Abstract: In a connection-oriented network a point-to-multipoint working path is established between a source node and a plurality of destination nodes using a number of working path intermediate nodes. A point-to-multipoint protection path is established for possible points of failure in the working path. Each protection path connects a first working path intermediate node upstream of a point of failure and destination nodes of the working path downstream of the first working path intermediate node. The point-to-multipoint protection path only connects to destination nodes of the working path and working path intermediate nodes which must be transited to reach the destination nodes of the working path.

Abstract: A CB device receives a first packet sent from another device through a stacking port. In response to determining, based on source port information carried in the first packet, that the first packet entered the stacking system from a PE device and the first packet is a non-unicast packet, the switch module performs mirroring processing to the first packet to obtain a mirrored packet, and transmits the first packet and the mirrored packet to a packet buffering module of the CB device. In response to determining that a second packet from the packet buffering module entered the stacking system from the PE device and the second packet is the non-unicast packet, the second packet is forbidden from being forwarded through a first-level stacking port of the CB device.

Abstract: A port number extension method and a switch are provided. A first switch determines bits for identifying the first switch in a Media Access Control (MAC) address in an identifier (ID) of a specified bridge; calculates a bit for port number extension according to the bits for identifying the first switch; and combines the bit for port number extension and original bits for specifying a port, to obtain new bits for specifying a port. In this way, a problem that Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) port numbers are insufficient in a super virtual fabric with a massive quantity of ports is resolved.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting geophysical information may include a geophysical information station disposed along a seismic communication cable. A bypass circuit responsive to a command signal is in communication with a switching circuit that is operable to route electrical power, commands, data or a combination to bypass the geophysical information station in response to the command signal. An exemplary method for bypassing a geophysical information station in a geophysical information collection system includes sending a command signal to a bypass circuit and activating one or more switching circuits using the bypass circuit to route electrical power, commands, data or a combination to bypass the geophysical information station in response to the command signal.

Abstract: A mobile communication method according to the present invention includes the steps of: sending “INVITE” from a UE#1 to a P-CSCF/VATF in a visited network of the UE#1; sending “INVITE” from the P-CSCF/VATF to an IMS; and allocating, by the P-CSCF/VATF, an MGW#1 to the path for voice communications.

Abstract: An apparatus, comprising a network communication interface to communicatively couple the apparatus to a network, a processor coupled to the network communication interface, a memory coupled to the processor and comprising a trusted security zone, and a trusted orchestrator application stored in the trusted security zone of the memory that. When the application is executed by the processor, it receives fully-detailed data from a virtualized network function of a virtual server via a trusted end-to-end communication link, wherein the data comprises a log of events performed by the virtual network function for a customer. The application then sanitizes the data received from the virtualized network function and transmits the sanitized data outside of the trusted security zone.

Abstract: A communication system includes: a client device and a server. The server can store first address information specifying at least one first global IP address and is configured to: receive, from the client device, an IP packet containing first information and a second global IP address; determine whether the second global IP address coincides with the specified first global IP address; and when the second global IP address coincides with the specified first global IP address, transmit second information to the client device. The client device stores an object program and is configured to: transmit the first information to the server when the client device is in a restricted state in which the client device is not permitted to execute the object program; receive the second information from the server; and cancel the restricted state of the client device when the second controller receives the second information.

Abstract: A MCLAG table retains a first port in association with a first identifier. A port control unit controls a first port group to a transmission/reception permitted state when the first port group is set to active, and controls the first port group to a transmission/reception prohibited state when the first port group is set to standby. A relay processing unit relays a frame containing the first identifier as a destination port to the first port group when the first port group is controlled to the transmission/reception permitted state and relays the same to a bridge port when the first port group is controlled to the transmission/reception prohibited state. When the first port group is controlled to the transmission/reception prohibited state, a transmission stop instructing unit instructs a peer device to stop frame transmission to the first port group.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a primary tunnel is established from a head-end node to a destination along a path including one or more protected network elements for which a fast reroute path is available to pass traffic around the one or more network elements in the event of their failure. A first path quality measures path quality prior to failure of the one or more protected network elements. A second path quality measures path quality subsequent to failure of the one or more protected network elements, while the fast reroute path is being used to pass traffic of the primary tunnel. A determination is made whether to reestablish the primary tunnel over a new path that does not include the one or more failed protected network elements, or to continue to utilize the path with the fast reroute path, in response to a difference between the first path quality and the second path quality.

