Abstract: A method and device for transmitting a frame of a wireless communication begins by generating a preamble of the frame that includes a short training sequence and at least one long training sequence. The at least one long training sequence includes non-zero energy on each of a plurality of subcarriers except a DC subcarrier. The at least one long training sequence corresponds to the number of antennas and applicable wireless communication standards. A matrix is defined to represent the at least one long training sequence. The preamble is compatible with legacy and current standards. A channel is defined with a set of sub carriers to transmit the frame.

Abstract: A method for switching multi-rate communications is described. The method includes filling a first set of p timeslots with p sets of data from a first data collection of a first type, where the first data collection includes m sets of data and p is less than m. The method also includes loading at least one overflow timeslot with at least one overflow set of data from the first data collection, where the overflow set of data exceeds a size of the first set of p timeslots.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting data in multiple-branch transmitter-diversity OFDM systems is presented. In one embodiment, an approach is taken where an inverse Fourier transform (IFT) is performed on data prior to encoding the data for transmission in the multiple-branch transmitter-diversity system. In another embodiment an IFT is performed on data prior to encoding the data using a space-time block code (STBC) algorithm.

Abstract: A method includes communicating a number of first frames using a first communication scheme. Each of the first frames has one or more first active time periods. Communication of the first frames uses a first frequency band. The method includes communicating a number of second frames using a second communication scheme. Each of the second frames has one or more second active time periods. Communication of the second frames uses a second frequency band that at least partially overlaps the first frequency band. The communication of the first frames and communication of the second frames operate so that at least a portion of the first and second frames overlap in time but the first and second active time periods do not overlap in time. Apparatus and computer program products are also disclosed. An additional method is disclosed for providing coexistence of two time-division systems.

Abstract: In a wireless network structure which includes a wireless LAN device having a base station function (host device) which is compliant with IEEE802.11h and at least one wireless LAN device having a terminal function (slave device) which is not compliant with IEEE802.11h, the incompliant terminal transmits a probe request to the base station for confirming the presence of the base station. When the base station has dynamically switched its channel (frequency), a probe response is not returned from the base station to the terminal. Thus, the incompliant terminal transmits a probe request through a different channel in order to confirm the presence of the base station. The incompliant terminal repeats the above channel search process till the base station is found.

Abstract: In an embodiment of an Fast Fail Rate method, a failure rate is determined for a population of pieces of equipment in use over a period of time. The method comprises selecting a period of time, segmenting the period of time into multiple time intervals; obtaining data for the population of pieces of equipment, the data broken down over the time intervals; and computing a life data distribution for the data, the life data distribution being associated with a given time, and being based on the obtained data for time intervals prior to the given point in time.

Abstract: Space-time block code with structure of a block STTD. 2×2 blocks allow partial orthogonality for low-complexity detection and optimized diversity gain and coding gain.

Abstract: A base station apparatus corresponding to a first base station apparatus of base station apparatuses and connected to terminal apparatuses, first base station apparatus transmitting and receiving first packets with respect to a second base station apparatus corresponding to another of base station apparatuses and transmitting and receiving second packets with respect to terminal apparatuses, first base station apparatus transmits a third packet to second base station apparatus, third packet corresponding to one of first packets to be transmitted from first base station apparatus and including a first data item, second base station apparatus recognizing by first data item that first base station apparatus is one of base station apparatuses, third packet being used through an authentication process or an association process for connecting in wireless first base station apparatus to second base station apparatus.

Abstract: To provide a portable terminal that can establish an ad hoc network by operating existing communication unit without requiring a burdensome operation of manually exchanging ad hoc setting information. The distribution determination section of a receiving portable terminal compares a message digest that is calculated by a telephone calling application from a received telephone number and one received by the short-distance wireless communication section. If the values of the message digests match, the distribution determination section informs the user that the calling portable terminal is capable of ad hoc communication such as on a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A bit-rate-transparent electrical space-division switching matrix is employed in an optical cross-connect and the input/output stage is constructed from simple, broadband optical receivers and transmitters. Since the switching matrix operates in unclocked manner, i.e. its switching function is not based on internal bit timing and frame timing, arbitrary signals can be switched though transparently at almost any bit rate, independently of the protocol-type being used. The inputs and outputs likewise operate fully independently of bit rate and protocol, since they only implement an O/E conversion or O/E conversion. By virtue of this structure, a simply constructed but extremely powerful optical cross-connect is created that can be employed equally for all types of optical signals within the stipulated wavelength-range.

