Abstract: An arbitration mechanism provides quality of service guarantees for time-sensitive signals sharing a local area computer network with non-time-sensitive traffic. Device adapters are placed at all access points to an Ethernet network. The device adapters limit admission rates and control the timing of all packets entering the network. By doing so, collisions are eliminated for timesensitive traffic, thereby guaranteeing timely delivery. A common time reference is established for the device adapters. The time reference includes a frame with a plurality of phases. Each of the phases is assigned to a device adapter. Each device adapter is allowed to transmit packets of data onto the network only during the phase assigned thereto. The length of the phases may be modified in accordance with the number of packets to be transmitted by a particular device adapter. A master device adapter may be appointed to synchronize each of the device adapters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communication in a wireless sensor network. In one embodiment, one or more routers in a network may be available for communication with one or more star nodes at a randomized time and/or frequency. A connectivity assessment, which may be performed at several different frequencies and/or times, may be performed to evaluate the quality of communications between devices in the network. Primary and secondary communication relationships may be formed between devices to provide for system redundancy. One or more proxies may be maintained where each proxy includes a status of one or more devices in the network, e.g., one or more star nodes or routers. Proxies may be used to handle information requests and/or status change requests, e.g., a proxy may be requested to change a communication relationship between devices in the network and may generate command signals to cause the corresponding devices to make the change.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of using content information for encoding multimedia data are described. A method of processing multimedia data includes obtaining content information of multimedia data, and encoding the multimedia data so as to align a data boundary with a frame boundary in a time domain, wherein said encoding is based on the content information. In another aspect, a method of processing multimedia data includes obtaining a content classification of the multimedia data, and encoding blocks in the multimedia data as intra-coded blocks or inter-coded blocks based on the content classification to increase the error resilience of the encoded multimedia data. Apparatus that can process multimedia data described in these methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for receiving data using a user agent (UA) configured to communicate with a wireless communications network using a first and second communication carrier is presented. The method includes receiving control information during a first time interval. The control information allocates a resource on at least one of the first communication carrier and the second communication carrier. When the control information allocates a resource on the first communication carrier, the method includes receiving data using the first communication carrier during a second time interval. When the control information allocates a resource on the second communication carrier, the method includes receiving data using the second communication carrier during a third time interval, the third time interval being offset from the first time interval.

Abstract: A method of performing a random access in a mobile communication system and an apparatus for the same are disclosed. The method of performing a random access includes transmitting a random access preamble to a network node and receiving a random access response from the network node, wherein the random access response is received through a first subframe if the random access preamble is a dedicated preamble, and the random access response is received through a second subframe which is different from the first subframe if the random access preamble is a non-dedicated preamble.

Abstract: A network architecture uses an Application Server Autonomous Access (ASAA) server which allows paging and call routing across different types of wireless and wireline access networks. The ASAA server provides connectivity between an external voice or data network and a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The external voice or data network may be a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or a public data network (PDN), so that the connectivity between the external network and the WTRU is provided through the access networks using data from the ASAA server.

Abstract: A network including a plurality of nodes each configured as transmitters, receivers, or transceivers. At least one of the nodes may be configured to wirelessly transmit a repeating isochronous signal for reception by one or more of the other nodes. The isochronous phase and/or frequency of the repeating isochronous transmission may be variably adjusted to reduce signal interference.

Abstract: In a method of synchronizing time domain multiplexing interference mitigation schemes of at least a first, second, and third wireless communication link within a first, second, and third network, respectively, a first set of parameters defining a first set of time intervals is determined. The first set of time intervals is utilized to schedule transmissions of the first wireless communication link to reduce interference with transmissions of the second wireless communication link. A second set of parameters defining a second set of time intervals is determined. The second set of time intervals is utilized to schedule transmissions of the first wireless communication link to reduce interference with transmissions of the third wireless communication link. The second set of parameters is determined based at least in part on at least one of the first set of parameters.

Abstract: A method of reproducing at least two digital video sequences. The method includes multiplexing a first digital video sequence with a second digital video sequence, pictures of the second digital video sequence are included in advance in a video stream and are associated with timing information such that a receiver will not decode and reproduce the pictures of the second digital video sequence. The method includes composing the at least two digital video sequences into the video stream in correspondence with a result of the multiplexing and subsequently including a sequence of dummy timing pictures into the video stream. The dummy timing pictures are inter-predicted and are coded by omitting any prediction error data.

