Abstract: A suspended indirect linear fluorescent luminaire utilizing a parabolic reflector assembly and kick reflector members in conjunction with large luminous lenses as viewed from below. The kick reflector members are suspended from the upper section inner edges of each lens member. The parabolic reflector assembly is positioned under the linear fluorescent lamp to redirect a portion of the light emitted from the underside of the lamp toward the kick reflector members and toward the area of the lens members behind the kick reflector members. Thus, the lens members may be evenly illuminated without a shadow from the kick reflector member, and the optical system of the luminaire may provide a wide light distribution so that the luminaire may have short suspension distances.

Abstract: An area lighting device comprises a plurality of panels arranged into a hollow box having interconnected side walls and open bottom; and at least one of the side wall panels comprising a light emitting panel having a lighted side facing inside the hollow box.

Abstract: The invention describes an interior luminaire, in particular for the illumination of merchandise display surfaces, having a transparent luminaire shade (2) and an optical system (5, 6) with a light-emitting means (5), which is characterized in that the optical system (5, 6) is positioned in a light-emitting means space (3) provided above the luminaire shade (2) and radiates light into the luminaire shade through a light entry opening (2a) on the upper side thereof; and that an inwardly projecting, diffusely reflecting flange (9), which reflects at least a portion of the emerging light back into the luminaire shade (2), is provided at the lower rim of the luminaire shade (2).

Abstract: An illumination obscurement device for controlling the obscurement of illumination from a light source which is optimized for use with a rectangular, arrayed, selective reflection device. In a preferred embodiment, a rotatable shutter with three positions is placed between a light source and a DMD. The first position of the shutter is a mask, preferably an out of focus circle. This out of focus circle creates a circular mask and changes any unwanted dim reflection to a circular shape. The second position of the shutter is completely open, allowing substantially all the light to pass. The third position of the shutter is completely closed, blocking substantially all the light from passing. By controlling the penumbra illumination surrounding the desired illumination, DMDs can be used in illumination devices without creating undesirable rectangular penumbras.

Abstract: A stage lighting lamp unit includes a processor for receiving control data from a remote console. Beam orientation data for the lamp unit is passed to the lamp in the form of the x, y and z co-ordinates of a point in space through which the beam is to pass. The processor divides the required lamp travel into a number of stages dependent on execution duration data sent with the position data, and calculates, for each stage, a new value for pan and tilt angles for the lamp. These values are passed to pan and tilt controlling co-processors which control servo-motors for pan and tilt operation. The lamp unit also incorporates a rotatable shutter for interrupting the lamp beam when required. The shutters of all the lamps in a system can be instructed from the remote console to open and close in synchronism, thereby providing a stroboscopic effect.

Abstract: A flat reflector lamp for fluorescent bulbs is described. The lamp has a self-supporting reflector with an enclosed hollow portion for mounting an electronic ballast. Electrical sockets on a pair of lamp end plates function as mounts for fluorescent lamps. A circuit board mounted on guide strips within the enclosed hollow portion of the lamp has spring contacts in electrical contact with at least one of the electrical sockets.

Abstract: An illumination optical system that illuminates a plurality of image display elements comprises; a color separating optical system that separates light emitted from a light source into a plurality of color light components; and a plurality of light-guiding optical systems, each of which guides light component to a corresponding one of the plurality of image display elements. An illumination area on the image display element that is illuminated by at least one of the plurality of light-guiding optical systems is larger than those on the image display elements illuminated by the other ones of the plurality of light-guiding optical systems. This provides a compact projection type image display apparatus which can project bright images.

Abstract: A reflector for reflecting light from an elongate light source into the input end of a light guide having a diameter “D”. The light source is inserted through the narrow end of a collimating reflector which has a wide end with a diameter exceeding “D” through which light is emitted into the guide. The wide end of an output reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's wide end. The output reflector's narrow end circumferentially surrounds the light guide's input end. The wide end of an input reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's narrow end. The reflectors are cylindrically symmetrical about a common axis. Light passing from the light source to the collimating reflector is reflected, producing an output beam whose width varies as a function of distance along the axis. The light guide's input end is positioned along the axis to minimize the width of the output light beam.

