Abstract: Disclosed herein are light polarizing articles that include a substrate, a light polarizing layer disposed on a surface of the substrate, a thick polymer layer disposed on the light polarizing layer, and at least one anti-scratch layer disposed on the thick polymer layer. The thick polymer layer serves as a buffer layer that, when combined with a thin abrasion-resistant coating, permits substantially improved resistance to scratching and indentation. The improved indentation resistance is exhibited even when being indented with sharp objects. The light polarizing articles can be used, for example, as ophthalmic products and in display devices. Methods of making and using the light polarizing articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A functioning optical lens includes a molded polyamide layer, and an optical sheet including a polyamide sheet layer and an optical film layer. Such a functioning optical lens may be prepared by bending an optical sheet including an optical film layer and a polyamide sheet layer, and injection molding a polyamide composition onto the bent polyamide sheet layer so as to thermally fuse the polyamide composition and the polyamide sheet layer with each other.

Abstract: A polarizer that can be used for forming a liquid crystal display or an electroluminescent display with less display irregularities and excellent display characteristics is provided. The polarizer contains a dichroic material in a matrix, and its in-plane retardation at a measurement wavelength providing no absorption is in a range of 950 to 1350 nm. The measurement wavelength is preferably a wavelength that the dichroic material provides no absorption, and it is 1000 nm, for example.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics. The method of producing a polarizing film of the present invention includes: forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 on a thermoplastic resin substrate 11 to produce a laminate 10; dyeing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 of the laminate 10 with iodine; stretching the laminate 10; and covering, after the dyeing and the stretching, a surface of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 of the laminate 10 with a cover film having a moisture permeability of 100 g/m2·24 h or less, followed by heating of the laminate 10 under the state.

Abstract: To develop a polarizing element having a good, polarizing property, and also having a high durability without use of a raw material belonging to a specified, chemical substance such as dianisidine. Provided is a polarizing element that comprises a film of a polyvinyl alcohol resin or a derivative thereof containing dichromatic pigments, and having been stretched, in which at least one of the dichromatic pigments is an azo compound represented by Formula (1) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Photochromic-dichroic articles are provided, which include a substrate having a first surface, a fixed-polarized layer over the first surface of the substrate, and a photochromic-dichroic layer over the first surface of the substrate. The fixed-polarized layer optionally includes a fixed-colorant and has a first polarization axis. The photochromic-dichroic layer includes a photochromic-dichroic compound that is laterally aligned within the photochromic-dichroic layer, and which defines a second polarization axis. The first polarization axis and the second polarization axis are oriented relative to each other at an angle of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°. The photochromic-dichroic articles can provide, for example, increased optical density and/or increased kinetics when exposed to a given amount of actinic radiation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: stretching and dyeing a laminate including a resin substrate having a long shape and a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on one side of the resin substrate, to thereby produce a polarizing film on the resin substrate; laminating an optically functional film on a side of the polarizing film of the laminate, to thereby produce an optically functional film laminate; and cutting widthwise direction end portions of the optically functional film laminate. The cut portions include the resin substrate, the polarizing film, and the optically functional film.

