Abstract: The present invention provides a fluidized bed device for handling fine particles as a fluidized bed in a medicine manufacturing process, a cosmetic manufacturing process, a food manufacturing process, a chemical manufacturing process and the like, wherein influence of static electricity is suppressed, and a method for neutralizing the static electricity using that device. The fluidized bed device includes an X-ray irradiation unit for irradiating fine particles in the fluidized bed device with X-rays.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charge neutralizer for accurately irradiating a soft X ray into a narrow gap after a glass substrate is lifted up. A soft X ray is introduced into a gap “d” from a soft X ray charge neutralizer 14, and the soft X ray is detected by a soft X ray optical axis monitor 16. Mounting position adjusting means 15 is adjusted by a detection output from said soft X ray optical axis monitor, and optical axis alignment is performed. Next, according to information from a database 19, a control unit 17 controls gap adjusting means 13, and charge neutralization is performed. Charge neutralization can also be performed by controlling the gap “d” by the gap adjusting means 13 while judging neutralizing conditions as to whether a charged potential measured by an electrometer 18 is within an allowable value by the control unit 17 or not.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method is provided including a plurality of test pins, a static dissipative layer having a plurality of openings, and a plurality of support features coupled to the static dissipative layer to movably support the static dissipative layer at a first and a second relative position. The support features enable the static dissipative layer to make initial contact with terminals of a component to be tested to discharge static, if any, built up at the terminals of the component while the static dissipative layer is supported at the first relative position. The support features also enable the static dissipative layer to expose the test pins through the openings to make contact with the terminals of the component after the static dissipative layer had made initial contact with the terminals of the component at the first relative position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an electrostatic brush for an electrical device or a hand-held tool; and, the electrostatic brush can be eaily fabricated and contains electrostatic lines to be used with ease.

Abstract: In an image displaying apparatus, comprising: a large-size housing; and a panel module 100, having a thin plate-like 110 frame having a rectangular shape in an outer configuration thereof, and a display element, which is mounted on the frame, and being attached on the housing, wherein on a flange portion 111, which is formed along with an outer periphery of said thin plate-like frame building up the panel module, is further formed a reinforcement portion 112, through bending that flange portion into a predetermined shape in the cross-section configuration thereof, through a squeezing process, or pipe-like members 400 fixed along the outer periphery of the frame, and “L”-shaped members 420, each being fixed between the cylindrical members neighboring with each other, thereby providing the structures of the panel module, being superior in the mechanical strength thereof, in spite of an increase of area thereof, simply and cheaply.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for removing a static electricity thereof are provided. The method for removing a static electricity includes performing a switching operation to transmit a signal output from an interface, which is communicably connected to an external device, to a signal processor or cut off the signal from being transmitted to the signal processor, and based on this switching operation, performing a switching operation to supply a bias power to the signal processor or cut off a supply of power to the signal processor. Accordingly, a static electricity signal is grounded using a switch based on an operation state of the electronic device such that a static electricity shock and static electricity noise can be prevented from affecting the electronic device.

Abstract: An electricity-conducting roller includes a hub joined to a lower end of a frame of a vehicle, and an electricity-conducting roller module; a wheel of the vehicle is fitted on the hub, and the electricity-conducting roller module is fitted to a bottom of the hub, and comprises a fixed supporting member secured to the bottom of the hub, an electricity-conducting roller, a swinging support member pivoted on the fixed support member for holding the electricity-conducting roller in position, and an elastic element to bias the swinging support member downwards in order for the electricity-conducting roller to be in constant touch with the floor; the swinging support member will swing up and down while the vehicle is moving on an uneven floor, thus preventing the electricity-conducting roller from being obstructed by bumps and holes on the uneven floor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a semiconductor integrated circuit package that includes a substrate having an integrated circuit die attached thereto. The package includes a ESD shield attached to the substrate. The ESD shield configured to increase the ESD hardness of the package. The ESD shield can further serve to stiffen the package to prevent warping and operate as a heat spreader.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a lightning protection device of a windmill blade, comprising a tip receptor assembly having receptors which are mounted, in particular to, the tip end part of the blade where the blade profile becomes smaller, and having a simple structure so as to be readily assembled, and an intermediate receptor assembly having a receptor which is set at the outer surface of the blade so as to exhibit an effective countermeasure against increasing of the air pressure in the blade upon a lightning striking upon the blade, a lightening current being discharged to the ground from the receptors through connection equipment such as lead wires laid through the inside of the blade the windmill body and bypass brushes, characterized in that a base plate made of an electrically conductive material and connected thereto with the lead wires is embedded in the blade, and the receptors are secured and supported to the base plate, being exposed at the outer surface of the blade.

