Abstract: Includes: a first offset voltage computing section, which is configured to compute, when the three-phase voltage commands are determined as a maximum phase, an intermediate phase, and a minimum phase in descending order, a first offset voltage by subtracting a first DC voltage calculated by multiplying the DC voltage by a first constant from the maximum phase, and to set the first offset voltage to zero when a sign of the first offset voltage is negative; a corrected three-phase voltage command computing section, which is configured to subtract the first offset voltage from each phase of the three-phase voltage commands to output corrected three-phase voltage commands; and an inverter, which is configured to output the three-phase voltages based on the corrected three-phase voltage commands.

Abstract: A more efficient power supply unit and a method for supplying power using same are disclosed. The power supply unit comprises a relay for switching alternating current power supplied from a plurality of sources; a direct current power supply for converting the switched current power to direct current power; and a controller for generating a switch signal to control the relay to switch the sources on the basis of the result for monitoring the alternating current power supplied from the sources.

Abstract: An on-board charger (OBC) for charging a traction battery of an electric vehicle includes a Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage to convert AC power from a mains supply into DC power for use in charging the traction battery, a bi-directional DC/DC converter coupled to the traction battery, a DC link capacitor between the PFC stage and the DC/DC converter, and a controller. The controller is operable to control the PFC stage and the DC/DC converter to operate in (i) a pre-charge mode in which the DC link capacitor is pre-charged using electrical power from the traction battery and (ii) a stable operation mode in which the traction battery is charged using the AC power from the mains supply.

Abstract: A three-phase AC reactor according to the present invention includes a peripherally enclosing external core; at least three core coils being in contact with or connected to an interior of the external core, each of the core coils including a core and a coil wound around the core, and the adjoining core coils being magnetically connected through a gap; and a barrier fitted on an end portion of the external core so as to enclose side surfaces of the coils.

Abstract: A bi-directional DC-DC resonant converter with bi-directional voltage control includes: primary converter terminals defining a primary voltage; secondary converter terminals defining a secondary voltage; a transformer device having primary transformer terminals and secondary transformer terminals; a resonant tank device having first and second primary resonant tank terminals defining a primary resonant tank voltage and first and second secondary resonant tank terminals defining a secondary resonant tank voltage, wherein the primary tank terminals are connected to the secondary transformer terminals; a primary switching circuit connected between the primary converter terminals and the primary transformer terminals; and a secondary switching circuit connected between the secondary resonant tank terminals and the secondary converter terminals.

Abstract: A charging device for electric vehicles includes two power sources interacting with a primary inductive device. The charging device also includes an input circuit having a first input connectable to a first power source, a second input and at least one output connectable to a charger, a secondary inductive device capable of being coupled to the primary inductive device for energy transfer between the primary inductive device and the secondary inductive device, thereby generating an induced electric signal at the output of the secondary inductive device, and a converter from the induced electric signal to an electric signal towards the second power supply input of the input circuit, the converter being configured such that the electric signal is similar to the electric signal of the first power source.

Abstract: Provided are: a smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to the DC power source; a bridge circuit including switching elements for converting DC power to AC power, flywheel diodes connected in reversely parallel, and flywheel-and-separation diodes connected in series to the flywheel diodes and serving concurrently as flywheel and separation diodes; an interconnection reactor on an output side, provided on AC output lines connecting the bridge circuit and an AC power source; and a separation circuit for separating the smoothing capacitor and the interconnection reactor from each other during a flywheel period of the flywheel diodes. The separation circuit includes separation switching elements and the flywheel-and-separation diodes. The separation switching elements are respectively connected between the two AC output lines and two series connection points between the flywheel diodes and the flywheel-and-separation diodes, so as to short-circuit the AC output lines.

