Abstract: A reflective optical element includes a body with a first reflective surface of a high precision geometrical form, which can be used for reflecting light in a wavelength range less than 50 nm in an EUV-lithographic projection exposure system. The body includes first and a second non-reflecting surfaces. Further, the body includes a single connection area formed on the first non-reflecting surface with at least one fixation surface inside the connection area for fixing the entire optical element directly or indirectly to at least one bearing surface of a bearing element. The second non-reflecting surface is different from the single connection area formed on the first non-reflective surface. The second non-reflecting surface at least partly surrounds the single connection area. At least one stress relief recess is formed into the body. The stress relief recess at least partly separates the first non-reflective surface from the second non-reflecting surface.

Abstract: An aspheric mirror has an aspheric reflective surface symmetrical with respect to an optical axis that goes through the reflective surface and a reference plane provided in the reflective surface. The optical axis may go through the reflective surface at a non-center position on the reflective surface. The reference plane may be perpendicular to the optical axis. The reference plane may be flat enough for a beam to be reflected from the reference plane in almost specular reflection when emitted to the reference plane.

Abstract: A thin-sheet panel assembly, In one embodiment, a substantially rigid thin-sheet panel assembly having a non-rigid thin-sheet component includes the thin-sheet component which has selected plan area and shape, a backer having a plan shape and area substantially similar to the thin-sheet component, and plural riser elements of selected height and configuration each extending from the backer to distal ends connected to a reverse surface of the thin-sheet component, the riser elements being configured and disposed in an array which causes the assembly to have substantial rigidity in a selected direction in the thin-sheet component, and the thin-sheet panel assembly further includes a bar coupled to the backer and extending between at least one pair of adjacent riser elements of the plural riser elements.

Abstract: An optical module that effectively observes a rapidly moving event or object is provided. The optical module includes first and second mirrors, and an optical signals detector, which are installed in a body thereof. The first mirror has a wide field of view and detects the event or object over a wide observing region. The second mirror observes the event or object detected by the first mirror at a high resolution. The focal length of the second mirror is greater than that of the first mirror. The optical signal detector detects an optical signal in light transmitted from the first mirror or the second mirror. The body forms apertures which correspond to the first and second mirrors, respectively and provides an optical path from the first and second mirrors to the optical signal detector. Therefore, the optical module can observe the event or object detected by the first mirror at a high resolution.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch utilizing aperture-shared optics and functionally distinct planes of operation that enables high fiber port counts, such as 1×41, and multiplicative expansion, such as to 1×83 or 1×145, by utilizing elements optimized for performance in one of the functionally distinct planes of operation without affecting the other plane.

Abstract: A data processing method for alerting a first vehicle when entering and/or residing in a blind spot of at least one second vehicle and a system and a computer program implementing such a method. A method in accordance with an embodiment includes: determining and dynamically updating the position of second vehicle, the blind spot of the second vehicle, and the time for the first vehicle to enter the blind spot. An alarm signal is generated when the first vehicle is entering or residing in a blind spot of the second vehicle. The method also includes steps to generate direction for the first vehicle to avoid entering in or to leave the blind spot of the second vehicle.

Abstract: A mirror assembly comprising primary and auxiliary mirror assemblies having complimentary recesses and protrusions on respective frame portions of the assemblies, the auxiliary mirror assembly adapted to be disposed at a plurality of positions along the primary mirror assembly when the recesses and protrusions are disposed in interfitting engagement.

Abstract: Security element comprising: an adhesive, a reflecting optical structure comprising at least one elementary reflecting optical structure having a non-plane reflecting surface giving an image of a pattern in at least one direction of observation of the security element, or comprising at least two elementary reflecting optical structures (9a, 9b) of different types, in particular at least one of which is designed to create a luminous dot which is the image of a luminous source for observation of the security element.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide an optical system including a plurality of mirrors, each mirror having a rotational axis of symmetry; and a detector configured to detect an image formed by the plurality of mirrors. The plurality of mirrors are configured to scan an object space along a first direction. The plurality of mirrors are configured and arranged so that a focal length of the plurality of mirrors along the first direction is greater than a focal length of the plurality of mirrors in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction so as to obtain a ratio of anamorphism greater than approximately 1.5.

