Abstract: The current document is directed to methods and systems that collect metric data within computing facilities, including large data centers and cloud-computing facilities. In a described implementation, two or more metric-data sets are combined to generate a multidimensional metric-data set. The multidimensional metric-data set is compressed for efficient storage by clustering the multidimensional data points within the multidimensional metric-data set to produce a covering subset of multidimensional data points and by then representing the multidimensional-data-point members of each cluster by a cluster identifier rather than by a set of floating-point values, integer values, or other types of data representations. The covering set is constructed to ensure that the compression does not result in greater than a specified level of distortion of the original data.

Abstract: Techniques are described for automatic provisioning of inter-control center communications protocol (ICCP) and automatic provisioning of virtual local area networks (VLANs) on an inter-chassis link (ICL) between multi-chassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) peer devices. The MC-LAG peer devices may comprise two network devices included in an MC-LAG that is multi-homed to each of a plurality of MC-LAG client devices. In one example, the disclosed techniques enable detection of one or more VLANs configured on a multi-homed interface of the MC-LAG, and automatic provisioning of the detected VLANs on the ICL within the MC-LAG. In another example, the disclosed techniques enable determination of one or more ICCP parameters from MC-LAG configuration information, and automatic provisioning of ICCP over the ICL according to the determined ICCP parameters. The MC-LAG may be included within an enterprise switch of an enterprise network or within a data center switch of a data center network.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying a mapping solution for a virtual network request are disclosed. A resource orchestrator may receive a virtual network request specifying resources required on physical nodes in a network and generate a mapping solution for the request. Generating the mapping solution may include identifying vertices at which a first resource is available, mapping each identified vertex to the first resource in a respective candidate chaining solution, determining, for each identified vertex, a number of messages including the candidate chaining solution to be forwarded to respective neighbor vertices, and forwarding the determined number of messages to the respective neighbor vertices. Determining the number of messages to be forwarded may include applying a message forwarding policy to reduce the total number of messages forwarded between vertices when generating the mapping solution. The policy may be dependent on the topology of the virtual network request.

Abstract: Examples describe mechanisms for maintaining consistent subscriber data on geo-redundant subscriber databases. In an example, a request to perform an operation related to subscriber data may be received on a subscriber database, wherein the subscriber database may be a geo-redundant deployment of a separate subscriber database. The connectivity status of a synchronization link between the subscriber database and the separate subscriber database may be determined. In response to the determination that the connectivity status of the synchronization link between the subscriber database and the separate subscriber database is disconnected, the request to perform the operation related to the subscriber data on the subscriber database may be denied.

Abstract: Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for monitoring correctable errors on a bus interface to determine whether to redirect traffic to another bus interface. A processing unit sends Input/Output (I/O) requests from a host to a storage over a first bus interface to a first device adaptor, wherein the first device adaptor provides a first connection to the storage. A determination is made as to whether a number of correctable errors on the first bus interface exceeds an error threshold. The correctable errors are detected and corrected in the first bus interface by hardware of the first bus interface. In response to determining that the number of correctable errors on the first bus interface exceeds the error threshold, at least a portion of I/O requests are redirected to use a second bus interface to connect to a second device adaptor providing a second connection to the storage.

Abstract: An RB device creates a primary multicast tree and a corresponding backup multicast tree, and determines whether the primary multicast tree for forwarding traffic fails or not, according to a received first LSP packet; when the primary multicast tree fails, the RB device forwards the traffic using the backup multicast tree.

Abstract: A first apparatus may send, to a base station in a first carrier frequency, a request associated with determination of a first beam used for communication between the base station and the UE. The first apparatus may communicate with the base station in a second carrier frequency based on the request associated with the determination of the first beam, the first carrier frequency being different from the second carrier frequency. A second apparatus may receive, from a base station in a first carrier frequency, a message associated with determination of a first beam used for communication between the base station and the UE. The second apparatus may communicate with the base station in a second carrier frequency based on the message associated with the determination of the first beam, the first carrier frequency being different from the second carrier frequency.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a routing method, a device, and a system. A network node receives a service data packet; the network node searches a forwarding table according to an aggregation identifier, to obtain next-hop information, where the aggregation identifier is used to identify service data flows of one type, where the service data flows have a same network requirement type and a same destination, and the forwarding table includes the aggregation identifier and the next-hop information corresponding to the aggregation identifier; and the network node forwards the service data packet according to the obtained next-hop information. The embodiments of the present disclosure can significantly reduce a quantity of routing entries of a service routing node, reduce operation complexity, and improve routing and forwarding efficiency of a system.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are generally directed to enabling a group of host machines within a network to securely communicate an unknown unicast packet. In some embodiments, a key policy is defined exclusively for the secure communication of unknown unicast packets. The key policy is transmitted by a central controller to the group of host machines for negotiating session keys among each other when communicating unknown unicast packets.

