Abstract: Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks are presented. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks may be configured to support stateless multicast in multi-domain packet distribution networks. Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in communication networks may be configured to support stateless multicast in multi-domain packet distribution networks which may be based on Internet Protocol (IP). Various example embodiments for supporting stateless multicast in a multi-domain packet distribution network may be configured to support multicast of packets based on use of internal multicast packets for multicast communication of the multicast packets within sub-domains of the multi-domain packet distribution network and use of external multicast packets for unicast communication of the multicast packets across or between sub-domains of the multi-domain packet distribution network.

Abstract: A network device may define a container LSP that includes multiple member LSPs. Each of the multiple member LSPs defines a path from the network device through a network of a plurality of network devices. The network device may receive traffic that includes multiple packet flows. The network device may identify a first set of packet flows that are intolerant to packet reordering. The network device may identify a second set of packet flows that are tolerant to packet reordering. The network device may distribute each of the first set of packet flows to a corresponding one of the multiple member LSPs. The network device may process the second set of packet flows to determine a distribution sequence for the second set of packet flows. The network device may distribute the second set of packet flows among the multiple member LSPs based on the distribution sequence.

Abstract: A processing application stored on a processing server receives a request to join an application server from a client device. The processing application identifies a targeted application server from a set of application servers, a private internet protocol (IP) address for the targeted application server, and a port number associated with the targeted application server. The processing application generates a token based at least in part on the private IP address for the targeted application server. The processing application maps the private IP address to a virtual IP (VIP) address. The processing application transmits the VIP address, the private IP address, the port number, and the token to the client device.

Abstract: A two-wire interface (300) for connecting a first device (106) and a second device (108). The two-wire interface (300) is operable in a handshaking mode and a data transfer mode. In the handshaking mode the first wire (302) of the interface (300) is driven by the first device (106) and the second wire (304) of the interface (300) is driven by the second device (108) so that the first (106) and second (108) devices can perform a handshaking sequence. In the data transfer mode one of the first wire (302) and the second wire (304) is driven by one of the first (106) and second (108) devices to provide a clock signal, and the other wire is driven by either the first device (106) or the second device (108) depending which device is transmitting data. Accordingly, the two-wire interfaces (300) are operable in two modes (e.g. handshaking mode and data transfer mode) and one of the wires (302, 304) of the interface (300) may be driven by a different device in the two modes.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for performing domain name system (DNS) support on public resolvers. For instance, an electronic device may send a query to a local DNS resolver. The electronic device may then receive an answer from the local DNS resolver that includes a pattern. Using the answer, the electronic device may generate a DNS packet that includes at least the answer and a query for a first Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a first IP version, such as IPv6. The electronic device may then send the DNS packet to a public DNS resolver. Using the DNS packet, the public DNS resolver may generate a synthesized IP address associated with the first IP version. For example, the public DNS resolver may identify a second IP address associated with a second IP version, such as IPv4, and generate the synthesized IP address using the second IP address and the answer.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for processing a packet for a pipeline of a hardware switch. The pipeline, in some embodiments, includes several different stages that match against packet header fields and modify packet header fields. The method receives a packet that includes a set of packet headers. The method then populates, for each packet header in the set of packet headers, (i) a first set of registers with packet header field values of the packet header that are used in the pipeline, and (ii) a second set of registers with packet header field values of the packet header that are not used in the pipeline.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing impairment compensation in point-to-multi-point communication systems are described. In a data snapshot mode, a hub node can send instructions to each communication node connected to the hub node to send a data snapshot of data being received and processed by the communication nodes at a particular time. In a trench line mode, a hub node sends instructions to each communication node to send trench line data back to the hub node. The hub node uses the data snapshot or trench line data to determine how to tune filter coefficients in the hub node to perform impairment compensation and improve performance of the communication system.

Abstract: This present disclosure describes path probe methods and devices. The methods comprise receiving a first path probe packet; establishing a first association according to link information in the first path probe packet and a path label of a network path to be probed; determining a third association based on an IP address in the first path probe packet and the path label of the network path to be probed. The IP address includes an IP address of an adjacent network node of the first network node, and a third association includes an association of the path label with the IP address of the adjacent node. The path probe method may reduce system overhead. In the transmission process, the number of network nodes may also be set according to needs. An IP overlay network based on label switching is realized.

