Abstract: The present invention relates to a head-up display device with reflecting target diffuser sheet, which includes an image projection module and a reflecting target diffuser sheet, an array of micro-mirrors is set on the reflecting target diffuser sheet for reflecting and diffusing the image light source projected by the image projection module to design diffusion areas, the intersection range of the design diffusion areas is an Eye Box, the projected images can be seen when an eye is in the range of the Eye Box, to thereby reduce the bright unevenness caused by interference, and maximize image brightness.

Abstract: An eyepiece for a head-mounted display includes one or more first waveguides arranged to receive light from a spatial light modulator at a first edge, guide at least some of the received light to a second edge opposite the first edge, and extract at least some of the light through a face of the one or more first waveguides between the first and second edges. The eyepiece also includes a second waveguide positioned to receive light exiting the one or more first waveguides at the second edge and guide the received light to one or more light absorbers.

Abstract: A head-mounted display (HMD) apparatus comprising at least one optical system, each optical system comprising a lens having a reflective optical surface and an HMD device associated with and distanced from the reflective optical surface. The HMD device comprises a substrate having horizontal and/or vertical convex curvatures having a curved geometric profile which continuously curves with smooth transitions in horizontal and/or vertical dimensions. The curved profile is dimensioned to curve around a temple of a wearer and extend in a direction toward an ear of a wearer. The substrate comprising a plurality of pixel elements arranged along the horizontal convex curvature and being controlled to selectively radiate light representative of computer-generated content (CGC) to the associated reflective optical surface such that those selected pixel elements for display emanate rays of the light for subsequent reflection from the reflective optical surface toward a respective one eye of the wearer.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light-transmitting substrate having a refractive index, at least two major surfaces and edges, an optical element for coupling light waves into the substrate for effecting total internal reflection, at least one element carried by the first substrate for coupling light waves out of the substrate, and a first transparent plate, having at least two major surfaces, one of the major surfaces of the first transparent plate being optically cemented, with a first optical adhesive having a refractive index, to one of the major surfaces of the light-transmitting substrate, defining a first interface surface, light waves coupled inside the substrate are partially reflected from the interface plane and partially pass through it, wherein the refractive index of the optical adhesive is different than the refractive index of the light transmitting substrate.

Abstract: A wearable apparatus includes a first display screen having a first display plane, a second display screen having a second display plane, a first optical mirror including a first reflective surface facing the first display screen, a second optical mirror including a second reflective surface facing the second display screen, a first eyepiece arranged between the first display screen and the first optical mirror, and a second eyepiece arranged between the second display screen and the second optical mirror. An optical axis of the first eyepiece is approximately parallel to the first display plane. An optical axis of the second eyepiece is approximately parallel to the second display plane. The first reflective surface and the first display screen form a first predetermined angle. The second reflective surface and the second display screen form a second predetermined angle.

Abstract: A head-mounted device may have a transparent display. The transparent display may be formed from a display unit that provides images to a user through an optical coupler. A user may view real-world objects through the optical coupler while control circuitry directs the transparent display to display computer-generated content over selected portions of the real-world objects. The head-mounted display may also include an adjustable opacity system. The adjustable opacity system may include an adjustable opacity layer such as a photochromic layer that overlaps the optical coupler and a light source that selectively exposes the adjustable opacity layer to ultraviolet light to control the opacity of the adjustable opacity layer. The adjustable opacity layer may block or dim light from the real-world objects to allow improved contrast when displaying computer-generated content over the real-world objects.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating an optical device having a light wave transmitting substrate with at least two major surfaces and edges, input and output reflecting surfaces carried by the substrate, for producing a substrate allowing light waves to traverse the substrate between the two major surfaces, the method including attaching to each other a plurality of substantially transparent flat plates arranged in a stack, slicing the stack to form a substrate with two major surfaces, and coupling-in and coupling-out reflecting surfaces, with major surfaces being parallel to each other and not parallel to the input or the output surfaces, grinding or polishing the substrate, and cutting the substrate to final dimensions.