Abstract: A light collector includes a light guide having a refractive index larger than a refractive index of air and a reflecting surface configured to reflect light output from a conic surface of the light guide back to the light guide. The light guide is made of transparent material through which light passes. The light guide has an entering portion from which light enters and an exiting portion from which the light exits. The light guide has a circular cone shape and has a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction from the entering portion to the exiting portion.

Abstract: Provided is a device for viewing a front-lateral area of a vehicle. A front-lateral viewing device (16) comprises a mirror body (41) of a door mirror (21), a mirror housing (42), a first reflection mirror (22) which is provided in the mirror (42) and which reflects a desired range from a front area to a lateral area with respect to a side portion (55) of a vehicle body, and a second reflection mirror (23) which reflects light from the first reflection mirror (22) toward a vehicle occupant. The mirror housing (42) has a recess (111) where a front surface (108) is inwardly recessed. The first reflection mirror (22) is provided in the recess (111). A blinker (14) is provided at a position spaced from an outer end (95) of the first reflection mirror (22) at a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a projection objective, which can include an object plane in which an object field is formed, an entry pupil, a mirrored entry pupil (RE) in a mirrored entry pupil plane obtained by mirroring the entry pupil (VE) at the object plane, an image plane, an optical axis, at least a first mirror and a second mirror. The projection objective can have a negative back focus of the entry pupil, and a principal ray originating from a central point of the object field and traversing the objective from the object plane to the image plane can intersect the optical axis in at least one point of intersection, wherein the geometric locations of all points of intersection lie between the image plane and the mirrored entry pupil plane.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optical arrangement in a projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus which is designed for operation in EUV. The optical arrangement includes first and second mirrors that are in direct succession to each other along the projection beam direction. The second mirror is rigidly connected to the first mirror.

Abstract: An outside mirror apparatus mounted to a sidewall of a vehicle to provide a driver's rear view, may include a front glass layer, a transmissivity variation unit attached to a rear surface of the front glass layer, the transmissivity variation unit selectively transmitting light or interrupting light transmission according to an electric signal, a rear glass layer attached to a rear surface of the transmissivity variation unit, and a control unit applying the electric signal to the transmissivity variation unit, wherein the front glass layer and the second glass layer have a different refractive index.

Abstract: A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a glass substrate and a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary wide angle curved portion. The auxiliary wide angle curved portion has a curved recess established at a region of the rear surface of the glass substrate by at least one of grinding and ablating. The curved recess may have a cross-dimension size that is in the range from about 30 millimeters to about 80 millimeters, and may have a radius of curvature that is in the range from about 200 millimeters to about 1,000 millimeters, and may have a maximum recess depth that is in the range from about 0.11 millimeters to about 4.04 millimeters.

Abstract: A light guide has a first surface and a second surface with diffractive structures. A slanted facet is provided at one corner of the light guide. The diffractive structures have concentric fringes centered near the slanted facet. Fringes are arranged such that a light beam directed from the first surface at a location P toward the second surface is diffracted by the fringes only if the beam encounters the diffractive structures at a certain direction. The diffracted beam is guided and exits through the slanted surface at an exiting angle, which is correlated to the location P. If the light guide is illuminated in such a way that when an object is present at the first surface, it changes the light intensity of the exiting light beam. By detecting the exiting angle and the change of light intensity, the location of the object can be determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for effecting and changing optical distortions is disclosed. The apparatus includes a beam imaging apparatus including a first deformable mirror, a second deformable mirror, and a beam-steering apparatus. The beam-steering apparatus includes a plurality of planar tiltable mirrors arranged to define a radiation beam path therebetween, wherein the plurality of planar tiltable mirrors comprises at least three tiltable mirrors. A mirror drive system is configured to tilt each respective planar mirror about its respective axis of rotation or axes of rotation and a controller is configured to control deformation of a reflective surface of the first and the second deformable mirrors.