Abstract: A switch system including a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports for transferring data from one of the input ports to one of the output ports, and a plurality of memory devices is disclosed. The memory devices include a first memory bank configured for data being written to the first memory bank while data is read from the first memory bank at a timeslot and a second memory bank, which is smaller than the first memory bank and configured for writing the data read from the first memory bank to the second memory bank and reading data from the second memory bank. The system further includes an address comparer configured to compare a write address of the first memory bank with a read address of the first memory bank and select data for output from the first memory bank if the write address is smaller than the read address and select data from the second memory bank if the read address is equal to or smaller than the write address.

Abstract: Rather than restricting a stream of data to a single channel within a multi-channel link between a source node and a core node, each channel is divided into time slots and the stream of data is distributed among these time slots in several channels. However, to ease the management of switching the stream of data at the core node, simultaneous time slots in each channel may be arranged into “stripes,” such that a particular stripe may only include data segments having a common destination. Switching these stripes of data at the core node requires that the source of such a stripe arrange the frame according to a frame structure provided by the core node. Advantageously, where the frame is striped across an entire link, the present invention provides for a variation on link switching that approaches the topological reach of TDM switching while maintaining relatively straightforward operation at the core node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for protection switching. According to the invention the arrangement includes at least one primary and at least one secondary egress switch port, a routing table and a selection table. The method includes: Checking which group identity an ingress flow identity of a data flow is associated with. Checking if a primary or a secondary egress switch port routing address is to be used for said group identity. Switching the data flow to the egress switch port corresponding to the egress switch port routing address that is to be used.

Abstract: Multicast call blocking is reduced in TST switch fabrics with the aid of an m-entry data structure. Each entry corresponds to one of m timeslots, and has 2n sub-entries corresponding to n input ports and n output ports. An N-cast call X:(y?z1, z2 . . . zN) is representable by associating a selected entry's yth input sub-entry with z1, z2, . . . zN of the selected entry's output sub-entries. Upon receipt of a call, the data structure entries are sequentially examined to detect the first entry for which a yth input sub-entry is unused and z1, z2, . . . zN output sub-entries are unused. If such an entry is detected, the call is scheduled for transmission in the corresponding timeslot. If there is no such entry and if N=1 the call cannot be scheduled; but, if N>1 the call is divided into two or more calls and an attempt is made to schedule them as above.

Abstract: A networking approach is disclosed that combines the advantages of circuit switching and packet switching in an integrated communications network. With this approach, control signals are separated from the data and transmitted separately in a common control channel. Control and signaling operation can be viewed as a logical extension of generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS). A variable number of data channels are dynamically assigned to each connection through the network. Channels are quickly switched in to accommodate the data flow through a connection and switched out when they are no longer needed. With this dynamic channel switching approach, a continuous data stream is not altered as it transverses the network and data channels are efficiently utilized even if the data source is bursty. The proposed approach is compatible with legacy networks and can provide a mechanism for convergence of circuit switching and packet switching.

Abstract: Low speed switches operated under the common control of a global scheduler can be used to switch high speed data while preserving packet ordering if the incoming packets are queued in a temporal order. By operating several low speed switches in parallel, a high-speed switching capacity can be realized.

Abstract: A synchronous cross-connect switch for routing data samples from a source node to a destination node comprises a mesh architecture including a plurality of inputs for receiving one or more of the data samples presented to the cross-connect switch. The mesh architecture includes a plurality of nodes operatively interconnected with one another using one or more half-duplex links. Each of the nodes further includes a receiver and a transmitter. Each node further includes an input time-slot-interchanger (TSI) operatively coupled to a first half-duplex link and to the receiver, the input TSI being configurable to selectively reorder one or more data samples received by the receiver, and an output TSI operatively coupled to a second half-duplex link and to the transmitter, the output TSI being configurable to selectively reorder one or more data samples to be transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: A bit-rate-transparent electrical space-division switching matrix is employed in an optical cross-connect and the input/output stage is constructed from simple, broadband optical receivers and transmitters. Since the switching matrix operates in unclocked manner, i.e. its switching function is not based on internal bit timing and frame timing, arbitrary signals can be switched though transparently at almost any bit rate, independently of the protocol-type being used. The inputs and outputs likewise operate fully independently of bit rate and protocol, since they only implement an O/E conversion or O/E conversion. By virtue of this structure, a simply constructed but extremely powerful optical cross-connect is created that can be employed equally for all types of optical signals within the stipulated wavelength-range.

