Abstract: A method for communication includes establishing communication links over a packet network between a server and plurality of client computers that are to participate in a video teleconference. The server receives from the client computers uplink audio packets and uplink video packets, which respectively contain audio and video data captured by each of the client computers. The server mixes the audio data from the uplink audio packets so as to create respective streams of mixed audio data for transmission to the client computers and transmits to the client computers downlink audio packets containing the respective streams of mixed audio data. The server relays the video data to the client computers in downlink video packets. The client computers receive and synchronize the video data with the mixed audio data.

Abstract: A method of communicating count value information in an Optical Transport Network (OTN) signal frame. The method comprises determining a count value indicating a number of payload bytes to be sent in a next OTN signal frame; determining that a change in the count value (?) with respect to a current count value is within a predetermined range; selecting an inversion pattern indicating the change in the count value; determining a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code associated with the inversion pattern; and, inserting the inversion pattern and the CRC code in a Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP) overhead of the OTN signal frame.

Abstract: The aggregation of packets in a network controller is described. A packet, destined to a station, is received at a network device having a plurality of processors. The packet is queued into a selected queue of a plurality of queues based at least on an identifier of the station and a category associated with the packet. The packet is aggregated with other packets in a selected queue to create an aggregated packet if the selected queue has reached a predetermined size, and the aggregated packet is transmitted to the destination station.

Abstract: A method and device for service time division multiplexing as well as a method and a device for transmitting service are disclosed. The method for service time division multiplexing includes: selecting a part or all of radio frames in one time unit as specific radio frames; and selecting a part or all of subframes in the specific radio frames as specific subframes for sending a specific service. The specific service is a multimedia broadcast multicast service, or a unicast service, or one or more than one kind of services transmitted in broadcast or multicast mode.

Abstract: A method includes generating a first coded data stream and a second coded data stream both representing the same content, the first coded data stream and the second coded data stream being independently decodable from each other, transmitting portions of the first coded data stream in first and second time-sliced bursts, and transmitting a portion of the second coded data stream in a third time-sliced burst, where the transmission of the portions of the first and second coded data streams do not overlap with each other, and occur subsequently to each other in transmission order and substantially without delay between transmission of data.

Abstract: A method for Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding in a transmitter, the method comprising: receiving a data stream from a data source; generating a first Forward Error Correction data for respective data block with a first block size of the data stream; and generating a second Forward Error Correction data for respective data block with a second block size of the data stream, wherein the second block size is different with the first block size and wherein the data blocks of the first block size form the data stream, and the data blocks with the second block size form the data stream.

Abstract: A fragmentation repetition detection apparatus (410) for detecting an IP fragmentation repetition which may occur in a multicast or unicast environment is provided. The fragmentation repetition detection apparatus (410) includes a packet capturing unit (411) which captures a received packet, a fragmentation repetition detector which detects whether or not the captured packet is a packet which is repetitively fragmented, and a path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) transmitter (414) which transmits PMTU information acquired by the fragmentation repetition detector (412) to a server which transmits the packet when the captured packet is a packet which is repetitively fragmented. Since a packet is transmitted by readjusting a PMTU, a fragmentation of an IP packet can be prevented.

Abstract: A data forwarding method, a system and relevant devices are provided. The data forwarding method includes: obtaining, by a forwarding device, a packet; matching the packet with a preset stream forwarding table if the packet is not a long-session stream identifier packet, forwarding the packet according to a table entry if the table entry is matched, and sending the packet to a packet processing engine for processing if no table entry is matched; and maintaining the stream forwarding table according to the long-session stream identifier packet if the packet is a long-session stream identifier packet. A data forwarding system and relevant devices are also provided.

Abstract: In a memory system, multiple memory modules communicate over a bus. Each memory module may include a hub and at least one memory storage unit. The hub receives local data from the memory storage units, and downstream data from one or more other memory modules. The hub assembles data to be sent over the bus within a data block structure, which is divided into multiple lanes. An indication is made of where, within the data block structure, a breakpoint will occur in the data being placed on the bus by a first source (e.g., the local or downstream data). Based on the indication, data from a second source (e.g., the downstream or local data) is placed in the remainder of the data block, thus reducing gaps on the bus. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for processing information in a wireless system including a host device, the host device including a wireless network processor, the method including receiving by the wireless network processor, at least one out-of-order frame. The wireless network processor may place data of the received at least one out-of-order frame in a memory, and may manage information relating to one or more holes resulting from the at least one out-of-order frame in a TCP receive window. The wireless network processor may set a programmable limit with respect to a number of holes allowed in the TCP receive window. The memory may include a local memory outside of the host device and/or a host memory within the host device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transmitting data in an automation system with cyclic data transmission, wherein data are divided into fragments and the fragments are transmitted together with a fragment information item to the opposite side. In this case, a fragment is transmitted until the opposite side sends back a corresponding confirmation in the fragment information item.