Abstract: Techniques for using global virtual network instance (VNI) labels in a multi-domain network to route network data with a multi-tenant network overlay are described herein. A routing device provisioned in a network domain of the multi-domain network may register with a service discovery system of the network domain for use of network configuration data to establish routes through the multi-domain network with network nodes. Each network domain of the multi-domain network may include an application programming interface (API) server for processing API requests to make changes to configurations of a network domain. A border gateway protocol (BGP) large community may be utilized to encode global VNI labels, network addresses, local next hop nodes, and/or additional network information and sent to routing devices provisioned in separate network domains. A service chain may be signaled by global VNI labels to route network traffic through various services prior to reaching a destination endpoint.

Abstract: A content sending method includes: a server obtains video media content and additional information content, indicates a calling terminal to complete resource reservation for transmitting the video media content and the additional information content, transmits the video media content to a first port set of the calling terminal, and transmits the additional information content to a second port set of the calling terminal. In this way, two types of content streams are transmitted to the calling terminal by using channels of the two port sets, and a function of providing an additional service in a process of playing a video ring back tone is implemented.

Abstract: A method includes: pre-processing initial data of an acquired to-be-analyzed confrontation scenario, to obtain triplet data marked in a graph data structure, inputting the triplet data into a pre-trained analyzing model, to determine a result of analysis on semantic information of the to-be-analyzed confrontation scenario; wherein the analyzing model includes a plurality of operator networks that are provided with execution priorities, wherein the plurality of operator networks are configured for analyzing relations of different types; and the processing result of any one of the operator networks includes: in the relation type corresponding to the operator network, respective true relations of all of the node pairs, and confidences and descriptive values of the true relations; and according to the graph data structure that is updated by using the processing results of all of the operator networks, characterizing the result of analysis on the semantic information of the to-be-analyzed confrontation scenario.

Abstract: At an authentication server, a request for at least a first dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) option is received from a client device, and it is determined if the authentication server implements DHCP. Based at least in part on a determination that the authentication server does not implement a DHCP, the operations further include transmitting an application program interface (API) call to a DHCP server associated with the authentication server acting as a DHCP gateway, receiving a response from the DHCP server, and transmitting the response to the client device.

Abstract: A base station and a method for use by the base station are disclosed. The method includes transmitting, over an interface, to a controlling node a request for wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) information, and receiving, over the interface, the WTRU information including WTRU capabilities information in response to the request, wherein the WTRU capabilities information indicates time intervals associated with numerations for shared channel allocation usage by the WTRU. A control node is also disclosed where the control note includes a processor and interface for receiving, over the interface, from a base station a request for WTRU information, and transmitting, over the interface, the WTRU information including WTRU capabilities information in response to the request, wherein the WTRU capabilities information indicates time intervals associated with numerations for shared channel allocation usage by the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods for micro-loop avoidance include detecting a remote link failure in a network and identifying an associated Point of Local Repair (PLR); determining destinations in the network that are impacted due to the remote link failure; and installing of a temporary tunnel to the PLR. The steps can further include sending traffic destined for nodes impacted by the remote link failure via the temporary tunnel to the PLR. The temporary tunnel can be implemented by a node Segment Identifier (SID) for the PLR.

