Abstract: A digital memory element having three miniaturized electron tubes, which is faster and smaller by at least one further order of magnitude than known digital memory elements, can be produced through conventional and additive lithography. The digital memory element is a small memory capacitor linked to the anode of a write-in tube, to the cathode of an erase tube, and to a deflection element of a read-out tube which deflects an electron beam, in dependence upon the charge state, to one of two detectors.

Abstract: A voltage of an intensity corresponding to information to be recorded is applied to a recording medium which comprises a film containing a charge generating material. The film is sandwiched between two electrodes. Electric charges are accumulated in the recording medium upon application of the voltage so that information is recorded. When light is irradiated to the recording medium, the stored charges are converted into photo-current. The recorded information is read out by detecting the photo-current. When the electrodes are short-circuited, the recorded information is erased.

Abstract: An optical memory device having at least two nonlinear optical media connected together by at least two light paths. This optical memory device can make high-speed light pulse signal processing which cannot be realized by the conventional electric switch.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic thin film device having an organic thin film consisting of a mixed-stacked charge-transfer complex, wherein the organic thin film contains n species of donor molecule D.sub.1 . . . D.sub.n and m species of acceptor molecule A.sub.1 . . . A.sub.m and forms mixed crystal represented by (D.sub.1).sub.x1 . . . (D.sub.n).sub.xn -(A.sub.1).sub.y1 . . . (A.sub.m).sub.ym and the combinations of a donor molecule and an acceptor molecule consist of a group forming ionic complex crystal and a group forming neutral complex crystal.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: An optical memory system includes memory cells which utilize synthetic DNA as a component of the information storage mechanism. In the preferred embodiment, memory cells contain one or more chromophoric memory units attached to a support substrate. Each chromophoric memory unit comprises a donor, an acceptor and, at some time during its existence, an active quencher associated with the donor and/or the acceptor. The donor and the acceptor permit non-radiative energy transfer, preferably by Forster energy transfer. To write to the memory cell, the quencher is rendered inactive, preferably by illumination with ultraviolet light. To read, the chromophoric memory units in a read portal are illuminated, and the read illumination is detected. In the preferred embodiment, multiple chromophoric memory units having resolvable read properties are contained within a single read portal. In this way, a multibit word of data may be read from a single diffraction limited read portal.

Abstract: Sub-micron-scale, micron-scale and greater than micron-scale, crack-free and regularly-shaped structures of high-contrast refractive index are provided in transparent storage media by controllably focusing ultrashort laser pulses in the bulk of virtually any transparent medium respectively during operation in a "low energy," a "high energy", and a "third" operating regime. In any operating regime, the crack-free and regularly-shaped structures of high-contrast refractive index may be controllably patterned in 2-D or 3-D so as to permanently store both digital and non-digital information in the bulk of the transparent storage medium. For digital-type information, greater than one (1) Terabit, and up to one hundred (100) Terabit, digital information storage capacity in a CD-ROM sized disc is provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns optical memories. Such an optical memory (30) comprises a data line (31) which is optically coupled via a directional waveguide coupler (33) to a circular memory loop (32). In addition, it comprises a pump line (35), which is employed in order to couple a refresh signal into the loop (32). As in case of the data line, the pump line is coupled via a directional waveguide coupler (34) to the loop (32). The counter propagating refresh light pulse provides for an amplification of the light pulse circulating in the memory loop being doped with Erbium ions. The length L of the memory loop (32) is chosen such that the circulation frequency of the light pulse in said loop (32) is equal to the clock frequency of the optical memory (30). The memory provides for individual manipulation of each stored optical bit.

Abstract: An optical memory (10) is disclosed in which data is stored in an optical data layer (19) capable of selectively altering light such as by changeable transmissivity, reflectivity, polarization, and/or phase. The data is illuminated by controllable light sources (15) and an array of multi-surface imaging lenslets (21) project the image onto a common array of light sensors (27). Data is organized into a plurality of regions or patches (called pages) and by selective illumination of each data page, one of the lenslets (21) images the selected data page onto the light sensors (27). Light in the data image pattern strikes different ones of the arrayed light sensors (27), thereby outputting a pattern of binary bits in the form of electrical data signals.

