Abstract: A switch module assembly including a switch module including a bus bar system having a positive bus bar and a negative bus bar, and at least one snubber capacitor fastened to the switch module, each of the at least one snubber capacitor having a body part, a positive terminal connected to the positive bus bar, and a negative terminal connected to the negative bus bar. The switch module assembly includes a capacitor support member adapted to reduce vibration of the body part of the at least one snubber capacitor relative to the switch module, the capacitor support member is made of flexible material, and is in contact with the body part of the at least one snubber capacitor and the switch module.

Abstract: A device includes a driver circuit to send data bits onto a data bus that is partitioned into a DC component and an AC component. The driver circuit is to, for some data bits, retrieve a value of a DC power ratio of the data bus. The driver circuit is further to determine, using the value of the DC power ratio, a first value for a first portion of total power to be dissipated over the DC component to transmit the data bits, and determine, using one minus the value of the DC power ratio, a second value for a second portion of total power to be dissipated over the AC component to transmit the data bits. The driver circuit is to determine whether to send the data bits onto the data bus using data bus inversion dependent on a combination of the first value and the second value.

Abstract: A power supply according to the present disclosure includes: a step-down circuit which has at least one pair of positive/negative step-down switching elements; at least one pair of positive/negative inductors to which voltage is applied via the step-down switching element, and one pair of positive/negative output capacitors which are connected in series and charged by electrical current passing through the inductor, and steps down input voltage and then outputs; an inverse-conversion circuit which has a plurality of inverse-conversion switching elements, and inverse-converts output voltage of the step-down circuit into alternating current; and a control circuit which controls switching of the plurality of step-down switching elements so that the output voltage of the step-down circuit becomes a desired voltage.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a modular multilevel dynamic switching DC-DC transformer, which consists of N DC-DC sub-modules connected in series. Each of the DC-DC sub-modules is of a symmetrical structure capable of realizing bidirectional power flow, which consists of two half-bridge sub-modules and isolating switches S1, S2 between capacitors C1, C2 of the two half-bridge sub-modules. The capacitors C1, C2 are disposed in parallel between the half-bridge sub-modules and the isolating switches. Assuming that the power flows in the primary side of the DC-DC transformer and flows out from the secondary side; the half-bridge sub-module located on the primary side of the DC-DC transformer is referred to as a primary-side sub-module; and, the half-bridge sub-module located on the secondary side of the DC-DC transformer is referred to as a secondary-side sub-modules.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a hybrid five-level bidirectional DC/DC converter and a voltage match modulation method thereof. The converter includes a first input filter capacitor Cinp and a second input filter capacitor Cinn, an output filter capacitor Co, a DC voltage source, a primary-side hybrid five-level unit, a primary-side two-level half bridge, a secondary-side single-phase full bridge H2, a high-frequency isolation transformer M1, a high-frequency inductor Ls, and a controller. A positive pole of a DC bus of the primary-side hybrid five-level unit is coupled to a positive pole of the corresponding DC voltage source and to a positive pole of the input filter capacitor Cinp respectively. A negative pole of the DC bus of the primary-side hybrid five-level unit is coupled to a negative pole of the corresponding DC voltage source and to a negative pole of the input filter capacitor Cinn respectively.

Abstract: A power conversion device achieves size reduction and reliability by reducing the number of components of the system. The power conversion device has a semiconductor module of a half-bridge configuration in which two semiconductor elements are arranged in series. The semiconductor module has a cuboidal shape and has, along a longitudinal direction thereof, a positive pole terminal, a negative pole terminal, and terminals for inputting or outputting alternating current or for forming a single phase of the power conversion device. In the vertical direction corresponding to a widthwise direction of the cuboid, a plurality of the semiconductor modules are arranged vertically, forming a plurality of phases of the power conversion device. The semiconductor modules of the plurality of phases are installed in contact with a cooling unit, and one or more capacitors are disposed so as to face the cooling unit across the semiconductor modules of the plurality of phases.

Abstract: A control unit repeats the series of processing of comparing a first phase representing a phase of the first reference sine wave and being a phase included in the first synchronization signal, with a second phase that is the phase of the second reference sine wave when the first synchronization signal is received when the communication unit receives the first synchronization signal from the other inverter generator, changing a phase change amount per unit time of the second reference sine wave in accordance with the comparison result, continuing to update the phase of the second reference sine wave so that the phase of the second reference sine wave changes with a phase change amount per unit time after the change with reference to the first phase until the next first synchronizing signal is received from the other inverter generator.