Abstract: As the polarizing fiber of the present invention, the cross sectional form perpendicular to the longitudinal direction has a sea-island structure, and the cross sectional form is continuously made up in the longitudinal direction. A resin (sea component) that constitutes the sea region of the sea-island structure comprises a dichroic dye, and a resin (island component) that constitutes the island regions of the sea-island structure is a transparent resin. The polarizing fiber of the present invention may be used as a forming material of a polarizer, for example. By using the above polarizing fiber, a polarizer wherein unevenness of the transmittance is small and cracks are less generated may be formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an azo compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; and n represents 1 or 2. Also disclosed are a dye-containing polarizing film and a dye-containing polarizing plate, each of which comprises a polarizing film base material and the azo compound contained in the base material.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizer (20) comprises the steps of: (A) stretching a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer (10) to obtain a stretched layer (14); (B) immersing the stretched layer (14) in a dyeing liquid (23) containing iodine to obtain a dyed layer (18) in which absorbance thereof determined from a tristimulus value Y is from 0.4 to 1.0 (transmittance T=40% to 10%); and (C) removing a part of iodine adsorbed in the dyed layer (18) so that the absorbance of the dyed layer (18) decreases by 0.03 to 0.7, provided that the absorbance of the dyed layer (18) is controlled so that it does not become less than 0.3.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film polarizer having an excellent durability, the method comprising dyeing, cross-linking, stretching, and drying, wherein additives containing phosphorus is inputted into one or more of the dyeing, the cross-linking, and the stretching. In this case, the additives containing phosphorus may be selected from a group consisting of a phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate monobasic, potassium phosphate dibasic, magnesium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, and ammonium phosphate monobasic. An amount of the additives containing phosphorus in an added solution may be 0.01 to 15 wt %. As described above, when inputting the additives containing phosphorus while producing a polarizer, cross-linking between iodine and a polymer matrix becomes strong due to the phosphorus contained in the additives, thereby producing a polarizer having an excellent durability, and particularly, an excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an azo compound represented by the following formula (1) [wherein, A represents a naphthyl group having a substituent, R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 5, an alkoxy group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 5, a sulfo group, or an alkoxy group having a sulfo group and a carbon atom number of 1 to 5, and X represents a benzoylamino group having a substituent, a phenylamine group having a substituent, a phenylazo group having a substituent, or a naphthotriazole group having a substituent] and a salt thereof. By using the azo compound or a salt thereof of the present invention, a neutral color polarizing plate and a color polarizing plate for a liquid crystal projector being excellent in polarization performance and durability and having less color leakage in a visible light region can be provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a polarizing material is provided including exposing a layer of dichroic material to activating light illumination to provide an ordered structure with a distinguished absorption axis and thus photo-induce polarization, and fixing the induced polarization by polymerization of the dichroic layer. Novel polarizing materials formed thereby are also provided. By selectively exposing regions of the dichroic material to differing activating radiation, different regions with different polarization axes can be created. The polarizing material can also be provided with a coating or coatings to alter the spectral responses, and a stack formed of a plurality if dichroic layers can be provided.

Abstract: A polarizing plate of the present invention includes a stretched laminate that is a laminate including a base material layer and a hydrophilic polymer layer and has undergone a stretching process, and at least a dichroic substance is adsorbed to the hydrophilic polymer layer. The polarizing plate of the present invention can be prevented from curling even when the polarizer is reduced in thickness.

Abstract: A water-resistant polarizing film having an organic colorant having an anionic group, and organic nitrogen compounds. The organic nitrogen compounds include a first organic nitrogen compound having at least two nitrogen atoms in the molecule thereof, and a second organic nitrogen compound having at least two nitrogen atoms in the molecule thereof. The distance (A) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the first organic nitrogen compound is shorter than the distance (B) between adjacent atoms of the nitrogen atoms in the second organic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: An anisotropic dye layer containing a coordination polymer is disclosed. The a polarization control film containing an oriented dichroic dye in which light absorption spectrum of a molecule is reversibly changed by charge passing are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an optical display device using a polarizing film which has a thickness of 10 ?m or less and exhibits high optical characteristics. The optical display device comprises a continuous web of polarizing film which is made of a polyvinyl alcohol type resin having a molecularly oriented dichroic material, and formed through stretching to have a thickness of 10 ?m or less and satisfy conditions expressed by the following formulas: P>?(100.929T?42.4?1)×100 (where T<42.3); and P?99.9 (where T?42.3), wherein T is a single layer transmittance, and P is a polarization rate. The polarizing film may be prepared by subjecting a laminate comprising a non-crystallizable ester type thermoplastic resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer formed on the substrate to by 2-stage stretching consisting of preliminary in-air stretching and in-boric-acid-solution stretching.