Abstract: Embodiments of a fax system with adaptive protocol selection, and methods for such a system, are disclosed herein. Embodiments of a fax system may be adapted to selectively configure the protocol (both the type of protocol or aspects of a particular protocol) used in association with the transmission or reception of a specific fax. The configuration of the protocol utilized can be based on one or more attributes associated with a sender or a destination. The fax can then be transmitted or received according to those configuration parameters.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a set of conforming data frames in a specialized data network, the method comprising providing, from a data source, at least one specialized header frame to a data destination by way of the specialized data network, generating, at the data source, a set of conforming data frames, and providing at least a subset of the conforming data frames to the data destination by way of the specialized data network.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods concerning routing of data in a network disclosed. In an example embodiment, an apparatus includes a network interface circuit connected to a network via a plurality of network paths. A circuit arrangement is connected to the network interface circuit and is configured to provide the one or more services for endpoints in the network by 1) communicating data with the endpoints via the network interface, 2) estimating respective qualities of service provided to the endpoints by each of the plurality of network paths, 3) selecting a subset of the plurality of network paths for routing data from the endpoints to the apparatus, and 4) prompting one or more nodes in the network to route data to the apparatus using the selected subset of the plurality of network paths. Paths may be selected for example, to address one or more quality metrics, security/compliance, and/or balance server load.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a computer implemented method comprises providing multiple channels between a first storage node and a second storage node with each channel having a separate network connection for packets of a transport layer session, assigning packets from each channel to a group of receive queues of the second storage node, continuously monitoring whether two or more channels of the multiple channels share a same receive queue of the second storage node, and sending a communication via a channel to the first storage node to indicate a dynamic change in a hash input field (e.g., a source port, a destination port, a source internet protocol (IP) address, and a destination IP address) when two or more channels of the multiple channels share a same receive queue of the second storage node.

Abstract: A vehicle hybrid communication system includes a vehicle communication device and a field communication device. The vehicle communication device includes a vehicle controller and multiple vehicle communication interfaces. The field communication device includes a field controller and multiple field communication interfaces. The vehicle communication device and the field communication device communicate via multiple communication channels established by the vehicle communication interfaces and the field communication interfaces. The vehicle controller respectively defines a bandwidth level and a speed level based on a real-time bandwidth and a real-time connection speed of each of the communication channels. The vehicle controller then creates a score based on the bandwidth level and the speed level of each of the communication channels. The vehicle controller then sets one of the communication channels with the best score as a main communication channel to transfer data to the field communication device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed to aggregate traffic from multiple server devices through a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) hosting device. In one embodiment, the PCI hosting device comprises a network interface to couple the PCI hosting device to a network, a plurality of PCI interfaces, a processing circuit to forward packets, and a power supply to supply power to the PCI interfaces independently from the plurality of server devices. Each of the PCI interfaces is designed to be coupled to one server device to the PCI hosting device, which is registered as a first PCI board of a first server device through a first PCI interface and as a second PCI board of a second server device through a second PCI interface, and the PCI hosting device is designed to forward packets between the network interface and the first server device, and the network interface and the second server device.

Abstract: A computerized method for increasing throughput of encapsulated data over a network is described. First, a determination, at a first network device, of a number of available processing resources located at a second network device is conducted. Thereafter, a plurality of connections are generated between the first network device and the second device. The plurality of connections corresponding in number to the number of available processing resources. Data received by the first network device is associated with a first connection of the plurality of tunneling connections. Thereafter, translation data unique to a tunneling session associated with the first connection is generated and the received data is encapsulated with the translation data to generate the encapsulated data for transmission to the second network device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is disclosed. The method includes receiving from a remote device a search query, generating a plurality of different category-directed result sets for the search query, determining an order for the plurality of category-directed result sets based on the search query, and transmitting the plurality of category-directed result sets to the remote device, in a manner that the result sets are to be displayed in the remote device in the determined order.

Abstract: A system and a method are for routing data packets from or to at least one electronic control unit, referred to as outgoing packets or incoming packets respectively. The at least one electronic control unit is connected to a communications system via a first interface. The communications system is connected via a second interface to a modem suitable for transferring the outgoing packets and the incoming packets to or respectively from at least one telecommunications network through a plurality of access points. Each access point is secured or unsecured. The outgoing and incoming packets are processed according to the type of access point by which the packets are transferred to or from the at least one telecommunications network.

Abstract: A packet transmission method is disclosed herein. The packet transmission method includes the following operations. The first packet is transmitted to a first proxy server terminal by a first user terminal. A header of received first packet is changed to generate a first header, and the first packet with the first header is transmitted to a gateway terminal by the first proxy server terminal. The first header of the received first packet is changed to generate a second header, and the first packet with the second header is transmitted to a server terminal by the gateway terminal. The header of the first packet includes a source address field and a destination address field.