Abstract: A circuit board includes: an input terminal for inputting a signal from an external circuit; a first land and a second land; and an electrostatic-charge absorbing conductor for absorbing an electrostatic charge. The first land is electrically connected to the input terminal. The second land is separated from the first land by a predetermined distance therebetween. A distance between the electrostatic-charge absorbing conductor and the first land is shorter than a distance between the first land and the second land. In the circuit board, the electrostatic charge is effectively absorbed into the electrostatic-charge absorbing conductor through the first land so that the electrostatic charge is prevented from negatively affecting on electric parts on the board.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes at least one signal contact, a housing, and a discharge circuit arrangement. The housing defines a receptacle configured to receive a part of a cable assembly. The signal contact is disposed within the receptacle, and is configured to contact a first contact of the cable assembly when the cable assembly is received in the receptacle such that a signal may pass between the at least one signal contact and the first contact. The discharge circuit arrangement is at least partially disposed on the housing, and includes at least one discharge conductor that contacts the first contact and discharges an electrical charge associated with the first contact through a discharge circuit before the first contact contacts the signal contact.

Abstract: A static eliminator comprises at least one discharge needle for generating ions to eliminate static charge. A first hollow cylinder includes at least one opening for ions generated by the discharge needle to be emitted outside and provided with brushes for cleaning the discharge needle. A second hollow cylinder is provided with the discharge needle and rotatably disposed inside the first hollow cylinder. A discharge needle rotating mechanism is provided for causing to rotate the second hollow cylinder around the axis thereof to clean the discharge needle by wiping the discharge needle with the brushes.

Abstract: Ions for neutralizing electrostatic charge on an object are generated and delivered in a stream of gas flowing through a dielectric channel that surrounds a loop of conductive filament which forms an ionizing electrode. The loop is formed within a single plane, or within multiple planes, and is supported within the channel with a plane of the loop substantially aligned with flow of gas through the channel. A region of minimum field intensity within the bounded region of the loop electrode is oriented in alignment with substantially maximum velocity of gas flow through a cross section of the dielectric channel.

Abstract: A dual reactive shunt feedback low noise amplifier design may include a transconductance amplifier having a capacitor coupled across it and a pair of coupled inductors coupled across it. In one embodiment, the coupled inductors may be laid out as two overlapping coils.

Abstract: To provide a wheeled moving body incorporating electrostatic protection measures and capable of constantly monitoring its grounding condition, and a grounding condition monitoring system for the same. An electrostatic conductive mat 14 on a cart 10 is connected to an electrostatic conductive wheel 12 for grounding, and one end of an ohm meter (or volt meter) 18 mounted on the cart 10 is connected to the electrostatic conductive mat 14, while the other end is grounded by connecting it to a conductive wheel 24 insulated from the cart 10 by an insulating plate 13.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device that can be readily installed in any type of footwear, and that when installed enables a semi-continuous grounding path through the shoe of the wearer to an earthly source to dissipate static electricity. The present invention consists of a collection pad, an electrical path to a resistor, and continues that path to an earthly ground that prevents, or greatly reduces, electro static discharge (ESD) in personnel and their clothing when they are wearing shoes with insulative-soles. Alternatively a single resistor wire is employed to conduct static electricity to ground. This device is intended to increase the comfort level of the wearer of such shoes by eliminating, or greatly reducing the harmful and annoying effects of ESD without having any affect on the cosmetic appearance or the functionality of the shoe.

Abstract: There is provided a static eliminator which comprises an ion generating portion in the form of tape. There is also provided a self-discharged static eliminator comprising an conductor provided with discharge whiskers in which the conductor is applied with a predetermined voltage. There is also provided a DC type of self-discharged fiber-like static eliminator which comprises plus fiber electrodes applied with plus voltage, minus fiber electrodes applied with minus voltage, a support disposed between the plus and minus electrodes for supporting the plus and minus electrodes and provided with insulation reserving member for preventing the spark discharge or short due to the access of the plus and minus electrodes.