Abstract: Provided is an optical display device using a polarizing film which has a thickness of 10 ?m or less and exhibits high optical characteristics. The optical display device comprises a continuous web of polarizing film which is made of a polyvinyl alcohol type resin having a molecularly oriented dichroic material, and formed through stretching to have a thickness of 10 ?m or less and satisfy conditions expressed by the following formulas: P>?(100.929T-42.4?1)×100 (where T<42.3); and P?99.9 (where T?42.3), wherein T is a single layer transmittance, and P is a polarization rate. The polarizing film may be prepared by subjecting a laminate comprising a non-crystallizable ester type thermoplastic resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer formed on the substrate to by 2-stage stretching consisting of preliminary in-air stretching and in-boric-acid-solution stretching.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a polarizing lens, which comprises a polarizing layer comprising a dichroic dye and a functional film in this order on a lens substrate, and further comprises a waterborne resin layer between the polarizing layer and the functional film as a layer adjacent to both the polarizing layer and functional film, wherein the waterborne resin layer is greater than 0.50 ?m in thickness and has been formed by coating and drying a waterborne resin composition comprising a polyether polyurethane resin and a water-based solvent.

Abstract: An anisotropic dye layer containing a coordination polymer is disclosed. The a polarization control film containing an oriented dichroic dye in which light absorption spectrum of a molecule is reversibly changed by charge passing are disclosed.

Abstract: The plastic polarized lens (10) of the present invention contains a polarized film (12) and layers (resin layers) (14a and 14b) comprising a thiourethane-based resin stacked over both surfaces of the polarized film (12), and the polarized film contains an organic coloring compound represented by the following general formula (1).

Abstract: A polarizer includes boric acid and potassium iodide. A ratio of weight percent of the boric acid to weight percent of the potassium iodide is within a range of about 5 to about 10 in the polarizer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a thin polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics. The method of producing a thin polarizing film of the present invention includes forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 on a thermoplastic resin substrate 11 to prepare a laminate 10, subjecting the laminate 10 to underwater stretching in an aqueous solution of boric acid and stretching the laminate 10 while drying the laminate 10 after the underwater stretching.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin polarizing film which has only a small environmental load and has excellent optical characteristics. The thin polarizing film is produced by forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer on a thermoplastic resin substrate. The thin polarizing film has a thickness of 10 ?m or less, a single axis transmittance of 42.0% or more, a polarization degree of 99.95% or more, and an iodine content of 17.6 grams per 400×700 square millimeters or less, which is measured by an ion chromatography method.

Abstract: A method of producing a roll of an optical film laminate strip including a polarizing film includes the steps of: forming a continuous web of optical film laminate including a polarizing film which consists of a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer and has a thickness of 10 ?m or less, wherein the polarizing film is formed by performing an stretching sub-step of subjecting a laminate comprising a continuous web of thermoplastic resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer formed on the substrate, to a uniaxial stretching in a lengthwise direction of the laminate based on 2-stage stretching consisting of preliminary in-air stretching and in-boric-acid-solution stretching; cutting the continuous web of optical film laminate along a direction parallel to the length direction to form at least one continuous web of laminate strip having a given width; and winding the continuous web of laminate strip having the given width into a roll.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a stretched film obtained by uniaxially stretching a laminated film which comprises a base film and a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer laminated on one surface of the base film, wherein the base film has a multilayer structure of resin layers including two resin layers which comprise different resins from one another; a polarizing stretched film obtained by imparting polarizing performance to the stretched film; and a method for producing a polarizing plate using the polarizing stretched film. It is preferable that the resins constituting the above-described two resin layers show different phase transition temperatures from one another.

