Abstract: A power source (30, 32) supply circuit (28) is provided in a communication system of protective headgear for supplying a communication system from a power source (30, 32) associated with the protective headgear. The supply circuit (28) includes a boost converter (44) for better utilization of the electric power supplied by the power source (30, 32). Protective headgear is provided with such a supply circuit (28) for supplying the protective headgear. A method is also provided for operating such a supply circuit (28).

Abstract: A semiconductor light source driving apparatus includes a light source unit which has a plurality of series-connected light source modules. Each light source module includes: a switching element which is controlled to turn on/off by a control signal; series-connected light source elements; and an overvoltage detection circuit in which a zener diode and a light emitting element are connected in series and a light detecting element is disposed to face the light emitting element, the switching element, the light source elements, and the overvoltage detection circuit being connected in parallel to each other.

Abstract: A circuit protection device is provided and includes a first insulation layer, a second insulation layer, a thermal fuse, a diode, a first exterior electrode pad, a second exterior electrode pad, and a third exterior electrode pad. The second insulation layer is positioned above a top surface of the first insulation layer. The thermal fuse is packaged in the first insulation layer and having a first electrode end and a second electrode end positioned opposite to the first electrode end. The diode is packaged in the second insulation layer and having a first electrode surface and a second electrode surface positioned opposite to the first electrode surface. The first exterior electrode pad is positioned on a bottom surface of the first insulation layer and electrically connected to the first electrode surface and the first electrode end.

Abstract: As a configuration for detecting an occurrence of abnormalities such as a disconnection of output wiring or an overcurrent of a PLC analog output module that controls a load by an analog current signal, the PLC analog output module includes a current output circuit that outputs the analog current signal, a current sensing resistor provided at a current output terminal of the current output circuit for directly detecting an analog current output to the load, a monitoring circuit that monitors voltages at both ends of the current sensing resistor, and an abnormality detection circuit that discriminates whether there is an occurrence of a disconnection or an overcurrent based on a monitoring result of the monitoring circuit.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a technology capable of reliably suppressing a surge voltage even in a case where noise having a small pulse width is generated. A drive protection circuit that drives and protects a switching element includes a gate driving circuit that drives the switching element in response to a gate driving signal and an overcurrent protection circuit that operates a soft cutoff circuit upon an overcurrent of the switching element, the soft cutoff circuit causing the switching element to transition from ON to OFF at a switching speed slower than that of the gate driving circuit. In the drive protection circuit, in a case where a pulse width of ON of the gate driving signal is less than or equal to a response time of the overcurrent protection circuit, the drive protection circuit operates the soft cutoff circuit to cause the switching element to transition from ON to OFF, regardless of the overcurrent.

Abstract: A control circuit and method are disclosed for controlling a current sense Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). In particular, the current sense IGBT creates voltage spikes in a sense voltage as a result of normal switching operations. The control circuit creates a blank period so that the voltage spikes are ignored and false detections of short-circuit events are avoided.

Abstract: A processor unit in an electric power converter executes detection of an overheating predicted state that is a stage prior to overheating of the IGBTs, a short circuit predicted state that is a stage prior to a short circuit in the arms, and a voltage drop predicted state that is a stage prior to a drop in a control voltage to be supplied to a driver circuit. When none of these predicted states is detected, a determination that an abnormality is not caused in the power module based on a latch signal is made by the processor unit. When an overheating predicted state is detected, the processor unit lowers the duty ratio of a motor control signal. When a short circuit predicted state is detected, the processor unit prolongs the dead time in which the upper IGBTs and the lower IGBTs are both maintained in the off-state.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided in which power control relay switches may be configured to switch at or near a predetermined time during an AC cycle and/or that are configured to control a velocity of an armature of the relay switch during switching. An input power source may provide alternating current (AC) power and a voltage or current level of the AC power may be sensed. A relay controller may switch the relay switch based on a time at which the voltage or current is at or near a zero-crossing. The relay controller may be configured to close the relay switch based on when a voltage of the power input is at a zero-crossing, and is configured to open the relay switch based on when a current of the power input is at a zero-crossing.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, methods, and apparatus for improving ESD tolerance and switching time for semiconductor devices including metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors (FETs), and particularly to MOSFETs fabricated on semiconductor-on-insulator and silicon-on-sapphire substrates. Embodiments provide an improved FET structure having an accumulated charge sink (ACS) circuit, fast switching times, and improved ESD tolerance.