Abstract: A label switched path through a network of nodes, is torn down by sending a message along the path from an ingress node. If there is a fault along the path, a path error message (2) is sent back along the path to the ingress node. The ingress node uses a different route bypassing the fault to alert (3) a further one of the nodes (NE5, NE6) on that path beyond the indicated fault, to cause that further node to continue the tearing down for other nodes on that path beyond the indicated fault by sending a further message (4) along the portion of the path beyond the indicated fault, to indicate to the other nodes to continue the tear down. This enables the ingress node to clean up the rest of the path beyond the fault, to avoid leaving unused capacity unavailable for reuse, and to avoid time consuming manual clean up.

Abstract: A communication node includes: one or more flow table(s) that stores a control information item(s) as set by a controller; and a packet processing unit that searches for a control information item, having a match condition matching a received packet, from the one or more flow table(s), and processes the received packet in accordance with the control information item. In a case where a preset loop instruction is added in the control information item having the match condition matching the received packet, the packet processing unit performs a preset number of times of search for another control information item in the one or more flow table(s) and execution of the searched control information item.

Abstract: In a data transfer network, a network device (102) receives at its first data interface an identifier message transferred via a first data transfer path from another network device (106). The network device compares the identifier message to earlier received identifier messages. If the identifier message matches an earlier received identifier message received at another data interface and transferred via a second data transfer path from the other network device, the network device updates its forwarding database to express that the other network device is accessible also via the first data interface, and transmits address information related to the other network device via the first data interface so as to determine the first data transfer path to be an alternative for the second data transfer path. The first and second data transfer paths can be used for protecting each other and/or for load sharing.

Abstract: Methods, systems and network nodes for performing a SIP transaction are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method, performed by a second node of sending a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message in a SIP-based communications network from a first node to a third node using the second node, may include receiving, by the second node acting as a SIP proxy, from the first node, the SIP message. Further, the method may include determining routing information for forwarding the SIP message to the third node. Also, the method may include sending, by the second node, to the first node, a pivot request to request that the first node forward the SIP message directly to the third node without traversing the second node. The pivot request may include the routing information.

Abstract: A lock system for monitoring and controlling the individual locks on cells in a prison. The lock system has a client component and a server component connected by means of an ethernet network. The server component includes all of the individual locks and the client component includes workstations. The software architecture of the locks includes a hardware layer with an application program interface (API) that controls the sensors and electromechanical components of the lock. The software architecture of the workstations includes a lock configuration tool that communicates with the ethernet network to send commands and to receive data from the locks. The workstations also include a presentation layer or browser that provides the interface with the user of the workstations.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for a device for handling communications from AVB and non-AVB networks. In some embodiments, a device includes a gateway interface communicatively connectable to one or more devices and configured to transmit and receive data from an AVB network and at least one other, non-AVB network, a processor, and a storage device that stores instructions executable by the processor to receive first data from a first device in the at least one other network, and receive second data from a second device in the AVB network. The instructions are further executable to process one or more of the first data and the second data according to one or more of an AVB protocol and a protocol associated with the at least one other network, and transmit one or more commands to one or more of the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a forwarding table for a packet switch. The system includes a route manager for the packet switch, configured to identify a plurality of multi-path groups each corresponding to a respective initial set of routing entries in the forwarding table and generate, for one or more multi-path groups, at least one replacement set of routing entries with fewer routing entries than the initial set corresponding to the respective multi-path group. The route manager selects, based on a traffic reduction cost metric, one or more of the replacement sets of routing entries, each corresponding to a different respective multi-path group, and updates the forwarding table with the selected replacement sets. In some implementations, the traffic reduction cost metric includes a traffic characteristic. In some implementations, the packet switch participates in a software-defined network (SDN) and the route manager is part of an SDN controller.

Abstract: Techniques are described for specifying and constructing multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) rings. Routers may signal membership within MPLS rings and automatically establish ring-based label switch paths (LSPs) as components of the MPLS rings for packet transport within ring networks. In one example, a router includes a processor configured to establish an MPLS ring having a plurality of ring LSPs. Each of the ring LSPs is configured to transport MPLS packets around the ring network to a different one of the routers operating as an egress router for the respective ring LSP. Moreover, each of the ring LSPs comprises a bidirectional, multipoint-to-point (MP2P) LSP for which any of the routers can operate as an ingress to source packet traffic into the ring LSP for transport to the respective egress router for the ring LSP. Separate protection paths, bypass LSPs, detours or loop-free alternatives need not be signaled.