Abstract: A dual active bridge system can include a plurality of dual active bridges (DABs). Each DAB can have a first side connected in parallel and a second side connected in parallel such that each of the plurality of DABs share a common first side capacitor and a common second side capacitor. The plurality of DABs can be configured to be operated to reduce or eliminate ripple current at the first side capacitor and/or second side capacitor.

Abstract: A new class of DC-AC inverter consists of a buck or two buck converters and two or four low frequency switches, and it achieves ultra-high efficiency, reactive power flow capability, small size and low cost in grid-connected applications.

Abstract: The instant disclosure concerns a power converter including: a primary stage (110) including at least one first cut-off switch (S11, S12, S13, S14); a control circuit (112) capable of applying a first control signal to said at least ore first switch; a secondary stage (130) including at least one second cut-off switch (S21, S22, S23, S24); a control circuit (132) capable of applying a second control signal to said at least one second switch; a power transmission stage (120) coupling the primary stage (110) to the secondary stage (130), wherein the control circuit (132) of the secondary stage is electrically isolated from the control circuit (112) of the primary stage.

Abstract: A control circuit for an induction heating device includes a D.C. power supply, referenced to a ground connection and configured to supply power to the induction heating device. A switching device is configured to be selectively activated to control the induction heating device. The switching device is connected on one end to the ground connection. A resonant load is disposed between the D.C. power supply and the switching device, the resonant load including a capacitor and an inductor connected in a parallel configuration. At least one rectifying device is disposed in series with the resonant load and the switching device. The switching device is configured to control current from the D.C. power supply through the resonant load.

Abstract: A motor drive apparatus includes: a DC-side capacitor charged with direct current power; an inverter unit comprising multiple top switches and bottom switches, performing a switching operation so as to convert power stored in the DC-side capacitor into alternating current power, and outputting the converted alternating current power to a motor; a shunt resistor for detecting a current flowing through the DC-side capacitor; and a controller for controlling the inverter unit to perform dynamic braking for stopping the motor. Before the dynamic braking is performed, the controller controls the inverter unit to gradually increase a phase current flowing through the bottom switches.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a switch capacitor converter having first, second, third, and fourth power switches connected in series, can include: first, second, third, and fourth drivers configured to respectively drive the first, second, third power, and fourth power switches according to control signals; a bootstrap power supply circuit comprising a bootstrap capacitor configured to supply power to the first, second, and third drivers in a time-sharing manner; and a power supply configured to supply power to the fourth driver and charge the bootstrap capacitor, where the fourth power switch is grounded.

Abstract: An inverter circuit for realizing high-efficiency control of single-phase power of a single-phase three-wire power supply includes a bridge inverter circuit connected to an output end of a DC power supply, a freewheeling circuit connected to an output end of the bridge inverter circuit for providing freewheeling during switching of the bridge inverter circuit, and a control unit connected with the bridge inverter circuit and the freewheeling circuit. When the switching units in the high-frequency operating state are switched to an off state, the freewheeling circuit is controlled to operate continuously to output power to the U-phase line or the W-phase line, so that the switching units only participate in high-frequency operations in nearly half of the whole mains cycle, thereby switching loss and conduction loss of the switching units Q1 to Q6 can be reduced by nearly half, and the efficiency of the whole inverter circuit is greatly improved.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3-D) inductor is incorporated in a substrate. The 3-D inductor has a first connector plate, a second connector plate, a third connector plate, a first terminal plate, and a second terminal plate. Four multi-via walls connect the various plates, wherein each multi-via wall includes a first group of at least three individual via columns, each of which connects two plates together.

Abstract: A power module for a converter of electrical magnitudes having an electronic board on which a first electrical circuit is fashioned which defines a positive pole of a direct magnitude, a second electrical circuit is fashioned which defines a negative pole of a direct magnitude, and a third electrical circuit is fashioned which conducts an alternating magnitude. There is one or more first and second electronic switching devices arranged between the first and second electrical circuit, and the third electrical circuit so as to realize the conversion. The first and second electrical circuit are, at least for respective coupling portions, arranged in proximity to the electronic switching devices, neared and superposed at a same face of the board so that a capacitive and/or inductive coupling between the two circuits is realized.