Abstract: A head-up display (1) has a housing (2) with a housing lower part (3) and a housing upper part (4). The housing upper part (4) has a cover pane (5) designed for a projection. The housing (2) can be fastened to a body component (11) via a fastening system (7) that forms form a releasable connection both to the housing (2) and to the body component (11). The fastening system (7) has first passage openings (17) for the installation on the housing (2) and second passage openings (19) for the installation on the body component (11). The passage openings (17, 19) are elongated holes that receive pin-shaped fixing elements (8) to achieve the connection to the housing (2) and to the body component (11). An installation gauge for a head-up display and a gauging method for a head-up display also are provided.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an image projector and a controller. The image projector emits image projection light that projects an image onto a projection-target surface. The controller controls, in a time division manner, the emission direction of the image projection light emitted by the image projector. The controller performs control to prevent the sum of the area of one or more regions of the projection-target surface, on which the image projection light is projected, from exceeding a predetermined upper limit.

Abstract: A near eye display including: a first optical waveguide having a direction of elongation, at least one pair of parallel faces, and a first coupling-out mechanism; a second optical waveguide having an input aperture, a pair of parallel faces, and a second coupling out-mechanism; an optical coupling between the first optical waveguide and the second waveguide, the optical coupling including at least an air gap configured to enable total internal reflection within the first waveguide, and an interface window, the interface window comprising a transparent optical element with a refractive index substantially the same as a refractive index of the second optical waveguide; and wherein at least a portion of the interface window projects beyond the input aperture of the second optical waveguide such that undesired light exiting the first waveguide is prevented from entering the second waveguide.

Abstract: Eyeglass lenses having a plurality of image-generating cells have a lens body formed of an optically-transmissive material, the lens body having an arcuate convex first surface, the lens body having an arcuate concave second surface, a reflective layer embedded within the lens body between the first and second surfaces, the reflective layer having an array of facets, and each facet of the reflective layer having a planar surface. Each of the facets may be a polygon. The reflective layer may be optically transmissive. The lens body may have a forward portion between the first surface and the reflective layer. The forward portion may have a plurality of cells, each cell being coextensive with an associated facet, each cell having the form of a plano-convex lens and mirror assembly adapted to receive parallel incoming rays and to focus the rays at a focal point beyond the first surface of the lens.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a smart contact lens for displaying images and a light-transmitting body thereof. The smart contact lens includes a light-transmitting body, an image-sensing module and an image display module. The light-transmitting body has a first view window and a second view window. The image-sensing module diverges from the second view window by a predetermined horizontal distance. The image display module diverges from the first view window by a predetermined horizontal distance. The light-transmitting body has a second transmission path formed between the first view window and the image display module. An internal image source generated by the image display module is transmitted to an eyeball through the second transmission path.

Abstract: Described are an imager and an optical system with an imager. The imager includes a beam deflector to deflect light beams within the imager, a light source with an active surface, to emit light beams in the direction of the beam deflector, a reflector with a main plane, to reflect incident light beams from the direction of the beam deflector in the direction of the beam deflector, a light modulator with an active surface, to modulate incident light beams from the direction of the beam deflector and to reflect them in the direction of the beam deflector. The beam deflector is between the reflector and the light modulator. The main plane of the reflector and the active surface of the light modulator enclose an angle of greater than 0° which faces the beam deflector.

Abstract: One embodiment sets forth a near eye display (NED). The NED includes an electronic display configured to output image light to an optical element. The optical element is configured to receive the image light, direct the image light, and form an image at the eye. The NED also includes an angle selective filter having a curved surface. The angle selective filter is configured to filter out light beams of light exiting the optical element and having an angle of incidence on the curved surface larger than a cut-off angle of incidence.

Abstract: According to the invention, there are provided a vehicle minor with an image display function including: an image display device; and a half mirror, in which the half minor includes a reflection layer, and the reflection layer is inclined with respect to a surface of an image display portion of the image display device, and a method of manufacturing a vehicle mirror with an image display function including: positioning a half minor including a reflection layer on a surface of an image display portion of an image display device such that the half mirror is inclined with respect to the surface of the image display portion. In a vehicle minor with an image display function according to the invention, image visibility is hardly reduced by outside light.

Abstract: A vehicle service system and method to determine spatial parameters of a vehicle, employing a display system under processor control, to display or project visible indicia onto surfaces in proximity to a vehicle undergoing a safety system service or inspection identifying one or more locations, relative to the determined vehicle centerline or thrust line, at which a calibration fixture, optical target, or simulated test drive imagery is visible for observation by a sensor onboard the vehicle.