Abstract: High-speed serial data transceiver circuitry on a programmable logic device (“PLD”) includes some channels that are able to operate at data rates up to a first, relatively low maximum data rate, and other channels that are able to operate at data rates up to a second, relatively high maximum data rate. The relatively low-speed channels are served by relatively low-speed phase locked loop (“PLL”) circuitry, and have other circuit components that are typically needed for handling data that is transmitted at relatively low data rates. The relatively high-speed channels are served by relatively high-speed PLLs, and have other circuit components that are typically needed for handling data that is transmitted at relatively high data rates.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing data across a network including a plurality of trunked port lines, including modifying an existing field within one layer of a data packet on the basis of information found within another layer of the data packet and restricting the process of trunking distribution to only consider the modified layer. In an exemplary embodiment, a method and a system for improving packet data distribution across a communication network environment is provided that changes a field within the Layer 2 (L2) section of the packet on the basis of fields within the Layer 3 (L3) section of the packet. This may involve changing the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address on the basis of the destination IP address and limiting the trunk distribution determination to the L2 section of the packet data.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of communicating with a host apparatus includes a symbol generation unit, a coding unit, and a transmission unit. The symbol generation unit includes a random number generation circuit and generates a symbol according to a random number generated by the random number generation circuit. The coding unit performs 8b/10b coding for the symbol. The transmission unit transmits the symbol coded by the 8b/10b coding unit to the host apparatus.

Abstract: A technique for performing layer 2 processing is described. In a method implementation of this technique, at least one first RLC SDU is created from one or more first RLC PDUs. It is assumed here that the first RLC SDU belongs to an incomplete RLC SDU set that is to comprise at least one second RLC SDU, and that the second RLC SDU is to be created from at least one second RLC PDU not yet available. In a next step, a first PDCP function is applied to the first RLC SDU to create a data packet. The RLC function is only performed after the second RLC PDU has become available (or after an RLC time-out). Then, after the RLC function has been performed, the data packet is released to a second PDCP function.

Abstract: A hybrid routing and forwarding solution for a mobile wireless sensor network is provided. This invention allows each node of the wireless sensor network to move in random directions in a three dimensional space. The invention seeks to minimize resource consumption while optimizing routing and forwarding in a wireless sensor network.

Abstract: Conventional packet network nodes react to congestion in the packet network by dropping packets in a manner which is perceived by users to be indiscriminate. In embodiments of the present invention, indiscriminate packet discards are prevented by causing packets to be discarded according to bandwidth allocations that intelligently track flow sending rates. Flows are allocated bandwidth based on policy information. Where such policy information indicates that the flow should be treated as delay-sensitive, the present invention includes means to allocate an initial minimum rate that will be guaranteed and such flows will also have the use of an additional capacity that varies depending on the number of such flows that currently share an available pool of capacity. This provides a congestion alleviation method which is less annoying to users since communications that have been in existence for longer are less susceptible to component packets being deleted.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate processing service data units (SDU) in-order during communication handover in wireless networks. In particular, for mobile devices using re-transmission schemes, SDUs can be processed in-order by indicating to a target base station an index of a last SDU received in-order before handing off communication to the target base station. Additionally, SDUs received subsequent to one or more non-acknowledged SDUs can be forwarded to the target base station. Utilizing this information, the target base station can determine one or more SDUs the mobile device is preparing to re-transmit and can wait for this SDU before processing subsequently received SDUs. Also, a timer can be utilized to end a waiting period for the SDU.

Abstract: A signal transmission method is provided, wherein, when a transmitter transmits a signal to a receiver, a transmitter processor multiplexes a plurality of data for a plurality of connections to be transmitted to one specific receiver, and constitutes a multiplexed medium access control (MAC) packet data unit (PDU) containing a MAC header part for receiving the multiplexed data, and a MAC PDU payload containing the multiplexed data, and the transmitter transmits the multiplexed MAC PDU to the specific receiver. The MAC header part includes a first header part containing a generic MAC header, and a second header part containing an extended header indicator serving as a 1-bit indicator for indicating the existence of an extended header (EH) for each flow ID for each of the plurality of connections. The MAC header part further includes a third header part which selectively contains the extended header for each flow ID in accordance with the extended header indicators for each flow ID.

Abstract: A content provision system provides a content reproduction apparatus with content including main information which is at least either of video information and audio information generated by a content generation apparatus. The content generation apparatus generates a bodily sensation element by applying numeric conversion to characteristics of a bodily sensation given to a user, generates instruction information to reproduce the bodily sensation element in synchronism with reproduction of the main information, generates bodily sensation information by adding the instruction information to the bodily sensation element, and generates content including the bodily sensation information by adding the bodily sensation information to the main information.