Abstract: A method for transmission of data requires a transmitting node sending a request message identifying at least one time slot that is available for the transmitting node to transmit a data transmission to a plurality of receiving nodes, a first receiving node transmitting a first time slot grant message in response to the request message, a second receiving node transmitting a second time slot grant message in response to the request message, the transmitting node receiving the first and second time slot grant messages, the transmitting node evaluating the first and second time slot grant messages to determine at least one available time slot for transmitting, the transmitting node transmitting at least one confirmation message to the first and second receiving nodes, and the transmitting node transmitting the data transmission in the at least one available time slot identified in the at least one confirmation message.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved random access channel protocol, wherein different user elements may be associated with different priority levels. Based on relative priority, the user elements may have different probabilities for deciding when to retransmit a previously transmitted packet upon receiving information from an access point indicating that the packet needs to be retransmitted. A buffer is provided for storing a packet to transmit, and the buffer is associated with a stack counter, which is incremented or decremented to or from a nominal value to determine when to transmit or retransmit the packet stored in the buffer. Based on the relative priority, feedback information from the access point may cause the stack counter for a packet needing to be retransmitted to stay at the nominal value, wherein retransmission will occur at the next available time slot, or it may increase the stack counter by one or more levels.

Abstract: A wireless star topology communication network is implemented in which a centrally located access point supports a very large number of fixed location nodes distributed over a large metropolitan area. Communication is by direct sequence spread spectrum modulating m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation symbols. The access point and all nodes are synchronized using GPS or other means to prevent data collisions. Multiple access is primarily based on signal propagation time between the access point and a node which allows nodes at different ranges to use the same direct sequence code.

Abstract: A method comprising: while in a first communication mode that uses scheduled communication, detecting when a number of packets communicated in an interval exceeds a threshold; and if the number of packets communicated in the interval exceeds the threshold, changing the communication mode from the first communication mode to a second communication mode that uses unscheduled communication and if the number of packets communicated in the interval does not exceed the threshold, remaining in the first communication mode.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate monitoring RF channels in a wireless communication environment to determine whether one or more channels comprise a forward-link-only (FLO) signal. A receiver can receive a first RF channel with a FLO signal and can monitor other RF channels for FLO signals. Upon a determination that a monitored RF channel comprises a FLO signal, the receiver can switch between the first RF channel and the monitored RF channel to facilitate providing seamless reception of the FLO signal, which can be superframe synchronized between RF channels. FLO signal detection can be performed using one or more of a wide-area identification channel energy detection protocol and a wide-area overhead information symbol decoding error detection protocol.

Abstract: A method (200) for discovering paths between source nodes and destination nodes in mesh wireless media (WiMedia) based networks. Each of the discovered paths has sufficient medium time to enable efficient data transfers over the path. The method comprises, upon receiving a route request (RREQ), computing a number of available medium access slots (MAS) of a wireless link between a node receiving the RREQ and a node transmitting the RREQ (S210); computing a number of required MAS to deliver data over the wireless link in an upstream direction (S220); updating a local neighbor link (LNL) list when the number of required MASs is not above the number of available MASs (S240); computing an upper bound value and a lower bound value of a sufficient medium time coefficient (CSMT) (S250); and selecting the path based on at least the upper and lower bound CSMT values (S280).

Abstract: A method includes assigning a port identifier to a first port on a node and communicating data on a first path between the first port and a logical unit on an active/passive storage array. The port identifier is registered in a persistent reservation scheme for the logical unit. The method also includes detecting a failure of the first path, de-assigning the port identifier from the first port, assigning the port identifier to a second port on the first node, and resuming communications between the node and the logical unit. One implementation of a system includes a first port configured to communicate with a storage device, a second port configured to communicate with the storage device, and an identifier management block. The identifier management block executes a failover with N_Port ID Virtualization commands that transfer a world wide port name from the first port to the second port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a server, a system, and a method for providing additional content simultaneously with main content. The system includes: a server for multiplexing a second content with a first content which is streaming-transmitted, and streaming-transmitting, to a terminal, a mixed content produced by multiplexing the second content with the first content; and the terminal for receiving the mixed content, demultiplexing the mixed content to separate the second content from the first content, streaming-reproducing the first content, and storing the separated second content therein. Accordingly, the system does not need a configuration of another system for providing additional content, which presents separate conditions for providing the additional content and determines if the separate conditions are satisfied. Namely, if a condition for receiving only a particular period of the particular content is satisfied, a user of the terminal can receive and use the additional content along with the particular content.