Abstract: A flexible server system includes an embedded processor, one or more processor boards, one or more storage boards, and a switch including a plurality of ports. The embedded processor, the one or more processor boards, and the one or more storage boards are connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of ports. The embedded processor, the one or more processor boards, the one or more storage boards, and the switch each include a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface. The one or more processor boards and the one or more storage boards are connected to the switch through connectors where each of the corresponding connectors have a same size. The embedded processor controls the switch to route a packet from one of the plurality of ports to another one of the plurality of ports.

Abstract: A transmission device includes a control card and a plurality of IF cards. The control card receives first set time from a host PC and calculates second set time by adding add time corresponding to one cycle of a clock signal that is commonly used by the control card and the IF cards to the first set time. The control card distributes the second set time to each of the IF cards. After each of the IF cards receives the second set time and sets the second set time in an internal timer, when a clock signal is detected, each of the IF cards starts a time measuring operation of the internal timer from the second set time.

Abstract: A line card monitors communicability between itself and first to third fabric cards, and when there is abnormality in the communicability with the second fabric card, detects the abnormality and configures settings to switch a frame transmitted to the second fabric card so as to be directed to the third fabric card as a result of the detection of the abnormality within a first period. A communicability test unit generates a test frame at every second period, transmits the test frame to the fabric card selected by a path selection unit, and receives the test frame returned from the fabric card. The second period is longer than the first period, and the communicability test unit evaluates the presence or absence of a fault based on the reception results for the first and second test frames.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a data packet may be received at a leaf switch. A port-channel associated with a destination port for the data packet may be identified, and the data packet may be transmitted to the destination port via the identified port-channel.

Abstract: Embodiments generally disclosed herein include methods and systems for calculating incremental network costs between logical city pairs in a network (each city pair being in communication across the network via one or more physical links). For example, the method includes a cost analyzer that, for each physical link in the network, determines a steady state capacity allocation associated with each city pair in the network and, in the same vein, determines a restoration capacity allocation associated with each city pair in the network. The cost analyzer is capable of calculating an incremental cost per unit of traffic for a given city pair based on: i) the steady state capacity allocation and a restoration capacity allocation associated with a given city pair, as compared to, ii) the aggregate steady state capacity allocations and restoration capacity allocations associated with each city pair in the network.

Abstract: There are provided a system and a computer program product for operating of network cards in computing systems. The computing systems detect resource utilization of all network cards of physical servers connected via one or more networks. The computing systems monitor network statistics of the network. The computing systems determine an operation of each network card connected to the network according to the monitored network statistics.

Abstract: An announcement method, apparatus and system are provided. The method includes: an announcement node configuring sending ports of the announcement node in a first region and a second region, wherein, the first region and the second region apply different network protection switching technologies; the announcement node acquiring a protection switching request sent from the first region; and the announcement node sending the protection switching request to the second region through the sending port corresponding to the second region, wherein, a post-switching link state of the first region is contained in the protection switching request, and under a situation that the post-switching link state of the first region is inconsistent with a current link state of the second region, the second region needs to perform protection switching and otherwise does not need to perform the protection switching.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a packet from a host at a first hop router in a network site, the first hop router in communication with a core network and operable to encapsulate packets received from the host for transmission to a remote network site, setting a status for the host in a table at the first hop router as active, starting a timer for the host at the first hop router, transmitting a probe message from the first hop router to the host if a packet is not received at the first hop router from the host before the timer expires, updating the status of the host at the table based on whether a response message is received from the host, and using the host status to detect host migration. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A protection switching method and apparatus based on a memory control in a packet transport system are provided. The protection switching method may perform hardware-based protection switching based on a type of path failures that occur. The protection switching method may perform protection switching for each of an Automatic Protection Switching (APS) frame or a Loss of Continuity (LoC)/Clear Loss of Continuity (CLoC) message received via an interface unit from a packet processor, a LoC/CLoC message received via a local bus interface from a host processor, an APS frame generation command input via the local bus interface from protection software (SW) of the host processor, and an APS frame generation command input via another interface unit from the protection SW.