Abstract: Disclosed is an azo compound represented by the formula (1) or (2) below, or a salt thereof. (In the formulae, A represents a substituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group having 1-3 sulfonic acid groups; X represents —N?N— or —NHCO—; R1-R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group; m represents a number of 1-3; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is an azo compound represented by the formula (1) or (2) below, or a salt thereof. (In the formulae, A represents a substituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group having 1-3 sulfonic acid groups; X represents —N?N— or —NHCO—; R1-R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group; m represents a number of 1-3; and n represents 0 or 1).

Abstract: To reduce blister defects of a polarizing plate comprising a cured layer of a curable composition. A polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; a cured layer of a curable composition; and at least one layer containing an iodine scavenger disposed between the polarizer and the cured layer. the iodine scavenger is at least one selected from the group consisting of starches, cyclodextrins, polyvinylpyridines, and polyvinylpyrrolidones.

Abstract: Provided is an optical display device using a polarizing film which has a thickness of 10 ?m or less and exhibits high optical characteristics. The optical display device comprises a continuous web of polarizing film which is made of a polyvinyl alcohol type resin having a molecularly oriented dichroic material, and formed through stretching to have a thickness of 10 ?m or less and satisfy conditions expressed by the following formulas: P>?(100.929T-42.4?1)×100 (where T<42.3); and P?99.9 (where T?42.3), wherein T is a single layer transmittance, and P is a polarization rate. The polarizing film may be prepared by subjecting a laminate comprising a non-crystallizable ester type thermoplastic resin substrate and a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer formed on the substrate to by 2-stage stretching consisting of preliminary in-air stretching and in-boric-acid-solution stretching.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin high-performance polarizing film includes coating a polyvinyl alcohol type resin on a resin substrate having a thickness of at least 20 ?m and then drying the resin to thereby form a polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer, immersing thus produced polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer in a dyeing solution including a dichroic material to thereby have the dichroic material impregnated in the polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer, stretching the polyvinyl alcohol type resin layer having the dichroic material impregnated therein together with the resin substrate in a boric acid solution such that a total stretching ratio of 5.0 or more of the original length is achieved.

Abstract: A method of forming a polarizing material is provided including exposing a layer of dichroic material to activating light illumination to provide an ordered structure with a distinguished absorption axis and thus photo-induce polarization, and fixing the induced polarization by polymerization of the dichroic layer. Novel polarizing materials formed thereby are also provided. By selectively exposing regions of the dichroic material to differing activating radiation, different regions with different polarization axes can be created. The polarizing material can also be provided with a coating or coatings to alter the spectral responses, and a stack formed of a plurality if dichroic layers can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a polarizing film having excellent optical characteristics. The method of producing a polarizing film of the present invention includes: forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 on a thermoplastic resin substrate 11 to produce a laminate 10; dyeing the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 of the laminate 10 with iodine; stretching the laminate 10; and covering, after the dyeing and the stretching, a surface of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer 12 of the laminate 10 with a cover film having a moisture permeability of 100 g/m2·24 h or less, followed by heating of the laminate 10 under the state.