Abstract: A lightning protection device for reducing exposure of an object to be protected from conventional and upward lightning strikes. The device includes a support structure adapted to be grounded and space charge producing conductors wound around the support structure and forming coils for producing space charge of opposite polarity to a cloud charge, in a proximity of the object to be protected. The space charge induces a charge on the object to be protected of an opposite polarity to a charge induced on the object to be protected by the cloud charge and inhibits a formation of streamers from the object to be protected. Each space charge producing conductor has a diameter not exceeding 0.1 mm for reducing a corona inception voltage of the support structure upon which each space charge producing conductor is wound, in both dry and wet conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement comprising at least one high potential electrode with a high potential in terms of absolute value, e.g. comprising substantially sharp edges and which may be exposed to a high electrostatic field or a high potential. It comprises at least one low potential electrode means or balancing electrode Q mean said low or balancing potential electrode means being provided at a distance from said at least one high potential electrode and at least one resistive arrangement connecting each of said high potential electrode(s) with each respective Q adjacent low or balancing potential electrode means. Said resistive arrangement(s) has a low conductivity but Q is non-isolating, such that a substantially linear voltage drop is provided between said high potential electrode(s) and said low or balancing potential electrode(s) to suppress peak-fields generated in the vicinity of any of the electrode(s).

Abstract: A multiple electricity conducting wheel is fitted to a vehicle and interposed between two wheel bodies of a wheel of the vehicle, and includes first and second holding members, and a small-diameter electricity conducting roller with an axle supported with the second holding member; the first holding member contains the second holding member, and has two opposing slots, through which the axle of the roller is passed; the second holding member is biased downwards by a spring so as to ensure that the electricity conducting roller will be constantly in contact with the floor; the spring is positioned around a rod part, which is passed through tops of the first and the second holding members, and joined to a metallic hub of the vehicle wheel; thus, static electricity carried on the vehicle can travel to the floor through the electricity conducting wheel.

Abstract: A grounding mechanism for an electrical appliance comprising a conducting plate capable of electrical contact with an electrical component of an electrical product. The grounding mechanism also comprises a non-conducting fastener capable of mounting the conducting plate to a chassis of the electrical product, and a grounding element capable of connection with the conducting plate from an exterior of the chassis to electrically ground the conducting plate to the chassis.

Abstract: The present invention describes ESD apparatus, methods of forming the same, and methods of providing ESD protection. In certain aspects, the invention achieves the desired turn-on voltage and maintains low leakage in the ESD apparatus, and the methods of providing ESD protection. In one aspect, a zener diode that has a positive trigger voltage is used to quickly turn-on a transistor. In another aspect, different zener diodes that have positive and negative trigger voltages, respectively, are used to quickly turn on a transistor. In still another aspect, a linearly graded P-region is used to implement the ESD device of the present invention.

Abstract: A static electricity protective circuit for use in a high-frequency apparatus for protecting, against static electricity, an internal circuit connected to a signal terminal through which a high-frequency signal and a DC signal are superimposed and transmitted, comprises a high-frequency cut-off element having one end thereof connected to the signal terminal, and a Schottky barrier diode having a cathode thereof connected to other end of the high-frequency cut-off element and an anode thereof connected to ground, wherein the high-frequency cut-off element and the Schottky barrier diode cut off the high-frequency signal and the DC signal respectively and lead static electricity applied to the signal terminal to ground so as to protect the internal circuit against the static electricity.

Abstract: A protective shield that may be secured to an electrical racking rod of the type used for performing electrical work on various types of energized electrical equipment. The protective shield includes a transparent plate formed of an impact resistant, fire retardant material; a clamping mechanism secured to the plate and at least one adaptor for securing the racking rod to the plate. The adaptor is engaged by the clamping mechanism to secure the racking rod to the plate. The protective shield provides physical protection to workers when removing or resetting electrical circuit breakers by acting as a barrier between the worker and the equipment while providing complete visibility to the task being performed. A plurality of adaptors may be provided to enable the plate to be utilized with any one of a plurality of different diameter racking rods.