Abstract: A control apparatus receives information on an abnormality in a relay apparatus including first and second monitor units provided in the relay apparatus to relay a communication among control apparatuses, from the first monitor unit to manage first information and execute a monitor of the relay apparatus, the abnormality being detected by the first monitor unit; and when the received information is information on an abnormality of a bridge unit to form a first communication route between the first monitor unit and the second monitor unit to manage second information and execute a monitor of the relay apparatus, executes a process for switching a communication route used to synchronize the first and second information between the first and second monitor unit, from the first communication route via the bridge unit, to a second communication route via communication lines connecting the control apparatus and the first and second monitor units.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an information transmission method, a radio equipment controller, a radio equipment, and a base station. The method includes determining, by an REC, that a main line used for communication with a first radio equipment RE is faulty and determining, by the REC, a standby line used for communication with the first RE. The method also includes communicating with the first RE by using the standby line.

Abstract: A method for transmitting feedback includes receiving feedback configuration information for explicit channel feedback for a plurality of transmit beam-receive beam combinations (TRBCs) between the user device and transmit-receive points (TRPs) of a multi-point set associated with the user device, generating the explicit channel feedback for the plurality of TRBCs, generating at least one modified uplink resource for each TRP in a subset of the TRPs of the multi-point set, the modified uplink resources are generated in accordance with the feedback configuration information, the modified uplink resources are configured to convey the explicit channel feedback to the subset of TRPs of the multi-point set, and transmitting the modified uplink resources to the subset of the TRPs of the multi-point set, where the at least one modified uplink resource associated with a TRP in the subset of the TRPs is transmitted to the TRP using a single TRBC.

Abstract: An overlay network analysis method obtains data including but not limited to client packet traffic data on an overlay network, and performs one or more analyses based on the obtained data to generate and output topological and/or performance information for the overlay network and/or the network substrate on which the overlay network is implemented. Client traffic data collected for specific client resource instances may be analyzed to generate performance metrics for the overlay network between the instances. Aggregated client traffic data for specific clients may also be analyzed to generate mappings of the clients' private network implementations on the overlay network, as well as performance metrics for the clients' private networks on the overlay network. In addition, client traffic data from multiple clients may be aggregated and analyzed to generate mappings and performance metrics for the overlay network as a whole.