Abstract: The anti-windup circuit generally has a voltage clamping device in series with a current limiting device operatively connectable to the output current path of a feedback compensator; the feedback compensator being part of a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) having an input voltage source and a load and generating constrained control values required to generate control on-off actions for tight power regulation. The inclusion of the disclosed anti-windup circuit in an SMPS may lead to hardware based overvoltage protection, reduced overall size and faster response to load changes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The bidirectional DC-DC converter includes a first switching tube connected in antiparallel to a first diode; a second switching tube connected in antiparallel to a second diode; a third switching tube connected in antiparallel to a third diode; a fourth switching tube connected in antiparallel to a fourth diode; and a first inductor and a second inductor, where an anode of the first diode and a cathode of the second diode are connected to form a first node, an anode of the second diode and a cathode of the third diode are connected to a neutral point, an anode of the third diode and a cathode of the fourth diode are connected to form a second node, and one end of the first inductor and one end of the second inductor are respectively connected to the first node and the second node. The bidirectional DC-DC converter in the present invention has high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A power conversion device includes a low-pass filter, a second inductor, a first switch, a third switch, a second capacitor, and a controller. The low-pass filter is configured for direct coupling to an alternating current power source. The first switch is connected in series with a second switch, a first connection point. The third switch is connected in series with a fourth switch, a second connection point. The second capacitor is coupled to the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch. The controller turns on and off the first, the second, the third, and the fourth switches based on a voltage of the alternating current power source directly coupled to the low-pass filter, a circuit current through the second inductor, a voltage across the second capacitor, and an average output voltage of the load circuit.

Abstract: A galvanic isolation circuit is formed by a differential transformer having primary and secondary windings for transmission of signals over a carrier between the primary and the secondary windings of the transformer. A galvanic isolation oxide layer is provide between the primary and secondary windings. Each winding includes include a center tap providing a low-impedance paths for dc and low frequency components of common-mode currents through the differential transformer. A pass-band stage is coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer and configured to permit propagation of signals over said carrier through the pass-band amplifier stage while providing for a rejection of common-mode noise.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes: an output terminal, wherein the output terminal has a first output terminal pin and a second output terminal pin; a number of rectifier elements; a voltage limiting unit having an electrical energy store, wherein the voltage limiting unit is designed to limit voltages across the rectifier elements; and a clocked energy regulator unit which is designed to regulate at a setpoint value energy which is stored in the electrical energy store.

Abstract: In one form, a bridgeless AC-DC converter includes a totem pole network having a first input adapted to be coupled to a second terminal of an AC voltage source, a second input adapted to be coupled to a first terminal of the AC voltage source through an inductor, an output terminal for providing an output voltage, and a return terminal, an output capacitor coupled between the output terminal and an output ground terminal, a sense element coupled between the return terminal and the output ground terminal, and a controller circuit coupled to the return terminal of the totem pole network. The controller circuit modulates an on time of an active switch in the totem pole network on a cycle-by-cycle basis by shortening the on time corresponding to an amount of time a current sense signal derived from a current through the sense element exceeds a current limit threshold.

Abstract: An insulated DC/DC converter includes: a transformer; a switching transistor; a rectifier circuit; a photocoupler; a feedback circuit configured to drive a light emitting element of the photocoupler such that an output voltage of the DC/DC converter approaches a target voltage; a primary side controller having a feedback terminal which is connected to a light receiving element of the photocoupler and receives a feedback signal from the photocoupler, a zero current detection terminal which receives a zero current detection signal corresponding to a voltage generated at one end of an auxiliary winding of the transformer, and a pulse modulator of a quasi-resonant mode configured to generate a pulse signal depending on the feedback signal and the zero current detection signal; and a starting control circuit which, in start-up of the DC/DC converter, electrically affects the zero current detection terminal such that an OFF time of the switching transistor lengthens.