Abstract: A control network comprises multiple master nodes and multiple slave nodes, connected together in a loop configuration by at least one fiber optic cable. The master nodes share concurrent control over the network nodes by time multiplexing or other techniques. The control network may include two fiber optic rings which carry the same data simultaneously in opposite directions around the loop. A polling scheme may be used by the master nodes such that only one node transmits at a given time in both directions around the loop. The receiving node(s) propagate the transmissions and select between the transmissions based on time, error rate, or other factors. A hierarchical control network may be constructed with upper tier and lower tier fiber optic rings. Multiple master nodes may be used at any level of the ring, and some or all of the rings may include two fiber optics for bidirectional, redundant communication within the network.

Abstract: An access router of a local mobile network includes a delegation resource for delegating address prefixes and a routing resource configured for parsing reverse routing headers from received data packets. The delegation resource supplies each mobile router attaching to the local mobile network with a corresponding unique delegated address prefix within an available network prefix for use within the local mobile network. Each mobile router attached to the access router via another mobile router utilizes a reverse routing header to establish a tunnel with the access router, enabling the access router to source route messages to the mobile router via its corresponding local care-of address and next-hop addresses specified in the reverse routing header. Each mobile router creates a remote care-of address based on the delegated address prefix, minimizing the need for binding updates with the corresponding home agent as the mobile router moves within the local mobile network.

Abstract: A network switch having a plurality of port blades, each port blade having a media port and an input and an output connection. The network switch includes a slot adapted to receive a first switch fabric blade in one of a plurality of positions. The first switch fabric blade is configured to receive a subset of the input connections and output connections from the port blades. Multiple switch fabric blades can be inserted into the slot to receive a different subset of the connections. In this manner, a low-cost modular network switch can be designed that can easily be scaled as bandwidth requirements increase.

Abstract: A mobile communications system transporting messages between mobile terminals and a central control center using a satellite communications system. The central control center and the mobile terminals each store a plurality of message display forms each having a form identifier and a predetermimed display format. The message display forms are selected as templates for generating user messages including message data supplied at the originating station. The satellite messages transmit the user message by transmitting the message data and the form identifier of the corresponding selected message display form. The receiving station, upon receiving the satellite message, accesses the message display form from memory in response to the supplied form identifier, and combines the accessed message display form with the message data to recreate the user message. The mobile terminals are designed as low-cost data terminals requiring a minimum amount of memory.

Abstract: A method and system for uplink (UL) synchronization of an uplink transmission from a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) to a Node-B in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system. A Node-B receives a transmission including a UL synchronization (SYNC_UL) sequence from a WTRU. A sampler samples the transmission at a sampling rate which is higher than a chip rate. The samples are down-sampled and the SYNC_UL sequence is detected at a lower rate. A first significant path location of the detected SYNC_UL sequence is determined, and based on the first significant path location, a final significant path location is determined. The final significant path location is quantized and UpPCHPOS is transmitted to the WTRU to adjust a UL transmission timing.

Abstract: Data transmission system comprising a plurality of Local Area Networks (LANs) (10-1 to 10-4) interconnected by a hub (12) including the same plurality of LAN adapters (16-1 to 16-4) respectively connected to the LANs and a packet switch (14) interconnecting all LAN adapters wherein a packet transmitted by any adapter to the packet switch includes a header containing at least the address of the adapter to which the packet is forwarded. At each cross point is located a memory block for storing any data packet received from the input port corresponding to the cross point and which is to be forwarded to the output port corresponding to the cross point.

Abstract: A time/space switching component is provided with multiple functionality that includes a time switching unit, of a space switching unit of a data channel sequence correction unit and of a control unit. As a result of corresponding mode selection, the different functionalities for a switching network are obtained with a single component, resulting in a significant reduction in an overall expenditure for development and manufacture.

Abstract: A method of adding a new connection (c, d) to a time:space:time switch fabric. The fabric has a set I of k input elements, a set M of m switch elements, and a set O of l output elements. Each input element contributes one input to each switch element, and each output element receives one output from each switch element. A state Sm characterizes the switch elements as a set of ordered pairs (i, j), where (i, j) ? Sm if and only if the jth output element is coupled to the ith input element through one of the switch elements. The range of Sm is the set of outputs of Sm such that if j ? range(Sm) then (i, j) ? Sm for some i ? I. The domain of Sm is the set of inputs of Sm such that if i ? domain(Sm) then (i, j) ? Sm for some j ? O.