Abstract: A keypad device having a circuit of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is disclosed. The circuit has n and m numbers of column conductive lines and row conductive lines formed on the print circuit board wherein at least one column or row conductive line is connected to the ground and the others are, respectively, connected to the data input terminals and data output terminals of the keypad encoder. The intersections between the column (row) line which is grounded and the row (column) lines are designed for those keys, which are readily attacked by ESD such as the side keys.

Abstract: A system for decharging a wafer or substrate disposed on an electrostatic chuck, includes a capacitance detector for measuring a capacitance between the electrostatic chuck and the wafer or substrate, and a decharging voltage calculator for calculating a decharging voltage based at least in part on the capacitance measured by the capacitance detector. The decharging voltage calculated by the decharging voltage calculator of the system is applied to the electrostatic chuck after dechucking to substantially neutralize electrostatic charges on the wafer or substrate.

Abstract: A lightning protection system having a sensor for detecting a polarity of atmospheric charges, a direct current power supply, a controller interactively connected to the power supply and to the sensor so as to select a polarity of the direct current in relation to polarity of atmospheric charges, a first lead connected to one location on the structure, and a second lead connected to another location on the structure such that direct current passes from the first lead to the second lead. The controller selects a polarity of the direct current that is opposite to the polarity of the atmospheric charges sensed by the sensor.

Abstract: An anti-static wrist band includes: a band, a first electrode supported on the band, a first conductive gel disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode supported on the band and insulated from the first electrode and the first conductive gel, and a second conductive gel insulated from the first electrode and the first conductive gel and disposed on the second electrode.

Abstract: To provide an ionizer wherein an air flow path in a hollow casing is formed so as to be pressure-resistant while ensuring an effective cross sectional area without becoming voluminous, and the flow path is ensured simply and easily. In an ionizer including a hollow casing that contains a high voltage power unit and a control unit inside, along the longitudinal direction of the casing, a plurality of electrode units each including needle electrodes and an air outlet for blowing out an air stream around the needle electrodes are arranged in a line. A part along the longitudinal direction of the hollow casing is formed of a synthetic resin, and a resin casing composed of the synthetic resin is integrally formed with a conduit of an air flow path extending in the longitudinal direction of the casing so that a part of the inner wall of the resin casing serves as a wall of the conduit and that the air flow path communicates with the air outlet.

Abstract: At least two sets of ion-generating means are provided to face each other through a space having an insulating sheet. The first and second surfaces of the sheet are simultaneously irradiated with monopolar ion clouds substantially opposite to each other in polarity generated from the ion-generating means. The sheet is subsequently irradiated with monopolar ion clouds reverse in polarity to that of the previously applied ion clouds, to eliminate the positive and negative charges of both the surfaces of the insulating sheet.

Abstract: A feedback architecture for ionizers that allows simultaneous adjustment of positive and negative ionizer power supplies. Balance and swing data are fed back to the ionizer through an intermediate module, which permits an extra level of signal processing. Swing information is returned to both power supplies in negative feedback mode. If swing is too high, both power supplies lower output. Balance is fed back in both negative and positive feedback mode. This architecture is compatible with multiple sensors and multiple ionizers.

Abstract: An electrostatic shield (10) for use in a portable electronic device (A or B) includes a base (12), a conductive layer (14), and an electroplate layer (16). The conductive layer is formed on the base. The electroplate layer is formed on the conductive layer and defines an aperture (162) therethrough. A portion of the conductive layer is revealed/exposed through the electroplate layer via the aperture. A method for fabricating the electrostatic shield is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic discharge device for a portable terminal including a main body mounted within the portable terminal. The main body includes a conductor coated with an insulator around the external circumference thereof. In addition, the main body also includes at least one electricity reception portion formed by partially removing the insulator so as to expose the conductor, and an electricity release portion formed by an end of the insulator so as to expose the conductor, wherein the electrostatic electricity generated within the terminal is applied to the electricity reception portion and guided through the conductor. The electrostatic discharge device can be easily installed within the terminal at or adjacent to a position where electrostatic electricity is generated, thereby contributing to miniaturization of a portable terminal.