Abstract: A recording medium includes an underlying conductor layer, an insulating layer formed on the underlying conductor layer, and a recording layer formed with a domain structure on the insulating layer, wherein the recording layer contains a domain constituent material and an impurity whose molar ratio to the domain constituent material is 10% or lower, and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the impurity is higher in energy than the highest occupied molecular orbital of the domain constituent element, or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the impurity is lower in energy than the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the domain constituent material.

Abstract: There is provided an optical memory medium comprising a flat plate modified on the surface thereof by a photolytic residual group, an optical recording apparatus comprising an optical probe having a microscopic aperture on the leading end thereof, a light source, X-Y-Z position control means, and a controller for controlling the apparatus as whole and an apparatus for reading the optical memory medium comprising the optical memory medium, a friction detecting probe, an X-Y-Z position control means and a controller for controlling the apparatus as a whole.

Abstract: The recording method and apparatus according to this invention is an "optical recording method utilizing a simulated photon echo" in which information is recorded by irradiating data a.d record excitation lights at the same time or at different times on the same location of a recording medium, and in which the delay time of a record excitation light electric field and a data light electric field is recorded as the information by use of a common incoherent light split into two equal parts: the data light and the record excitation light. In the reproducing method and apparatus according to this invention, reproducing excitation and probe lights are illuminated on the recording medium and the stimulated photon echo light emitted from the medium by illumination of the reproducing excitation light overlaps the probe light. The "stimulated photon echo" reproducing the information is utilized by converting the synthetic light obtained from the overlap into an electrical signal at a photo detector.

Abstract: An ultra-high density optical storage system includes an array of nanometer-scale emitter tips which are associated with corresponding storage surfaces. The tips are optically selectively activated to produce data features simultaneously on their corresponding storage surfaces, with the resulting data features having diameters approximately the same as the diameters of the emitter tips. The array is scannable to selected locations, whereby a data set can be stored in parallel at each location. Because of the small size of the data features, the locations of adjacent features can be spaced apart by a distance on the order of 10 nm for ultradense storage.Stored data can be selectively read out optically by positioning the emitter tip array at the location of the data set to be read and directing light onto the storage surfaces for each tip. Light reflected from the surfaces will correspond to the presence or absence of a data feature at each tip for parallel readout.

Abstract: An improved method for stereolithographically making an object by alternating the order in which similar sets of vectors are exposed over two or more layers. In another method, a pattern of tightly packed hexagonal tiles are drawn. Each tile is isolated from its neighboring tiles by specifying breaks of unexposed material between the tiles. Using an interrupted scan method, vectors are drawn with periodic breaks along their lengths. In another method, modulator and scanning techniques are used to reduce exposure problems associated with the acceleration and deceleration of the scanning system when jumping between vectors or changing scanning directions.

Abstract: An improved method for stereolithographically making an object by alternating the order in which similar sets of vectors are exposed over two or more layers. In another method, a pattern of tightly packed hexagonal tiles are drawn. Each tile is isolated from its neighboring tiles by specifying breaks of unexposed material between the tiles. Using an interrupted scan method, vectors are drawn with periodic breaks along their lengths. In another method, modulator and scanning techniques are used to reduce exposure problems associated with the acceleration and deceleration of the scanning system when jumping between vectors or changing scanning directions.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus comprising a material having a photoconductivity, an energy bandgap, and trap levels. The material is typified by a thin film of polycrystalline diamond. The material is illuminated with a first light having photon energies greater than the energy bandgap of the material. Then, the material is illuminated with a second light having photon energies smaller than the energy bandgap of the material to thereby induce a photocurrent. The amount of the first light can be known by measuring the induced photocurrent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making high resolution objects by stereolithography utilizing low resolution materials which are limited by their inability to form unsupported structures of desired thinness and/or their inability to form coatings of desired thinness. Data manipulation techniques, based on layer comparisons, are used to control exposure in order to delay solidification of the material on at least portions of at least some cross-sections until higher layers of material are deposited so as to allow down-facing features of the object to be located at a depth in the building material which is equal to or exceeds a minimum cure depth that can effectively be used for solidifying these features. Similar data manipulations are used to ensure minimum reliable coating thicknesses exist, above previously solidified material, before attempting solidification of a next layer. In addition, horizontal comparison techniques are used to provide enhanced cross-sectional data for use in forming the object.