Abstract: An optical space observation system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a supporting base containing the primary mirror, on which a mechanical structure bearing a support of the secondary mirror is positioned, and an optical measurement means, said mechanical structure comprising a plurality of mechanical arms. The system also has a system comprising a plurality of actuators positioned on the supporting base, said actuators being connected to the lower ends of said mechanical arms and the upper ends of said mechanical arms being connected to the support of the secondary mirror on the periphery of the support. A space telescope is intended to be loaded in a launcher and put into orbit. The invention is intended in particular for a telescope having a deployable secondary mirror and means for active control of the optics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mirror assembly for vehicles comprising a plurality of glass units (24, 32, 12, 14, 20, 22), spatially separated from one another, wherein one glass unit (24, 32) comprises mirror glass (30, 34) and a frame (28, 36) surrounding said mirror glass (30, 34) and one of the glass units (24, 32) has a permanent visual marking (38, 40).

Abstract: The present invention provides a projection apparatus, comprising: a light source; at least one spatial light modulator for modulating illumination light from the light source by a plurality of pixel elements by using different modulation states; a light source control unit performing a modulation control of the light source; and a spatial light modulator control unit generating, from an input image signal, a control signal for driving the spatial light modulator, wherein: the light source control unit has a function of receiving data corresponding to the control signal generated by the spatial light modulator control unit, controlling a parameter of an emission pulse of the illumination light emitted from the light source, and thereby adjusting an emission intensity of the illumination light.

Abstract: As optical elements for bending a light beam when it passes through an element face constituting one plane, a plurality of unit optical elements for reflecting light on one or more mirror surfaces arranged perpendicularly or at an angle nearly perpendicular to the element face are disposed to constitute an optical imaging element. Light emitted from projection object disposed on one side of the element face is reflected on the mirror surface when it passes through the element face so that a real image is formed in a space on the other side of the element face where a physical entity does not exist, thus constituting a display equipped with the optical imaging element. An aerial picture projection system not existing heretofore is also provided.

Abstract: A rear-projection-type display apparatus projects an image formed by a display element with a light beam emitted from a light source on a screen that is larger than the display element through a projection lens. The rear-projection-type display apparatus includes a reflective optical-element group having at least two reflecting mirrors provided between the projection lens and the screen to deflect a light from the projection lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exterior mirror simulation with image data recording and a display of the recorded and improved data for the driver of a motor vehicle. The display on a display device shows the data in a way chosen by the driver or the vehicle manufacturer.

Abstract: Luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) devices are provided herein. The provided LSCs include devices having an oriented luminophore in at least one layer of the LSC device. Other LSC devices include LSCs having both a collector wave guide, incorporating a luminophore, and a transport wave guide, having no luminophore, into which luminesced light from the collector wave guide travels. Additionally, wave guides for use in LSCs are provided that include guided-wave plasmon-polariton modes for improved optical transmission within LSC devices. The devices provided herein, either alone, or in combination, provide improved LSC device performance, particularly with regard to overall device efficiency.

Abstract: Methods, arrays, and systems for the optical analysis of multiple chemical, biological, or biochemical reactions are provided. The invention includes methods for producing arrays of micromirrors on transparent substrates, each micromirror comprising a nanostructure or optical confinement on its top. The arrays are produced by a process in which lateral dimensions of both the nanostructures and micromirrors are defined in a single step, allowing for control of the relative placement of the features on the substrate, minimizing the process-related defects, allowing for improved optical performance and consistency. In some aspects, the invention provides methods of selectively etching large features on a substrate while not concurrently etching small features. In some aspects, the invention provides methods of etching large features on a substrate using hard mask materials.

Abstract: Mirror assemblies according to the present invention comprise a mirror (1) and a facing panel (2) with a sealed gas space (5) therebetween. The mirror (1) may be a mirror comprising a glass substrate (10), a silver coating layer (11) and at least one paint layer (12), or a mirror comprising an organic mirror film (14) bonded to a substrate (13). In the case of a glass mirror, the at least one paint layer (12) faces the sealed gas space (5) and in the case of a mirror comprising an organic mirror film (14), the mirror film faces the sealed gas space (5).