Abstract: A power fail protection system wherein pluralities of individual energy storage components are electrically connected to one or more SSD drives during a power failure though a power switch matrix. Typically an individual high-energy supply will be connected to one SSD drive during a power failure. The power fail protection system may also test the transient energy response of individual energy storage components, or include an imminent power fail warning connected directly to an SSD drive interface. Some embodiments further provide for identifying, reporting, and replacing weak energy storage components. High-energy supplies may be modular, or hot swappable.

Abstract: A device for detecting a change in voltage across a switch includes a resistive-capacitive network and a timer circuit. The resistive-capacitive network includes an impedance, a first resistive element, and a first capacitive element to provide a signal representative of a voltage across the switch. The timer circuit generates a detection signal that is representative of the change in the voltage across the switch after switching on of the switch. The timer circuit raises a level of the detection signal if the voltage across the switch does not fall below a predetermined value after switching on of the switch. The resistive-capacitive network is configured such that parasitic capacitances of the device are compensated or over compensated so as to prevent the timer circuit from raising the level of the detection signal if the voltage across the switch does fall below the predetermined value after switching on of the switch.

Abstract: A dimmer is provided that includes an MCU, a first power switch, and a pair of second power switches. The MCU is coupled to and configured to control the first power switch and the pair of second power switches, wherein the MCU is configured to activate the first power switch to conduct current to a load during a first continuous period of time. The MCU is also configured to alternately activate the pair of second power switches to conduct current to the load during a second continuous period of time. The MCU is configured to deactivate the pair of second power switches during the entire first period of time, and the MCU is configured to deactivate the first power switch during the entire first period of time. The first and second continuous periods do not overlap in time.

Abstract: Memory short detection systems and methods include a power supply system with first power rail. A memory system includes a memory device connector that is configured to couple to a memory device and includes a first pin that is coupled to the first power rail and a second pin located adjacent the first pin. A short detection circuit is coupled to the first pin. The short detection circuit is configured to provide a first voltage from the first power rail, compare the first voltage to a first short detection voltage, and determine whether a short exists across the first pin and the second pin based on the comparing of the first voltage to the first short detection voltage. If a short is determined to exist across the first pin and the second pin, power is prevented from being provided to the memory device connector.

Abstract: A device, method, and system includes an integrated battery power controller configured to monitor a voltage difference between a first output terminal and a second output terminal; disconnect, via a switch, at least one of the first output terminal and the second output terminal from a power source if the voltage difference between the first output terminal and the second output terminal is less than a predetermined voltage threshold; and connect, via the switch, both the first output terminal and the second output terminal to the power source if the voltage difference between the first output terminal and the second output terminal is equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage threshold.

Abstract: Systems, circuits, and methods for protecting an Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) from short-circuit events are provided. A short-circuit protection circuit is described that includes a switch, a resistor, a capacitor, and an optional current buffer that provide a strong pull-down to the IGBT in response to detecting a short-circuit event and then controls a rate at which turn-off current is decreased, thereby minimizing a peak voltage for the IGBT.

Abstract: A host electronic device may be coupled to an accessory electronic device. During normal operation, the host device may supply the accessory device with power over a power supply line. Back-powering events in which the accessory device delivers power to the host device may be prevented by interposing a protection transistor in the power supply line. A current mirror may be formed using the protection transistor and an additional transistor that produces a sense current proportional to the amount of current that is flowing through the power supply line. A current-to-voltage amplifier may produce a sense voltage that is proportional to the sense current. A bias circuit may be used to bias the sense current through the current mirror. A control circuit may compare the sense voltage to one or more reference voltages and turn off the protection transistor when appropriate to prevent back-powering of the host device.

Abstract: In one implementation, a power converter includes an output stage integrated circuit (IC) in a group III-V die including a depletion mode group III-V transistor, and a driver IC in a group IV die. The driver IC is configured to drive the output stage IC. In addition, a group IV control switch in the group IV die is cascoded with the depletion mode group III-V transistor. The power converter further includes an overcurrent protection circuit for the depletion mode group III-V transistor, the overcurrent protection circuit monolithically integrated in the group IV die.