Abstract: A device for optically storing and retrieving information incorporating a cadmium fluoride crystal. Using focused ionizing radiation, patterns can be formed in the crystal by the creation of color centers and/or intrinsic luminescence quenched areas. The stored information can then be retrieved by irradiating the crystal with visible light, ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation or combinations thereof. The device and the storage technique allows the storage of various different levels of information, the different levels being retrievable by using different irradiating media and magnifications of the retrieved information. The device and technique also allows the information to be stored for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A system is provided for producing a three dimensional object from a reactive liquid medium capable of being solidified. The object is constructed from many successive layers of the solidified reactive liquid medium when subjected to appropriate synergistic stimulation. A reservoir contains both the reactive liquid medium and an underlying supporting, substantially immiscible, non-reactive liquid medium. To begin forming the object, a platform within the reservoir is initially positioned at a depth equal to the thickness of a first layer to be solidified, and continues to support the object being constructed. The synergistic source radiates toward the reactive liquid medium and imaging apparatus defining a three dimensional object of required configuration selectively controls the size and shape of that part of a new two dimensional layer to be solidified. At least part of the new layer is solidified, after which a further layer is applied.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: The recording method and apparatus according to this invention is an "optical recording method utilizing a simulated photon echo" in which information is recorded by irradiating data and record excitation lights at the same time or at different times on the same location of a recording medium, and in which the delay time of a record excitation light electric field and a data light electric field is recorded as the information by use of a common incoherent light split into two equal parts: the data light and the record excitation light. In the reproducing method and apparatus according to this invention, reproducing excitation and probe lights are illuminated on the recording medium and the stimulated photon echo light emitted from the medium by illumination of the reproducing excitation light overlaps the probe light. The "stimulated photon echo" reproducing the information is utilized by converting the synthetic light obtained from the overlap into an electrical signal at a photo detector.

Abstract: A fluorescent method comprising changing charge amount in an organic dye thin film by a voltage applied between a pair of electrodes, and increasing and decreasing efficiency of fluorescence generated by exciting the organic dye thin film with a light source depending on the change of the charge amount is disclosed. A fluorescent device comprising an organic dye thin film, a pair of electrodes disposed to apply pressure to the organic dye thin film and a light source generating fluorescence by exciting the organic dye thin film, wherein efficiency of the fluorescence is increased and decreased depending on the change of the charge amount in the organic dye thin film by voltage applied between the electrodes is also disclosed. A fluorescent recording method comprising accumulating charges in an organic dye thin film by a voltage applied between a pair of electrodes, changing efficiency of fluorescence of the organic dye thin film depending on the accumulation of charges and recording is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminas, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: A system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: A three-dimensional optical memory based on stacked thin film electron trapping layers. Each thin film electron trapping layer is sandwiched between pairs of insulating layers and transparent electrodes. When an electric field is applied across the electron trapping layer via the electrodes, the electron trapping process is enhanced. In this way, electrical page addressing can be achieved for writing data to the memory. The data are read out by an IR light directed into the electron trapping film from the edge, again preferably with the application of an electric field across the addressed layer to enhance readout. The application of an electric field across an addressed layer during the writing and reading steps effectively eliminates inter-page crosstalk.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object-forming method for forming an object of a three-dimensional shape with photosetting resin, includes the following steps. The desired three-dimensional shape is represented by a set of data related to sectional shapes of the three-dimensional shape cut at predetermined intervals distance of. The laser light is scanned, from above a tank containing liquid of photosetting resin not yet hardened, outward around a predetermined point of each sectional shape in a manner to trace similar figures to an arbitrary shape, to thereby to set a surface of a resin layer in a shape corresponding to one sectional shape. The set resin layer is sunk into the liquid of the photosetting resin not yet hardened by a distance of a cross section. A plurality of the set resin layers of the photosetting resin is laminated by repeating the scanning and sinking steps on the basis of the set of data.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical computing element for use in an optical computer utilizing computing light rays having a plurality of wavelength components. The optical computing element comprises a photo-chemical hole burning element which functions as a wavelength selecting filter of the computing light rays. Therefore, the optical computer using the photo-chemical hole burning element of the invention can perform arithmetic operations by taking advantage of differences in optical wavelength. The computer can efficiently perform bulky arithmetic processing, and can also speedily perform arithmetic operations through simultaneous parallel processing for information.