Abstract: A solid state light source driver circuit that operates in either a buck convertor or a boost convertor configuration is provided. The driver circuit includes a controller, a boost switch circuit and a buck switch circuit, each coupled to the controller, and a feedback circuit, coupled to the light source. The feedback circuit provides feedback to the controller, representing a DC output of the driver circuit. The controller controls the boost switch circuit and the buck switch circuit in response to the feedback signal, to regulate current to the light source. The controller places the driver circuit in its boost converter configuration when the DC output is less than a rectified AC voltage coupled to the driver circuit at an input node. The controller places the driver circuit in its buck converter configuration when the DC output is greater than the rectified AC voltage at the input node.

Abstract: Methods and systems for regulating charging port attach and detach in an electronic device configured to receive a charging current from a charging port are provided. An example method includes automatically detecting a detach from the charging port. The method may further include automatically lowering a current limit associated with the charging current. The method may further include if during a predetermined wait time an attach to the charging port is detected, then ignoring the detach from the charging port and allowing the charging current to charge the electronic device at the lower current limit associated with the charging current. The method may further include if during the predetermined wait time the attach to the charging port is not detected, then initiating a charging port detach process.

Abstract: First and second semiconductor main-elements, each having a control electrode and a load path, the load paths connected in series between first and second supply nodes, are connected with each other via a first common node. Third and fourth semiconductor main-elements, each having a control electrode and a load path, the load paths connected in series and between a third supply node and the second supply node, are connected with each other via a second common node. A fifth semiconductor main-element has a control electrode and a load path operatively connected between the first common node and an output node. A sixth semiconductor main-element has a control electrode and a load path operatively connected between the second common node and the output node. At least two of the controllable semiconductor main-elements each include a plurality of identical controllable semiconductor subcomponents.

Abstract: Arrangements (1) for buffering energy comprise buffer capacitor circuits (10) with one or more buffer capacitors (11), first circuits (20) for guiding charging currents for charging the buffer capacitor circuits (10), and second circuits (30) with current source circuits (31-34) for defining amplitudes of de-charging currents for de-charging the buffer capacitor circuits (10), to better control the de-charging of the buffer capacitor circuits (10). The second circuits (30) may further comprise trigger circuits (51-53) for bringing the current source circuits (31-34) into activated modes, and latch circuits (61-63) for latching the current source circuits (31-34). The arrangements (1) may further comprise smoothing capacitor circuits (40) with one or more smoothing capacitors (41). The buffer capacitor circuits (10) may be coupled serially to the first circuits (20), and the first and second circuits (20, 30) may be coupled in parallel to each other.

Abstract: An electronic device including: a calculation unit configured to generate a signal representative of a physical magnitude, for a motor driving a display device, the motor including two terminals, one positive and one negative, via which the calculation unit controls the motor; at least one shock detection circuit connected between the calculation unit and one terminal of the motor for detection of an external shock applied to the motor. The shock detection circuit includes a comparison part comparing an induced voltage generated in the motor following a shock to a predetermined reference voltage to identify a shock, and a selection part.

Abstract: A number of DC-AC microinverters driven by separate photovoltaic sub-arrays are physically combined to use common components such as a common, common-mode choke. Each microinverter is controlled by a common switching controller to produce a portion of the desired output such that ripple on the combined output is minimized, and each microinverter produces a common mode signal on its associated sub-array equal in frequency to the desired AC output frequency.

Abstract: A power supply unit includes a transformer including a primary winding that receives an alternating-current voltage and a secondary winding including a first end electrically connected to ground, a positive-side rectification circuit including a diode electrically connected to a second end of the secondary winding, an anode of which is electrically connected to the second end, and a cathode of which is electrically connected to a positive-side output terminal, a negative-side rectification circuit including a diode electrically connected to the second end of the secondary winding, a cathode of which is electrically connected to the second end, and an anode of which is electrically connected to a negative-side output terminal, and a capacitor provided on a path from a node between the second end of the secondary winding and the positive-side rectification circuit and the negative-side rectification circuit to the ground through the secondary winding.