Abstract: A luminaire optical system having a tubular lamp, a parabolic reflector assembly, a pair of kick reflector assemblies, and a housing. The parabolic reflector assembly has a pair of substantially parabolic shaped reflectors joined to form a apex along and directly under the lamp. The kick reflector assemblies are each in a spaced relationship with the parabolic reflector assembly, thereby defining openings between the parabolic reflector assembly and the kick reflector assemblies. The housing has translucent areas which are in optical communication with the lamp through the openings.

Abstract: The installation comprises a housing (3) which is assigned to one of the walls (5) of the room (42) which is to be lit. A light-guiding arrangement is provided in the housing (3) and is designed such that it can guide light from the outer end part (38) of the housing (3), through an opening (8) in the wall (5) of the room (42) which is to be lit, into said room. The outer mouth opening of the light-guiding arrangement is covered over with the aid of a sheet-like arrangement (25) which is designed such that it allows light to enter into the light-guiding arrangement. An arrangement for ventilating the room which is to be lit is also provided. One of the mouth openings (36) of said ventilating arrangement is located in the covering arrangement (25). A window (1) is arranged in the opening (8) of the room (42) which is to be lit, said window being designed such that it allows not only the incidence of light but also ventilation of the interior (42).

Abstract: A lighting device with a light source and a first reflector which directs light provided by the light source towards at least two focal points in the operational state, is to be constructed such that the light path to one of the focal points can be obstructed without thermal problems arising. A second reflector is provided which diverts away at least partly the light guided by the first reflector to a first of the two focal points towards the second one of the two focal points, directly or indirectly, as desired.

Abstract: A small light-source module has a module body having a small single-point light source with a limited light-emitting angle mounted thereto, and a reflective surface provided on the module body. The light axis of the light source tilted with respect to the reflective surface, so as to create a substantially fan-shape projected light region on the reflective surface. The outer contour of the reflective surface is also substantially fan-shaped, and the reflective surface has a reflective pattern for reflecting light emitted form the small single-point light source as parallel light.

Abstract: A combination light assembly includes a light source within a casing that is detachably mounted to a housing with a quick connect assembly. The housing has a curved rear wall and a front area having an upper opening and a lower opening. The casing is mounted to the housing so that the light source will emit light into the housing through the lower opening for reflection off the curved rear wall and out the upper opening. The quick connect assembly comprises posts extending from the casing and connector plates positioned behind attachment openings in a framework that encloses a portion of the front area. The connector plates have flex openings that expand to engage the posts. The casing is attached by moving the posts through the attachment openings and into the flex openings.

Abstract: A reflector for reflecting light from an elongate light source into the input end of a light guide having a diameter “D”. The light source is inserted through the narrow end of a collimating reflector which has a wide end with a diameter exceeding “D” through which light is emitted into the guide. The wide end of an output reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's wide end. The output reflector's narrow end circumferentially surrounds the light guide's input end. The wide end of an input reflector circumferentially surrounds the collimating reflector's narrow end. The reflectors are cylindrically symmetrical about a common axis. Light passing from the light source to the collimating reflector is reflected, producing an output beam whose width varies as a function of distance along the axis. The light guide's input end is positioned along the axis to minimize the width of the output light beam.

Abstract: An illustration illuminator has a leg arrangement and a frame connected to the leg arrangement and extending upwardly and at a slant rearwardly away from the leg arrangement. A support surface is arranged at the front side of the frame for supporting an illustration to be illuminated. A light assembly is connected to the frame remote from the leg arrangement for illuminating the support surface. The light assembly has lamps emitting light rays and further has a front end with an outlet via which the light rays exit and impinge on the support surface. The light assembly has a reflector arranged relative to the lamps such that the light rays emitted by the lamps pass through the outlet only after having been reflected at least once on the reflector.