Abstract: This invention provides novel polymers which contain discrete photoconductive and electrooptic moieties. The moieties may exist as part of the main chain of the polymer or as pendant side chains. The polymers have utility as transparent photorefractive media in photorefractive devices.

Abstract: Selected domains, normally 10.sup.3 .times.10.sup.3 such domains arrayed in a plane, within a three-dimensional (3-D) volume of active medium, typically 1 cm.sup.3 of spirobenzopyran containing 10.sup.2 such planes, are temporally and spatially simultaneously illuminated by two radiation beams, normally laser light beams in various combinations of wavelengths 532nm and 1024nm, in order, dependent upon the particular combination of illuminating light, to either write binary data to, or read binary data from, the selected domains by process of two-photon (2-P) absorption. One laser light beam is preferably directed to illuminate all domains of the selected plane in and by a one-dimensional spatial light modular (1-D SLM). The other laser light beam is first spatially encoded with binary information by 2-D SLM, and is then also directed to illuminate the domains of the selected plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical computing element for use in an optical computer utilizing computing light rays having a plurality of wavelength components. The optical computing element comprises a photo-chemical hole burning element which functions as a wavelength selecting filter of the computing light rays. Therefore, the optical computer using the photo-chemical hole burning element of the invention can perform arithmetic operations by taking advantage of differences in optical wavelength. The computer can efficiently perform bulky arithmetic processing, and can also speedily perform arithmetic operations through simultaneous parallel processing for information.

Abstract: This application concerns an optical storage with an optical storage medium having a plurality of storage fields arranged in matrix fashion, wherein each storage field of this storage field matrix comprises a storage position matrix consisting of a number of storage positions arranged in matrix fashion, and an X/Y deflection system for random-addressing a storage position of a storage field of the storage field matrix responsive to an X- and a Y-control signal generated by a control unit, so that a light beam impinging on the X/Y deflection system is directed to a storage position of a storage field of the optical storage medium corresponding to the position of the X/Y deflection system.

Abstract: There is provided a photosensitive medium for recording a charge latent image, composed of a photo-conductive layer having an electrode and a protective layer at each surface thereof. There is further provided a charge latent image recording method. A photo-conductive layer and a charge holding layer, each having an electrode at a surface thereof, are arranged to face each other through a gap. A predetermined voltage is applied across the photo-conductive layer and the charge holding layer through the electrodes to cause discharge thereacross. At the time, an electro-magnetic wave corresponding to the charge latent image intended to be recorded is emitted to the photo-conductive layer. The impedance of the photo-conductive layer is thus varied to record the charge latent image on the charge holding layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recording and reading information in a recording medium comprising a thin film of an organic compound having polymorphisms. The free energy of each polymorphism is different with each other. Information is recorded in the recording medium by applying energy to the recording medium and transferring locally the polymorphism of the organic compound to another polymorphism of the organic compound. The amount of the energy corresponds to the difference in free energy between the polymorphisms. Information is read from the recording medium by optically discriminating between the optical absorption properties of the polymorphisms.