Abstract: A control unit for an active filter for reducing resonance in an electric system is provided. The electric system comprises a power source distributing an alternating current to an AC conductor connected to a power consuming unit for distributing the AC to the power consuming unit. The active filter comprises a DC power source and a DC conductor connecting the DC power source to the AC conductor. The control unit comprises: a voltage measurement unit adapter to create a voltage signal on the basis of a measured voltage; a computing unit adapted to compute, using a biquadratic filter, a first compensating current on the basis of the voltage signal for reducing resonance in the electric system; and a switching system placed between the DC power source and the DC conductor for creating the calculated first compensating current.

Abstract: A gasifier including a vertically disposed furnace body, a feeder disposed in a middle part of the furnace body and communicating with the furnace body, one or two layers of microwave plasma generators, an external heater configured to supply external thermal energy for the gasifier, and a monitoring unit. The furnace body includes an upper nozzle for spraying vapor, a lower nozzle for spraying CO2/vapor, a syngas outlet disposed at a top of the furnace body. The upper nozzle for spraying vapor is disposed in a clearance zone of the furnace body, and the lower nozzle for spraying CO2/vapor is disposed in a bed zone of the furnace body. The monitoring unit is disposed close to the syngas outlet. The one or two layers of microwave plasma generators are disposed above the upper nozzle in the clearance zone of the gasifier.

Abstract: A direct-current power supply device includes a switching unit constituted by a first switching element and a second switching element and a control unit that controls the operations of the first witching element and the second switching element. The switching unit has a first mode in which on-duty is a first value and a second mode in which the on-duty is a second value larger than the first value. When transitioning the switching unit from the first mode to the second mode, the control unit controls the switching unit such that the time until the on-duty reaches the second value is equal to or longer than a fixed time and controls, after the on-duty reaches the second value, an operation cycle of the switching unit to extend the operation cycle.

Abstract: A hybrid imaging system includes a magnetic resonance scanner and a second modality imaging system disposed in the same radio frequency isolation space. The second modality imaging system includes radiation detectors configured to detect at least one of high energy particles and high energy photons. In some embodiments a retractable radio frequency screen is selectively extendible into a gap between the magnetic resonance scanner and the second modality imaging system. In some embodiments shim coils are disposed with the magnetic resonance scanner and are configured to compensate for distortion of the static magnetic field of the magnetic resonance scanner produced by proximity of the second modality imaging system.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a harmonics correction method and apparatus. In an embodiment, the method and apparatus are carried out in a light-emitting diode (“LED”) lighting unit that includes a set or string of LED lights. According to an embodiment, the LED lighting unit is a line-replaceable unit (“LRU”).

Abstract: A charger with a wide range output voltage includes a voltage output side, a first constant voltage output unit, a voltage modulation unit and a load voltage detection unit. The first constant voltage output unit generates a first constant voltage. The load voltage detection unit detects a load voltage and transmits the load voltage to the voltage modulation unit. According to the load voltage and a load charging voltage requirement, the voltage modulation unit generates a modulation voltage and transmits the modulation voltage to the first constant voltage output unit. The first constant voltage output unit transmits the first constant voltage and the modulation voltage to the voltage output side. Moreover, the modulation voltage is an n times of a second constant voltage. The n is a positive number.

Abstract: A high power-factor buck-boost converter having a rectified low-frequency AC line voltage input and a DC output is provided. The converter may include a magnetic element, a controlled switch having a gate terminal and a drain terminal that is coupled to the magnetic element, a rectifier diode coupled to the magnetic element, an output smoothing capacitor coupled to the rectifier diode, and a control circuit having an output coupled to the gate terminal of the controlled switch for repeatedly turning the controlled switch off for a first time duration and on for a second time duration. The second time duration may be determined as a function of the first time duration immediately preceding the second time duration.

