Abstract: The instant article of manufacture is made by applying optical energy to one or more layers of nanoparticulate materials under predetermined conditions to produce a nanostructure. The nanostructure has layers of optically fused nanoparticles including a predetermined pore density, a predetermined pore size, or both. The predetermined conditions for applying the optical energy may include a predetermined voltage, a predetermined duration, a predetermined power density, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: There is provided an electric double layer capacitor package and a method of manufacturing the same. The electric double layer capacitor package includes an exterior case formed of insulating resin and having therein one or more partitions providing a plurality of housing spaces; a plurality of capacitor cells disposed in the plurality of housing spaces, respectively, each capacitor cell including first and second electrodes and a separator interposed between the first and second electrodes; and an internal series-connection terminal buried in each of the partitions and connecting the plurality of capacitor cells in series.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte highly reliable in charge and discharge in a high voltage condition, and an electrochemical capacitor using the same. The electrolyte of the present invention includes a solvent, an electrolyte salt having an anion having a perfluoro alkyl group represented by a following composition formula, and an acid inducing substance having a fluorine atom for an anion, characterized in that the weight ratio of the acid inducing substance is in a range of 0.0001 to 2.0 wt %: MX+[Q(Rf)yFz]X? (wherein Q is a group 13 or group 15 element in the periodic table, Rf is a perfluoro alkyl group (CnF2n+1), n is a natural number, 1?y<6, 1?z<6, MX+ is a cation of Xth valence, and X is a natural number from 1 to 3).

Abstract: An intermediate layer of polyurethane containing an electrolyte in a high concentration can be produced with good productivity and an actuator element having high generative force is provided. An actuator has a pair of electrode layers and an intermediate layer disposed between the pair of electrode layers and containing an electrolyte and polyurethane, in which the actuator deforms when a voltage is applied between the electrode layers, the content of the electrolyte in the intermediate layer is 60 wt % or more and 300 wt % or lower based on the polyurethane, and the polyurethane is obtained by a reaction of at least a compound represented by General Formula (1) and a compound represented by General Formula (2).

Abstract: An electrode active material having a partially crystalline structure in a fine area (short range), a method for preparing the same, and an electrochemical capacitor including the same. The electrode active material having a partially crystalline structure in a fine area (short range) can be prepared by performing heat treatment at a proper temperature. In a case where the electrode active material is used for an electrode of an electrochemical capacitor, the pores as well as the partially crystalline structure, of the electrode active material, can contribute to capacitance, and thus, energy density of the electrochemical capacitor can be significantly improved.

Abstract: Provided is a high power super capacitor including: a bobbin; an electrode assembly being wound into the bobbin to be in a jellyroll type; a conductive connection member being formed in each of one end and another end of the electrode assembly using electric energy; and a plug being inserted into each of one end and another end of the bobbin, and being bonded with the conductive connection member using electric energy to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly.

Abstract: Provided are an electrode structure which is excellent in adhesiveness between an aluminum material as a base material and a dielectric layer and adhesiveness between the dielectric layers and allows a higher capacitance than the conventional one to be obtained, even when a thickness of the dielectric layer is thick; a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned electrode structure; and a capacitor and a battery, each of which includes the above-mentioned electrode structure. An electrode structure comprises: an aluminum material; a dielectric layer formed on a surface of the aluminum material; and an interposing layer formed in at least one part of a region of the surface of the aluminum material between the aluminum material and the dielectric layer and including aluminum and carbon, the dielectric layer includes dielectric particles including valve metal, and an organic substance layer is formed on at least one part of a surface of the dielectric particle.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a lithium ion capacitor, and a lithium ion capacitor manufactured using the method are provided. The method for manufacturing a lithium ion capacitor includes: disposing a lithium metal on a capacitor cell including a cathode, a separation film, and an anode; impregnating the capacitor cell with electrolyte including a lithium salt; changing the cathode and the anode to allow lithium ions within the electrolyte to be occluded into the anode; performing a primary reaction in which the cathode and the lithium metal are short-circuited to emit anions from the cathode and lithium ions from the lithium metal and a secondary reaction that the lithium ions emitted from the lithium metal are occluded into the cathode; and recharging the cathode and the anode to allow the lithium ions, which have been occluded into the cathode and the lithium ions within the electrolyte, to be occluded into the anode.