Abstract: An electronic device for inductive load switching is described. The electronic device includes a voltage sensor module that monitors a voltage waveform. The electronic device also includes a current sensor module that monitors a current waveform. The electronic device additionally includes a computing module coupled to the voltage sensor module and to the current sensor module that determines a power factor based on the voltage waveform and the current waveform. The electronic device further includes a controller module coupled to the computing module that switches off an inductive load based on the power factor. The electronic device has dimensions for fitting within a wall box.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp includes a number of different color LEDs that can be turned on and off in different combinations using an external switch operable by a user. A user or a controller can adjust the color temperature of light output by the lamp. The color temperature change may be a user preference and can compensate for decreased phosphor efficiency over time.

Abstract: The invention provides a cascode transistor circuit with a main power transistor and a cascode MOSFET formed as an integrated circuit, packaged to form the cascode transistor circuit. A control and protection circuit is integrated into the integrated circuit together and a storage capacitor provides an energy source to drive the control and protection circuit. A charging circuit is also integrated into the integrated circuit for charging the storage capacitor.

Abstract: A PWM architecture of a microcontroller is disclosed that includes a fault module for regulating and detecting faults in current sensing or illuminating devices (e.g., LED strings). The fault module is part of a hardware regulation loop of LED voltage and LED current that allows the CPU to be placed in idle mode (“IDLE”) while an LED string is regulated in illumination. The microcontroller includes a PWM generator having a double channels PWM timer with a specific fault mode and an amplified comparator with a voltage reference. The architecture allows tuning of various parameters, including LED peak current, LED voltage supply, LED voltage regulation step and LED dimming value. In IDLE mode, the hardware regulation loop can regulate LED peak current and LED voltage supply without any CPU resource (microcontroller in IDLE mode). The fault module part of the hardware regulation loop can also detect and inform the CPU of: 1) an open LED; 2) a weak battery; and 3) an LED voltage that is under a target value.

Abstract: A driver circuit includes: a first transistor connected between a line of first voltage and an output terminal; a first overcurrent detector configured to output a first signal when overcurrent flows into the first transistor; a first control unit configured to turn on and off the first transistor at a predetermined period and turn off the first transistor when the first signal is output from the first overcurrent detector; and a counter configured to count the number of times by which the first signal is output from the first overcurrent detector within a predetermined time interval, and to output a shut-down signal to stop an operation of the driver circuit as a value of the count reaches a predetermined value of equal to or more than 2.

Abstract: An automobile LED driving device includes a current setting portion to set multiple reference currents independently from one another for multiple respective current setting resistors connected externally, a current controller to select one of the multiple reference currents based on a control signal provided from outside, and an output transistor to control an output current to an automobile LED connected externally based on the reference current selected by the current controller.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing highly integrated and configurable IO ports for integrated circuits that can be individually configured for a variety of general purpose digital or analog functions, such as multiple channel analog-to-digital converters (ADC), multiple channel digital-to-analog converters (DAC), multiplexers, GPIOs, analog switches, switch and multiplexers, digital logic level translators, comparators, temperature sensors and relays, and so forth. The configurations of individual ports can be set by a configuration register that can, for instance, designate the function and voltage range of the port without impacting the other ports. In embodiments, logic mapping of a port order sequence can be defined. A data register can also be included for handling microcontroller commands and storing conversion results from, for instance, a port functioning as an ADC input port.

Abstract: An electronic device for managing energy is described. The electronic device includes a voltage sensor module that monitors a voltage waveform. The voltage sensor module includes discrete components. The electronic device includes a current sensor module that monitors a current waveform. The current sensor module includes discrete components. The electronic device is coupled to the voltage sensor module and to the current sensor module. The computing module determines a phase margin based on the voltage waveform and the current waveform. The electronic device includes a control module coupled to the computing module. The control module controls a load based on the voltage waveform, current waveform and phase margin. The control module includes discrete components. The voltage sensor module, the current sensor module, the computing module and the control module are housed within a wall box.