Abstract: A system for recording and reproducing a charge latent image in a recording medium has a transparent electrode (3), a photoconductive layer (4) on the electrode (3), a dielectric layer (8), a photoconductor layer (4) and a charge transfer suppressive layer (16). The system also includes a biasing element including a pair of electrodes (3, 19), a power source (10) for applying an electric field between the pair of electrodes, and an optical system (1) for directing an electro-magnetic radiation beam from an object (0) thereby forming an image thereof in the photoconductive layer (4).

Abstract: Phase modulation is used to record data in a spectral hole burning material. A laser and a phase modulator are used to generate both a reference pulse and a phase modulated data pulse to the material. The data is recorded as spectral holes in the absorption spectrum of the material. In order to read the data, a second reference pulse is generated which creates an echo pulse from the material. This echo pulse is combined with a frequency shifted comparator pulse in order to generate a heterodyne signal. A phase sensitive demodulator detects the phase transitions in the heterodyne signal and generates a digital signal representative of the data recorded.

Abstract: In a method of high density (>10.sup.12 bits/cc) optical recording of information in a three-dimensional multilayered format, information is written in a photopolymer as submicron volume elements of altered index of refraction. The index change results from alteration of the photopolymer induced by two-photon excitation of the photo-sensitizer at the waist of a highly focused beam from a subpicosecond colliding pulse modelocked laser. Quadratic dependence of two-photon excitation on incident instantaneous intensity serves to confine crosslinking of the polymer to the focal volume; hence, bit array layers may be written with thicknesses on the order of the confocal parameter. As an example, eight well resolved bit planes can be written in a olymer film about 30 microns thick. Information written in this manner may be read with sufficient axial resolution by differential interference contrast (DIC) or confocal microscopy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus operate an optical memory to perform bit-slice associative memory operations by storing a plurality of keywords to define a keyword database and accessing the database by means of one of the keywords. Preferably, the plurality of keywords are unique and are used to retrieve data which corresponds individually to the keywords. Operation of the memory is by identification of a keyword, the location of which is to be determined within the memory, for example for data retrieval. The identified keyword is then used effectively as a retrieval mask to access the plurality of keywords. The keyword database and its complement are stored in an optical device with the keyword to be retrieved and its complement being stored in recall optical devices. The keyword database or its complement is repetitively swept by shifting output columnar vectors by one bit position until all bit positions have been swept.

Abstract: Data storage methods and apparatus are disclosed that utilize a swept-carrier optical approach with an inhomogeneously broadened absorber material having multiple special storage cells. Data are encoded on a data pulse by appropriately modulating the data pulse. Data storage in a storage cell is effected by exposing the cell to the data pulse and a reference pulse cotemporal with the data pulse. Both the data and reference pulses are frequency-chirped across the inhomogeneously broadened bandwidth of the absorber material, the data pulse being chirped at a frequency that is offset relative to the reference pulse. Data retrieval from the storage cell is performed by exposing the cell to a read pulse which causes the cell to produce a signal pulse comprising the encoded data. The read pulse can have a temporal profile that produces a signal pulse shaped either similarly to the data pulse or as a mirror image of the data pulse.

Abstract: An improved stereolithography system for generating a three-dimensional object by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to formed at a selected surface of a fluid medium capable of altering its physical state in response to appropriate synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation, particle bombardment or chemical reaction, information defining the object being structurally specified to reduce curl, stress and distortion in the ultimately formed object, the successive adjacent laminae, representing corresponding successive adjacent cross-sections of the object, being automatically formed and integrated together to provide a step-wise laminar buildup of the desired object, whereby a three-dimensional object is formed and drawn from a substantially planar surface of the fluid medium during the forming process.