Abstract: Provided is a hybrid super capacitor using a composite electrode that may enhance equivalent series resistance (ESR) using a carbon nanotube chain. The hybrid super capacitor includes: an anode 11 including an anode oxide layer 11a and an activated carbon layer applied 11b on the anode oxide layer 11a; and a cathode 21 being disposed to face the anode 11. The cathode 21 may include a silicon oxide layer 21a, a lithium titanium oxide layer 21b disposed on the silicon oxide layer 21a, and a carbon nanotube chain CT formed to pass through the silicon oxide layer 21a and the lithium titanium oxide layer 21b to thereby be electrically connected to each other, thereby enhancing ESR and expanding an output density and a lifespan of the hybrid super capacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor consisting of two essentially parallel planar L-shaped or C-shaped metal brackets, formed from a thermally and electrically conductive metal and arranged in such a way as to face inwards, between which two or more capacitor elements are connected electrically and thermally, each containing one or more holes for allowing fixing the capacitor to a heat-sink by a mounting bolt. Each of the brackets may have one or more holes drilled in their parallel members.

Abstract: An electrochemical double layer capacitor utilizing nano-fibers in the electrodes for increased performance. The use of nano-fibers significantly increase the surface area of the opposing electrodes for greater levels of specific energy compared to traditional double layered capacitors using activated carbon.

Abstract: An additive of the formula (1) for use in electrolytic solutions wherein A is —CH(X)— or —C?C(X)—, X being hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, benzoyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, Q1 and Q2 are the same or different and are each alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms or amino having as a substituent alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A, Q1 and Q2 may form a ring structure.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) includes an electric double layer cell and first and second external electrodes. The electric double layer cell includes a separator and at least one first polarizable electrode and at least one second polarizable electrode. The first and second external electrodes are formed at first and second side surfaces of the electric double layer cell facing each other, respectively. The first polarizable electrode includes a first current collection layer and a first active material layer formed on either surface of the first current collection layer facing the separator and the second polarizable electrode includes a second current collection layer and a second active material layer formed on either surface of the second current collection layer facing the separator.

Abstract: Metal getter systems for use in electronic devices are provided. The getter systems taught herein include compartmentalized, metal getter systems for use in electrolytic environments present within electrolytic devices, such as electrolytic capacitors, without the problem of getter passivation. Such systems (50) can include a composite getter system (10) inserted into a central portion of an electrolytic capacitor (50) having a container (51), electrodes (52), and electrical contacts (54,54?).

Abstract: Disclosed is an ionic liquid: wherein: n is 1 or 2; R1 is selected from H and (C1-C6)alkyl; R2 is selected from —(CH2)wO[(CH2)xO(CH2)y]m(CH2)zCH3 and wherein w is 1 to 6, x is 1 to 6, y is 0 to 6, z is 0 to 6, m is 0 to 3 and [w+m(x+y)+z] is less than or equal to 12; and R3 is selected from H and methyl, wherein if n is 1 then R3 is methyl, and if n is 2 then R3 is H. Also disclosed are electrochemical devices and devices employing such electrochemical devices as energy sources.

Abstract: Provided is a high-voltage solid electrolytic capacitor having a rated voltage of several hundreds of volts. After an anodic oxide film layer is formed on a roughened surface of an aluminum foil by way of a first conversion treatment, a hydrated film is formed by way of boiling water immersion; the hydrated film is provided with a second conversion treatment at a formation voltage lower than that of the first conversion treatment such that an anodic foil is formed; and a conductive polymeric layer is formed on a surface of the anodic foil.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor that contains at least one electrochemical cell is provided. The cell contains electrodes (e.g., two electrodes) that each contain a porous matrix of electrochemically-active particles (e.g., carbon). An aqueous-based electrolyte is disposed in contact with the porous matrix. In accordance with the present invention, the electrolyte is provided with an anionic polymer that serves as binding agent for the electrochemically active particles and thus reduces electrolyte loss, especially at higher temperatures. Because the polymer is anionic in nature, it is generally hydrophilic and thus can retain its binding properties in the presence of water. The anionic nature of the polymer also allows it to remain stable in the presence of a corrosive polyprotic acid, which is employed in the electrolyte to enhance charge density. Thus, as a result of the present invention, a capacitor may be formed that is capable of exhibiting good electrical performance (e.g.