Abstract: In order to satisfy the conflicting requirements for spectrum sensing and QoS of data transmission, it is highly desirable for a cognitive radio system, e.g. IEEE 802.22 WRAN, to perform spectrum sensing and data transmission simultaneously. Embodiments of the invention address critical issues of self-interference generated from a transmission unit to the co-located sensing unit when the simultaneous sensing and data transmission technique is applied. A number of interference mitigation techniques are described and analysis are given.

Abstract: A wireless device includes a base counter configured to generate counter signals synchronized with timing of a base station. A generation module is configured to generate a timing control signal in response to the counter signals. A transceiver is configured to, based on the timing control signal, (i) transmit data on a time division multiple access channel, and (ii) transmit the data in a first time slot without transmitting data in a second time slot. The first time slot is allocated by the base station for the wireless device. The second time slot is allocated by the base station for a second station. The wireless device is separate from the second station. The second time slot is subsequent to and abuts the first time slot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining an optimal frame size for tag collision prevention in an Aloha-based RFID system in which frame sizes limited to a certain unit are used to identify tags, the method including the steps of using an RFID for: (a) calculating an estimated optimal frame value for the RFID reader identifying the tags; (b) calculating expected time delays per tag of a left-hand frame size and a right-hand frame size, which show the smallest differences with respect to the estimated optimal frame value, among the frame sizes; (c) comparing, the expected time delay per tag of the left-hand frame size with that of the right-hand frame size; and (d) determining a frame size which has a smaller expected time delay per tag, between the left-hand frame size and the right-hand frame size, to be an optimal frame size.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and device of statistical interleaving of at least two digital video sequences each comprising a plurality of coded pictures to be reproduced by a decoder, wherein the two digital video sequences form a single video stream and are destined for being successively reproduced in time, comprising statistical multiplexing a first digital video sequence with a second digital video sequence, wherein the pictures of the second digital video sequence are associated with timing information, which prevents a decoder from reproducing the pictures; transmitting the digital video sequences in an interleaved manner in accordance with a result of the statistical multiplexing to the decoder; and once the second digital video sequence is to be reproduced by decoder receiving the stream: transmitting dummy pictures, which are coded to refer to one or more pictures of the second video sequence transmitted in advance to the decoder.

Abstract: A method and system for wireless communication in which a plurality of media access control (“MAC”) packet data units (“PDUs”) corresponding to a plurality of wireless communication connections are received. The plurality of MAC PDUs is grouped into a relay packet and the relay packet is transmitted. Such grouping and transmission of the relay packet is performed by one or more relay nodes. The traffic control for the transmission can also be based on centralized or decentralized routing control and/or centralized or decentralized QoS control.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for configuring and indicating physical random access channel parameter in a time division duplex system, suitable for the long term evolution, system, including: the same PRACH configuration set is stored in a base station and a terminal respectively; when performing a PRACH configuration, the terminal inquires the PRACH configuration set according to configuration information to obtain a configuration parameter, and/or the terminal computes to obtain the configuration parameter according to a system parameter. Set by using the method provided by the present invention, the PRACH configuration set can provide enough density types for various PRACH formats in order to meet the requirements of different system loads, and meanwhile can provide enough version types for each combination of format and density, decrease the processing load of the base station, and reduce the inter-cell interference.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a plurality of mobile stations and a base station which periodically receives a predetermined kind of information from one or more registered mobile stations registered in the base station among the plurality of mobile stations via a radio channel shared among the registered mobile stations. The base station determines a transmission interval of the information for the registered mobile stations in accordance with the number of the registered mobile stations, allocates transmission timings of the information for the registered mobile stations to be different among the registered mobile stations in the transmission interval, and notifies the registered mobile station of the transmission interval and the transmission timing. Each one of the registered mobile stations periodically sends out the information to the radio channel in accordance with the transmission interval and the transmission timing.

Abstract: The present disclosure is a full-duplex wireless voice broadcasting apparatus. The apparatus is capable of channel-changing. Full-duplex (two-way) voice communication is achieved by using at least one receiving device and an emitting device. The receiving device has good mobility to be used as an emergent caller to the emitting device. The present disclosure has advantages in interference resistance, energy saving, short-distance emergent calling, and calling for help.