Abstract: A system utilizing direct-view illumination of selected regions together with principles of constructive occlusion (diffuse reflectivity in a mask and cavity structure) provides a tailored radiation intensity distribution adapted to meet the requirements of certain special applications. The direct illumination provides high intensity illumination for certain desired regions. However, some radiant energy from the system source(s) reflects and diffuses within the volume between the mask and the cavity. The mask constructively occludes the aperture of the cavity. The reflected energy emerging from between the mask and cavity provides a desired illumination, for example at a much lower intensity, for regions not covered by the direct illumination.

Abstract: A stage lighting lamp unit includes a processor for receiving control data from a remote console. Beam orientation data for the lamp unit is passed to the lamp in the form of the x, y and z co-ordinates of a point in space through which the beam is to pass. The processor divides the required lamp travel into a number of stages dependent on execution duration data sent with the position data, and calculates, for each stage, a new value for pan and tilt angles for the lamp. These values are passed to pan and tilt controlling co-processors which control servo-motors for pan and tilt operation. The lamp unit also incorporates a rotatable shutter for interrupting the lamp beam when required. The shutters of all the lamps in a system can be instructed from the remote console to open and close in synchronism, thereby providing a stroboscopic effect.

Abstract: A method and system for condensing and collecting electromagnetic radiation onto a target surface comprised generally of a radiation source, a primary reflector and a retro-reflector having a shape complementary to the shape of the primary reflector is disclosed. The primary reflector has a reflecting surface for reflecting the radiation from the source which is substantially concave in shape. The radiation source emits substantially uniform radiation flux in substantially all directions which is collected by the primary reflector and redirected toward the target surface. The retro-reflector, having a complementary shape which depends upon the shape of the primary reflector, is positioned so as to intercept a portion of the radiation redirected toward the target surface. The retro-reflector reflects the intercepted portion of the radiation back toward said primary reflector along the same path such that the redirected radiation is channeled back through the source.

Abstract: There has been a problem that in a head lamp with a prior constitution, an utilization factor of luminous flux with respect to a light source is low and the head lamp with brightness commensurate with power consumption can be obtained.

Abstract: An optical integrating cavity supplies light or other radiant energy through a port to a deflector. The deflector coupled to the port may form a “fan” extending along one side or around all or part of the circumference of the cavity. Preferred embodiments use principles of constructive occlusion (diffuse reflectivity in a mask and cavity structure) together with the port and deflector structure. The cavity and mask serve as the optical integrating cavity. The constructive occlusion provides a tailored intensity distribution for radiant energy illuminating a first region; whereas the integrating cavity, port and deflector distribute another portion of the electromagnetic energy over a second field of intended illumination. The first and second areas illuminated may overlap slightly, or one may include the other, but preferably most of the two areas are separate. In some cases, the system configuration creates a dead zone between the two regions.

Abstract: An apparatus for integrating and modifying light output of strobe-based and continuous light sources. A light-modifier housing made to accept variety of commercially available lights typically used in photography lighting. The output of these lights is channeled in a uniform way for illuminating an area or subject to be photographed. Multiple light units can be mounted onto the modifier. A light, preferably the center one, can be removed and substituted with camera for shadowless lighting effect. With interchangeable adapter plates, different manufacturer's lights such as strobe lights or constant lights, are quickly mounted onto the modifier. Highly reflective paneling is used to line the inside surfaces as well as the inner side of the adjustable louvers (barndoors). These combination results in a system offering maximum, uniform, light output with high degree of controllability. The light weight modifier can be mounted on user supplied studio stands or inverted from ceiling mounts.

Abstract: An illumination optical apparatus (IOA1) and an exposure apparatus (EA1) having same, that reduces coherence in the illumination light beam, which in turn eliminates illumination non-uniformities at the mask (13) and wafer (17). The illumination apparatus comprises, in order along an optical axis (AX), a coherent light source (1) capable of generating a first light beam (b1) having a coherence length, the light beam being directed along a first optical path. Further included is a depolarizer (3) and a first optical delay element (4). The latter is capable of splitting from the first light beam a second light beam (b4) which travels a delay optical path (DOP1) with a path length not less than the coherence length of the first light beam. The delay optical path returns to said first optical path at a deflection angle from said optical delay element. The illumination optical system may also include a plurality (i.e., second, third, etc.) optical delay elements or splitting delay stages (e.g.