Abstract: In a parallel computer, performing optimized collective operations in an irregular subcommunicator of compute nodes may be carried out by: identifying, within the irregular subcommunicator, regular neighborhoods of compute nodes; selecting, for each neighborhood from the compute nodes of the neighborhood, a local root node; assigning each local root node to a node of a neighborhood-wide tree topology; mapping, for each neighborhood, the compute nodes of the neighborhood to a local tree topology having, at its root, the local root node of the neighborhood; and performing a one way, rooted collective operation within the subcommunicator including: performing, in one phase, the collective operation within each neighborhood; and performing, in another phase, the collective operation amongst the local root nodes.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatus, systems and methods for enhanced PLMN selection using priority class information. A method may comprise, at a user equipment (“UE”), identifying a plurality of networks, each network having an assigned priority class indicator, identifying a first network of the plurality of networks as having a first priority class indicator, identifying a second network of the plurality of networks as having the first priority class indicator, identifying the first priority class indicator as the highest priority class of the assigned priority class indicators, and selecting between the first network and the second network based a quality characteristic.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a system that includes a network controller. The network controller is configured to receive information from nodes of a network, where nodes include one node that is in motion relative to another node. The network controller is also configured to generate a table representing nodes, available storage at each node, and possible links in the network over a period of time based on the information, and determine a series of topologies of the network based on the table. Based on received client data including a data amount, the network controller is configured to determine flows for the topology. The network controller then is configured to generate a schedule of network configurations based on the flows, and send instructions to the nodes of the network for implementing the network configurations and transmitting client data.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, a system, and computer program product are disclosed for link aggregation group management. A method includes receiving an identifier from a device connected to a first port of a first switch, determining whether a second switch has a connection to the device on a first port of the second switch based on the identifier for the device, and autonomously configuring a link aggregation group comprising the first port of the first switch and the first port of the second switch in response to determining that the device is connected to the first port of the first switch and the first port of the second switch.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a method for acquiring, by a switch deployed in a software defined network (SDN), an exact flow entry, where the SDN network includes an SDN controller and multiple SDN switches, the SDN controller being configured to communicate with each SDN switch in an inband communication manner. The method includes establishing, by a first SDN switch, a reliable connection to the SDN controller, and sending a first control message based on a packet corresponding to a protocol for the reliable connection. Path information of the first SDN switch is added to the control message. Each SDN switch that receives the first control message adds path information of each SDN switch to the first control message, so that the SDN controller is provided with an entire path, so as to deliver a flow table to the first SDN switch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of generating a coded data packet in dependence on a plurality of source data packets, the method comprising: determining a plurality of data packets, for generating a coded data packet, from a plurality of source data packets for encoding, wherein each of the plurality of source data packets for encoding comprises the same number of bits; generating a multiplied data packet in dependence on one or more multiplication operations between a multiplication value and bits of one of the determined data packets; and generating a coded data packet in dependence on a combination of the multiplied data packet and one or more of the other of said plurality of determined data packets that have not been multiplied; wherein the one or more multiplication operations are performed as operations in the finite field GF(p); p is greater than 2; the multiplication value is an element of the finite field GF(p); the multiplication value is not 0 or 1; and the combination of data packets is performed b

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a method of synchronizing a wireless device with a network node comprises receiving a radio subframe transmitted from the network node. The MBSFN radio subframe comprises a first Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) associated with a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and paired with a first Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) associated with a second OFDM symbol. The method further comprises detecting the first PSS and detecting the first SSS within the radio subframe. The method determines system information associated with the network node based on the detected PSS and SSS. The radio subframe is transmitted from the network node as a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services Single-Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframe.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a communication apparatus and a different communication apparatus connected to the communication apparatus via a plurality of transmission paths. The communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit and a control unit. In response to designation of a transmission path targeted for diagnosis, selected amongst the transmission paths while the communication apparatus is in a state capable of data communication with the different communication apparatus using the transmission paths, the transmitting unit transmits a test signal to the targeted transmission path while the state capable of data communication with the different communication apparatus is maintained using remaining transmission paths of the transmission paths other than the targeted transmission path.

Abstract: A system can provide a unified quality-of-service for multi-path label switching (MPLS) traffic. A single network device can be configured as an ingress label switch router, an egress label switch router or a label switching router for different label switching paths. The network device can support uniform deployment model, pipe deployment model or short-pipe deployment model in any configuration. A configurable scheduler priority map can be selected from multiple scheduler priority maps to generate a scheduler priority class which can be used to assign priority and resources for the packet.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a monitoring device (or module) monitors messages exchanged between nodes in a communication network. The monitoring device further determines, based on time stamp data associated with each message, one or more latency distributions of paired response times between the nodes, and determines a node topology consistent with each of the one or more latency distributions of paired response times between the nodes. In some embodiments, the monitoring device also generates a graph of the node topology showing one or more communication links between the nodes, and annotates each communication link of the one or more communication links with at least one of a mean response time or a median response time based on at least one of the latency distributions.

Abstract: A system and method of operating a network node configured as part of a link aggregation system. The system includes a plurality of first network nodes and a plurality of second network nodes for providing connectivity to first and second networks respectively, and a plurality of links between the first network nodes and the second network nodes. The network node is configured as one of the first network nodes. The network node may be set in one of an active operation mode and a standby operation mode based at least in part on a comparison of a priority with one or more received priorities. The priority may be based on connectivity to an active second network node or links available for selection. The network node may determine that it is isolated from the first network and indicate that isolation in control messages sent to second network nodes.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques that may be used by a BS and/or UE to reduce the time associated with performing cell acquisition. An exemplary method, performed by a BS, generally includes determining opportunities for assisting cell acquisition by one or more UEs, and boosting transmission power for one or more signals used for cell acquisition during the determined opportunities. Another exemplary method, performed by a UE, generally includes exiting a first low power state in order to perform cell acquisition based on one or more signals transmitted by a base station, and taking one or more actions to reduce acquisition time when performing the cell acquisition.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for a controller agent operating in a physical machine alongside a managed forwarding element (MFE) that implements several logical networks. The method receives a first set of flow entries describing a particular logical network. The flow entries of the first set have a first format. The method receives a set of physical network description data and binding data that binds logical network entities to the physical network. Based on the received flow entries, physical network description data, and binding data, the method generates a second set of flow entries for implementing the particular logical network in the physical network. The flow entries of the second set have a second format readable by the MFE. The method distributes the second set of flow entries to the MFE.