Abstract: Drivers (1-7) comprise respective switching circuits (1, 2) for guiding respective current signals during respective time-intervals for the sequential driving of light emitting circuits (91, 92). The respective time-intervals are defined by the fact that amplitudes of a mains signal are in respective ranges during the respective time-intervals. More specifically, there is a bypass switching circuit (5) for guiding a bypass current signal which bypasses all light emitting circuit (91, 92) during an initial time-interval. An adaptation circuit (6, 7) adapts amplitudes of the respective current signals during the respective time-intervals, to reduce a total harmonic distortion. Said adapting may comprise an adaptation in response to information derived from the amplitude of the mains signal, and may comprise shaping the amplitudes of the current signals in response to information derived from the amplitude of the mains signal.

Abstract: A current detection apparatus is provided which detects a current flowing through a detection part in an electrical circuit. The current detection apparatus includes a first coil connected in series with the detection part, a second coil magnetically coupled with the first coil, a full-wave rectifier circuit connected to both ends of the second coil, a switching element having a first end connected to a positive electrode side output part of the full-wave rectifier circuit and a second end connected to a first resistor, and a second resistor that forms a closed circuit with the second coil regardless of an open or closed state of the switching element.

Abstract: A rectifier circuit being arranged for rectifying electrical power, comprising a three phase power input, a magnetic splitter circuit being arranged for receiving the three phase power input and splitting the three phase power into a first three phase system and a second three phase system, the first three phase system having signals lagging signals of the second three phase system, a twelve pulse rectifier with six input terminal to connect the first and the second three phase system, and to generate a rectified electrical power at a power output, a three phase inductance being connected in series with the three phase power input and the magnetic splitter circuit, and a plurality of power factor correction (PFC) capacitors, each comprising first and second terminals, said first terminals being connected to respective input terminals of the twelve pulse rectifier, and the second terminals being connected to at least one common electrical point.

Abstract: In the field of high voltage direct current power transmission networks, a method of controlling a converter that includes at least one converter limb which corresponds to a respective phase of the converter, is described. The method includes obtaining a respective AC current demand phase waveform for each converter limb which the corresponding converter limb is required to track, and a DC current demand which each converter limb is also required to track. The method further determining a limb portion current for each limb portion that the limb portion must contribute to track the corresponding required AC current demand phase waveform and the required DC current demand, and providing a limb portion voltage source for each limb portion to achieve the corresponding limb portion current. The method carrying out mathematical optimization to determine one or more optimal limb portion currents and/or provide optimal limb portion voltage sources.

Abstract: A controller for use in a two-stage power supply is coupled to control switching of a switching element to regulate a transfer of energy from an input to an output of a flyback converter. The controller activates a boost switching element during a first interval in each line half cycle of an input voltage to boost an output voltage at an output of a boost-bypass converter. The controller deactivates the boost switching element during a second interval in each line half cycle such that the output voltage of the boost-bypass converter drops towards the input voltage during the second interval while the output voltage of the boost-bypass converter is greater than the input voltage. The controller controls the output voltage to follow the input voltage during a third interval of each line half cycle while the boost switching element remains deactivated and the input and output voltages are substantially equal.

Abstract: A control system for a wireless power switch without a NEUTRAL wire comprises a wireless controlled power switch with both terminals connected between a LINE wire and a switch wire of a switch box without the NEUTRAL wire; a power acquiring device having two power input terminals respectively connected to the LINE wire and the switch wire of the switch box; and a wireless automation control device receiving an output voltage of the power acquiring device as the required power, the wireless automation control device controlling open or close of the wireless controlled power switch according to wireless control signal wirelessly. Specifically, a load device is connected between the switch wire and the NEUTRAL wire, and impedance between the two power input terminals of the power acquiring device is substantially larger than impedance of the load device.