Abstract: A frame transmission method in a wireless communication system comprises setting a primary frame including a multiplicity of primary sub-frames, setting a secondary frame including a multiplicity of secondary sub-frames, and transmitting the secondary frame, wherein each of the primary sub-frames and each of the secondary sub-frames consists of multiple OFDM symbols, the OFDM symbols included in the primary sub-frame and the OFDM symbols included in the secondary sub-frame have different CP (Cyclic Prefix) lengths from one another, and the primary sub-frames and the secondary sub-frames are all equal in length. It is an advantage of the invention that frames consisting of OFDM symbols with different CP lengths can coexist together. Moreover, when each of the sub-frames within one frame consists of multiple OFDM symbols with different CP lengths, even the sub-frames can coexist together.

Abstract: A local device broadcasts a service advertisement in a wireless network, where the service advertisement includes one or more service identifiers (IDs) identifying one or more services being advertised and an availability schedule of the local device. Optionally, the local device reduces power to at least a portion of the local device and wakes up at a time according to the availability schedule. The local device listens in the wireless network according to the availability schedule of the local device. In response to a service request received from a remote device during the availability window, the local device transmits a service response to the remote device. The service request includes one or more service IDs identifying one or more services being inquired by the remote device and the service response includes detailed information associated with one or more services identified by the one or more service IDs.

Abstract: A method for estimating timing in a wireless communication comprises the steps of receiving a plurality of symbol bursts corresponding to a plurality of time slots and selecting a subset of symbols from a first symbol burst of the plurality of symbol bursts. The subset comprises a first midamble symbol. The method further comprises the steps of calculating, for each symbol in the subset, a corresponding midamble estimation error, and determining the lowest calculated midamble estimation error to determine a timing for the first symbol burst. The method further comprises the steps of processing the first symbol burst utilizing the timing determined for the first symbol burst, and processing a second symbol burst of the plurality of symbol bursts utilizing the timing determined for the first symbol burst.

Abstract: New multiplexing UL structures for supporting legacy system are provided. A 16m system of diversity mode can be multiplexed with 16e system in PUSC mode in FDM manner with the same tiles/permutation rules. A 16m system can be multiplexed with 16e system in AMC mode in FDM and/or TDM manner. The time length of multiplexed 16e PUSC packets and/or 16m packets can be extended to more than two sub-frames for UL coverage. A PRU for 16m system may consists of 16 sub-carriers by 6 OFDM symbols, 18 sub-carriers by 6 OFDM symbols, or 20 sub-carriers by 6 OFDM symbols.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) of a relay station. The method includes: receiving SRS parameters; allocating a radio resource by using the SRS parameters; and transmitting the SRS to a base station by using the radio resource, wherein the radio resource indicated by the SRS parameters includes a symbol in which a guard time for switching signal transmission and reception is located in a time domain.

Abstract: A technique for a time division multiplex system in which access to shared broadcast communication media is granted on a demand basis. Particular connections are assigned slot times at the transmitter based on demand. However, no specific information regarding the assignment of time slots need be communicated to the receivers. The transmit side employs a forward error correction technique followed by multiplication by a cover sequence unique to each connection. All receivers listen to the broadcast transmission channel all of the time. The receiver assigned to each connection decodes the signals in such a manner that only the receiver with the correct cover sequence assigned to a particular connection will successfully decode the data associated with that connection. Data frames that fail the forward error correction process are discarded, and only those frames which are successfully decoded are passed up to a higher layer.

Abstract: A method for data transmission in a TDD system is disclosed. The method includes: configuring, by a base station, a length respectively for a Downlink Pilot Slot (DwPTS) and an Uplink Pilot Slot (UpPTS) within a special field of a radio half-frame based on a current coverage area taking one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol as a unit, and issuing a configured result to a user device, wherein a total length of the DwPTS, a Guard Period (GP) slot and the UpPTS is kept to be 1 ms; constructing, by the base station, radio half-frames for data transmission according to the configured result. An apparatus for data transmission in the TDD system is also disclosed. According to the present invention, coverage area of different levels with smaller granularity is supported, radio resources are saved and transmission efficiency is increased.

Abstract: Techniques to implement MBMS services in a wireless communication system. In one aspect, a method is provided for processing data for transmission to a plurality of terminals. Frames of information bits (which may have variable rates) are provided to a buffer implementing a matrix. The matrix is padded with padding bits based on a particular padding scheme to support variable frame rates. The frames are then coded based on a particular block code to provide parity bits. The frame of information bits and the parity bits are then transmitted to the terminals. In another aspect, a method is provided for controlling the transmit power of a data transmission to a plurality of terminals. In accordance with the method, TPC streams are received from the terminals and processed to obtain a stream of joint power control commands used to adjust the transmit power of the data transmission.