Abstract: An optical system including a light-guide optical element (LOE) with a first set of mutually-parallel, partially-reflecting surfaces and a second set of mutually-parallel, partially-reflecting surfaces at a different orientation from the first set. Both sets of partially-reflecting surfaces are located between a set of mutually-parallel major external surfaces. Image illumination introduced at a coupling-in location propagates along the LOE, is redirected by the first set of partially-reflecting surfaces towards the second set of partially-reflecting surfaces, where it is coupled out towards the eye of the user. The first set of partially-reflecting surfaces are implemented as partial surfaces located where needed for filling an eye-motion box with the required image. Additionally, or alternatively, spacing of the first set of partially-reflecting surfaces is varied across a first region of the LOE.

Abstract: A module includes a substrate, a transmission member and a reflection member, wherein on the substrate, surface emitting elements which emit light having different wavelengths are arranged side by side in a predetermined direction, the transmission member has a first surface which is parallel to the substrate and a second surface which is opposite to the first surface, the reflection member has a third surface which is parallel to the second surface of the transmission member, the second surface of the transmission member is inclined in the predetermined direction relative to the first surface and faces the third surface of the reflection member with an air layer in between, on the second surface of the transmission member, optical filters are arranged linearly side by side and the plurality of optical filters.

Abstract: A head up display includes a light pipe and a waveguide combiner. The light pipe is configured to expand a pupil in a first direction and includes an input grating and an output put grating. The light pipe also includes four elongated surfaces, and the input grating and the output grating are provided in one or more planes parallel to two of the elongated surfaces. The waveguide combiner is configured to expand the pupil in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first light pipe is disposed at an angle with respect to a waveguide combiner.

Abstract: A movable body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a vehicle body and an information display apparatus mounted on the vehicle body. The information display apparatus provided at the movable body includes a light projecting part that projects a luminous flux and a reflector that reflects the luminous flux from the light projecting part. The reflector includes a plurality of unit regions two-dimensionally arranged over a main surface. Each of the unit regions includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces two-dimensionally arranged, and splits a luminous flux entering the plurality of reflecting surfaces to perform reflection in a plurality of directions.

Abstract: It is provided that a lightguide structure comprising: a first portion disposed to receive light rays emitted by an external display, a second portion disposed to provide, to a second surface facing a viewer, the light rays from the first portion and ambient light, wherein the second portion has a plurality of first surfaces for reflecting light rays and at least one second surface which the light rays and the ambient light perpendicularly enter into and pass through, an intermediate portion disposed to connect between the first portion and the second portion and reflect the light rays from the first portion for transferring the light rays to the second portion.

Abstract: A light source device according to the invention includes a light source configured to emit blue light having a wavelength band of 37 nm or less and a diffusion element configured to diffuse the light emitted from the light source. The diffusion element includes a base material that has an uneven structure and is composed of a metal, a reflection film that is provided along the uneven structure and is composed of aluminum, and a dielectric multilayer film provided on the reflection film.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror with an image display function includes a half mirror and an image display device, the half mirror includes an n?/4 retardation film and a reflection layer, n is 1, 3, 5, or 7, the n?/4 retardation film, the reflection layer, and the image display device are disposed in this order in the mirror with an image display function, and the reflection layer is a linear polarization reflection layer or a circular polarization reflection layer.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light-transmitting substrate having at least two major surfaces and edges, an optical element for coupling light waves into the substrate to effect total internal reflection, and at least one flat reflecting surface having at least one active side located between the two major surfaces of the light-transmitting substrate for coupling light waves out of the substrate, characterized in that light waves trapped inside the substrate are reflected at least twice by the active side of the reflecting surface before being coupled out from the substrate.

Abstract: A light guide system (light guide device) includes a transparent light guide portion that guides light beams incident from one end side to a light-emitting portion. The light guide portion includes a first surface, a second surface which is parallel to the first surface, and a third surface which is positioned between the first surface and the second surface on another end side. A plurality of obliquely-inclined partial reflection surfaces are disposed between the first surface and the second surface, and the third surface is inclined in the same direction as that of the partial reflection surface. The third surface is configured with an anti-reflection surface for image light beams traveling through the light guide portion, and is covered by an anti-reflection film, a light absorption layer, a moth-eye type roughened surface, or the like. Therefore, occurrence of stray light due to reflection by the third surface can be suppressed.