Abstract: A reactor has one end connected to a neutral point of a transformer and the other end connected to a primary-side power supply. The transformer has almost no effective flux linkage for zero-phase current and has a phase difference between the primary side and the secondary side. A first bridge circuit and a second bridge circuit are connected to both ends of the transformer, and electric power of the primary-side power supply is controlled by the duty ratio of the first bridge circuit. The switching pattern of the second bridge circuit is phase-shifted in the leading direction and the lagging direction with reference to the switching pattern of the first bridge circuit, thereby achieving control such that soft switching operation can be performed even when the voltage ratio between the primary-side power supply and the secondary-side power supply fluctuates and the amount of transmission power is reduced.

Abstract: A system includes a DC-DC power converter including a first pair of input/output lines for connecting to a first device for supplying power to or drawing power from the first device, and a second pair of input output lines for supplying power to or drawing from a second device. The system includes at least one ultra-capacitor connected across the first pair of input/output lines.

Abstract: A cooking device includes a light unit and an insulation unit configured to electrically insulate the light unit. The insulation unit includes a first insulation element and a second insulation element, with the light unit being at least partially arranged between the first insulation element and the second insulation element.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a string of capacitors including at least two capacitors coupled in series and a switching circuit including a first port having first and second terminals connected to a first node and a second end node, respectively, of the string of capacitors, and a second port configured to be coupled to an energy storage device. The switching circuit is configured to selectively connect first and second terminals of the second port to a first end node, a second end node, and at least one interconnection node of the siring of capacitors. The apparatus also includes at least one inductor configured to be coupled in series with the second port of the switching circuit and the energy storage device and a charging switch configured to directly connect the first terminal of the second port to the second terminal of the second port.

Abstract: In a control device, control circuit units are connected to separate circuit power sources and to separate grounds. Ground monitor circuits respectively have a first resistor with one end connected to a voltage source, a second resistor with one end connected to an input terminal of a corresponding control circuit unit, and a capacitor. Among the one end of the first resistor, an other end of the first resistor, and the other end of the second resistor, at least one is connected to the subject system, and at least one is connected to an other system, and the control circuit unit monitors a ground abnormality of the other system based on a terminal voltage of the input terminal to which the second resistor is connected.

Abstract: Each one of the secondary converters has a corresponding transformer having a primary winding associated with a primary alternating current (AC) signal and a secondary winding associated with a secondary alternating current (AC) signal. A secondary controller provides secondary control signals to the secondary semiconductor switches of the secondary converters with one or more time-synchronized, target phase offsets with respect to an observed phase of the alternating current signal (e.g., primary alternating current signal or the secondary alternating current signal) to provide the target phase offset (or targeted phase offsets) commensurate with or sufficient to support a required electrical energy transfer from the primary controller to the corresponding secondary controller (or secondary controllers).

Abstract: This disclosure describes a control circuit to manage the energy flow for an integrated motor generator (IMG), such as an integrated starter generator (ISG) system. The circuit regulates the output voltage of the IMG when the IMG operates in generator mode. The circuit includes an additional switch for each phase connected in anti-series with the half-bridge circuit for the phase, e.g., the drain of the additional switch connects to the drain of the high-side switch. When the ISG is in generator mode, the additional switches are controlled, e.g., to charge the battery at a constant voltage and current throughout the speed range of the ISG (i.e. high rpm and low rpm). In generator mode, the high-side switches may be turned off, which configures the high-side switches to act as a diode and block battery discharge for low rpm operation when the phase voltages are lower.

Abstract: Each one of the secondary converters has a corresponding transformer having a primary winding associated with a primary alternating current (AC) signal and a secondary winding associated with a secondary alternating current (AC) signal. A secondary controller provides secondary control signals to the secondary semiconductor switches of the secondary converters with one or more time-synchronized, target phase offsets with respect to an observed phase of the alternating current signal (e.g., primary alternating current signal or the secondary alternating current signal) to provide the target phase offset (or targeted phase offsets) commensurate with or sufficient to support a required electrical energy transfer from the primary controller to the corresponding secondary controller (or secondary controllers).

Abstract: A resonant H-bridge laser driver circuit topology is described that can achieve high current levels at narrow pulse widths while using smaller transistor sizes. The resonant H-bridge topology can utilize parasitic inductors in conjunction with an external capacitor to create a resonant circuit in parallel with the load.

Abstract: A power converting apparatus includes: a capacitor including a plurality of cells, with a number and arrangement of the cells being determined according to characteristics of a motor; power converters separately disposed on opposite sides of the capacitor; a first cooler including a plurality of cooling tubes through which cooling water flows, located between the capacitor and the power converters, and cooling the capacitor and the power converters by being brought into surface contact with the capacitor and the power converters, with a length of any one of the plurality of the cooling tubes being determined according to the characteristics of the motor; and a housing in which the capacitor, the power converters, and the first cooler are assembled.