Abstract: In a switching control circuit, a length of a soft start period is set in accordance with a time constant of an external circuit connected to a soft start terminal of a switching control IC. A current flowing through a switching element is detected at a current detection terminal. When the value of the current exceeds a first predetermined current value, a second overcurrent protection function is performed, so that a switching operation is stopped. When the value of the current exceeds a second predetermined current value, a second overcurrent protection function is performed, so that the switching element is quickly turned off and a current peak value is limited. On the basis of a voltage at the soft start terminal after the soft start period has elapsed, one of the setting and non-setting of the first overcurrent protection function is selected.

Abstract: A circuit protection apparatus is disclosed. A peripheral interface includes a first power node and a second power node. The circuit protection apparatus includes an auxiliary power supply circuit, a power converter, a first switch, a second switch, a power switch circuit, a warning circuit, and a controller. When a load is plugged to the peripheral interface, the first switch turns on, and the controller is enabled and outputs a control signal, so as to drive the power converter to output power. When the current between input terminal and output terminal of the power switch circuit is larger than a predetermined current, the controller receives the error flag logical voltage outputted by the power switch circuit, cuts off the current between input terminal and output terminal of the power switch circuit, and stops the operations of the power converter.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system for controlling one or multiple lighting sources such as those powered by driver circuits or voltage splitting methods, to provide an alternative current path around a failed lighting source when one or more individual lighting sources fail.

Abstract: A removable telecommunication sensor module is configured to be removably coupled between a power protection device and a bus bar and/or a backplane. The removable telecommunication sensor module monitors energy usage at a telecommunication equipment circuit level for a piece of telecommunication equipment arranged in a telecommunication network infrastructure.

Abstract: This invention relates to control circuits for LED systems with a feedback loop to regulate a drive voltage. A controller for the system is proposed comprising a plurality of LED circuits and a controllable power source. The controller comprises a control unit configured to cause regulation of the drive voltage based on a determination of a plurality of feedback voltages and a fault condition detecting means. At least one of the LED circuits is determined as having a fault condition if the respective feedback voltage is below a fault threshold. In response to a detected fault condition, a test voltage is applied to a cathode of the fault circuit to confirm the presence of a fault condition.

Abstract: A system that includes micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry is provided. The system may include a first over-current protection circuitry connected in a parallel circuit with the micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry for suppressing a voltage level across contacts of the micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry during a first switching event, such as a turn-on event. The system may further include a second over-current protection circuitry connected in a parallel circuit with the micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry for suppressing a current flow through the contacts of the micro-electromechanical system switching circuitry during a second switching event, such as a turn-off event.

Abstract: Even when a large-current, high-voltage load is applied, damage is prevented. A current generating device (1) supplies a current simulating a current flowing when lightning occurs to a test piece (9) subjected to a lightning resistance test using power supplied from a power supply device (2). The current generating device (1) includes electric double-layer capacitors that store and discharge power supplied from the power supply device (2), a semiconductor switch (3) that switches between supplying and not supplying the power stored in the electric double-layer capacitors to the test piece (9), and a protection unit (4) that is connected between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) and that cuts the connection between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) when a current larger than a predetermined value flows through the semiconductor switch (3).

Abstract: A device for monitoring internal arc in gas insulated switchgear. The device includes: at least one or more partial discharge sensors that electronic wave signals of partial discharge generated by internal arc in a gas section of the gas insulated switchgear; at least one or more gas pressure wave sensors that measure pressure wave signals due to expansion of a gas produced by internal arc in the gas section of the gas insulated switchgear; a data acquiring unit that receives the electronic wave signals measured by the partial discharge sensors and the pressure wave signals measured by the gas pressure sensors, finds out internal arc on the basis of the received sensor measure information, and determines the reason and the position of the internal ark; and a transmitting unit that transmits the sensor measurement information and determination information from the data acquiring unit to a super-system.

Abstract: A circuit breaker is disclosed that has a neutral lock-out mechanism that prevents electrical connection between a power source and a load when a neutral rail is disconnected from the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker has a line connector, a load connector and a plug-on neutral line connector. A trip mechanism has an on position allowing electrical connection between the line connector and the load connector. The trip mechanism has a tripped position interrupting electrical connection between the line connector and the load connector in response to detection of a fault condition such as a short circuit. The trip mechanism also has an off position which is required before resetting the trip mechanism to the on position. A trip link is coupled to the trip mechanism. The trip link has a first position that prevents the trip mechanism from being reset to the on position. The trip link has a second position allowing the trip mechanism to be reset to the on position.