Abstract: An optical system is provided, for example for use with a display device, for varying the shape of a surface in which an image displayed by the display device is perceived. The optical system comprises first and second spaced-apart partial reflectors, at least one of which is switchable between a first non-flat shape and a second different shape, which may be flat or non-flat. The reflectors, together with polarisation optics, provide a light path such that light from the display is at least partially transmitted by the first reflector, partially reflected by the second reflector, partially reflected by the first reflector and partially transmitted by the second reflector. Light which does not follow the light path is prevented from leaving the optical system.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an optical window transmits both an excitation beam to a sample and scattered light from the sample which is within the angular range of the collection optics. Scattered light from the sample outside the angular range of the collection optics is re-directed back to the sample by reflection from one or more surfaces of the apparatus. As a result, the magnitude of scattered light collected is increased.

Abstract: A mirror that provides a rearview reflection is described. The rearview mirror (“RM”) may include a housing and a first mirror. The RM may further include a mounting assembly configured to couple a first portion of the housing to a surface and a securing mechanism to couple the first mirror to a second portion of the housing, where the first mirror is configured to provide a rearview reflection of an individual and/or object positioned in front of a second mirror. The first mirror may be angled. The RM may include one or more lights coupled to the housing. The RM may further include a storage unit. The angle of the first mirror may be controlled manually, mechanically, and/or electronically. The lights may be activated manually, mechanically, and/or electronically.

Abstract: A micromirror of a micromirror array in an illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus can be tilted through a respective tilt angle about two tilt axes. The micromirror is assigned three actuators which can respectively be driven by control signals in order to tilt the micromirror about the two tilt axes. Two control variables are specified, each of which is assigned to one tilt axis and which are both assigned to unperturbed tilt angles. For any desired combinations of the two control variables, as a function of the two control variables, one of the three actuators is selected and its control signal is set to a constant value, in particular zero. The control signals are determined so that, when the control signals are applied to the other two actuators, the micromirror adopts the unperturbed tilt angles as a function of the two control variables.

Abstract: A system for measuring angles includes a housing and an imaging device disposed in the housing. The system also includes a first optical element disposed in the housing and configured to receive light propagating from a first target along a first optical path and direct the light toward the imaging device and receive light propagating from a second target along a second optical path and direct the light toward the imaging device. The system further includes a processor in electrical communication with the imaging device and configured to receive data from the imaging device, compute a 360° angular map based on the received data, and determine an angular separation between the first target and the second target.

Abstract: A reflector assembly includes a frame that maintains the integrity and shape of a multi-member reflector for a recessed luminaire. The members of the reflector are arranged in a geometric form, such as a rectangle. The frame is disposed around the reflector. The frame includes at least one integral member manipulated around a joint formed between adjacent members of the reflector. For example, the integral member can include a clamp or tab. The frame and the integral member secure the positions of the members of the reflector relative to one another and prevent light from leaking through joints between the members. One or more connectors are coupled to the frame for connecting the reflector assembly to a lighting fixture. For example, each connector can include a torsion spring coupled to a lever configured to engage a corresponding catch of a collar on the lighting fixture.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging device and alignment/scanning system include at least one multilayer X-ray mirror mounted on a multi-axis adjustable mirror mount pivotable about a scanning axis. A mirror scanner is coupled with the mirror mount and synchronized with the X-ray source so that the mirror scanner moves the mirror mount about the scanning axis. The invention may include a plurality of mirrors, optionally in a stack, and preferably including first and second mirrors respectively adapted to reflect X-rays of first and second energies. A movable attenuation plate having a window selectively allows X-rays to be transmitted by one of the mirrors and blocks X-rays from the other mirror(s). Sets of the mirrors may be configured in blocks or interspersed. The mirror scanner may be operable at variable speeds to enable selective control of the scanning speed of the mirror.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a plurality of mirrors configured to image an object field in an object plane of the imaging optical system into an image field in an image plane of the imaging optical system. An illumination system includes such an imaging optical system. The transmission losses of the illumination system are relatively low.

Abstract: A mirror module for fastening to a structural element, comprises a mirror arrangement that includes at least one mirror stack and a first receiving device for holding the mirror arrangement. Each of the at least one mirror stack comprises at least one individual mirror made of a first material. The first receiving device is made of a second material which has a coefficient of thermal expansion adapted to the first material. For fastening the mirror module to the structural element, a second receiving device made of Invar is provided which holds the first receiving device of the mirror module.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus for reducing adherence in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) device comprises a substrate. A MEMS is disposed outwardly from the substrate. The MEMS comprises structures and corresponding landing pads. Dibs are disposed outwardly from the substrate. Each dib has a surface with depressions. An adherence-reducing material is disposed within each depression. The adherence-reducing material reduces adherence between at least a portion of a structure and a corresponding landing pad.