Abstract: Elastic message tracking apparatus and methods are provided that opportunistically improve on the latency of a message processing system and increase the accuracy of a consolidated message stream generated from message streams received from multiple message sources. The elastic message tracking apparatus and methods reduce that latency in situations where the actual latency of all the message streams is lower than a predetermined latency value.

Abstract: A multicast data packet processing method performed by an intermediate node of a multicast tree includes: receiving a first Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) packet including a first label; obtaining, according to the first label, a second label corresponding to a multicast tree including the intermediate node; and obtaining a second BIER packet according to the second label and the first BIER packet, and sending the second BIER packet which includes the second label.

Abstract: An information handling system may include a processor, a device communicatively coupled to a processor via a communications link including a cable assembly, and a management controller communicatively coupled to the processor and communicatively coupled to the device and the cable assembly via a sideband interface, and configured to: retrieve, via the sideband interface, self-describing signal integrity critical parameters from non-transitory computer-readable media integral to the device; retrieve, via the sideband interface, self-describing signal integrity critical parameters from non-transitory computer-readable media integral to the cable assembly; combine the self-describing signal integrity critical parameters from non-transitory computer-readable media integral to the device and the self-describing signal integrity critical parameters from non-transitory computer-readable media integral to the cable assembly into aggregate signal integrity critical parameters; and perform an action relevant to the co

Abstract: Multiple data paths may be available to a data management system for transferring data between a primary storage device and a secondary storage device. The data management system may be able to gain operational advantages by performing load balancing across the multiple data paths. The system may use application layer characteristics of the data for transferring from a primary storage to a backup storage during data backup operation, and correspondingly from a secondary or backup storage system to a primary storage system during restoration.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine a set of resource candidates in a sidelink communication system based at least in part on a set of resource assignments for a group of other UEs in the sidelink communication system. The UE may transmit a first part of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) transmission. The UE may transmit a second part of the PSCCH transmission related to the first part of the PSCCH transmission to indicate a resource candidate, of the set of resource candidates, for a transmission associated with medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) of a particular packet. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A networking system may include a switch coupled to a computing resource. A resource management system may control the computing resource. A controller may be coupled to the switch. The controller may include a resource management interface that is coupled to the resource management system via a communications link. The resource management interface may receive computing resource information for the computing resource via the communications link. The controller may provide control data to the switch to update a cloud network for the computing resource based on the received computing resource information.

Abstract: A transceiver is designed to share memory and processing power amongst a plurality of transmitter and/or receiver latency paths, in a communications transceiver that carries or supports multiple applications. For example, the transmitter and/or receiver latency paths of the transceiver can share an interleaver/deinterleaver memory. This allocation can be done based on the data rate, latency, BER, impulse noise protection requirements of the application, data or information being transported over each latency path, or in general any parameter associated with the communications system.

Abstract: Unlike smart devices, Internet of things (IoTs), such as meter readers, generate very low revenue per user. Traditional tunnel/bearer based connection-oriented architectures do not scale economically for billions of IoT devices due to the amount of signaling overhead associated with GTP tunnel setup/tear down and the states related to GTP tunnels maintained at various parts of the mobile network. However, the mobility network can efficiently support massive stationary and/or mobile IoTs by reducing the amount of signaling overhead, the state of the IoTs kept in network, and simplifying the data plane when possible.

Abstract: A stitching label sending method, receiving method, and a device, the sending method including receiving, by a controller, first label range information sent by an intermediate device, where the first label range information indicates a first label range in a plurality of label ranges of the intermediate device, selecting, by the controller, a label from the first label range as a stitching label, and sending, by the controller, to the intermediate device, the stitching label and a first label stack corresponding to the stitching label, where the first label stack indicates a first label switched path starting from the intermediate device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for providing a user equipment (UE) device that is associated with a private network service (PrNS) and communicatively attached a public WiFi network in a remote market being serviced by a different headend than the UE device's home network with public or private network services.

Abstract: Various implementations disclosed herein include systems, methods and apparatuses of a first device, that obtain contact point information of a second device associated with the first device, as a peer device in a private network, where the contact point information of the second device includes one or more peer uplink identifiers and each respective peer uplink identifier corresponds to a respective peer device uplink of the second device. The systems, methods and apparatuses establish a first private network data tunnel from a first uplink of the first device to the second device, using the contact point information of the second device, and a first uplink identifier associated with the first uplink, and establish a second private network data tunnel from a second uplink of the first device to the second device, using the contact point information of the second device, and a second uplink identifier associated with the second uplink.