Abstract: An electrode for a super-capacitor, a super-capacitor including the electrode, and a method of preparing the electrode in which the electrode includes a conductive substrate; metal nano structures formed on the conductive substrate; and a metal oxide coated on the metal nano structures. The electrode for the super-capacitor increases the capacitance of the super-capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed are hydroxy terminated alkylsilane ethers with oligoethylene oxide substituents. They are suitable for use as electrolyte solvents and particularly well suited for use with aqueous environment electrolytic capacitors. Methods for synthesizing these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A surface-modified nano graphene platelet (NGP), comprising: (a) a nano graphene platelet having a thickness smaller than 10 nm; and (b) discrete, non-continuous, and non-metallic bumps or nodules bonded to a surface of the graphene platelet to serve as a spacer. When multiple surface-modified NGP sheets are stacked together to form an electrode, large numbers of electrolyte-accessible pores are formed, enabling the formation of large amounts of double layer charges in a supercapacitor, which exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacitance.

Abstract: Provided is an electric storage device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein an inorganic filler layer is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate.

Abstract: A super-capacitor electrode is provided, which comprises a metal foil as a current collector, an active material, a conductive agent, and an organic adhesive agent. The metal foil is an uncorroded smooth metal foil. The super-capacitor electrode further comprises a silane coupling agent for binding the organic adhesive agent and the uncorroded smooth metal foil, so that the active material is adhered to the uncorroded smooth metal foil. In comparison with a case that only organic adhesive agent is used in a super-capacitor electrode, since the silane coupling agent is used in the super-capacitor electrode of the present invention to bind the organic adhesive agent and the uncorroded smooth metal foil, the binding strength of the active material on the uncorroded smooth metal foil is improved without increasing the amount of the agent used for adhering, so that the super-capacitor electrode of the present invention attains perfect overall performance.

Abstract: Composite carbon electrodes for use in, for example, Capacitive Deionization (CDI) of a fluid stream or, for example, an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) are described. Methods of making the composite carbon electrodes are also described. The composite carbon electrode comprises an electrically conductive porous matrix comprising carbon; and an electric double layer capacitor, comprising an activated carbonized material, dispersed throughout the pore volume of the electrically conductive porous matrix.

Abstract: There is provided an electric double layer capacitor including: an exterior case having a housing space provided therein and formed of insulating resin; first and second external terminals buried in the exterior case, each having a first surface exposed to the housing space and a second surface exposed to an outside of the exterior case; and a chip-type electric double layer capacitor cell disposed in the housing space and electrically connected to the first surface. The chip-type electric double layer capacitor cell includes first and second electrodes facing each other and having electricity of opposite polarities applied thereto, at least one induction electrode layer disposed between the first and second electrodes and having no electricity applied thereto, and first and second separators disposed between the first electrode and the induction electrode layer and between the second electrode and the induction electrode layer, respectively.

Abstract: Electronic components and electrodes for transforming, storing and shielding devices have ablated femtosecond pulsed laser machined with developed nano structures for substantially increasing surface areas. Storage is multiplied in capacitors and supercapacitors, and small sizes have increased capacity. Supercapacitor heating upon charging and discharging is reduced by femtosecond pulsed laser ablation of inner and outer surfaces of cases. Battery storage capacity and charging time, fuel cell size and capacity, hydrogen generation and storage and seconds are improved by femtosecond pulsed laser machining ablation of electrode surfaces followed by chemical vapor deposition of carbon nano structures.