Abstract: Exterior solar shading comprises at least one elongate rigid light-transmissible louver. The louver has an infra-red filter element which prevents or limits the transmission of infra-red energy, and a light redirection element which reflect visible light passing through the louver. The light redirecting element is integrally formed in a major surface of an outer louver element of the louver. Preferably, the light redirecting element is a plurality of formations such as recesses, for example, grooves, or projections, which may preferably have at least one mirrored surface.

Abstract: In a projection optical system for use in an image projection apparatus illuminating an image display panel forming an image in accordance with a modulating signal with illumination light from a light source, the projection optical system includes first and second optical systems arranged along an optical path defining an upstream-downstream direction in the order described from upstream to downstream on the downstream side of the image display panel. The first optical system includes at least one dioptric system and has positive power. The second optical system includes at least one reflecting surface having power and has positive power. The image formed by the image display panel is formed as an intermediate image in the optical path, and the intermediate image is magnified and projected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for detecting and communicating the position of a pusher assembly on a shelf. In an embodiment, a system includes a control module, a pusher assembly, and a laser scanner. The laser scanner is configured to transmit a swept beam to a mirrored reflective surface located behind the pusher assembly. The control module analyzes the laser beam at the laser scanner to detect the position of the pusher assembly on the shelf. In another embodiment, a system includes a control module, a pusher assembly, and an infrared transceiver that sends and receives infrared signals. The transceiver may be located behind the pusher assembly. The control module analyzes the infrared signals to determine the position of the pusher assembly on the shelf.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for converting writing on surface to digital signal for further processing. A specially designed object which is a very cost effective passive method, helps to identify true multiple passive writing instruments writing at the same time, and can works with most passive writing instruments including human finger, pen, stick, chopstick, laser pointer and any pen a-like objects as well as regular pens. Laser pointer light beam can be identified as a writing instrument and can function similarly as a mouse function or other functions. A reflection mirrors system makes the system flexible and adjustable to work with any existing writing area at any size and can be a true portable system. An additional light sub-system enhances the captured image at any ambient light condition. A laser sub-system helps for easier installation and setup.

Abstract: The present invention is a rear view mirror provided on a vehicle with a flat glass reflective panel section, a plurality of convect-shaped curved outer and lower edges disposed onto flat glass reflective panel section that provide a clear view to a rear side of a vehicle, into a blind spot and also at ground level and a convect-shaped edge rear view mirror housing that is fitted with said flat-glass reflective panel section that is curved forward along the curved outer and lower edges. The rear view mirror can also be provided as a complete rear view mirror replacement on an aftermarket vehicle. There is also a method of using a convected-shape edge rear view mirror as well.

Abstract: A true safe mirror is provided for a motor vehicle. The true safe mirror is a wedge shaped member which has an approximate two to three degree (2°-3°) angle to increase the vision of a driver. The mirror can be attached to an existing motor vehicle mirror, thereby providing a better field of visibility to eliminate blind spots. The true safe mirror gives the driver a wider and more accurate view of surrounding objects without any distortion. The mirror can also be a plate shaped member having a front reflective surface. The plate shaped member is encased within a housing carried by the motor vehicle. The plate shaped member has a first portion bent outwardly at a slight angle with respect to a second portion of the plate shaped member to help increase the vision of the driver of the motor vehicle to eliminate blind spots.

Abstract: In a projection type display apparatus for enabling to display an image, by projecting an image on an image display element(s), enlargedly, upon a nearly horizontal surface, such as, a table, a reflection mirror for reflecting a light from a light source is so disposed that an optical axis of the light source is nearly perpendicular to an optical axis of a lens group having a plural number of lens elements, which are disposed symmetric with respect to the optical axis.