Abstract: A rectifying circuit includes, in part, first and second NMOS transistors, an impedance matching network, and an RF block circuit. The source and gate terminals of the first NMOS transistor respectively receive the ground potential and a biasing voltage. The second NMOS transistor has a gate terminal coupled to the drain terminal of the first NMOS transistor, a drain terminal coupled to the gate terminal of the first NMOS transistor, and a source terminal receiving the ground potential. The impedance matching network is disposed between the antenna and the drain terminals of the first and second NMOS transistors. The RF block circuit is coupled between the drain terminals of the first and second NMOS transistors and the output terminal of the rectifying circuit. The RF block circuit is adapted to prevent the RF signal from flowing into the output terminal of the rectifying circuit.

Abstract: Isolated DC-DC converters and methods for operating the same are described herein. DC-DC converters include a driver that drives a primary winding of a transformer to transmit power to a secondary winding of the transformer across an isolation barrier. In some embodiments, a pair of symmetrical serial capacitors are provided between the driver and the primary winding of a resonant DC-DC converter with an on-chip transformer to slow down variations of a common mode voltage on the primary winding during operation. This in turn can suppress radiation emissions related to time variation rates of the common mode voltage and, and can also improve electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance of the DC-DC converter.

Abstract: A power converting apparatus includes a rectifier converting alternating-current power from an alternating-current power supply into direct-current power; a short-circuit unit short-circuiting the alternating-current power supply via a reactor; and a controlling unit controlling the short-circuit unit in a half cycle of the alternating-current power supply. A correction amount using inductance of the reactor is set in the controlling unit, and the controlling unit changes, using at least a detection value of a power supply current and the correction amount, an ON time and an OFF time of a plurality of switching pulses, and controls, using changed switching pulses, an ON/OFF operation of the short-circuit unit.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus includes a rectifier to rectify a voltage of an input alternating current (AC) power source and a voltage drop device to output a dropped voltage using the voltage from the rectifier, and the voltage drop device includes a transformer and a communication voltage output device provided at a secondary side of the transformer to output a first direct current (DC) voltage for operation of a communication device. The communication voltage output device includes a first resistor provided at the secondary side of the transformer to reduce an output change rate of the first DC voltage and first and second zener diodes connected between the first resistor and ground to limit an upper limit of the first DC voltage. Accordingly, it is possible to stably supply a voltage to a communication unit while reducing standby power.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus can receive an alternating current (AC) signal at an input and provide in dependence thereon a low voltage direct current (DC) signal from an output stage. The apparatus comprises a main path comprising a capacitor in series with the input. The apparatus comprises a first path to carry current carried by the main path in at least one of a positive going part and a negative going part of the AC signal and a second path to carry current carried by the main path in a positive going part and a negative going part of the AC signal. The apparatus further comprises switches operative to determine when one of the first and second paths carries current. The output stage receives current flowing in the first path and at least one of the switches operates based on a control signal derived from the DC signal.

Abstract: The device includes a rectifier circuit that converts alternating-current power from an alternating-current power supply into direct-current power; a short-circuit unit that short-circuits the alternating-current power supply via a reactor connected between the alternating-current power supply and the rectifier circuit; and a control unit that controls an ON/OFF operation of the short-circuit unit during a half cycle of the alternating-current power supply. The control unit includes a driving-signal generating unit that generates a driving signal Sa that is a switching pulse to control the ON/OFF operation of the short-circuit unit; and a pulse dividing unit that divides the driving signal Sa into a plurality of switching pulses.

Abstract: A method and a circuit of detecting attachment and detachment between a portable device and a power converter are provided. The method and the circuit confirm attachment of the portable device to the power converter and generate an attachment signal. The method and the circuit further detect a bus voltage of the power converter for confirming detachment of the portable device from the power converter.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of transistors, each having a gate electrode including extending portions having a length obtained by dividing the gate electrode causing interruption to switching at a desired frequency, wherein current inflow terminals of the plurality of transistors are connected to each other and current outflow terminals of the plurality of transistors are connected to each other.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, when a power supply device including first and second amplification units which share an energy storage element is used, it is possible to reduce voltage stress on a semiconductor device and to consistently maintain voltages output to the first and second amplification units by independently adjusting the amplification rates of the first and second amplification units.