Abstract: An electrolytic solution for an electrolytic capacitor includes a solvent and an electrolyte dissolved in the solvent. This electrolyte includes at least one of a carboxylic acid and a salt of the carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid has a carboxyl group and at least one or more of substituents bonded to each terminal carbon of a straight main chain. The substituent bonded to the each terminal carbon of the main chain is hydrophilic, and/or a hydrophilic substituent is bonded to at least one of carbons other than the both terminal carbons of the main chain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizable electrode for an electrical double layer capacitor which has good high-temperature storage characteristics and can prevent a decrease in electrostatic capacity and increase in internal resistance, and also provides an electrical double layer capacitor using the electrode. A polarizable electrode is formed by mixing Ketjen black, active charcoal and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aqueous solution. An etched aluminum foil is used for the collector, and this etched aluminum foil is dipped in a phosphoric acid aqueous solution or an ammonium phosphate or other phosphate aqueous solution to thereby retain 15 to 115 mg/m2 of phosphorus on the surface of the etched aluminum foil. The electrostatic capacity per unit area on the surface of this etched aluminum foil is 50 to 350 ?F/cm2.

Abstract: Advanced ultracapacitor construction of irregular shape is provided, having higher utilization of the available energy storage shape in various electronic and electromechanical products over the prior art ultracapacitors. Said irregular shape of ultracapacitor is achieved by using flexible and pliable cell materials in layers, blanked into any desired shape, and stacked. The layers may be also bent to follow any contour. More capacity in given irregular volume is thus accomplished.

Abstract: An ionic compound is provided that has an anion represented by a: formula (1) and a cation represented by a formula (2): where X is an element selected from the group consisting of B, C, N, O, Al, Si, P, S, As, and Se, M1 and M2 are identical or different, and represent linking groups, and, when multiple M1s or multiple M2s are present, they may be identical or different, Q represents a monovalent element or organic group, a represents an integer of 1 or more, and b, c, d, and a each represent an integer of 0 or more; and RS-LH?(2) where L is an element selected from the group consisting of C, Si, N, P, S, and 0, R represents a monovalent element, functional group, or organic group, and s represents an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductor having high conductivity and electrochemical stability, which is in a solid state over a practically wide temperature range. Specifically disclosed is a plastic crystal containing a compound represented by Formula (I) or (IA) below: and at least one compound [BF3(CF3)] salt represented by Formula (II): Mn+[BF3(CF3)?]n??(II) wherein M is an alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, aluminum or H; and when M is an alkaline metal or H, n is 1; when M is an alkaline earth metal, n is 2; and when M is aluminum, n is 3.

Abstract: A process to deposit a conformal coating of manganese oxide nanocrystals within a high surface area connected pore structure of a carbon paper electrode. A two-step process is utilized. In the first step the carbon paper electrode is immersed in an alkaline manganese oxide solution to form a nanocrystal seed layer on the surface and within the pores of the carbon paper. In the second step the seeded carbon paper is immersed in an acidic manganese oxide solution. The result is a densely packed continuous conformal nanocrystal coating both on the surface of the carbon and deep within its pores. The carbon paper is highly suitable for use as an electrode in a supercapacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chip type electric double layer capacitor including: a lower case having an internal space of which an upper surface is opened and an external terminal of which portions exposed to a bottom of the internal space and the outside are connected to each other; an electric double layer capacitor cell disposed in the internal space of the lower case to be electrically connected to the portion of the external terminal, which is exposed to the bottom of the internal space; and an upper cap mounted on the lower case to cover the internal space, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A coin-type electrochemical element enables the external lead terminal portions to be accurately and reliably attached to a first lid portion and to a second lid portion of the coin-type electrochemical element, and a method of its production. A coin-type electric double layer capacitor includes a first lid portion and a second lid portion. External lead terminal portions, each having a nearly triangular shape, are separately connected to the outer surfaces of the lid portions. Upon providing the external lead terminal portions having the triangular shape, a welded portion is allowed to have an increased area enabling the coin-type electrochemical element of even a small size to be accurately and reliably welded and making it possible to provide the coin-type electrochemical element having excellent reliability.