Abstract: A method comprises determining if a failure has occurred in a first path, an offload application server functionality being provided in said first path and if so, causing routing of said data via a second different path which bypasses said offload server functionality.

Abstract: A system for transmitting encapsulated media over tunnels, in response to a first request from a first application, establishes a first tunnel between a first tunneling client of a user equipment (“UE”) and a tunneling server and establishes a first outer transport layer and a first outer network layer and establishes a local tunneling proxy. Further, the system, in response to a second request from a second application, establishes a second tunnel between the first tunneling client and the tunneling server, where the second request includes a request to use the first outer transport layer and the first outer network layer established in conjunction with the first tunnel, and the second request is forwarded to the tunneling server via the local tunneling proxy.

Abstract: Various techniques for managing backup for domain nameservers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a nameserver record associated with a domain name. The nameserver record containing addresses of an active nameserver and a passive nameserver. The method also includes determining if the active nameserver is reachable by contacting the active nameserver based on the address of the active nameserver in the nameserver record. In response to determining that (i) the active nameserver is unreachable and (ii) the nameserver record does not include an address of an additional active nameserver, the method includes contacting the passive nameserver for resolving the domain name based on the address of the passive nameserver in the nameserver record.

Abstract: Provided are a cross-Master eNB (MeNB) switching method and apparatus, and a base station. The method comprises: a target MeNB determines that a UE has already established a selected internet protocol traffic offload (SIPTO)/local internet protocol access (LIPA) service on a secondary eNB (SeNB) before the switching; and the target MeNB retains or releases the SIPTO/LIPA service, wherein the user equipment (UE) is accessed to a source MeNB and the SeNB through dual links before the switching, and the UE is accessed to the target MeNB and the SeNB through the dual links after the switching, and a combined local gateway (L-GW) supporting the SIPTO/LIPA service is configured on the SeNB. By means of the present invention, the problem in the related art of not considering the processing of the SIPTO/LIPA service in the cross MeNB switching process is solved, thereby providing an SIPTO/LIPA service processing method in the cross MeNB switching process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to identify network topologies are disclosed. An example method includes determining a set of network nodes in a set of end-to-end communication paths between a pair of designated nodes based on a configuration of the network and locations of the designated nodes within the network. The set of network nodes excludes a subset of the network nodes that are present in all the end-to-end communication paths. A binary decision table is generated that includes up to 2N entries where N is the number of nodes in the set of network nodes. The respective nodes are represented in respective columns of the binary decision table, and data in the row of the columns indicates distinct combinations of the network nodes. Performance measurement commands are generated for a set of valid combinations of the network nodes that enable monitoring of the network according to the configuration of the network.

Abstract: An optical device having a self-repair component capable of curing a defective component(s) is disclosed. To improve reliability as well as manufacturing yield, a photonic integrated circuit (“PIC”) for as a multi-channel optical line terminal (“OLT”) contains spare lasers or standby lasers configured to replace a failed laser(s). In one aspect, PIC includes a set of fixed-wavelength lasers (“FWLs”), a tunable-wavelength auxiliary laser (“TWAL”), a photonic detector, and a tuner. FWLs, for example, generate optical wavelengths representing optical signals. TWAL generates an optical signal with a spectrum of wavelengths based on a setting generated by the tuner. The photonic detector detects a defective wavelength. The tuner adjusts output wavelength of TWAL in response to the defective wavelength. Alternatively, PIC includes a working laser array, standby laser array, and spare laser array capable of providing two layer laser defective protections.

Abstract: A wireless access point (10) connected to a fixed telecommunications network (12) broadcasts codes relating to one or more network identities (100, 101) identifying availability of wireless connection to the access point, If connection to the telecommunications network (12) is lost, it suspends one of the identity codes (100) and replaces it with a special identity code for a network identity (102) configured to co-operate with a mobile terminal (53) equipped to recognize the special identity code and transmit a message over another communications link (6, 49) to alert a service center (7) to the fault (13).