Abstract: A fault protection circuit for use on a spur of an IEC 61158 Fieldbus network comprising a fast acting current limiter adapted to limit the spur current to the level of a reference current when the spur current reaches said reference current, control means adapted to monitor the spur AC and/or DC current and/or voltage, and isolation means adapted to apply a shunt short circuit isolation to said spur upon receipt of an activation signal from the control means, in which the control means is adapted to control the level of the reference current, and in which when said control means detects one or more pre-determined fault conditions on said spur it activates the isolation means and lowers the level of reference current.

Abstract: An over-current protection device adapted to be soldered onto a circuit board comprises a PTC material layer, a first electrode foil, a second electrode foil, a bonding section and a metal connecting member. The PTC material layer has opposite first and second surfaces. The first electrode foil is in physical contact with the first surface, and the second electrode foil electrically connects to the second surface. Both the second electrode foil and the bonding section are disposed on bottom of the device, and the bonding section is separated from the second electrode foil. The metal connecting member is disposed on the lateral surface of the device. The second electrode foil is adapted to be soldered onto an electrode section of the circuit board. The bonding section and the metal connecting member connect to corresponding joint section of the circuit board.

Abstract: A relay welding detector is adapted for detecting welding fault of a relay. The relay has a first electrical contact coupled to a neutral terminal of an alternating current (AC) power source through a first power line, and a second electrical contact coupled to a load through a second power line. The relay welding detector includes a signal generator generating a test signal, a current transformer wound with a portion of one of the power lines and generating an induced signal based on the test signal, and a determining unit determining, based on the induced signal, whether the electrical contacts of the relay are welded to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protection circuit. The protection circuit includes an output stage circuit and a feedback unit that generates a first current. Under a first condition that the first current is one of currents larger than and equal to a rated current and the first condition remains for a first period, the feedback unit controls the output stage circuit to restrict the first current. Under a second condition that the first current is one of currents larger than and equal to a restriction current and the second condition remains for a second period, the feedback unit controls the output stage circuit to terminate the first current.

Abstract: A method for operating a brushless electric motor, the windings being energized by an inverter with the aid of six switches. A detection unit for detecting defective switches, a unit for measuring voltage at the outputs of the inverter, and a microcontroller for controlling the switch and for generating a pulse width modulated voltage supply for the windings are provided. A short-circuited switch causes a torque in the electric motor opposite the actuating direction of the electric motor. The method proposes that after detecting a short-circuited switch, the windings (U. V. W) are energized to generate a motor torque that is, on the whole, positive. An actuating period of the electric motor is divided into a plurality of sectors, wherein, in accordance with the defective switch, individual sectors are deactivated for the actuation of the windings (U, V, W), while other sectors are used to actuate the windings (V, W).

Abstract: High voltage direct current systems are provided including one or more outlets and an electronic current limiter circuit associated with the one or more outlets. The electronic current limiter circuit is configured to limit current inrush when a connector is plugged into and/or unplugged from the one or more outlets when a direct current bus associated with the one or more outlets is energized so as not to damage the connector; and/or isolate direct current faults and/or excess current draw in a load connected to the one or more outlets so as to protect the system from shutdown.

Abstract: A method of tripping a circuit interrupter in a back fed configuration is provided, wherein the circuit interrupter has separable contacts and an actuator, such as a solenoid, operatively coupled to the separable contacts. The method includes detecting within the circuit interrupter that a fault condition exists, and subsequent to detecting that the fault condition exists, determining whether a current is flowing within the circuit interrupter between a load side of the circuit interrupter and the separable contacts, and controlling operation of the actuator based on whether the current is flowing within the circuit interrupter.

Abstract: A protective device and method for preventing supply voltage of microcontroller from sag in electronic cigarette is provided, comprising a microcontroller, a power supply module, a field effect transistor, an energy storage circuit, wherein, the energy storage circuit is connected between the microcontroller and the power supply module, the energy storage circuit supplies electric power to the microcontroller when an over current or short circuit occurs, and maintains the supply voltage of the microcontroller not being less than its minimal operating voltage in a certain period of time; the microcontroller processes the over current or short circuit signal and turns off the MOSFET to cut off the current flow in a load circuit. The unstable or uncontrollable phenomena of the microcontroller in the existing technology are resolved. The circuit of the present invention is simple and low cost.