Abstract: A time:space:time switch fabric incorporating an odd integer number of spatially distributed data switches and a plurality of spatially distributed data serializers. Each data switch has a first plurality of ingress ports, an equal plurality of egress ports, and a space switch for selectably interconnecting any one of the ingress ports to any one of the egress ports. Each data serializer has an input bus for receiving signals to be routed through the switch fabric, an output bus for outputting signals routed through the switch fabric, a plurality of egress ports selectably connectible to any one of the data switch ingress ports, and an equal plurality of ingress ports selectably connectible to any one of the data switch egress ports.

Abstract: A high-capacity electronic switching system includes two or more first stage switch modules to each of which one or more subscriber terminals (telephone sets, fax machines, personal computers, etc.) are connected and each of which executes signal switching for signals from/to the subscriber terminals, and a second stage switch module for switching signals between the first stage switch modules. In the high-capacity electronic switching system, each of the first stage switch modules is connected to another one of the first stage switch modules via a special-purpose link for setting a communication link between the first stage switch modules when necessary. For example, the setting of the communication link via the special-purpose link is executed when an abnormal condition of the second stage switch module occurred and normal communication link setting between two first stage switch modules via the second stage switch module is impossible.

Abstract: Methods for searching a composite path for virtual container signals in a similar CLOS switching network is provided that is capable of switching various signal tributaries. The method can include managing a link use state between each state with a linked list and a bit map, searching connectable candidate paths using the link use state and setting a selected or an optimal path among candidate paths as searched, and managing a connection state of channels in the set path using an N-tree data structure and a data structure.

Abstract: Different signal patterns are inserted in different time slots within a vacant slot for signals passing through redundantly configured units. A selector, which selects one of the units as a working unit, is controlled to select the inserted signal patterns in sequence. A pattern monitoring circuit is provided on the output side of the selector, and identifies a faulty unit by detecting an abnormality in a signal pattern.

Abstract: A cross-point switch includes at least one signal input port and a signal equalizer connected to the signal input port. The signal equalizer compensates for low pass attenuation effects on an input signal present at the signal input port. The cross-point switch also includes a switch fabric connected to the signal equalizer, and at least one switch output port coupled to the switch fabric. An address controller and switch fabric control bus may be used to control the mapping of input ports to output ports. Each input port may optionally be connected to a set of signal equalizers. A multiplexer may be connected to each of the signal equalizers for connecting one signal equalizer output through a multiplexer output to the switch fabric.

Abstract: A network switch having a plurality of port blades, each port blade having a media port and an input and an output connection. The network switch includes a slot adapted to receive a first switch fabric blade in one of a plurality of positions. The first switch fabric blade is configured to receive a subset of the input connections and output connections from the port blades. Multiple switch fabric blades can be inserted into the slot to receive a different subset of the connections. In this manner, a low-cost modular network switch can be designed that can easily be scaled as bandwidth requirements increase.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a 3-layer Virtual Private Network (VPN) which comprises P devices and PE devices in the backbone network, a plurality of sites and CE devices in subscribers' VPNs, and Hierarchy of PE (HoPE) devices, said HoPE devices serve as edge routers in the backbone network and are connected to P devices in the backbone network as well as sites and CE devices in subscribers' VPNs; said HoPE devices comprise understratum PEs (UPEs), zero or more middle-level PEs (MPES) and superior PEs (SPEs) connected with each other, and all of said PEs (UPEs, MPEs, and SPEs) take different roles and deliver the function of a central PE. For the SPEs, the routing and forwarding performance should be relatively higher; while for UPEs, the performance may be lower. The architecture according to the present invention can enhance the expandability in hierarchical BGP/MPLS VPNs.

Abstract: A circuit switched switching system and method includes a plurality of matrix transposition memories. The memories permute the order of incoming and outgoing data, and thereby increase the efficiency of the switch. The switch and matrix transposition memories may be disposed in a satellite. The switch may further include batching circuits for grouping together data from a single terminal device for more efficient transmission through the switch and for more efficient error correction.