Abstract: At a source node in a wireless network, it is determined that target node(s) should be one of activated or deactivated. Message(s) are sent from the source node toward a base station providing wireless access for nodes to the wireless network. The message(s) include an identification of the target node(s) and are configured to indicate that the at least one target node should be one of activated or deactivated. A base station receives the message(s) and sends a message toward each of the target node(s) indicating that the target node(s) should be the one of activated or deactivated. The source and target nodes may be sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. Methods, apparatus, computer products, and a computer program are disclosed.

Abstract: Data forwarding method, device, and system are provided for software-defined networking. An SDN control device delivers a proactive flow entry according to network topology information, where the proactive flow entry is unrelated to a service, and instead related to the network topology information. The proactive flow entry may be reused during data forwarding. After data is received, the SDN control device delivers reactive flow entries to some switching devices, where the reactive flow entries are related to the service, but are delivered to a subset of switching devices. This reduces flow entries delivered by the SDN control device to some switching devices, so that occupation of resources of the SDN control device and a switching device by flow entries is reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to router maintenance. An indication that a first router in the communication network is to be maintained is obtained. A parameter associated with a route selection is set to be a predetermined value responsive to the indication. The value of the parameter is sent to a further router in the communication network, such that probability that the further router selects a route passing through the router to be maintained is below a predetermined threshold. In this way, the route selection during the router maintenance is more cost-effective and efficient.

Abstract: A method of managing a server is described where a service performed by a task executing on the server is configured into a plurality of sub-tasks, which may be further configured into a plurality of subsidiary tasks. When a subsidiary task executes, the completion thereof is determined to be either a successful or an unsuccessful completion. The completion status of the ensemble of subsidiary tasks is assessed on each completion of a subsidiary task, and the failure of any subsidiary task to successfully complete is deemed to be a failure to complete of the server task. The failure to complete is reported to the requesting application without waiting for the completion of any pending subsidiary task.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. The method may include transmitting a first synchronization signal in a set of beam directions during a first symbol period of a synchronization subframe and transmitting a second synchronization signal in another set of beam directions during a second symbol period of the synchronization subframe. The second set of beam directions may be spatially interleaved with the first set of beam directions. Additionally, the method may include monitoring a first and second set of beam directions during a first and second symbol period of a random access subframe, respectively. Additionally, the method may include receiving, from a base station, first and second synchronization signals in a synchronization subframe, decoding the first synchronization signal, and transmitting an access request based at least in part on the decoded first synchronization signal.

Abstract: A network device is located in a cloud routing services center that is separate from a customer network. The network device provides a user interface to solicit, from a customer device outside the cloud routing services center, structured routing criteria for virtual private network (VPN) routes over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network and receives, from the customer device, customer routing criteria selected from the structured routing criteria. The network device retrieves network configuration data for the MPLS network and applies the customer routing criteria to the network configuration data to generate a customer VPN routing plan for the MPLS network. The network device analyzes the customer VPN routing plan to determine if the routing plan is viable and, if the routing plan is viable, configures devices in the MPLS network to implement a customer VPN based on the customer VPN routing plan.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for reversing the conventional roles of central and peripheral devices in a BLE network. Doing so includes implementing an end node (EN) as the sole initiator of establishing a connection between a particular EN and a particular access point (AP). Such implementation includes determining such connection based on a relative proximity of an EN to an AP, and a relative value of the connection between an EN and an AP. Accordingly, a relative location of the EN may be determined based on such proximity.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes computing at a controller, a primary path and a backup path for transmittal of multicast data from service nodes in communication with the controller and a multicast source to access nodes in communication with multicast receivers, and transmitting from the controller, information for the primary path and the backup path to the access nodes for use by the access nodes in receiving the multicast data on the primary path and the backup path, and switching transmittal of the multicast data to the multicast receivers from the primary path to the backup path upon identifying a failure in the primary path to provide fast reroute at the access nodes. A multicast control plane runs in the controller without operating in the access nodes. An apparatus is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method and system for distributive flow control and bandwidth management in networks is disclosed. The method includes: providing multiple Internet Protocol (IP) Gateways (IPGWs) that each have a maximum send rate and one or more sessions with associated throughput criteria, wherein each IPGW performs flow control by limiting information flows by the respective maximum send rate and throughput criteria; providing multiple Code Rate Organizers (CROs) that each have a bandwidth capacity, wherein each CRO performs bandwidth allocation of its respective bandwidth capacity to one or more IPGWs of the multiple IPGWs; interconnecting the multiple IPGWs with the multiple CROs; and performing bandwidth management across the multiple CROs and IPGWs. In the method, an IPGW of the multiple IPGWs provides flow control across a plurality of the CROs of the multiple CROs, and a CRO of the multiple CROs allocates bandwidth to a plurality of the IPGWs of the multiple IPGWs.