Abstract: A circuit breaker apparatus for use in high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission is provided. The circuit breaker apparatus has one module or a plurality of series-connected modules, the or each module including: first, second, third and fourth conduction paths and first and second terminals for connection to an electrical network, each conduction path extending between the first and second terminals, the first conduction path including a mechanical switching element, the second conduction path including at least one semiconductor switching element, the third conduction path including a snubber circuit having an energy storage device and the fourth conduction path including a resistive element.

Abstract: A protective system far a power transformer having a neutral line connected to ground where large currents can flow in the neutral line due to electro-magnetic disturbances. The system includes circuitry for: (a) sensing the current level in the neutral line and whether it exceeds a predetermined threshold for a predetermined period; and (b) sensing and processing the harmonic content of the load current and determining the existence of certain relationships of the “even” and “odd” harmonics. Signals, including alarms, indicative of excessive conditions are produced. The system may also include circuitry for sensing the load current level and generating a signal alarm if the load level is above a given value when the harmonics and the DC current have values in excess of certain predetermined values.

Abstract: A protection component includes: a package substrate; a first fuse unit disposed in the package substrate, having a first fusing region; a second fuse unit disposed in the package substrate, having a second fusing region which is close to the first fusing region; and a first buried cave disposed in the package substrate corresponding to the first and second fusing regions. When one of the first and second fusing regions is blown out, the first buried cave assists energy of fuse melting to break the other of the first and second fusing regions.

Abstract: A method comprising: a) during at least part of a conduction phase of the triac, measuring the gate potential of the triac; and b) comparing a value based on said measurement with a reference threshold and deducing the presence or the absence of an overcurrent based on said comparison.

Abstract: A modular truss assembly for mechanically and electrically mounting system components of a modular equipment center (MEC). A plurality of MECs is spatially distributed throughout the vehicle to service equipment loads. The modular truss assembly provides different voltage levels for powering the system components of the MEC and for powering the equipment loads. In one or more configurations, a MEC incorporate inductive power coupling for powering a line replaceable unit (LRU) in proximity to the modular truss assembly without exposed electrical connections and such that the MEC may forgo power conversion equipment. In one or more configurations, a sensor is embedded in one or more transfer layers of the truss for measuring a power trace embedded in the modular truss assembly.

Abstract: A failure information transmission apparatus includes a transmission circuit and a reception circuit. The transmission circuit transmits a plurality of pieces of failure information related to a plurality of failures as pulse signals different from one another via the same transmission path. The reception circuit receives the pulse signals transmitted by the transmission circuit via the same transmission path and identifies the failure information based on the pulse signal received. If the plurality of failures occurs at the same time, the transmission circuit transmits preferentially transmits failure information with higher priority of transmission.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for providing protection of DC building electrical systems are disclosed. According to one aspect, a system for over-current protection of direct current (DC) building electrical systems includes a DC bus for providing DC power to a building and multiple DC feeder conductors for providing DC power to multiple locations within the building. Each DC feeder conductor is connected to the DC bus via a DC protection module having a fuse, a normally closed switch connected in parallel with the fuse, and a circuit breaker connected in series with the fuse and switch, where the switch is controllable to be closed to protect the fuse against transient current conditions and controllable to be open after the transient current conditions have subsided to allow the fuse to operate normally.

Abstract: An output stage with short-circuit protection includes a power transistor, a detecting module, a disable module, and a driving module. The power transistor is electrically connected between a voltage source and an output node. A gate end of the power transistor is configured to receive a driving signal. The detecting module is configured to detect an output voltage on the output node to determine whether a short-circuit condition occurs, and to provide a detecting signal according to the output voltage on the output node in the short-circuit condition. The disable module is configured to provide a disable signal according to the detecting signal in the short-circuit condition, and operatively stop the disable signal in each cycle period of a clock signal. The driving module is configured to determine whether to generate the driving signal according to the disable signal and the clock signal.