Abstract: A data switching circuit (10). The data switching circuit comprises at least one input (10in) for receiving during a same time period a plurality of data streams (ICH0-ICH127). Each of the data streams comprises a plurality of like-sized data quantities. The data switching circuit further comprises a plurality of addressable memories (10x), wherein each of the plurality of addressable memories comprises a plurality of memory cells. The data switching circuit further comprises circuitry (11) for writing into each of the plurality of addressable memories a copy of a same set of data quantities provided by the data streams during a first period of time. Lastly, the data switching circuit further comprises reading circuitry (13, 14), coupled to each respective one of the plurality of addressable memories, for reading during a second period of time a number of data quantities from the respective addressable memory and outputting the read data quantities to output channels.

Abstract: The present invention enables fast reconfiguration of paths associated with bufferless core nodes in a network where any two edge nodes may interconnect through a core node. In order to enhance network agility and performance, edge nodes associated with a core node are separated into a plurality of groups based on, for example, round-trip delay from the core node. This separates the short-haul paths from the long haul paths, thereby enabling the short-haul paths to be configured more frequently than the long-haul paths. It is preferable that the periods be set such that each additional period is an integer multiple of the previous one. This allows for simultaneous configuration of groups of paths. Although the methods and apparatus of the present invention are most effective for bufferless optical switches, they are still effective for electronic switches which may be bufferless or equipped with input data buffers.

Abstract: A method of interleaving time-critical data packets and delay-tolerant data packets on a shared channel emanating from a control port of a switching node permits a strict time requirement for transmission of time-critical data packets to be met. A control circuit of the switching node stores a local time, an indication of a time required to transfer a delay-tolerant data packet waiting to be transferred, a comparator and a selector to control transfer of the time-critical and delay tolerant data packets.

Abstract: A method of allocating channels and paths to connections along candidate channel-paths in a network, where a candidate channel-path comprises a candidate path and candidate channel along the candidate path, is performed by determining individual effects, on the network, of selecting candidate channel-paths. These include effects on at least one channel-path, other than a candidate channel-path, which shares links with the candidate path. Candidate channel-paths are selected based on the determined effects and allocated. In a preferred embodiment, determination of the effects on the network is based on path capacity. The embodiment can be used where a single connection has been requested, or alternatively, where multiple connections have been requested.

Abstract: An exchange equipment using STM able to achieve an improvement of an efficiency of use and an improvement of ease of increase of terminal cards, that is, an STM type exchange, including a time switch, for performing exchange processing of time division multiplexed data, wherein a ring highway is connected via a terminal common unit to an upstream highway and a downstream highway coupled to this time switch via a highway interface unit or directly and wherein a plurality of terminal cards are connected to this ring highway. Each terminal card is provided with an add/drop unit which drops and adds the data from and to an assigned time slot on the ring highway according to control information indicating time slot assignment information determined by the control unit and adds the data and with a card control unit which controls the add/drop unit.

Abstract: Rather than restricting a stream of data to a single channel within a multi-channel link between a source node and a core node, each channel is divided into time slots and the stream of data is distributed among these time slots in several channels. However, to ease the management of switching the stream of data at the core node, simultaneous time slots in each channel may be arranged into “stripes,” such that a particular stripe may only include data segments having a common destination. Switching these stripes of data at the core node requires that the source of such a stripe arrange the frame according to a frame structure provided by the core node. Advantageously, where the frame is striped across an entire link, the present invention provides for a variation on link switching that approaches the topological reach of TDM switching while maintaining relatively straightforward operation at the core node.

Abstract: A highway switch control system for controlling a time division multiplex highway switch of T-S-T three-stage switches in a multiprocessor typed electronic switching system, comprises a plurality of sets of first switches of time sharing switching method, second switches of highway switching method, third switches of time sharing switching method, and processors for controlling each switch, the two processors to be connected together getting information on spare time slots of the mutual switches and deciding time slots for use in the connection, thereby controlling a connection between required switches.

Abstract: A device for controlling transmission power of a mobile station in a multi-carrier CDMA mobile communication system, which includes a digital mixer that receives and divides a wide band multi-carrier signals according to carriers and also filters the divided carrier signals. A searcher receives and separates the divided carrier signals according to carrier signals which have the same path delay. A plurality of fingers separately (and in parallel) despread and demodulate carrier signals which have the same path delay, and synchronize the demodulated signals. Parallel/serial (P/S) converters convert the demodulated signals provided in parallel from the fingers to serial signals. De-randomizers de-randomize the converted demodulated serial signals using a subscriber identification code.