Abstract: The optical system of the present invention efficiently projects electromagnetic radiation such as visible light over a predetermined field of illumination with a tailored intensity distribution. The system includes a base having an optical area that faces the area to be illuminated. The apparatus further includes a mask spaced over the optical area of the base. The system also includes a cavity with an aperture, formed in either the optical area of the base or in a surface of the mask facing toward the base. The base and mask are arranged so that the mask constructively occludes the optical area of the base and/or the aperture of the cavity, with respect to the field of illumination. The system further includes a baffle. The baffle may be between the mask and the base. The baffle may extend into or be within the cavity. The base, the mask, and the baffle have outer surfaces that are reflective, and preferably exhibit a significant diffuse, reflective characteristic.

Abstract: The luminaire has a concave reflector (1) with an optical axis (3) in a plane of symmetry (2), suitable to receive an elongate light source transverse to said plane (2). The reflector (1) is composed of flat facets (10,10′) which are bounded by first parallel planes (8) which are transverse to the plane of symmetry (2), and which facets (10,10′) are arranged in rows (11,11′) by second planes (9) which are parallel to the plane of symmetry (2). The first planes (8) are at an acute angle to a light emission window (5). The reflector (1) touches the window (5) at one side of the axis (3) and is extended by a light reflecting screen (7) up to said window (5) at the opposite side of the axis (3). The luminaire can be used to illuminate sports fields, the light emission window (5) being directed downwards, has a sharp cut-off angle and prevents stray light above the horizontal.

Abstract: A portion of a first paraboloid collects and concentrates randomized light from a lamp into parallel beams directed to a portion of a second paraboloid which refocuses the light onto a homogenizer. The second paraboloid has a shape that is substantially similar to the first paraboloid reflector. The source and the target are located at the respective foci of the paraboloids such that the optical flux from the source is imaged to the target with minimal distortion in an approximately no magnification imaging system. The system may be configured to control wavelength and intensity by inserting an additional filter. In addition, a retro-reflector may be added to increase the overall flux density at homogenizer. The output is particular suitable for providing light to the light engine of projectors.

Abstract: An apparatus which produces light of a highly controlled nature and which makes sufficient use of the light including a light source, a primary reflector placed directly at or near the light source and a secondary reflector which receives light from the light source and from the primary reflector and directs it to a target area.

Abstract: To permit change of direction of light emitted from a reflector lamp (3) adapted to be secured in a fixed socket, a reflector unit, preferably in the form of an attachment, is provided which is formed by a frame (2) which pivotably retains a partially light transparent and partially light reflecting disk (1). The frame (2) is coupled by a snap connection with a circumferential rim (3a) of the reflector lamp, so that the disk (1) is rotatable about the reflector axis (A) as well as pivotable in the arms (2). The reflector axis (A) and the pivot axis (P) of the disk preferably are perpendicular to each other. The disk may have a mirror reflective, and one matte surface, and can be made of plastic, aluminum, sheet steel and, if so, formed with openings (1a) therethrough; if made of glass, the surface can be partially light reflective/transmissive.

Abstract: A dual lamp illumination system, in which the output beams of two lamps with collimating reflectors are directed into one another to produce a combined beam, and in which plane mirrors set at 90 degrees to one another are inserted half way into the combined beam. Thus half of the combined beam is directed out of the path of the combined beam to form a new combined beam having substantially the same etendue as the original combined beam. The the light rays in the unreflected half of the original combined beam are recycled until they strike one of the plane surfaces, and are thence reflected out into the new combined beam.