Abstract: A receiver optical module is disclosed where the receiver optical module includes a coupling unit, an optical de-multiplexer, and an optical attenuator. The coupling unit secures an optical fiber. The optical de-multiplexer de-multiplexes a wavelength multiplexed optical beam that is provided from the optical fiber and multiplexes optical signals. The optical attenuator attenuates the wavelength multiplexed signal. A feature of the receiver optical module is that the optical de-multiplexer has a plurality of multi-layered dielectric films each pass one of the optical signals and has a rectangular shape with a shorter side and a longer side; while, the optical attenuator provides a shutter that is movable along the longer side of the multi-layered dielectric films.

Abstract: Implementations of an augmented reality (AR)-capable display device for displaying light generated by a display onto a predefined field of view are disclosed herein. Within one implementation, the display device comprises a mount assembly configured to removably attach with a mobile computing device associated with the display, to thereby arrange the display with a predefined position. The display device further comprises an optical arrangement having a predefined arrangement relative to the predefined position and defining the field of view. The optical arrangement comprises a first mirror element configured to reflect a first portion of first incident light that is based on the light generated by the display, and a second mirror element disposed within the field of view and configured to reflect, onto the field of view, a second portion of second incident light that is based on the first portion.

Abstract: A compact head-up display for a vehicle includes: an image generator that displays an image on a display surface, and a semi-reflecting optical element, arranged at a distance from the image generator, that forms, on a first side of the optical element, a virtual image. The virtual image is visible from a viewing window on a second side of the optical element. The display includes an optical component that lengthens the optical path of the image passing from the image generator to the optical element. The optical component includes one entry face and one exit face, and a first reflecting face and a second reflecting face. The first reflecting face reflects the image from the entry face toward the second reflecting face. The second reflecting face reflects the image from the first reflecting face toward the exit face. The entry face is in contact with the display surface.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to methods and systems for the see-through computer display systems. In embodiments, the systems and methods use curved display panels to generate image light.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes image displaying sections that present displayed images to a user and allow the user to visually recognize outside light, a first light adjusting member that is disposed on an outside-facing side of the image displaying sections and adjusts the transmittance based on outside light incident on the first light adjusting member, and a second light adjusting member that is disposed between the image displaying sections and the first light adjusting member and adjusts the transmittance in accordance with the transmittance of the first light adjusting member.

Abstract: A head-up display system includes an image-forming and projection device, a combiner, a housing, and a lid body. The lid body includes at least a first divided lid body and a second divided lid body which engage with each other at the time of covering an opening of the housing. The first divided lid body includes an optical path regulator that regulates an optical path of projection light of a display image projected from the image-forming and projection device in use of the combiner onto an inner side of the housing, and allows projection light, which is necessary for formation of the virtual image of the display image in the projection light of the display image, to pass through the optical path regulator. The second divided lid body includes a covering member that covers the optical path regulator at the time of covering the opening.

Abstract: An apparatus, for use in replicating an image associated with an input-pupil to an output-pupil, comprises an optical waveguide including a bulk-substrate, an input-coupler and an output-coupler. The bulk-substrate includes first and second major sides and peripheral sides. The input-coupler couples, into the waveguide, light corresponding to the image associated with the input-pupil. The output-coupler couples, out of the waveguide, light corresponding to the image that has traveled through the waveguide from the input-coupler to the output-coupler at least in part by way of TIR. At least one of the peripheral sides includes first and second surfaces that define first and second planes angled 45 degrees relative to one another. Such a peripheral side provides for effective recycling of light that would otherwise leak out of the waveguide through the peripheral side.

Abstract: A head up display includes a light pipe and a waveguide combiner. The light pipe is configured to expand a pupil in a first direction and includes an input grating and an output put grating. The light pipe also includes four elongated surfaces, and the input grating and the output grating are provided in one or more planes parallel to two of the elongated surfaces. The waveguide combiner is configured to expand the pupil in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first light pipe is disposed at an angle with respect to a waveguide combiner.

Abstract: A display box is capable of supporting an electronic device. The electronic device is capable of emitting an image beam. A display box includes a box, a light-transmitting plate and a pivoting carrier. The box has a top-side opening and a viewing opening. The light-transmitting plate is obliquely arranged in the box and is capable of reflecting the image beam passing through the viewing opening to a target. The pivoting carrier has an accommodating recess and a first pivot axis. The pivoting carrier is disposed on the box. The pivoting carrier is pivoted beside the top-side opening by the first pivot axis. The electronic device is disposed in the accommodating recess, wherein the pivoting carrier rotates by the first pivot axis to make the electronic device face different positions.