Abstract: A synchronization timing detecting method for a receiving device which receives a radio signal including a known symbol on a certain cycle and a gap period which is formed with a certain timing relation based on a transmit timing of the known symbol, wherein synchronization is not achieved in the gap period and the gap period has a longer duration than a certain time, includes receiving the radio signal to detect the gap period in which symbol synchronization is not achieved and which is longer than the certain time, and detecting the known symbol at a timing determined by the certain timing relation based on the gap period detected.

Abstract: Techniques are described for permitting uplink feedback for downlink transmission over downlink-only RF carriers to occur using uplink control channels belonging to another fully-configured RF carrier herein known as a primary carrier. Uplink feedback channels can be allocated for the downlink-only RF carriers in the uplink control regions of a fully-configured RF carrier immediately following the uplink control channels for the primary carrier are allocated. The uplink feedback channels for downlink-only RF carriers can be allocated based on global or local index number of each downlink-only RF carrier in sequential order based on ascending or descending sorting of the index numbers.

Abstract: New multiplexing UL structures for supporting legacy system are provided. A 16m system of diversity mode can be multiplexed with 16e system in PUSC mode in FDM manner with the same tiles/permutation rules. A 16m system can be multiplexed with 16e system in AMC mode in FDM and/or TDM manner. The time length of multiplexed 16e PUSC packets and/or 16m packets can be extended to more than two sub-frames for UL coverage. A PRU for 16m system may consists of 16 sub-carriers by 6 OFDMA symbols, 18 sub-carriers by 6 OFDMA symbols, or 20 sub-carriers by 6 OFDMA symbols when FDM is used.

Abstract: In the configuration of an optical communication system interconnecting a parent station and a plurality of child stations via an optical fiber network equipped with an optical splitter, RE is provided having a measuring unit for measuring a transmission distance or time to a child station, a determining unit for determining a timing when a child station transmits a signal, in accordance with a transmission bandwidth request from the child station, and a signal processing unit for processing a signal received from a child station and transmitting the processed signal to the parent station. When a burst signal is received from each child station at the determined timing, a portion of the header of the burst signal is deleted, and a dummy signal is inserted into the deleted area and a gap area between received burst signals to convert the burst signals into a series of signals to be sent to the parent station.

Abstract: A method of searching for a different network cell by a mobile station in a global system for mobile communication (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS) system is provided. The method includes receiving from a serving cell an indication message including information on whether to use an extended search frame, and searching for the different network cell by using an idle frame and the extended search frame. A method of effectively searching for a different network cell by a mobile station to interwork with a different network in a global system for mobile communication (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS) system can be provided.

Abstract: A radio apparatus communicates with a plurality of terminal apparatuses by using a packet signal composed of at least one stream. A control unit divides a certain period into a plurality of partial periods and assigns respectively the plurality of partial periods to the plurality of terminal apparatuses by associating the periods with the terminal apparatuses. The control unit also generates a packet signal for use in control and packet signals for use in inquiry. In so doing, the control unit generates the inquiry packet signals for the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses, as a single packet signal. A baseband processing unit and other units transmit the control packet signal and then transmit the inquiry packet signals, and receive packet signals, containing inquiry results, from the plurality of respective terminal apparatuses.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method may include receiving at a wireless device one or more beacon packets sent by a communication base station, determining a delay period at the wireless device, wherein the delay period is determined so that a delay for the wireless device is different than a delay for another wireless device, sending a first association request from the wireless device after waiting for the delay period, and establishing communication with the base station if an association response is received from the base station within a determined time period. The first association request may include information identifying the wireless device and an association code.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide an implementation for a multi-hop wireless backhaul network, in particular an aggregation node (AGN). The AGN includes a plurality of spatially switched antennas and a transceiver configured to operate on the plurality of spatially switched antennas in a time divisional multiplexing (TDM) fashion to establish active connections with other network nodes in a hierarchical manner. The AGN is further configured to perform a bi-directional relay function for backhaul traffic with the other network nodes using at least one virtual circuit having an allocated bandwidth for delay sensitive traffic. The AGN may serve to aggregate and relay/amplify circuit traffic between network nodes in the up stream and down stream directions. If the AGN is interposed within a circuit between two other nodes, the AGN can switch the circuit traffic between the end-nodes of the circuit.