Abstract: A polarization film comprising a polarization film substrate and a dye treated with an activated carbon, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the polarization film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizer which is thin and light as well as has durability, and an optical member capable of forming a liquid-crystalline displaying apparatus for mobiles which is excellent in reliance. According to the present invention, there is provided a polarizer, which comprises a protecting film comprising an epoxy resin as a main component on at least one side of a polarizing film. This polarizer can be produced by a method of coating an uncured epoxy resin composition on at least one side of a polarizing film, and then curing the composition to form a protecting film. Also, an optical member comprising a laminate of the aforementioned polarizer and other optical layer exhibiting the optical function is provided and, further, a liquid crystal displaying apparatus comprising the optical member disposed on one side or both sides of a liquid-crystalline cell is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a polarizing lens comprising: polishing in a constant direction one of surfaces of a first mold for forming one of surfaces of a lens; forming a polarizing film by coating a coating liquid containing a dichroic dye on the surface that has been polished; disposing a second mold, for forming the other surface of the lens, opposite the first mold with a prescribed gap therebetween, and forming a cavity by occluding the gap, wherein the two molds are disposed so that the polarizing film is positioned within the cavity; and casting a lens starting material liquid containing a curable component into the cavity and conducting a reaction to cure the curable component within the cavity to obtain a polarizing lens having the polarizing film on a lens substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a new dichroic dye having liquid crystal properties and dichroic properties and capable of being used for forming a polarization film with excellent heat resistance, durability, and polarizing properties, a composition including the same for a polarization film, a method for forming a polarization plate with excellent durability using the composition, and a polarization plate prepared thereby. The new dichroic dye has a structure of R1-L1-(M,L,D) (where, D is a dichroic structure, M is a structure with liquid crystal properties, R1 is a reactive end functional group, and L and L1 are linking structures). The composition for a polarization film includes the dichroic dye. In the method for forming the polarization plate, the composition for a polarization film is applied to a substrate and cured to prepare the polarization plate. The polarization plate has excellent dichroic ratio, heat resistance, durability, and polarizing properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a polarizing lens comprising: polishing in a constant direction one of surfaces of a first mold for forming one of surfaces of a lens; disposing a second mold, for forming the other surface of the lens, opposite the first mold with a prescribed gap therebetween, and forming a cavity by occluding the gap, wherein the two molds are disposed so that the surface that has been polished is positioned within the cavity; casting a lens starting material liquid containing a curable component into the cavity and conducting a reaction to cure the curable component within the cavity to obtain a lens substrate having a surface to which a surface shape of the polished surface has been transferred; and forming a polarizing film on the surface of the lens substrate by coating a coating liquid containing a dichroic dye.

Abstract: A polarizing film includes a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) type resin having a dichroic material impregnated therein. The polarizing film is formed by stretching the PVA type resin, such that the thickness of the polarizing film is decreased to 10 ?m or less, and. The polarizing film has optical properties which satisfy conditions represented by formulae: P>?(100.929T-42.4?1)×100 (where T<42.3); and P?99.9 (where T?42.3) where T represents a single layer transmittance and P a polarization rate. The polarizing film can be made by providing a laminate comprising a PVA type resin layer formed on a non-crystallizable ester type thermoplastic resin substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizing film which comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer including dichroic materials. The polarizing film has (a) a film thickness t of 0.5 ?m to 5 ?m, and (b) an absorbance (absorbance per unit) of 1.5 or higher for extraordinary light per film thickness of 1 ?m relative to monochromatic light having a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a polarizer having improved cross transmittance. The method for producing a polarizer includes: dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based film with molecular iodine by immersing the PVA-based film in an aqueous iodine solution (a dyeing step); absorbing the molecular iodine into the PVA-based film using an aqueous boric acid solution (a cross-linking step); arranging the molecular iodine in the certain direction by stretching the PVA-based film in a certain direction (an stretching step); and drying, in an oven, the PVA-based film in which the molecular iodine is oriented; wherein a phosphate compound is added to the iodine aqueous solution (the dyeing step) or the aqueous boric acid solution (the stretching step) so that a weight ratio of the boric acid: the phosphate compound is in a range of 1:0.1 to 1:10.

Abstract: Provided are polarizer, polarizing plate, and image display device having excellent durability and heat resistance in which contents of zinc, boron, and iodine in the polarizer are controlled in a specific range. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a polarizer having a value of zinc content (wt %)×boron content (wt %)/iodine content (wt %) in a range of about 0.1 to about 3.0 in all positions in which a depth (D) from a surface to a center of the polarizer is 0?D?200 nm, polarizing plate and image display device including the polarizer are provided. The polarizer, polarizing plate, and image display device according to the present invention have excellent durability and heat resistance in which initial cross transmittance and color are maintained and transmittance, degree of polarization, and color are maintained even under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: A glass polarizer applicable to projection-type liquid crystal displays and the like and having an excellent transmittance and extinction ratio with respect to light in the visible light region (500 nm to 600 nm) using silver halide containing glass as a starting material is provided. A glass polarizer for visible light according to the present invention is a polarizer manufactured by heating and stretching borosilicate glass in which silver halide particles are dispersed and deposited by heat treatment and reducing at least a portion of silver halide particles oriented and stretched in the glass to produce metallic silver particles. An average transmittance (T? % 500 to 600 nm) in a wavelength range of 500 nm to 600 nm of light having a polarization plane perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of metallic silver particles having shape anisotropy that is uniaxially oriented and dispersed is 75% or more and an extinction ratio in the wavelength range is 25 dB or more.