Abstract: An electrical insulating device for a linear component forming part of a fuel system subjected to risks of possible external electrical discharges formed by a part (13) made of insulating material attached to two metal flanges (15, 17) that allow inserting the device (11) between two parts of said linear component, said part (13) being formed by a cylindrical body (21) with a castellated crown (23) on its outer side, formed by longitudinal (25) and transverse (27) segments, and said metal flanges (15, 17) having transverse projections (31, 33) facing the transverse segments (27) of the castellated crown (23) for facilitating their attachment by suitable means (39).

Abstract: A system is provided for dissipating electrical charges that build on a rotatable shaft extending from an electrically-grounded motor housing or rotating shafts conductively linked to components that create and electrical charge, such as wind turbine blades, power generator turbines, and the like. The system includes a frame defining a central opening wherein the rotatable shaft is positioned with the central opening, a first grounding fiber secured within the frame, and a fiber clamp positioned with the frame. The fiber clamp acts to urge the first grounding fiber toward the central opening. The system may also include a mounting bracket having a frame mounting channel, wherein a portion of the frame is securely retained within the frame mounting channel, and an installation guide positioned on the mounting bracket. The installation guide may be configured to properly align the frame and the first grounding fiber relative to the rotatable motor shaft.

Abstract: A charge eliminating mechanism of the invention includes a mechanical switching mechanism (e.g., a POGO pin), and a wiring line so connected as to be able to be electrically connected to the POGO pin. The wiring line can include a resistor. A block holds the POGO pin. The POGO pin comes into contact with a charge eliminating plate provided on a stage, so that the static electricity of the stage is discharged to ground.

Abstract: An alarm device is provided for monitoring a level of static electricity on an object. The alarm device includes a detection unit and an alarm unit. The detection unit detects the level of static electricity on the object and generates a detection signal accordingly. The alarm unit, coupled between a power source and the detection unit, generates a warning signal in response to the detection signal when the detected level of static electricity exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A circuit element includes a foam pad having a plurality of electrically conductive granules some of which are in electrical contact with each other and some of which are spaced apart from each other and an electrical path defined through the pad by the granules. The pad has a very high resistance which is a function of the geometry of the pad as well as the electrical path. The pad can be used to dissipate ESD as well as a resistor element. The pad is very versatile and can be used in a large number of situations and in conjunction with other circuit elements.

Abstract: A system and method for removing energy from tornados and hurricanes whereby the formation of a tornado is prevented or the force of the tornado or hurricane is substantially decreased. The system comprises superconducting donuts not requiring cryogenic cooling for producing magnetic fields, high permeability posts mounted on the ground in positions at the center of the donuts for developing artificial lightning that can be directed toward the tornado or adjacent clouds to remove energy from the tornado or hurricane.

Abstract: A static eliminator generates ions by applying positive and negative high voltages to a discharge electrode of a discharge head. The static eliminator includes a high voltage power supply unit including a high voltage power supply circuit and a high voltage cable for supplying a high voltage generated in the high voltage power supply unit to the discharge head. The discharge head includes a tubular insulator disposed surrounding the discharge electrode, and a tubular ground electrode placed on an outer periphery side of the insulator. Further, the discharge head includes an electrode holding part for supporting the discharge electrode with the discharge electrode piercing in a deep part of the tubular insulator.

Abstract: Lightning strike protection system for aircraft fuel tanks made of low electrical conductivity composite material. The system comprises an electrical conductive thin wire mesh (1) that covers the whole external surface of the tank outer skin (I) made of composite and a thick wire metallic mesh (2) overlapping the mesh (1) at a minimum distance of 50 mm to both sides of a row of fasteners (III) joining the said outer skin (I) to one internal part (II) of either composite or metallic material. Both metallic meshes (1, 2) maintain electrical contact by their installation/assembly and by means of metallic countersunk head washers (3) connected to bonding points and set to the gap existing between the fastener (III) and the outer skin (I). The corresponding fabrication process is also described.

Abstract: An adjustable static current discharging bracelet includes a main body of inverse U-shaped section, a medium static current collector under the top of the main body and riveted to a protruding rod, a positioning device under the medium static current collector, a lower static current collector under the positioning device, a link having one end connected fixedly with the medium and lower static current collectors and the inlaid holes of the main body, and the other end connected to one end of the positioning device which has a pair of elastic retaining blocks engaged with a pair of serrated alignments of the main body. When press a pair of buttons inward to disengaged the elastic retaining blocks with a pair of serrated alignments of the main body, the positioning device together with one end of the link enable to slide on a pair of slender guides of the main body to adjust the length of the link.