Abstract: Energy storage modules generally include a housing with component parts arranged therein. The component parts are in this case either capacitors, for example double-layer capacitors and/or electrolyte capacitors. According to the invention, a filler is provided in the housing and binds electrolyte liquid occurring in the even of damage or else electrolyte gases. Beds of material with a large specific surface area, such as zeolites or else active carbons, are suitable as fillers. The surfaces are also possibly catalytically coated.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode, cathode, and an electrolyte that contains an alkali metal salt and ionically conductive polymer is provided. The alkali metal salt forms a complex with the ionically conductive polymer and thereby improves its ionic conductivity, particularly at higher temperatures. The electrolyte also contains an organic solvent that reduces the viscosity of the electrolyte and helps lower the potential barrier to metal ion transport within the electrolyte to improve conductivity. By selectively controlling the relative amount of each of these components, the present inventors have discovered that a highly ionically conductive electrolyte may be formed that is also in the form of a viscous liquid. The liquid nature of the electrolyte enables it to more readily enter the pores of the anode via capillary forces and improve specific capacitance. Further, although a liquid, its viscous nature may inhibit the likelihood of leakage.

Abstract: A nanoporous insulating oxide deionization device, method of manufacture and method of use thereof for deionizing a water supply (such as a hard water supply), for desalinating a salt water supply, and for treating a bacteria-containing water supply. The device contains two composite electrodes each constructed from a conductive backing electrode and a composite oxide layer being an insulating oxide or a non-insulating oxide and an intermediate porous layer. The composite layer being substantially free of mixed oxidation states and nanoporous and having a median pore diameter of 0.5-500 nanometers and average surface area of 300-600 m2/g. The composite layer made from a stable sol-gel suspension containing particles of the insulating oxide, the median primary particle diameter being 1-50 nanometers.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for storing electrical power with an electrochemical device with a ionic liquid electrolyte having a metal coordination cation. More specifically, the device includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an ionic liquid electrolyte statically disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the ionic liquid electrolyte having a metal coordination cation. The device may be structured and arranged to permit the metal in the electrolyte to undergo redox reactions such that the electrolyte functions at least in part as both an electrolyte and as an electrode. An associated method of use is also provided.

Abstract: A supercapacitor comprising a cathode, an anode, a first single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film electrode adjacent the cathode, a second SWNT film electrode adjacent the anode, and separator disposed between the first and second electrodes. The SWNT film electrodes may be manufactured by a non-filtration process comprising depositing the SWNT film on a foil via CVD; separating the SWNT film from the foil; heating the SWNT film; treating the SWNT film with an acid solution; washing the SWNT film; and excising the electrodes from the SWNT film.

Abstract: A coated electrode is provided for use in energy storage devices. The coated electrode comprises a dry fibrillized polymer that is fibrillized with no processing additives.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a first conductor having a first surface and a second surface. The energy storage device also includes a second conductor and a separator assembly that encloses the first conductor and that is disposed between the first and second conductors. The separator assembly also includes a first portion that covers the first surface and a second portion that covers the second surface. The first and second portions are attached to one another, and at least one of the first and second portions includes a first sheet and a second sheet that are attached to one another. The first sheet includes a first material, and the second sheet includes a second material that is different from the first material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarized electrode 12 containing mixed activated carbon composed of at least two activated carbons with different specific surface areas, and the specific surface area of the mixed activated carbon is not less than 900 m2/g and less than 1900 m2/g. By setting the specific surface area of the mixed activated carbon to less than 1900 m2/g, the resistance reduction ratio of the polarized electrode 12 rapidly increases.