Abstract: A wireless infrastructure that communicates with a DHCP server and a wireless client that rotates its MAC address performs a method including: upon receiving, from the wireless client, a first request with a first MAC address, creating a session context including the first MAC address and a stable identifier, and relaying the first request to the DHCP server; relaying, from the DHCP server to the wireless client, a first DHCP reply that includes an Internet Protocol (IP) address bound to the stable identifier; upon receiving, from the wireless client, a second request with the IP address and a second MAC address, merging the second MAC address and the IP address into the session context, and relaying, to the DHCP server, the second request including the stable identifier; and relaying, from the DHCP server to the wireless client, a second DHCP reply including the IP address bound to the stable identifier.

Abstract: A method for coordinating distributed network address translation (NAT) in a network within which several logical networks are implemented. The logical networks include several tenant logical networks and at least one service logical network that include service virtual machines (VMs) that are accessed by VMs of the tenant logical networks. The method defines a group of replacement IP address and port number pairs. Each pair is used to uniquely identify a VM across all tenant logical networks. The method sends to at least one host that is hosting a VM of a particular tenant logical network, a set of replacement IP address and port number pairs. Each replacement IP address and port number pair can be used by the host to replace a source IP address and a source port number in a packet that is destined from the particular VM to a VM of the particular service logical network.

Abstract: An example method of identifying a touch gesture on a user is provided. The method includes receiving, by one or more transducers of a wearable device, a set of signals that establish a signal pathway to the wearable device. The method also includes, while receiving the set of signals, determining baseline characteristics for the signal pathway, and sensing a change in the baseline characteristics caused by user interaction with an affordance of a user interface projected or perceived on the user's appendage. The method further includes, in accordance with a determination that the sensed change in the baseline characteristics satisfies a contact criterion, reporting a candidate touch event on the user's appendage to a separate electronic device that creates the user interface or is in communication with another electronic device that creates the user interface.

Abstract: A system for time synchronization of a network element including a GNSS receiver operative to receive at least one signal from at least one but less than four GNSS satellites, a locator operative to supply a location of a network element including the GNSS receiver to the GNSS receiver and a time synchronization calculator operative to time synchronize the network element with the GNSS satellites based on the at least one signal and the location.

Abstract: Embodiments for handling multidestination traffic in a network are described. The multidestination traffic includes packets that are in transit to a multihomed destination in the network. Upon determining the destination is multihomed, a network switch determines a hash value from a selection of header values in the network traffic and uses the hash value to determine if the network switch is a designated forwarder for the multihomed destination. The network switch handles the network traffic according a designated forwarder status.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods, systems, and computer program products for routing mode support in a switched fabric network. A fabric login payload is built at a device to establish a plurality of communication parameters with a switched fabric network. A routing mode capability of the device is determined. One or more routing support bits are configured in the fabric login payload based on the routing mode capability of the device. The fabric login payload is sent to the switched fabric network to establish communication between the device and a network device of the switched fabric network.

Abstract: Examples include determining a first hop for a preferred route from a networking device to a destination device, calculating a cumulative cost for the preferred route based on a cost of the first hop and an original cost of the preferred route, determining whether a secondary route is available, and, in response to a determination that the secondary route is available, determining a first hop in the secondary route. Examples also include determining a cost of the first hop in the secondary route, determining a new route from the networking device to the destination computing device based on the cumulative cost of the preferred route and the cost of the first hop in the secondary route, and entering the new route into a forwarding data structure of the networking device.

Abstract: This application discloses a network access method and apparatus, and a network device. The network access method is performed by an access gateway, includes: receiving a PPPoE message or a IPoE message sent by a user terminal, obtaining access information included in the PPPoE message or the IPoE message; encapsulating the access information into an NAS message or an EAP message; then, sending the NAS message or the EAP message to a control plane function entity CP; receiving network interface information sent by the CP; and sending the network interface information to the user terminal, so that the user terminal accesses a network. As can be learned from this solution, the user terminal is not limited by a protocol stack when accessing the network. Therefore, full services can be provided by deploying only one core network. This not only saves a resource but also facilitates network maintenance.