Abstract: A polarizing film, a polarizing plate, a method of preparing the polarizing film, and an organic light-emitting apparatus including the polarizing plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an azo compound represented by the formula (1) or (2) below, or a salt thereof. (In the formulae, A represents a substituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group having 1-3 sulfonic acid groups; X represents —N?N— or —NHCO—; R1-R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxyl group; m represents a number of 1-3; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A reflective film includes interior layers arranged to selectively reflect light by constructive or destructive interference, the layers extending from a first zone to a second zone of the film. The film has a first thickness and the interior layers provide a first reflective characteristic in the first zone; the film has a second thickness and the interior layers provide a second reflective characteristic in the second zone. The difference between the first and second reflective characteristics is not substantially attributable to any difference between the first and second thicknesses, which difference may be zero. Rather, the difference in the reflective characteristics is substantially attributable to reduced birefringence of at least some of the interior layers in one zone relative to the other zone. The film may also incorporate absorbing agents to assist in the manufacture or processing of the film. Related methods and articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical device (10) comprising two layers (12, 18), with each layer having a plurality of adjacent and substantially coplanar polarizing layer portions (14, 16), with any two adjacent ones of these polarizing layer portions having orthogonal polarization directions. These two layers are movable relative to one another such that each of the polarizing layer portions from one layer can substantially overlap at least two of the polarizing layer portions from the other layer, with one of these other polarizing layer portions having a substantially identical polarization direction (FIG. 2a) and the other having an orthogonal polarization direction (FIG. 26). In this way, radiation wavelengths passing through the two layers can be selectively blocked and transmitted therethrough by moving the two layers relative to one another.

Abstract: A transparent product that gives an image only at one side, which can be used for an advertisement on the window or the like, which is a product that has a semi-transmissive-half-reflective layer having transmittance of 30% or higher and a reflectance of 30% or higher, a birefringent layer which is a patterned optically anisotropic layer having two or more regions of different birefringence in the form of a pattern or a driven-type optically anisotropic layer containing a liquid-crystal compound driven by voltage application to control the optical anisotropy, and a polarizing layer in this order and does not have, at the opposite side of the polarizing layer with respect to the birefringent layer, a polarizing layer, is provided.

Abstract: A polarizing element comprising an alignment layer and a polarizing layer formed by aligning a dichroic coloring agent by deposition which are successively disposed on a substrate, wherein the alignment layer is a sol-gel film formed by using a material comprising at least (A) a sol of an inorganic oxide and (B) an alkoxysilane and/or a hexaalkoxydisiloxane, and the ratio of amounts by mole of Component (B) to solid components in Component (A) [(B)/(A)(solid components)] is 99.9/0.1 to 40/60; and a process for producing the polarizing element. The polarizing element can be produced in simple steps, the treatment of abrasion of the surface necessary for alignment of a dichroic coloring agent by deposition is facilitated, and haze due to formation of cracks is absent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizing film or a polarizer that has an elastic modulus of at most about 3500 N/mm2 and suppresses occurrence of warping, the polarizing film is obtained by adsorbing a dichroic material in a polyvinyl alcohol-based film 20 ?m in thickness and stretching the film. The polarizing film has a transmittance of at least 43% and a polarization degree of at least 98%. A transparent protective layer is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing film to form a polarizing plate.