Abstract: Method and system for reducing multicast traffic loss including configuring, on a primary DR including a first configured DR priority, a DR parameter including a value and an attribute; sending to a secondary DR, after a PIM interface comes up, a PIM hello message including a default DR priority lower than a second configured priority of the secondary DR; sending to the secondary DR, after the primary DR reaches a system-up state, a PIM hello message including the default DR priority; performing DR functionality, by the primary DR, after reaching the system-up state; and sending to the secondary DR, after waiting a time period corresponding to the value of the DR parameter, a PIM hello message including the first configured DR priority, where the primary DR waits to send the last PIM hello message to the secondary DR after the time period based on the attribute of the DR parameter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a mobility management procedure initiation method and a device, where the method may include: when a quantity N of failures of a mobility management procedure initiated by a device to a core network entity is greater than or equal to a first threshold, determining, by the device, whether N pieces of failure information include first information used to indicate a failure in establishing a radio resource control protocol connection; when the device determines that the N pieces of failure information include the first information, setting, by the device, an initiation condition parameter for initiating the mobility management procedure; and initiating, by the device, the mobility management procedure based on the initiation condition parameter. The present disclosure can improve a network access speed of the device.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide various techniques for beam recovery. For example, a method for wireless communication by a network entity may include providing configuration information to a user equipment (UE) indicating a sequence of target beams and timing information to try each target beam in the sequence, and attempting to communicate with the UE using one or more of the target beams according to the timing information, in response to a beam failure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving packets in a broadcast and communication system. The present invention comprises: generating a repair packet by encoding a source packet with an error correction code; and transmitting the source packet to a first network and transmitting the repair packet to a second network, wherein the number of repair packets is determined according to the maximum transmission delay values of the first and second networks.

Abstract: A method for performing bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) on an aggregated link between a first network device and a second network device, where the first network device sends, to the second network device, information used to establish at least two BFD sessions. The first network device receives information that is used to establish at least two BFD sessions and sent by the second network device. The first network device respectively establishes BFD sessions between at least two pairs of ports according to the stored information and the information sent by the second network device. The first network device determines whether at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up. If at least one BFD session in the established BFD sessions is up, the first network device determines that the aggregated link between the first network device and the second network device is available.

Abstract: A method for configuring a connection in a storage system is provided. A configuring device determines that the configuring device cannot communicate with a first control board, and identifies route information related to the first control board in a route information table. The route information is route information between an adapter card and the first control board. The configuring device modifies the identified route information by changing an address of the first control board in the route information to an address of a second control board.

Abstract: A base station in a mobile communication system determines the number of slots that are to be used to transmit a synchronization signal in a period of the synchronization signal depending on the number of neighbor cells, allocates a synchronization signal region in which the synchronization signal is to be transmitted to a first slot of the determined number of slots depending on a cell identifier of a serving cell, and allocates a reserved region in which no signal is transmitted to slots other than the first slot among the determined number of slots so as to correspond to a position of the synchronization signal region.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating a model of a transit autonomous system (AS) network. The method comprises analyzing the routing information base for each border gateway protocol (BGP) node in the AS and storing, for each BGP router, (i) a routing table; and, (ii) a prioritized list of next hops for each prefix based on the appropriate best path algorithm. The model can be used to (a) determine how traffic will be routed through the transit AS in steady state and failure scenarios (e.g. when one or more links or nodes/routers have failed); and/or (b) determine how traffic should be routed through the transit AS (e.g. determine the best routes) in steady state and failure scenarios. The optimal routing of the traffic in a particular steady state or failure scenario (as determined by the model) can be compared to the actual routing of the traffic in the steady state or failure scenario (as determined by the model) to determine what changes to make to the transit AS to achieve the optimum routing.