Abstract: A forwarding system comprises a identification engine, a hardware forwarding engine configured to process an ingressing packet, a software forwarding engine configured to process the ingressing packet, and a selection engine. The selection engine is configured to select one of the hardware forwarding engine or the software forwarding engine to process the ingressing packet. The selection is based on at least one of an indication of resource availability or a classification of the ingressing packet based on a priority of a flow as determined by the identification engine. In some embodiments, the selection engine selects different forwarding engines to process different packets of a same flow based on changes in resource availability or classification of the ingressing packet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in an arrangement of a communication network, controlling a chain of functions for processing data packets of a flow associated with a device. The method comprises obtaining (610) an indication indicating that information associated with a context of at least one of the functions has been altered. The context is related to the flow and at least one of the communication network, the device, a route of the flow, and a source instance of each of the at least one function. The method further comprises determining (620) to relocate the at least one function for processing the data packets from the respective source instance to a respective target instance based on the obtained indication. The method also comprises relocating (630) the at least one function for processing the data packets to the respective target instance.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical path computation based on a reachability matrix may rely on matrix multiplication to determine a number and respective network locations of regenerators for establishing an end-to-end reachable path in an optical network between a source node and a destination node. The reachability matrix may specify directly reachable optical paths between nodes in the optical network.

Abstract: A transmission device is used for a network that includes a plurality of working paths and a plurality of protection paths bypassing a relevant working path for each working paths. The transmission device includes a data plane unit that transmits and receives data to and from other transmission devices; and a signaling processing unit that performs switching, when a signaling message requesting activation to switch to a first protection path corresponding to a first working path is received, from the first working path to the first protection path, wherein, when the first working path is configured as a subset of a second working path and a second protection path corresponding to the second working path is provided, the signaling processing unit performs switching from the first working path to the first protection path and performs switching from the second working path to the second protection path.

Abstract: A method for applying error resiliency based on speed is disclosed. A speed of the wireless communication device is detected. Source-based error resiliency is dynamically applied to a signal based on the speed. The signal is sent on an uplink. In addition to the speed, the source-based error resiliency may be dynamically applied to the signal based on a characteristic of the signal.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to techniques for internet group management protocol tunneling. This may be done by electing, by each of a plurality of multicast gateways in a subnet, a designated router in the subnet. The designated router sends internet group management protocol queries to at least one router in the subnet. The designated router further tunnels internet group management protocol reports.

Abstract: Dynamic control channel establishment for an access network is described in which a centralized controller provides seamless end-to-end service from a core-facing edge of a network to access nodes. For example, a method includes receiving, by the centralized controller, a discover message originating from a network node, which includes an intermediate node list that specifies a plurality of network nodes the discover message traversed from the network node to an edge node, determining, based on the plurality of nodes specified by the discover message, a path from the edge node to the network node, allocating each of a plurality of Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels to a respective outgoing interface of each of the plurality of network nodes, and outputting one or more control messages for configuring the network node, wherein the control messages are encapsulated within a label stack comprising the allocated plurality of labels.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication apparatus that processes a packet according to control information set by a control apparatus; a first control apparatus that controls the communication apparatus by setting the control information in the communication apparatus; and a second control apparatus that operates in concert with the first control apparatus. The first control apparatus transmits information necessary for interoperation between the first and second control apparatuses to the second control apparatus via the communication apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for performing a device-to-device communication. User equipment devices may perform a wireless communication through a base station and may perform a device-to-device communication among user equipment devices.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing fast reroute intra-area node protection for label switched paths (LSPs) using label distribution protocol (LDP). In one example, a network device may be configured to use network topology information, obtained by an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) executing on the network device, to identify a next next hop merge point to which to automatically establish a bypass LSP, and to which to establish a targeted LDP session for obtaining a label advertised by the next next hop merge point.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of masking transaction data for a secure wireless transaction includes transmitting wireless pseudo transaction data that includes false transaction data and processing received pseudo transaction data and transaction data to extract or separate the transaction data.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of port switches that include first and second port switches, a plurality of fabric switches that construct communication paths among the plurality of port switches, and a user switch. Each of the plurality of port switches is connected to each of the plurality of fabric switches via different communication lines. The first and second port switches are connected by a common communication line between redundancy ports of the first and second port switches to thereby form a same domain group. The user switch is connected to each of the first and second port switches via different communication lines, and also sets link aggregation for ports of the user switch that are connection sources of the communication lines that connect the user switch and each of the first and second port switches.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing one-arm node clustering using a port channel are provided herein. An example application node may be communicatively connected to at least one application node, and the application node may be connected to a network through a port channel. The application node may include: a link included in the port channel for accommodating the network data being communicated between the remote client and server; and a processor configured to send/receive a cluster control packet to/from the at least one application node through the link included in the port channel.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes a segmenter configured to segment Layer 1 (L1) signaling; and an encoder configured to perform Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoding with respect to each of the segmented L1 signalings, and the encoder punctures parity bits from LDPC parity bits added by the LDPC encoding as many as bits of a predetermined group unit.