Abstract: A network device includes a first interface that receives multicast packets and a control module that determines that N of the multicast packets have a common multicast address. The network device also includes a packet aggregation module that uses the N of the multicast packets to form aggregate data. The network device also includes a packet format module that adds a header to the aggregate data to form a unicast packet. The network device also includes a second interface that transmits the unicast packet. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: A communication apparatus and method for transmitting a group frame, and a user terminal and method for receiving a group frame are provided. The communication apparatus may transmit a group frame to each of a plurality of user terminals. The group frame may be generated by grouping, in a physical layer, frames that are respectively transmitted to the plurality of user terminals.

Abstract: A communications system (100) includes a packet switching network (130) configured to transfer a stream of information packets from a source (110) to a destination (120). The communications system (100) also includes at least one loss concealment processor (140) configured to perform packet loss concealment on the stream of information packets as the stream passes through an intermediate point within the packet switching network (130).

Abstract: A plurality of cells are combined into a macro cell. In a macro header of the macro cell a full numbering information of a first cell of the plurality of cells is stored. For further cells of the plurality of cells other than the first cell, a deviation information indicating a deviation of a numbering information of the respective further cell from the full numbering information of the first cell or one of the further cells is stored. In some embodiments, additionally the headers of the individual cells are incorporated in the macro header.

Abstract: A method of generating modulation signals is disclosed including generally three steps. A plurality of modulation signals are generated, each of which is to be transmitted from a different one of a plurality of antennas in an identical frequency band, wherein each modulation signal includes a pilot symbol sequence including a plurality of pilot symbols used for demodulation. Each of the pilot symbol sequences is inserted at the same temporal point in each modulation signal, wherein the pilot symbol sequences are orthogonal to each other with zero mutual correlation among the plurality of modulation signals, each pilot symbol having a non-zero amplitude, the quantity of the plurality of pilot symbols in each sequence being greater than the quantity of the plurality of modulation signals to be transmitted. The plurality of modulation signals each including different transmission data and one of the pilot symbol sequences are output to the antennas.

Abstract: Implementations include a method, systems, and computer program products for adaptively configuring codecs to transmit encoded data to better utilize available bandwidth of reachable networks. One implementation is a method of transmitting encoded data from a host to a target. The method includes, selecting a communication network reachable by the host, estimating an available bandwidth from the host to the target via the selected communication network, configuring a codec from a plurality of codecs implemented in the host according to the estimated available bandwidth, encoding data using the configured codec, and transmitting the encoded data to the target.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and arrangements that enable continuous adaptive control of the number of autonomous HARQ retransmissions. This is achieved by a solution, where the UE and the radio base station are using a number of autonomous HARQ retransmissions that can be adjusted based on observations in the UE and/or the radio base station. What is observed is the amount of HARQ retransmissions needed for the radio base station to correctly decode the latest received data packet(s).

Abstract: A system and method for aggregating and fragmenting packets is described. Data packets containing voice data and other data that suffer significantly in quality when delayed may be aggregated together and fragmented. The aggregation and fragmentation permits networks to push these time-sensitive packets more easily through a network based on priority given to fragmented data.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosures describes a method that includes receiving multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets, each of the multiple ingress Internet Protocol packets having an Internet Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol segment having a Transmission Control Protocol header and a Transmission Control Protocol payload, where the multiple packets belonging to a same Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol flow. The method also includes preparing an Internet Protocol packet having a single Internet Protocol header and a single Transmission Control Protocol segment having a single Transmission Control Protocol header and a single payload formed by a combination of the Transmission Control Protocol segment payloads of the multiple Internet Protocol packets. The method further includes generating a signal that causes receive processing of the Internet Protocol packet.

Abstract: In a first control mode employed when a wired communication line is used as the backhaul, a wireless access point operates as follows. (1) The access point processes its own control packets for management by itself. (2) The access point communicates packets in which an information item for processing in a controller or a control server is added to user traffic from a client connected to the access point. (3) The access point conducts proxy processing for a control packet for management of a second wireless access point connected to the wireless communication side of the access point. (4) The access point compresses a control packet for management sent from a system controller to the second wireless access point to thereby achieve a frame conversion and then sends the packet to the wireless communication side. This resultantly reduces the traffic on the backhaul wireless communication line.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for transmitting a frame sequence number and a node B and a serving radio network controller, which method comprises: a node B receiving a protocol data unit from a carrier and de-multiplexing the protocol data unit into media access control data streams; the node B inserting a carrier symbol into a carrier indicator field of an enhanced-dedicated transport channel data frame and generating a frame sequence number for every the enhanced-dedicated transport channel data frame transmitted on the carrier; and the node B transmitting the media access control data streams to a serving radio network controller SRNC by using the enhanced-dedicated transport channel data frame. By virtue of the present invention it achieves that the SRNC is capable of obtaining the information regarding network layer data transmission in dual-carrier situation so as to detect the loss of data frames.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for performing a multi-protocol data transfer. A first protocol that guarantees reliability and in-order delivery of data packets is utilized to transmit control information for a data transfer. Once the control information has been transmitted and received at the destination, a second protocol is utilized to transfer the actual data. The second protocol does not guarantee data reliability or in-order delivery. If any data packets are not delivered to the destination using the second protocol, either the first protocol, the second protocol, or a combination can be utilized to retransmit the missing packets.