Abstract: With the light-emitting side focal point F1 of a three-dimensional elliptical reflecting body A being on the side of a rotating body, the light-receiving side focal point F2 being on the side of a fixed body, the condensing action from the F1 to F2 is used to configure an optical path from a rotating-side light-emitting element A set at F1, via a fixed-side elliptical partial mirror in which a portion of the three-dimensional elliptical body is used as a mirror face, to a fixed-side light-receiving element A set at F2, and to configure a simultaneous bidirectional single-channel optical path from a fixed-side light-emitting element A set at F1 of a three-dimensional elliptical reflecting body B, via a rotating-side elliptical partial mirror, to a rotating-side light-receiving element A set at F2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an add-drop multiplexer that receives an optical signal having a plurality of channels. The multiplexer spatially separates the channels, and a spatial light modulator within the multiplexer, which in some embodiments is a switched blazed grating, routes the channels along first or second paths according to whether the particular channels are to be sent along as a part of an output communication signal or “dropped” into a dropped-channel optical communications signal. The add-drop multiplexer is also operable to receive optical channels to be added to an optical signal and to use a spatial light modulator to add those optical signals to that optical signal.

Abstract: An on-vehicle multidirectional visual-recognition device includes a first visual-recognition mechanism including a front door window and a door mirror of a door mirror mechanism. A second visual-recognition mechanism includes a first mirror provided in a door-mirror housing of the door mirror mechanism so as to show a range from a side of a vehicle including an area below the door mirror mechanism to a front side of the vehicle. A sub window transmits light reflected by the first mirror and extends continuously from the front door window toward the front side of the vehicle via a frame. A second mirror reflects the light transmitted through the sub window toward a vehicle occupant. Brightness of the light to be received by the vehicle occupant is set substantially equal to brightness of the light at the first visual-recognition mechanism.

Abstract: A solar energy reflection plate for suppressing global warming of the present invention has a reflection plate so installed on a ground surface that the reflection surface thereof is positioned horizontally to the ground surface. Further, the solar energy reflection plate for suppressing global warming of the present invention has a reflection plate, and a base for fixing the reflection plate so as to tilt the reflection surface thereof at a desired angle in relative to the ground surface. Further, the desired angle is such an angle that when a sun altitude in a region where the reflection plate is installed becomes maximum, sunlight is reflected in a direction perpendicular to the ground surface of the region.

Abstract: A solar energy greenhouse includes a main structure, a roof structure disposed on the main structure and a plurality of thin-film solar cell assemblies which are disposed on the roof structure in an unequal gap defined there between. The thin-film solar cell assemblies can absorb sunlight and generate electrical energy. The unequal gaps between the thin-film solar cell assemblies are determined from the radiation angle of the sunlight and the position of plants in the solar energy greenhouse, so the amount that the sunlight radiates on the thin-film solar cell assemblies and the plants can achieve a better distribution, which improves the amount of electrical energy generated by the thin-film solar cell assemblies and the rates of growth of the plants.

Abstract: A visual aid comprising: (a) a frame having a fastener allowing selective coupling of the frame to a barrel of a firearm, the frame having a trigger end, a barrel end opposing the trigger end and first and second opposed lateral ends, the frame having coordinate system comprising, (i) a longitudinal axis running through the trigger and barrel ends of the frame, the longitudinal axis having a positive direction from an origin on the frame towards the barrel end and a negative direction from the origin on the frame towards the trigger end, (ii) a lateral axis running through the first and second opposed lateral ends and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the lateral axis having a positive direction from the origin on the frame towards the first lateral end and a negative direction from the origin on the frame towards the second lateral end, and (iii) a vertical axis perpendicular to the longitudinal and lateral axes, the vertical axis having a positive direction above the frame and a negative direction bel

Abstract: A mirror element comprising a front element, a rear element, electrochromic material therebetween, and a spotter optic located at the rear surface of the front element. At least a portion of the spotter optic has a first radius of curvature and at least a portion of the front surface of the front element has a greater second radius of curvature. A line perpendicular to the front surface extends through both the electrochromic material and the spotter optic. A first electrode coating and a second electrode coating are activated to activate the electrochromic material in order to dim a reflection off of the mirror element. A reflective coating of the spotter optic can form a portion of the first electrode coating. The first electrode coating and the reflective coating can overlap.