Abstract: A multi-level inverter having at least two banks, each bank containing a plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors. A processor configured to switch the plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors in each bank to switch at multiple times during each cycle.

Abstract: A gate resistance adjustment device has a waveform input unit that inputs waveforms of a drain voltage or a collector voltage and a drain current or a collector current at least one of during a switching device is turned on and during the switching device is turned off, an extraction unit that extracts time required for at least one of turning on or off the switching device and a steady-state drain current or a steady-state collector current of the switching device based on the waveforms input by the waveform input unit, a calculator that calculates a gate resistance of the switching device based on the time and the steady-state drain current or the steady-state collector current that are extracted by the extraction unit, and a setting unit that sets a gate resistance calculated by the calculator in the switching device.

Abstract: A modular multilevel converter and a power electronic transformer is provided. The modular multilevel converter includes: a low-frequency AC to DC conversion module, comprising three branch circuits connected in parallel between output ends, each branch circuit being formed of multiple IGBT half-bridge circuits connected in series, and an electric coupling point of two adjacent IGBT half-bridge circuits in a middle position of the branch circuit being connected to a voltage input end Vin; a DC to high-frequency AC conversion module, connected between the output ends, the DC to high-frequency AC conversion module being formed of multiple IGBT half-bridge circuits connected in series, the DC to high-frequency AC conversion module having multiple sets of output ends. The MMC and power electronic transformer includes a smaller volume, lower cost and better stability in use.

Abstract: Systems and methods to reduce magnetic flux in a switched mode power supply are disclosed. An example welding-type power supply includes a switched mode power supply, comprising: a transformer configured to transform an input voltage to a welding-type voltage; a capacitor in series with a primary winding of the transformer; switches configured to control a voltage applied to a series combination of the primary winding of the transformer and the capacitor; a comparator coupled to the transformer and configured to compare the welding-type output voltage to a threshold voltage; and a flux accumulator to determine a net flux in the transformer based on the voltage applied to the series combination of the primary winding of the transformer and the capacitor.

Abstract: Flyback converters and corresponding methods are provided. In an implementation, an on-time of a low-side switch of the flyback converter is kept at half a resonance period of a resonance defined by a leakage inductance of a transformer of the flyback converter and a capacitance value of a capacitor coupled to a primary winding of the transformer. Other methods, controllers and flyback converters are also provided.

Abstract: A half-bridge module includes a substrate with a base metallization layer divided into a first DC conducting area, a second DC conducting area and an AC conducting area; at least one first power semiconductor switch chip bonded to the first DC conducting area and electrically interconnected with the AC conducting area; at least one second power semiconductor switch chip bonded to the AC conducting area and electrically interconnected with the second DC conducting area; and a coaxial terminal arrangement including at least one inner DC terminal. The at least first outer DC terminal and the at least one second outer DC terminal protrude from the module and are arranged in a row, such that the at least one inner DC terminal is coaxially arranged between the at least one first outer DC terminal and the at least one second outer DC terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a power conversion device by which an inverter MOS transistors included in an inverter can be prevented from short-circuiting. It has a DC/DC converter unit converting a voltage of DC power to be inputted, a transformation unit transforming the DC power converted by the DC/DC converter unit, an inverter unit converting the DC power transformed by the transformation unit to AC power, a control unit driving/controlling the inverter unit, a wireless power reception unit receiving power fed by wireless power feed to supply it to the control unit, a wireless power transmission unit transmitting power to the wireless power reception unit, and a power supply unit supplying power to the wireless power transmission unit.

Abstract: A detection error occurs due to ripple when a current transformer detects zero cross of current. Provided is a detection device for detecting zero cross of output current output from switching circuit including a first switching element and a second switching element connected in series, and the detection device has: an acquisition unit which acquires an observation value that is based on gate current or an observation value based on gate voltage of at least one switching element of the first switching element and the second switching element, during Miller period in which Miller capacitance between a drain and a gate is charged; and a detection unit which detects zero cross of output current flowing between (i) output terminal between first switching element and second switching element and (ii) a load connect to output terminal, based on observation value during Miller period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DC-DC converter and to a method for controlling a DC-DC converter with high dielectric strength and reduced power losses. An optimized control of a potential-isolating multi-level half-bridge converter according to a phase-shifted full-bridge configuration with a novel modulation method is proposed.