Abstract: A light source particularly suited for a display in a dispensing machine. The light source includes an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector disposed about the PCB. The reflector reflects the LED light in multi-directions and serves to provide a more uniform light intensity throughout the illuminated surface. The reflector also encloses the total light radiation to a pre-defined surface area.

Abstract: A compact, efficient illumination system has many advantages over conventional illuminators based upon integrating spheres. An elliptical light source/concentrator, preferably controlled by a light stabilization system using optical feedback to control the light intensity, provides high spatial uniformity of high irradiance values can be produced over sizeable areas for testing large area detector arrays. The illuminator is simpler and more economical than traditional systems and provides extended wavelength coverage potential. The illumination system is easy to maintain.

Abstract: A lighting device of a controlled distribution type provides a high energy efficiency and desired distribution of light. Such lighting device is obtained by redirecting and condensing the flux of a lamp 1 with an ellipsoidal reflector 2 alone or together with a spheric reflector 3, further redirecting visible or infrared rays in the flux to have visible rays entered to a transparent diffuser 5 which embodies a plurality of ridges or ridges and grooves and diffuses incident light in single axis and further controlling such diffused rays with a reflector or a set of reflectors 6.Such lighting device is used to constitute another lighting device in a radiation panel type.

Abstract: A non-light-diffusive light guide plate, the light-diffusing properties being not imparted thereto by means of printing or the like, has a light-emerging surface provided with a condenser lens which is produced by arranging columnar lenses having convex cross-sections so that their ridge lines will be parallel with each other, and, at the same time, vertical to the side end surface, the light-entering surface of the light guide plate. The shape of the cross-section of the light guide plate is such that the thickness becomes smaller as the distance from the side end surface on the light-source side becomes longer and that the inclination of the line corresponding to the light-reflecting surface which is opposed to the light-emerging surface is steeper on the light-source side than on the non-light-source side.

Abstract: A structure capable of generating a virtual polyhedral space includes a plurality of walls, each having a first side edge, a second side edge, and a reflective surface. The walls are disposed adjacent one another, with the first side edge of each wall adjacent the second side edge of an adjacent wall, each wall lying in an associated one of a plurality of planes intersecting at a common apex, thus forming a pyramid shaped structure. So disposed, the walls define an interior space of the structure, with the reflective surfaces of the walls facing the interior space. Each wall further includes a base edge. Together, the base edges of the reflective walls define a base opening of the structure, which provides access to the interior space. The images of optional base coverings form coherent images of a virtual polyhedron in the reflective surfaces of the walls. Three-sided, four-sided, and five-sided embodiments are described.

Abstract: An architectural structure capable of generating a virtual polyhedral space includes a plurality of walls, each having a first side edge, a second side edge, and a reflective surface. The walls are disposed adjacent one another, with the first side edge of each wall adjacent the second side edge of an adjacent wall, each wall lying in an associated one of a plurality of planes intersecting at a common apex, thus forming a pyramid shaped structure. So disposed, the walls define an interior space of the architectural structure, with the reflective surfaces of the walls facing the interior space. Each wall further includes a base edge. Together, the base edges of the reflective walls form a support base for supporting the architectural structure on a floor surface. The images of the floor surface in the reflective surfaces of the walls forms a coherent image of a virtual polyhedron. Three-sided, four-sided, and five-sided embodiments are described.

Abstract: There is provided a surface light source device of side light type, which is not reduced in efficiency of illumination light utilization, even if the surface light source device is subjected to fringing such as to trim a luminant portion. For instance, a light shielding layer formed by coating black ink 21A, which absorbs illumination light, by means of printing is provided on a protection sheet 21 arranged as the outermost emission-side additional sheet. The light shielding layer absorbs and shields illumination light L1 tending to be transmitted through a peripheral edge portion of the protection sheet 12, and as a result, provides fringing. A reflective surface is formed by applying a silver tape 21B or the like to a surface facing the light guide plate 6. Since illumination light reflected by the silver tape 21B is used again inside the light guide plate 6, it is possible to avoid a reduction in efficiency of light utilization.