Abstract: A lens assembly can be removably attached to an eye cone of a HMD. The eye cone displays images to an eye of a user of the HMD. The eye cone includes a peripheral wall that extends towards rear of the HMD. The lens assembly includes a corrective lens and a frame. The corrective lens corrects a vision error of the eye of the user. The frame includes an inner surface onto which the corrective lens is attached. The frame also includes a wall that receives a peripheral wall of the eye cone for removably securing the lens assembly to the HMD. The HMD can include another eye cone that displays images to the other eye of the user. Another lens assembly can be removably attached to the other eye cone.

Abstract: A near-eye display system comprises first and second optical waveguides. The first optical waveguide is configured to receive a first image through a first entry aperture, to expand the first image along the first optical waveguide, and to release an expanded first image. Layered parallel to the first optical waveguide, the second optical waveguide is configured to receive a second image through a second entry aperture, to expand the second image along the second optical waveguide, and to release an expanded second image to overlap the expanded first image. The second entry aperture is offset from the first entry aperture along the second optical waveguide.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp unit for irradiating light in front of the vehicle with a high contrast ratio and is capable of sufficiently cutting off the illumination light is provided. The unit includes a light source, a parallel optical system that produces parallel light, a polarizing beam splitter that splits light emitted from the parallel optical system into two polarized beams having polarization directions orthogonal to each other, a reflection-type liquid crystal element capable of switching between a first state where the light emitted from a first surface of the polarizing beam splitter is reflected without rotation of the polarization direction, and a second state where the light is reflected with rotation of the polarization direction, in each predetermined section, and a projection optical system that projects light, reflected by the reflection-type liquid crystal element and passed through the polarizing beam splitter once again, in front of the vehicle.

Abstract: Simulating sensors can include hooking an application associated with sensory data and associating the sensory data with an automation instruction. Simulating sensors can include providing the sensory data to a support device having an ability to modify the application and automatically causing the support device to simulate a sensory input using the sensory data by executing the automation instruction.

Abstract: A camera may include a display that projects a picture of the user's choice onto an image sensor array (or film), which is superimposed on the image of an object from a photograph that the lens system projects on the same image sensor array. Optionally, a pellicle mirror may be used to combine the two images. Optionally, the camera includes a transmitter for receiving pictures from a remote device, which are superimposed on the image of the object being photographed.

Abstract: An eyepiece for a head wearable display includes a curved lightguide component, a curved see-through component, an output coupler, and a prescription layer. The curved lightguide component guides display light received at an input region and releases the display light along an eye-ward direction in a viewing region. The output coupler is disposed at the viewing region to redirect the display light towards the eye-ward direction for output from the curved lightguide component. The output coupler is at least partially transmissive to ambient light incident through a world-facing side such that the viewing region is see-through. The curved see-through component is mated to the world-facing side of the curved lightguide component. The prescription layer has a first side mated to an eye-facing side of the curved lightguide component and a second side having a curvature that introduces prescriptive lensing to both the ambient light and the display light.

Abstract: A headset for virtual reality applications includes an optical element configured to modify light from an electronic display in the headset and to direct the modified light to a user. The optical element may include a Fresnel lens secured to a lens by securing the Fresnel lens to a mold and inserting a casting material into the mold so the casting material forms the lens and a portion of the casting material exists on and past an edge of the Fresnel lens. This encases the edge of the Fresnel lens in the casting material, securing the Fresnel lens to the lens.

Abstract: Provided is a blind spot assist device capable of more easily showing the image of a blind-spot zone continuously with the image directly viewed by a viewer. The blind spot assist device shows the image of the blind-spot zone blocked by an obstacle, and is provided with a pair of parallel plane mirrors to which light representing the image is incident, the pair of parallel plane mirrors comprising a semitransparent plane mirror and a plane mirror opposed to each other. The semitransparent plane mirror is provided on the viewer side for reflecting part of the light and transmitting part of the light. The plane mirror reflects the light to the semitransparent plane mirror. The pair of plane parallel mirrors is provided in such a manner that the width in a direction perpendicular to the travel direction of the light decreases gradually toward the travel direction of the light.

Abstract: In a projection system, a nonaxisymmetric aspheric surface is used as a surface that is located in a position where in a pencil of light of video image light that exits from each of two points in different corner regions in an image plane that is a light exiting plane of an image display apparatus, light components that should reach a viewer's eyes do not intersect one another, whereby the size of an optical system can be further reduced and the size of an overall apparatus can therefore be reduced with a variety of types of optical precision, such as the resolution and angle of view, maintained.