Abstract: A pipeline-based matching scheduling approach for input-buffered switches relaxes the timing constraint for arbitration with matching schemes, such as CRRD and CMSD. In the new approach, arbitration may operate in a pipelined manner. Each sub-scheduler is allowed to take more than one time slot for its matching. Every time slot, one of them provides a matching result(s). The sub-scheduler can use a matching scheme such as CRRD and CMSD.

Abstract: An arrangement for multicasting digital data to a user accessing an Internet connection is disclosed. The arrangement entails placing streaming digital data content that is to be multicast in IP protocol to generate streaming IP digital data. The streaming IP digital data is uplinked from a transmission site to a satellite and downlinked to one or more remote Internet gateways via a communications path that is substantially separate from the Internet backbone. A plurality of separate satellite receiver systems, which may be located at separate remote Internet gateways, are adapted to receive IP streaming content via downlink carrier from the satellite and provide the streaming IP content to an Internet gateway without providing substantial TCP confirmation of delivery. At a remote Internet gateway, the streaming IP digital data content is multicast for delivery as a one-way data stream to at least one receiving Internet user's apparatus connected to but distant from the remote Internet gateway.

Abstract: In a switch structure for circuit switching, part of the space switch functionality of a time-space (TS) switch core is broken out and arranged in groups of switch adapter boards, and the TS-switch core itself is divided into a matrix of smaller and independent TS-modules that are associated with the switch adapter boards. Each group of switch adapter boards is co-operating with a predetermined row of TS-modules in the matrix for input of data to the TS-modules in that row, and with a predetermined column of TS-modules in the matrix for output of data from the TS-modules of that column. In this way, it is possible to implement the switch structure into a number of subracks with a reasonable number of interconnections between different subracks, thus obtaining a truly modular TS-switch structure.

Abstract: A time slot assignment circuit capable of performing channel setting with a high efficiency and with a high degree of freedom of channel setting with respect to a large volume of transmission data and in addition having a small circuit scale and low power consumption, provided a time switch provided with a transmission data memory into which transmission data is sequentially written and performing switching in a time domain with respect to the transmission data, a space switch for performing switching in a space domain with respect to an output thereof, an address control memory which outputs a channel setting address for controlling the two switches, and a channel setting information converting unit for converting a channel setting information from the outside to a channel setting address and an accessing address for the memory.

Abstract: A T-S-T 3-staged structure switching network control system in a digital switching system which avoids an entire switching system malfunction even a failure occurred in a space switch module, and guarantees a connection within a time switch module is realized for providing the switching system capable of improving its reliability. In each time switch module including a first stage time switch and a third stage time switch with their control processor, a selecting circuit is provided in front of an input of the third time switch for selectively connecting a junctor highway which is connected to an output of a second stage space switch in a space switch module or a highway which is connected to an input of the first stage time switch to the input of said third time switch. The control processor in each time switch module controls the selecting circuit to connect the highway to the input of the third stage time switch in the case that the space switch module is a faulty condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and arrangement to control an established wideband connection through a switching unit regarding frame integrity of the time slots. The invention is suitable to be used in a switching unit of TST-structure. A first counter, related to respective input selector stage, counts incoming data frames. This first counter cycles through a predetermined number of states, where one state is a control-state. Each time slot belonging to the wideband connection to be tested is given a control mark during one of the control-states. A second counter, related to respective output selector stage, counts outgoing data frames. The second counter cycles through the same number of states as the first counter. Marked time slots are detectable by respective output selector stage. The state of the second counter and the output channel number of the control marked time slot is stored as a marked time slot is detected.

Abstract: An expandable network constructed from a plurality of identical network fabric cards which uses a plurality of selected row address bits to route connection paths between adjacent columns of interconnecting switches and a software algorithm for implementing a network of any whole number power of 2 rows or ports by assigning numbers of the network switches and attached nodes are described.

Abstract: Sequence integrity and frame integrity are preserved in switching wideband connections through a switch or a switch stage. The speech memory in a switch stage in the switch is extended to include storage positions that in number correspond to the number of time slots in two frames. These storage positions are arranged into two parts of the same size in the speech memory. Furthermore, there is provided a delay control unit in the time switch stage for generating delay information based on control information in the control memory of the switch stage and a determined part of the counter information from a time slot counter circuit. This delay information controls, for each time slot, to/from (depending on if the speech memory is arranged in an outgoing stage or an incoming stage) which one of the first and second parts of the speech memory that user data is switched.