Abstract: A device is provided to diffuse a beam of light, the device consisting of a plurality of truncated cells nested together along their respective sidewalls for collecting and diffusing the light rays as they extend along the plurality of cells having an expansive, tapered interior volume. The device diffuses the main light beam in a headlamp, for example, thereby substantially reducing the glare experienced by oncoming drivers and permitting high beams of the headlamp to be used in the presence of the oncoming drivers. The device of the present invention is retrofitable to existing headlamps. In another embodiment of the present invention, a concave lens is disposed in the headlamp assembly to diffuse the main light beam prior to it entering the truncated cells, while each one of the cells of the dispersion device is also provided with its own respective concave lens to augment the diffusing effect.

Abstract: In a surface light source device of side light type applied to a liquid crystal display or the like, particularly, a surface light source device of side light type with emitting directivity, irregularities in luminance of output light are prevented from occurring in the vicinity of an incidence surface. In a surface light source device of side light type 10, a diffusible area M1 to diffusely reflect illumination light and an absorptive area (on a reflection sheet 11) to restrain the illumination light from reflection from bands in the vicinity of the incidence surface oppositely with the emitting surface of a light guide plate 12 with emitting directivity. It is thereby possible to reduce irregularities in output light luminance occurring in the vicinity of the incidence surface T. A light reflection member 18 may be arranged so as to extend over an edge EU of the emitting surface of the light guide plate 12, with directivity of illumination light emitted from the the emitting surface being modified.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source and an optical member, and is arranged to project a light beam emitted from the light source, via the optical member as illuminating light. The optical member includes a plurality of light guides each having an entrance surface opposed to the light source means, reflecting surfaces for reflecting the light beam which enters the optical member through the entrance surface, and an exit surface opposed to the entrance surface and having an area larger than the entrance surface. The plurality of light guides are adjacently disposed in such a manner that each of air layers is formed in at least part of each area at which the plurality of light guides are adjacent to each other.

Abstract: In a vehicle lamp, an upper wall and a lower wall are extended forwardly from the upper and lower edge of the main reflecting surface of a concave reflector in such a manner that the upper wall and the lower wall are substantially in parallel with the optical axis of the main reflecting surface, the upper wall has an inner surface in which a step surface is formed, and a mirror-finished flat surface is formed in the inner surface of the lower wall.

Abstract: A highly controllable way to light target areas includes a primary reflector which generates a defined primary beam in association with a light source. The primary beam, or at least a portion of the primary beam, is directed onto a secondary reflector which generates a secondary beam to the target space. Other options, enhancements, alternatives, and features are possibly utilized in the principles of the present invention whereby a primary light source is reflected off of a secondary reflector means. The secondary reflector can be configured in any number of contours, shapes, specularities, or other characteristics to alter and control the characteristics of the secondary beam.

Abstract: An emergency strobe light for warning the hearing impaired of emergency situations includes a bulb extending outwardly from a base along an axis. Reflectors extending outwardly from the base direct a high percentage of light output from the bulb along a horizontal plane and a vertical plane which intersect each other along the axis of the bulb. The strobe light draws little power and can be powered by a battery.

Abstract: In order to suppress generation of the line bow phenomenon created when light from a light source is collected into a linear form on the surface of an original document by a toric mirror, for example, and in order to obtain uniform lighting, the optical axis of the light source is made to be in a common plane with a line normal to the surface of the toric mirror. Accordingly, the light travelling to the toric mirror, between the light source and the toric mirror, and the light reflected by the toric mirror, travelling between the toric mirror and the second mirror, is not inclined relative to the toric mirror normal line. The second mirror, the optical path conversion mirror, can be a half-mirror positioned between the light source and the toric mirror. Alternatively, a separate light source can be provided on opposite sides of the second mirror. As another alternative, the second mirror can be divided into two portions, with the light source being provided between the two portions.

Abstract: An armored housing has resiliently supported therein the combined weight of a reflector structure, a lamp in the reflector structure and an electrical component, such as a ballast, mounted on the reflector structure. The reflector structure preferably comprises an extruded aluminum reflector support and a sheet metal reflector.