Abstract: A display engine includes light emitting elements, an optical subsystem to produce a single collimated beam of light from the light emitted by the light emitting elements, one or more image producing MEMS mirrors, one or more image reprojecting MEMS mirrors, and a controller. One of the image producing MEMS mirror(s) is positioned to reflect the single beam of light produced by the optical subsystem. The controller controls the image producing MEMS mirror(s) and the image reprojecting MEMS mirror(s). The image reprojecting MEMS mirror(s) is/are controlled and is/are positioned relative to the image producing MEMS mirror(s) and relative to input-coupler(s) of optical waveguide(s) so that a pupil corresponding to a scanned image that the image producing MEMS mirror(s) project onto one of the image reprojecting MEMS mirror(s), is reprojected by the image reprojecting MEMS mirror(s) onto the input-coupler(s) of the optical waveguide(s) and thereby coupled into the optical waveguide(s).

Abstract: A lens for projecting a virtual image comprising first and second body sections coupled along first and second surfaces to form an internal interface within the lens, and a reflective coating on at least a portion of either the first surface or the second surface configured to redirect light projected into the second body section toward an eye of a wearer. Another lens comprising first and second body sections having different indices of refraction, and an interface configured to redirect light toward an eye of a wearer for display as a virtual image. A method for manufacturing a lens comprising providing a first body section, casting on a first surface of the first body section a material for forming a second body section, and curing the material to form the second body section and bond it to the first body section to form a unitary lens.

Abstract: An image processing method includes capturing an image of the head of a user of a head mountable display device. The position of the head mountable display device is detected in the image captured by a camera. A region of the user's face that is occluded by the head mountable display device is identified. The portion of the captured image corresponding to the head mountable display device is at least partially replaced with a corresponding portion of a 3D facial model, to provide a modified version of the captured image.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of optical elements that are arrayed in a lattice pattern in a screen member which diffuses a laser beam incident from a projector to guide the laser beam toward a projection surface has a curved surface on a side thereof, and the curved surface has a common convexly curved shape, and diffuses the laser beam which is emitted from the curved surface toward the projection surface. The respective optical elements include a plurality of reference elements which serve as a reference and a plurality of peripheral elements which are adjacent to the respective reference elements. The respective reference elements and the respective adjacent peripheral elements are formed by offsetting surface vertexes of the curved surfaces in a stepwise manner. Offset amounts generated between the respective reference elements and the respective adjacent peripheral elements are different from each other.

Abstract: A spectacle lens for a display device may include a front side, a rear side, a coupling-in section and a coupling-out section. The coupling-out section includes at least two reflective deflecting surfaces arranged next to each other. The spectacle lens guides light bundles of pixels of the generated image to the coupling-out section in the spectacle lens and couples them out of the spectacle lens through the rear side. The spectacle lens includes a main part with the front and rear side, in which a recess extending from the rear side or from the front side to the surface structure is present, into which an insert element is inserted, the first end of which facing the surface structure is formed complementary to the surface structure, wherein the reflective deflecting surfaces lie between the surface structure of the main part and the first end of the insert element.

Abstract: A panorama display device includes a first display panel flexibly hinged to provide a hinged part and a non-hinged part of the first display panel, a first polarization unit on the first display panel, the first polarization unit including a separated part separated from a remaining part of the first polarization unit, a second display panel flexibly hinged to provide a hinged part and a non-hinged part of the second display panel, and a second polarization unit on the second display panel, the second polarization unit including a separated part separated from a remaining part of the second polarization unit. The hinged part of the first display panel is hinged with the separated part of the first polarization unit. The hinged part of the second display panel is hinged with the separated part of the second polarization unit. The first and second display panels are connected to each other.

Abstract: A wavelength multiplexer and de-multiplexer includes: a reflection member; a first port provided in the reflection member; a plurality of second ports provided in the reflection member to be spaced apart from the first port; and an optical filter on an optical path between the first port and the plurality of second ports, wherein a plurality of reflection surfaces inclined with respect to the optical filter are formed in the reflection member, a distance of a reflection point from the optical filter in each of the plurality of reflection surfaces becomes smaller as a reflection angle in each of the plurality of reflection surfaces is increased, and each of the plurality of second ports is positioned on a path of light reflected by each of the plurality of reflection surfaces.