Abstract: Capacitors employing liquid or gel electrolytes have their useful lifetime significantly extended by including, in the electrolyte, a binary mixture of transition metal ion species. Each species has at least two distinct oxidation states when dissolved in the electrolyte. The interaction of the mixture of ion species reduces the potential of the cathode and maintains the potential of the cathode below the hydrogen potential to prevent the reduction of hydrogen ions and the formation of hydrogen. The binary mixture of transition metal species reduces the cathode potential by oxidation of the transition metal species at the anode and reduction of the transition metal species at the cathode. Thus, the rate of decrease in capacitance, increase in equivalent series resistance, and swelling of the capacitor are suppressed. In addition, the ratio of capacitor aging to the quantity of charge passed by the capacitor is decreased by at least a factor of two as compared to previous known extended life capacitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic solution for aluminum electrolytic capacitors which has a high sparking voltage while maintaining its specific conductivity at 30° C. of 4 to 25 mS/cm and which has no possibility of corroding capacitor elements, and an aluminum electrolytic capacitor using the same. The electrolytic solution of the present invention is characterized as being an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte (C) composed of an alkyl phosphate anion (A) represented by formula (1) or (2) given below and a cation (B), and an organic solvent (D), wherein the content of phosphoric acid in the electrolytic solution is 1% by weight or less: wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: One example of the disiloxanes include a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon. The first silicon is linked to a first substituent selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. In some instance, the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.

Abstract: The present subject matter includes a first capacitor stack including a first plurality of anode layers and a first plurality of cathode layers and a second capacitor stack including a second plurality of anode layers and a second plurality of cathode layers. In various embodiments, a flexible bus is welded to the first capacitor stack and to the second capacitor stack. The flexible bus is adapted to conduct electricity between the first capacitor stack and the second capacitor stack. Also, the present subject matter includes embodiments where the first capacitor stack and the second capacitor stack are disposed in a case filled with an electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical capacitor, which includes: a cell electrode unit which includes cathodes, anodes, and separators interposed between the cathodes and the anodes which are alternately stacked in multiple layers; cathode terminals which are extended to one side of each of the cathodes and are stacked one above another; anode terminals which are extended to one side of each of the anodes and are stacked one above another with a separation space from the cathode terminals; a housing for receiving the cell electrode unit, the cathode terminals, and the anode terminals; and an output terminal unit which is insert-molded to penetrate from the inside to the outside of the housing, electrically connected to at least one of each of the stacked cathode and anode terminals, and immobilizes the cell electrode unit into the housing.

Abstract: An electrochemical element for use at a high temperature has an anode, a cathode comprising an intercalation material having an upper reversible potential-limit of at most 4 V versus Li/Li+ as active material, and an electrolyte arranged between the cathode and anode, which electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid with an anion and a cation a pyrrolidinium ring structure having four Carbon atoms and one Nitrogen atom. Experiments revealed that rechargeable batteries comprising such an intercalation material and N—R1—N—R2-pyrrolidinium, wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups and R1 may be methyl and R2 may be butyl or hexyl, are particularly suitable for use at a temperature of up to about 150 degrees Celsius and may be used in oil and/or gas production wells.

Abstract: An extremely high-performance polyaniline electrode was prepared by potentiostatic deposition of aniline on hierarchically porous carbon monolith (HPCM), which was carbonized from mesophase pitch. A capacitance value of 2200 F g?1 of polyaniline was obtained at a power density of 0.47 kW kg?1 and an energy density of 300 Wh kg?1. This active material deposited on HPCM also has an advantageous high stability. These superior advantages can be attributed to the backbone role of HPCM. This method also has the advantages of not introducing any binder, thus contributing to the increase of ionic conductivity and power density. High specific capacitance, high power and energy density, high stability, and low cost of active material make it very promising for supercapacitors.

Abstract: An additive of the formula (1) for use in electrolytic solutions wherein A is —CH(X)— or —C?C(X)—, X being hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, benzoyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, Q1 and Q2 are the same or different and are each alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms or amino having as a substituent alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A, Q1 and Q2 may form a ring structure.

Abstract: A system for providing selective capacitance with a bundled capacitor is described herein. The bundled capacitor can include a housing a cap, a central common terminal, a plurality of auxiliary terminals, an interrupter, an insulating spider, a plurality of individual rolled sandwich like connected capacitors, a thermal fuse, a frangible electrical connection, an insulating layer, a resin, and an expansion chamber. A single phase motor can be connected to the bundled capacitor.