Abstract: A converter (30) comprises first and second DC terminals (32,34) connectable in use to a DC network (40), the converter (30) including a converter limb (36) extending between the DC terminals (32,34), the converter limb (36) including first and second limb portions separated by an AC terminal (38), the AC terminal (38) connectable in use to an AC voltage, each limb portion including at least one director switch (44) connected in series with a waveform synthesizer between the AC terminal (44) and a respective one of the first and second DC terminals (32,34), the waveform synthesizers operable to control the modulation of an AC voltage waveform at the AC terminal (38), each director switch (44) operable to switch the respective waveform synthesizer into and out of circuit between the respective DC terminal (32,34) and the AC terminal (38); and a controller (56) programmed to selectively control the switching of the director switches (44) to switch both of the limb portions into circuit concurrently to form a cu

Abstract: An induction heating power supply apparatus includes a smoothing section to smooth pulsating current of DC power output from a DC power supply section, and an inverter to convert the DC power smoothed by the smoothing section to AC power. The smoothing section includes a pair of bus bars connected to the inverter and a capacitor connected to the pair of bus bars. Each of the bus bars has an external surface extending in a current flow direction, the external surface including a flat face having a larger surface dimension than another face of the external surface in a direction perpendicular to the current flow direction. The bus bars are arranged in a layered manner such that the flat faces of the bus bars are opposed to each other and such that an insulator is sandwiched between the flat faces of the bus bars.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is provided that includes a split direct current (DC) link having a first capacitor coupled between a positive DC link terminal and a first node, and a second capacitor coupled between the first node and a negative DC link terminal. The UPS also includes a rectifier coupled to an input of the split DC link and a controller coupled to the rectifier. The rectifier includes first, second, and third legs, wherein each leg is configured to convert a first alternating current (AC) voltage received from an AC source into a DC voltage to be provided to the split DC link, and a fourth leg configured to balance DC link voltages of the first and second capacitors. The controller is configured to maintain functionality of the rectifier during at least one of a partial utility power outage, a full utility outage, and a failure of at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth legs.

Abstract: A power generation module including: a power generation element; an AC generation circuit configured to convert DC current output from the power generation element into AC current; a module-side inductance element configured to generate a magnetic field from the AC current; a phase information acquiring circuit; and a control circuit; and a power-collector closed circuit including a power collector-side inductance element configured to electromagnetically couple to the module-side inductance element to generate an induced electromotive force, wherein, when reference AC current flowing in the power-collector closed circuit flows through the power collector-side inductance element, the module-side inductance element electromagnetically coupled to the power collector-side inductance element generates AC current corresponding to the reference AC current, and the control circuit acquires phase information related to the reference AC current via the phase information acquiring circuit so that the control circuit co

Abstract: The present invention disclose a method and apparatus for pulse-width modulation (PWM) of a variable-frequency drive (VFD), the method comprising: for each sector of a space vector graph for PWM of the VFD, identifying at least two possible clamping phases in switching between the vectors in the sector; comparing currents in multiple phases in at least one PWM cycle; in the sector of the space vector graph corresponding to the PWM cycle, determining the possible clamping phase with the maximum current in the at least two possible clamping phases; and clamping the determined possible clamping phase with the maximum current.

Abstract: A switch circuit of a converter includes three switch units. A first switch unit includes a first switch device, a second switch device, a third switch device, and a fourth switch device that are connected in series. A second switch unit includes a fifth switch device and a sixth switch device that are connected in series. A third switch unit includes a seventh switch device and an eighth switch device that are connected in series. When the first switch device and the fifth switch device are switched on, the seventh switch is controlled to be switched on. When the fourth switch device and the sixth switch device are switched on, the eighth switch device is controlled to be switched on, thereby effectively reducing a conduction loss of the converter.

Abstract: A system comprises a first inverter switch and a second inverter switch connected in series between a positive dc bus and a negative dc bus, a freewheeling apparatus connected between a common node of the first inverter switch and the second inverter switch, and ground, a first soft switching network coupled between the positive dc bus and the common node of the first inverter switch and the second inverter switch, wherein the first soft switching network is configured such that the first inverter switch is of a first zero voltage transition and a second soft switching network coupled between the negative dc bus and the common node of the first inverter switch and the second inverter switch, wherein the second soft switching network is configured such that the second inverter switch is of a second zero voltage transition.