Abstract: There is provided a power converter which can suppress a surge voltage and reduce noise flowing from an input of a power changer. The power converter includes an inverter circuit 140, a capacitor 514 for smoothing DC power, a capacitor 515 for removing noise, and conductors 564p and 564n. The conductors 564p and 564n are connected to the capacitors 514 and 515 when power side terminals 562p and 562n are connected to an inverter circuit 140, and power source side terminals 561p and 561n are connected to a battery 136. In the conductors 564p and 564n, a parasitic inductance L1 between capacitor terminals 563p and 563n and capacitor terminals 560p and 560n is larger than a parasitic inductance L2 between capacitor terminals 563p and 563n and the power side terminals 562p and 562n.

Abstract: A trigger circuit includes an off-time controller configured to receive a sensing voltage by sensing a driving current and to compare the sensing voltage to first and second certain voltages that are close to a zero voltage value and symmetrical to the zero voltage value to control a turn-off time of a driving switch in order for the sensing voltage to correspond to the zero voltage value at the turn-on time point of the driving switch and a switching controller configured to provide a switching control signal for turning on the driving switch at the turn-on time point of the driving switch.

Abstract: A boost-bypass converter includes a boost inductor coupled between an input and an output of the boost-bypass converter. A bypass diode is coupled between the input the output of the boost-bypass converter. A boost switching element is coupled to the boost inductor, and is coupled to be activated during a first interval in each line half cycle of an input voltage to boost an output voltage at the output of the boost-bypass converter. The boost switching element is coupled to be deactivated during a second interval in said each line half cycle such that the output voltage drops towards the input voltage. The output voltage is coupled to follow the input voltage during a third interval in said each line half cycle of the input voltage. Energy is transferred between the input and the output of the boost-bypass converter through the bypass diode during the third interval.

Abstract: A voltage source converter for interconnecting first and second electrical networks, including first and second terminals for connection to the first electrical network, and a primary converter limb extending between the first and second terminals including first and second primary limb portions separated by a third terminal connectable to the second electrical network. The converter further including a second chain-link converter connected to the third terminal and a control unit configured to selectively operate one or more chain-link modules to generate a discontinuous pulse width modulation voltage waveform. The converter further including a controller configured to selectively operate each chain-link converter to control the configuration of a discontinuous pulse width modulation voltage waveform at the third terminal.

Abstract: A method comprises determining an operating mode based upon an input voltage and an output voltage of a resonant converter, wherein the resonant converter comprises a switch network coupled to an input dc power source, a resonant tank coupled to the switch network and a transformer coupled between the resonant tank and a secondary rectifier, wherein the secondary rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier, configuring the switch network to operate at a buck converter mode in response to a first input voltage and configuring the secondary rectifier to operate at a boost converter mode in response to a second input voltage, wherein the first voltage is higher than the output voltage and the second voltage is lower than the output voltage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a direct current power supply. An apparatus comprises a transformer and a rectifier. The transformer is figured to output a plurality of phase-shifted alternating currents in response to receiving a plurality of alternating currents. The plurality of alternating currents and the plurality of phase-shifted alternating currents form a plurality of input alternating currents that are offset relative to each other by one-twelfth of a cycle in phase. The rectifier is configured to form a direct current power supply having a common mode voltage reduced to zero within selected tolerances in response to receiving the plurality of input alternating currents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to circuit and apparatus for controlling an output of a constant current driver. A control apparatus is coupled between a constant current driver and a load, such as a lighting module, in order to add functionality to the overall system. The control apparatus is powered by the constant current driver and may control the dimming of the constant current driver by controlling the 0-10V dim input into the driver. The control apparatus may comprise one or more switching elements between the constant current driver and the load. The control apparatus may interface with external devices or communication networks in order to receive control commands or information that may be used for control purposes. Overall, the control apparatus is implemented into the system to enable added-value features that the constant current driver would otherwise not be able to implement.