Abstract: A system and method of automated Data Center Bridging (DCB) configuration of an access switch includes a control unit, a memory, and a port configured to couple the access switch to a peer device. The control unit is configured to operate the port according to a state machine including a DCB disabled state, a DCB downstream state, and a DCB upstream state. When the port is in the DCB disabled state, the control unit exchanges network traffic on the port without any DCB extensions. When the port is in the DCB upstream state, the control unit exchanges network traffic on the port using DCB extensions based on the DCB configuration and receives the DCB configuration from the peer device. When the port is in the DCB downstream state, the control unit exchanges network traffic on the port using the DCB extensions and transmits the DCB configuration to the peer device.

Abstract: A network system has a switch which transfers a packet and a controller which sets a flow entry to the switch. The controller has a heavy load switch detecting section which detects a heavy load switch with the heavy load of new flow entry setting processing; a storage section which stores a switch list; an alternate route searching section which searches an alternate route; and a flow entry setting section which assigns a flow of packets to be transferred by using a new flow entry of the heavy load switch to the switch on the alternate route, without changing the flow entry which is already set to the heavy load switch.

Abstract: Certain features required for routing decisions are provided by hardware. For example, the router logic may be modified to provide multiple alternative paths for a link. In some implementations, hardware autonomously detects a link or port failure and routes on an alternate link without software intervention. In one approach, the router stores the alternate paths in the data plane. In some implementations, network devices are also configured for active loop avoidance and detection is implemented so that packets never loop due to multiple failures that occur close to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for migrating between terminals. An apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a network proxy having a controller that manages a communications interface in a communication system. The controller can be programmed to receive a request to migrate a first terminal to a third terminal while active communications are taking place on a first voice channel connecting the first terminal to a second terminal, establish a second voice channel with the third terminal, connect the first and second voice channels, and terminate without action of an end user of the first terminal a connection between the first terminal and the first voice channel. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An entertainment system that has improved failure recovery characteristics and reduces the connection components is disclosed.

Abstract: A multimedia faceplate includes a frame having a front face and a rear face and at least one connector mounting aperture therein, a non-Ethernet connector mounted in the connector mounting aperture, an Ethernet conversion unit that is electrically connected to the non-Ethernet connector and a plurality of wire connection contacts that are electrically connected to the Ethernet conversion unit. The Ethernet conversion unit is configured to draw an electrical power signal from either an AC to DC power conversion unit or from a Power-over-Ethernet power signal received from an Ethernet cable that is connected to the wire connection contacts.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, providing a bitstream to one or more programmable devices of a service unit card includes receiving the bitstream at a snooper of the service unit card. The snooper determines whether the bitstream is current. If the bitstream is current, the bitstream is loaded onto the programmable devices. If the bitstream is not current, the received bitstream is discarded, and a substitute bitstream is identified. The substitute bitstream is loaded onto the programmable devices.

Abstract: Embodiments include a method and computer program product for a multilevel network with inter-layer multipath redundancy between a first network layer of leaf switches and a second network layer of spine switches. Each leaf switch is connected to multiple spine switches to provide multiple inter-layer communication paths between the leaf switches and the spine switches. Each spine switch is assigned a common Layer 2 and 3 network address, while each leaf switch is configured with an inter-layer link selection protocol to selectively connect only one active inter-layer link between the leaf switch and the wide area layer while disabling all other available inter-layer links between the leaf switch and the wide area layer. Alternative inter-layer links is thus activated without requiring the leaf switch to be configured with a new address for the alternate inter-layer link or relying on any multipath functionality implemented within the spine switches.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus in which RSVP path messages are modified to indicate that a failed source-to-leaf (S2L) sub-LSP or path has switched (or is switching) to a bypass S2L sub-LSP or path via a local-protection mechanism. Thus, a leaf PE node may choose to switch traffic sourcing from a primary tunnel to a standby tunnel even if the primary tunnel appears to be functioning properly. In this manner, any actual or potential suboptimal performance of the primary tunnel due to selection of the local-protection mechanism may be avoided.

Abstract: A tool for monitoring the use of devices in an interconnected network. Desired network information, such as the use of browsers on the networked devices, the use of other applications hosted on the networked devices, and the speed and volume of data traffic to and within the network, may be collected by one or more network management tools operating within the network, and then provided to an outside reporting server. In response, the reporting server then organizes and reports the collected information to one or more authorized parties associated with the network. The reporting server may send the collected network information directly to the authorized parties via electronic mail, or provide access to the collected network information by posting it on a secured Web site.