Abstract: A snubber circuit includes a clamp circuit and a voltage conversion circuit. The clamp circuit is configured to absorb electrical energy of a main circuit from a pair of secondary-side voltage points on a secondary side of the main circuit to clamp a secondary-side voltage. The main circuit is of insulating type and is configured to perform electric power conversion. The voltage conversion circuit which is of insulating type is electrically connected to a pair of primary-side voltage points on a primary side of the main circuit and is configured to subject, to direct-current conversion, the direct-current voltage generated by the clamp circuit and output the direct-current voltage to the pair of primary-side voltage points. The voltage conversion circuit includes a transformer, a first capacitance component electrically connected to a primary winding wire of the transformer, and a second capacitance component electrically connected to a secondary winding wire of the transformer.

Abstract: A system for reducing a resonant oscillation on a direct current bus is disclosed. The system includes a battery, a first capacitor connected in parallel with the battery, and an inductor connected in series with the first capacitor. The system also includes a first element connected in series with the inductor, a second element connected in parallel with the inductor and the first element, and a second capacitor connected in series with the first element. The system also includes an electric machine connected to the second capacitor. During a re-generation mode for charging the battery, a re-generation current flows from the electric machine to the battery, passing through the first element and the inductor and bypassing the second element. Additionally, during a motor mode, a motor current flows from the battery to the electric machine, passing through the second element and bypassing the first element and the inductor.

Abstract: A generation circuit is configured to generate an output voltage command value Vor* for an inverter based on a three-phase reference value Vr, a zero-phase reference value, a detected value of a current sensor, and a detected value of a voltage sensor. A compensation circuit is configured to compensate for a voltage drop in a three-phase AC line when three-phase AC power is supplied from the inverter to an AC load. A corrector is configured to correct the output voltage command value Vor* based on a compensation command value Vol. A control circuit is configured to control the inverter based on an output voltage command value Vo* corrected by the corrector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variation of the clock frequency for pulse-width-modulated actuation of an electrical converter. In this context, the clock frequency can be specifically lowered in an angle range of an electrical period of an AC current to be output. The specific lowering of the clock frequency during predetermined angle ranges of the electrical period allows the load on the switching elements in the converter to be adjusted. As a result, it is possible, by way of example, to adjust the temperature distribution or thermal load in the converter.

Abstract: A three-phase, N-level inverter and method are disclosed. A circuit topology of the inverter comprises first, second and third sets of switches and first, second and third inductors. Each switch comprises at least first, second and third terminals, the first terminals being control terminals. The first terminals of the first, second and third inductors are electrically coupled to the first, second and third sets of switches, respectively. A current controller performs a control algorithm that causes it to output first, second and third sets of gating signals to the control terminals of the switches of the first, second and third sets of switches, respectively, to cause them to be placed in an on state or an off state in a particular sequence to perform zero voltage switching while maintaining synchronization of the three phases of the three-phase, N-level inverter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for supplying power at a medium voltage from an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to a load without using a transformer are disclosed. The UPS includes an energy storage device, a single stage DC-DC converter or a two-stage DC-DC converter, and a multi-level inverter, each of which are electrically coupled to a common negative bus. The DC-DC converter may include two stages in a unidirectional or bidirectional configuration. One stage of the DC-DC converter uses a flying capacitor topology. The voltages across the capacitors of the flying capacitor topology are balanced and switching losses are minimized by fixed duty cycle operation. The DC-DC converter generates a high DC voltage from a low or high voltage energy storage device such as batteries and/or ultra-capacitors. The multi-level, neutral point, diode-clamped inverter converts the high DC voltage into a medium AC voltage using a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.

Abstract: Disclosed are a power converting apparatus and a photovoltaic module including the same. The photovoltaic module includes: a converter configured to convert a level of DC power; an inverter configured to convert a half sine wave voltage from the converter into an AC voltage; and a controller configured to control the converter and the inverter based on an output current and an output voltage of the inverter, wherein a plurality of switching elements in the inverter is respectively turned on once in each cycle, and wherein the controller is configured to, based on a difference between a grid voltage and an output current of the inverter, control a bidirectional current to flow to the converter. Accordingly, the power converting apparatus including the unfolding inverter is able to control a power factor.

Abstract: An electrical energy router includes cascaded submodules. Each submodule of the cascaded submodules includes a rectifying stage and an isolating stage. The rectifying stage includes a structure of a neutral point clamped full bridge. The isolating stage includes a DC-DC converter, which includes a primary side, a secondary side and a transformer. The primary side includes a structure of a neutral point clamped half bridge. A DC side of the neutral point clamped half bridge is connected to a DC bus line of the rectifying stage.