Abstract: A lightning protection appliqué incorporates a plurality of conductive plies adhesively affixed to a composite surface, at least a first one of the plies providing conductive characteristics sufficient to divert electrical energy from a lightning strike and at least a second one of the plies comprising operational circuitry. A dielectric ply is fixed to the composite surface over and completely covering at least one metal surface feature between the plurality of conductive plies and the composite surface.

Abstract: Conductive coatings usable for coating various elements of corona generating devices and method of forming such coatings are provided. The coatings include graphite and at least one transition metal oxide catalyst. When the conductive coatings are employed in elements of corona generating devices and the devices are activated, the conductivity of the elements is maintained in a manner that preserves the ability of a photoreceptor in an image forming device to retain an image charge in a fashion sufficient to allow subsequent development with toner. The coatings also function to scavenge ozone and neutralize nitrogen oxides formed during operation of corona generating devices. Corona generating devices including elements having such coatings are also provided.

Abstract: An Electrical Static Discharge (ESD) system comprises a user-accessible subsystem (for example, a first gasoline pump), a local ground, a resistor-fuse element, and a main ground. The local ground dissipates a static electric charge from the user-accessible subsystem. The resistor-fuse element conducts the static electric charge from the local ground, and limits a reverse electric current to the local ground. A main ground receives and dissipates the static electric charge from the resistor-fuse element.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of supplying an analog input signal higher than or equal to an operating power supply voltage. An electrostatic discharge protection circuit corresponding to the analog input signal is provided for an external terminal that is supplied with an analog input signal generated with a first power supply voltage. A voltage divider resistor divides the analog input signal passing through the electrostatic discharge protection circuit into a voltage corresponding to a second power supply voltage lower that the first power supply voltage. An input circuit operating on the second power supply voltage receives the analog input signal divided by the voltage divider resistor to form an internal analog signal. There are provided first and second unidirectional elements. The first unidirectional element passes current from the input circuit's input terminal to the second power supply voltage.

Abstract: A clamping circuit is provided, which may clamp a voltage at a node of a circuit to a stable level by using a transistor already included in the circuit. The clamping circuit may clamp a voltage at a first node of a circuit inside a semiconductor chip to a more stable level when electro-static discharge (ESD) occurs. The clamping circuit may include a transistor and a capacitive element to store a control voltage to turn on the transistor in response to ESD.

Abstract: A fuel-discharge protection system is provided herein to prevent electrostatic hazard when a tank truck is discharging fuel into a reservoir. This invention mainly contains an oil-valve switch device, a driving device, and an electrostatic detection and control device. The fuel is discharged from the tank truck into the reservoir through the oil-valve switch device. The electrostatic detection and control device monitors the ground resistance and the electrostatic voltage of the tank truck during the entire process of fuel discharge. The electrostatic detection and control device, by controlling the driving device, opens the valve of the oil-valve switch device to allow fuel discharged into the reservoir only when the ground resistance and the electrostatic voltage of the tank truck are within respective safety ranges.

Abstract: There is provided a static eliminator which comprises an ion generating portion in the form of tape. There is also provided a self-discharged static eliminator comprising an conductor provided with discharge whiskers in which the conductor is applied with a predetermined voltage. There is also provided a DC type of self-discharged fiber-like static eliminator which comprises plus fiber electrodes applied with plus voltage, minus fiber electrodes applied with minus voltage, a support disposed between the plus and minus electrodes for supporting the plus and minus electrodes and provided with insulation reserving member for preventing the spark discharge or short due to the access of the plus and minus electrodes.

Abstract: Ionizers are monitored and controlled by a small remote sensor that can read the same as a charge plate monitor located at a different location. Balance amplification to compensate for the remote sensor's small size maintains accuracy. Balance and swing are measured directly. Balance pre-amplification, smoothing, and remote offset correlation is accomplished with signal-processing modules based on historical data. The signal-processing modules are embedded into a microprocessor.