Abstract: A compact and efficient theatrical light that includes four mirrors, a gobo apparatus a colorchanger/dowser/diffusion system, and a lens system. The light beam is reflected four times, each time by 90 degrees. The second reflection is perpendicular to the plane formed by the initial path of the beam and the path after the first reflection. The gobo, the lens system and the colorchanger/dowser/diffusion system are located between the second and the third mirrors. This achieves a very compact, but fully capable light which may be attached to and protected by a truss system when in use and when in transport.Also discussed is a simple color changer/dowser/diffusion system with color glass panels mounted to tracks and moveable into and out of the optical path by cables connected to each panel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of minimizing glare from a lighting fixture using reflective glass as a lens and where the fixture is configured or desired to be configured to converge light to the same point in space. The method aims a top-most or bottom-most portion of the main reflector so that light reflected from it travels perpendicularly to the lens. Remaining portions of the main reflector either automatically adjust to the top-most or bottom-most portion or are adjusted so that glare is minimized by reimaging of the light source caused by reflectance from the glass lens in a manner that such reflectance is blocked wholly or partially by the light source and/or the holder of the light source and/or the supporting structure positioning the holder of the light source in place inside the housing. The apparatus according to the invention includes a lighting fixture having a housing, a light source and reflector in the housing, and a glass have reflecting properties on the housing.

Abstract: A stage lighting lamp unit includes a processor for receiving control data from a remote console. Beam orientation data for the lamp unit is passed to the lamp in the form of the x, y and z co-ordinates of a point in space through which the beam is to pass. The processor divides the required lamp travel into a number of stages dependent on execution duration data sent with the position data, and calculates, for each stage, a new value for pan and tilt angles for the lamp. These values are passed to pan and tilt controlling co-processors which control servo-motors for pan and tilt operation. The lamp unit also incorporates a rotatable shutter for interrupting the lamp beam when required. The shutters of all the lamps in a system can be instructed from the remote console to open and close in synchronism, thereby providing a stroboscopic effect.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed that efficiently projects electromagnetic radiation over a predetermined spherical sector with a tailored intensity distribution. The apparatus includes a base having a cavity and aperture that faces the spherical sector to be illuminated, with a flat, ring-shaped shoulder surrounding the aperture. The apparatus further includes a mask spaced over the aperture and a baffle projecting from the mask toward the aperture. The base, the mask, and the baffle are formed of a material having an outer surface with a significant diffuse, reflective characteristic. A source emits electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light) into the base cavity, and the base, mask and baffle are configured to redirect this radiation outwardly with the tailored intensity distribution (e.g., a uniform distribution) over the predetermined spherical sector (e.g., a hemisphere, or 2.PI. steradians).

Abstract: A dual functional lamp is provided wherein a mirror base having a reflective mirror is disposed above the shade of the lamp. The mirror base is connected to the supporting bracket. The mirror base can be suitable adjusted such that the light emitted from the incandescent bulb can be reflected to a desired location to increase the luminance thereof, consequently the reader may read a book with sufficient luminance.

Abstract: A light gathering apparatus for gathering luminous fluxes incident from two different directions, including a luminous flux gathering optical element which includes an array of continuous first and second reflection or emission surfaces alternately and symmetrically arranged with respect to bisectors of the angle defined by and between the luminous fluxes.

Abstract: A light radiating device is formed of a casing having an opened lower surface arranged at a perforating plane of a heatsensitive stencil sheet; a light emitting device arranged within the casing; and reflection mirrors including lower side reflection mirror contacted with the perforating plane of the heatsensitive stencil sheet, an upper side reflection mirror in continuous with the lower side reflection mirror in a predetermined angle and an upper reflection mirror arranged in continuous with the upper side reflection mirror and in parallel with the perforating plane of the heatsensitive stencil sheet. The mirrors are arranged in the casing and reflect light from the light emitting means against the perforating plane of the heatsensitive stencil sheet.