Abstract: A method and system for decoding SACCH control channels in GSM-based systems with partial combining using weighted SNR may comprise combining least one weighted bit of a GSM slow associated control channel (SACCH) frame with at least one weighted bit of a subsequent GSM SACCH block based on burst signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of the GSM SACCH block and the subsequent GSM SACCH block. The burst SNR may be determined from a mid-amble of the GSM SACCH block and its subsequent GSM SACCH block. The burst SNRs of the GSM SACCH block may be translated to a corresponding plurality of scaling factors. At least a first weighting factor may be determined from the corresponding plurality of scaling factors. At least one weighted bit of the GSM SACCH block is determined utilizing the determined first weighting factor.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of neighbor discovery in a wireless personal area network, comprising coordinating communications in the WPAN by a WPAN coordinator, and transmitting beacons by the WPAN coordinator on a control channel of the WPAN that specifies the time slots and the order in which devices operating in the WPAN transmit their omni-directional training sequences on a data channel at the beginning of the next super-frame.

Abstract: This method includes: judging, for each certain combination of the source and destination nodes, for which the number of time slots to be allocated is equal to or greater than 1, whether or not certain time slots exist that are capable of forming a route from the source node to the destination node by unused links; for each certain combination judged, at the judging, that the certain time slots exist that are capable of forming the route by the unused links, identifying, for each certain time slot, a shortest route among routes formed by the unused links, calculating an evaluation value from the number of hops in the shorted route, an allocated priority associated with a corresponding certain combination and the number of used links in the corresponding certain time slot; and identifying a maximum evaluation value among the evaluation values.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a technique for releasing semi-persistent scheduling resources and for immediate entering an energy saving mode of operation at a user terminal.

Abstract: In embodiments, an adaptive tone erasure technique is applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications, such as ECMA-368 standard ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. A transmitter obtains jammed sub-carrier information and calculates an erasure mask. The jammed sub-carriers are nulled before transmitting to a receiver. In accordance with the erasure mask, bits falling on the jammed sub-carriers are replaced by erasure bits before interleaving, keeping the interleaver block size constant notwithstanding variations in the number of the jammed sub-carriers. The receiver also obtains the jammed sub-carrier information and the erasure mask. After the receiver deinterleaves the constant size blocks, it decodes the data without the erasure bits. The transmitter may detect the jammed sub-carriers itself, or obtain the information from the receiver. The receiver similarly may detect the jammed sub-carriers itself, or obtain the information from the transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for address assignment and node scheduling within an ad-hoc communication system is provided herein. During operation a personal area network coordinator (PANC) (40) will divide a superframe (301) into a plurality of slots, assigning each sub-tree under the PANC's direct child node to each slot for communication with the PANC. Each sub-tree coordinator will be assigned a same logical address by the PANC. As a result, a sub-tree coordinator synchronizes to the PANC node in only one subsuperframe slot assigned by the PANC with different sub-tree coordinators synchronizing to the PANC in different slots.

Abstract: Each of n signal transition detection sections detects a transition of the signal level of at least one of a first input signal or a second input signal corresponding to the signal transition detection section. A time-division control section outputs a control pulse according to a system clock when a signal transition is detected by at least one of the n signal transition detection sections. Each of n output switching sections outputs either the first or the second input signal corresponding to the output switching section as a multiplexed signal according to the control pulse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a communications node (10) for routing an optical signal 5 comprising at least one data packet, the node (10) having an input optic fiber (12) and an output optic fiber (14) in communication with each other, the input optic fiber (12) in communication with an optical splitter (20) which is arranged to split an incoming optical signal into at least two substantially identical optical signals, the optical splitter (20) further arranged to pass one of the optical signals to an optical correlator (22) and the other of the optical signals to an input optical switch (24), the optical correlator (22) being arranged to compare an address of the packet with a reference address (40) and to generate a trigger if the reference address (40) matches the address of the packet, the input optical switch (24) being arranged to route the data packet to an optical to electrical converter (28) in response to the trigger.

Abstract: A self-repair system provides resource failure tolerance using an interconnection network that provides interconnection information identifying connections between system resources, redundant resources and ports that are connectable to consumers of the system resources. A controller identifies both defective system resources and the affected sinks connected to the defective system resources from the interconnection network. The controller further identifies compatible resources from the system resources and redundant resources that are capable of replacing the defective system resources for each of the affected sinks from the interconnection network. The controller determines a respective cost associated with each of the compatible resources, and in response to the determined costs, selects at least one of the compatible resources as a replacement resource for each of the defective system resources.