Abstract: A method of driving a device having a pair of electrodes and organic insulating layer sandwiched therebetween. The device exhibits at least three states of different electroconductivities in response to an applied voltage. A transition from the first state to the second state is achieved by applying a voltage within a first predetermined range to the device in the first state, and a transition from the second state to the third state is achieved by applying a voltage within a second predetermined range to the device in the second state.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for forming a layer of material over a surface of a previously-formed cross-section of a three-dimensional object in anticipation of forming a next cross-section of the object out of the layer. A volume of material, including at least some excess material, is placed over the surface, and the excess material is swept off by placing the excess material in the predetermined path of a sweeping member, the path being substantially in a plane spaced from a working surface of material. The member may be directed to sweep the excess material away through a successive number of sweeps, which may vary for each cross-section, at least a velocity which may vary for each sweep. Additionally, the clearance between the member and the surface of the previous cross-section may vary for each sweep. A "winged" member is also provided, comprising two legs extending from a base, and a "Trident" embodiment is also provided, comprising three legs extending from a base.

Abstract: An improved method for stereolithographically forming a three-dimensional object wherein ordinarily solidified internal walls of the object remain at least partially unsolidified. Any unsolidified medium within the object can be drained from the internal walls of the object prior to post-curing so that a hollow three-dimensional object is formed. The object is formed on a layer by layer basis with the internal portion of each layer of the object formed as a grid of solidified portions and unsolidified portions wherein the solidified and unsolidified portions are different on each layer. Objects formed in this manner can be used as patterns in investment casting.

Abstract: A frequency multiple outgoing light is obtained by intensity-modulating a frequency multiple incident light in frequency domain, after irradiating a pump beam to an optical recording medium consisting of photochromic material and the like to generate optical Stark effect thereon and shifting the light absorption spectrum of the optical recording medium by optical Stark effect.

Abstract: A high density rapid access data storage device employs a volume of field-oriented bacteriorhodopsin in a polymer medium, and contained in a vessel that can be accurately displace in three dimensions. X-axis and Y-axis laser illumination systems each converge a beam in the respective direction at a location at which a particular bit cell is to have a "1" or "0" recorded or is to be interrogated. Both laser systems are pulsed on at one wavelength to write a "1" or at a second wavelength to write a "0". After writing, a cleaning step is carried out by actuating the laser systems non-simultaneously at the other of the wavelengths to remove any undesired photochemistry from adjacent bit cells. A read cycle involves actuating two or four lasers, and then discriminating the "1" or "0" state from the electrical signal generated by the medium.

Abstract: An organic thin film element is disclosed which has an organic thin film consisting of a mixed stacked charge-transfer complex of donor and acceptor molecules, wherein the organic thin film is made neutral by forming the mixed stacked charge-transfer complex which is ionic under the bulk state into a thin film.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or substantially reducing curling effects in stereolithographically formed objects. Synergistic stimulation is applied to a curable material to form a three dimensional object through the build up of successive layers. Curling between successive layers is eliminated or substantially reduced by curing a balancing layer in relation to a balanced layer such that reverse curl of the balanced layer caused by the balancing layer offsets or negates normal curl of the balanced layer caused by the balancing layer.

Abstract: A stereolithographic system for automatically generating three-dimensional objects on a layer by layer basis by alternately forming layers of medium over previously formed layers of the object and selectively solidifying successive layers of medium at a surface of a body of the medium whereby the object is formed from a plurality of solidified and adhered layers. The surface of the body of medium is maintained at a desired working surface, for example by detecting its level and relatively adjusting it and the working surface so that they coincide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of erasing a radiation image information which remains on a stimulable phosphor sheet on which the radiation image information is stored and recorded. This method is employed in a medical diagnosis system. The medical diagnosis system basically comprises a console, an X-ray controller, a radiation image information recording and reading apparatus, and an image output apparatus. Further, the residual radiation image information erasing method referred to above comprises the steps of specifying an area for recording the radiation image information stored and recorded on the stimulable phosphor sheet, based on exposure information, and erasing only radiation image information which remains in the specified recording area on the stimulable phosphor sheet.