Abstract: A digital multichannel interface for a first unit of a radio distribution system, the digital multichannel interface comprising a first uplink interface and a first downlink interface. The first uplink interface is configured to receive uplink transmit frames from a second unit of the radio distribution system, the uplink transmit frames including frame timing information, the radio distribution system including a plurality of remote units communicatively coupled to at least one of the first unit or the second unit. The first downlink interface is configured to: generate a plurality of reformatted wideband downlink I/Q data streams based on the frame timing information extracted from the uplink transmit frames received from the second unit; generate downlink transmit frames including the plurality of reformatted wideband downlink I/Q data streams; and provide the downlink transmit frames to the second unit.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media can be operable to facilitate an identification of a viewer based upon the proximity of an associated wireless device to an access point. An association between a wireless device, user, display device, and a position of the wireless device relative to an access point may be created and stored at the access point. The access point may monitor the position of the wireless device, wherein the position is based on the strength of a signal received from the wireless device at one or more receivers. When the access point determines that a position of the wireless device is associated with a display device, the access point may identify the user of the wireless device as a potential viewer of the display device. Targeted advertisements and set-top box functionality may be configured based on the identification of a viewer of the display device.

Abstract: Systems and methods include, in a cloud node, receiving Mobile Device Management (MDM) data from a central authority, wherein the MDM data includes policy metadata specifying MDM functions for mobile devices associated with users of an enterprise; communicating to an application on a mobile device associated with a user, via a tunnel, wherein the application is configured for service discovery and connectivity; and providing the MDM data to the mobile device associated with the user via the tunnel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for providing customized message content to be displayed to a user of an email client, responsive to the user selecting, via a plug-in or agent of the email client, to report an email as a potential phishing email. In examples, the user may be an employee of an organization and the systems and methods may facilitate a determination by the plug-in or agent of the email client that the reported email is one that does not pose a security risk, such as a simulated phishing email sent by the organization itself, or an email sent from a trusted partner of the organization. The systems and methods may facilitate a customization of the message content that is displayed to the user. In examples, the customized message content may be included or specified within one or more SMTP extension headers of an SMTP email.

Abstract: An Ethernet transceiver is disclosed. The Ethernet transceiver includes transmit circuitry having a forward error correction (FEC) encoder to encode data into FEC frames. A modulator modulates the FEC frames into symbols. A precoder equalizes the symbols and a transmitter transmits the equalized symbols over a reduced number of channels NS with respect to a baseline number of channels N0. For a reduced data rate BS with respect to a baseline data rate B0, the FEC frames are assembled by the FEC encoder to exhibit an expanded frame time FTS that is expanded from a baseline frame time FT0 by a factor of B0/BS. The modulator generates symbols that are transmitted by the transmit circuit at a symbol rate SRS that is reduced from a baseline symbol rate SR0 by a factor of (B0*NS)/(BS*N0).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for managing mobility of users in a network of moving things. At an access point of a plurality of access points in the network of moving things, a wireless connection may be established using a radio frequency (RF) interface of the first access point, configured for communication of first end-user data by a first end-user device. Quality of communication with the first end-user device may then be assessed, based on at least one quality related parameter, and when the quality of communication fails to meet a particular quality criterion based on the at least one quality related parameter, quality of communication of the end-user device with each of one or more other access points may be evaluated, a particular other access point may be selected, and a request to handle communication of the first end-user data may be transmitted to the selected access point.

Abstract: Information for use in a command script for a product dispensing system is compiled by sniffing packets associated with a print job that contains information associated with a product to be dispensed, filtering the packets so as to remove fields not associated with the print job, and combining the filtered packets to generate contiguous data associated with the print job. A command script for a product dispensing system is generated by receiving data associated with a print job that contains information associated with a product to be dispensed, extracting the information associated with the product from the print job data, organizing the information associated with the product into discrete informational units, and generating the command script based on the organized discrete information units.