Abstract: A communication device includes a control signal generating unit to generate a control signal for each of a plurality of second frames, and a mapping unit to map a payload signal of the plurality of second frames in a payload area of a first frame, and map at least some of the control signals generated by the control signal generating unit in a control signal area of the first frame.

Abstract: In a communication system in which computer 20 transmits an HTTP request to WWW server 70 via broadband router apparatus 30 and the Internet 50, and WWW server 70 transmits an HTTP response to computer 20 according to the received HTTP request, broadband router apparatus 30 establishes an IP phone session and a TCP connection with HTTP proxy server 620 upon receiving the HTTP request from computer 20, and transmits the received HTTP request to WWW server 70 via HTTP proxy server 620.

Abstract: A communication method in a mobile communication system that transmits different data to which transmission sequence numbers have been attached, over each of a plurality of paths from a mobile station to a radio network controller via a plurality of base stations; where the radio network controller monitors the communication state of each path, determines to transmit the data over all of a plurality of paths, transmit the data over two or more specified paths, or transmit the data over only one specified path, based on the communication state of each path, and notifies the mobile station of the determined path/paths; and where the mobile station transmits different data to which different transmission sequence numbers have been attached, over said notified path/paths, and the radio network controller rearranges the data received from each path by reference to the transmission sequence numbers and transmits the rearranged data to a core network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to route packets in a network are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a packet in a packet aggregator, accessing a forwarding table to determine a router within a router array to which the packet is to be forwarded, transmitting the packet to the determined router via a first interface of the packet aggregator, identifying a second interface within the router to which the packet is to be forwarded, forwarding the packet from the router via the second interface to a virtual interface within the packet aggregator, and statically forwarding the packet from the packet aggregator to a destination based on the virtual interface that received the packet.

Abstract: Wireless video transmissions over a MAC layer employ various techniques to improve throughput which may negatively impact latency, such as Block-ACK and data aggregation. To improve latency while continuing to improve throughput, data packets are fenced according to application layer specifications and then transmitted. For video data, Block-ACK sequences and aggregation sequences are terminated at the end of video frames or video slices. For data aggregation, a physical layer data packet concludes at the end of a video frame or slice. The application layer can indicate to the MAC layer when such packet fencing is to occur. In use with 802.11n transmission a data flag may be used by the MAC layer to facilitate fencing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cache processing method, a storing and forwarding method and apparatus of hybrid service flows. The cache processing method comprises: configuring at least one port cache area for each input port receiving the hybrid service flows, and configuring at least one type cache area for each service type of the hybrid service flows; storing control information of each data packet into the port cache area of the corresponding port according to a source port of the data packet; and indentifying the service type of the data packet from the control information of the data packet, and storing the acquired control information of the data packet into the type cache area of the corresponding service type according to the service type of the data packet. The present invention allows each type of data packets from each port to have an independent processing procedure.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to multi-user resource allocation capable of significantly reducing MAC header overhead and scheduling delay for small payload applications, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and interactive gaming and to increase the capacity of such applications. In various implementations, multi-user resource allocation may be used in mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems designed to operate in accordance with the Institute for Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) standards such as the 802.16e-2005 standard and/or the evolving IEEE 802.16m standard as well as Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) standards.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a link margin are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a second device, a link margin frame including information about the link margin related to a communication link between a first device and the second device; and performing at least one operation selected from among a change in transmission power, a change in a modulation and coding scheme (MCS), beam forming, and a change of the communication link to another frequency band, based on the received link margin frame.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for transmitting a packetized video stream over a network comprising receiving a frame of a video stream having a plurality of partitions of varying sizes, the plurality of partitions having an ordered sequence, identifying one or more of the plurality of partitions having a size that is less than a predetermined maximum, and allocating the identified one or more of the plurality of partitions into a plurality of packets in a manner that: (a) results in each packet having a size that is less than the predetermined maximum; (b) minimizes a cost value that is based at least in part on the difference between the size of the smallest packet and the size of the largest packet; and (c) maintains the allocated partitions in the ordered sequence. After allocation, the packets are transmitted over the network.

Abstract: An aggregated physical layer (PHY) data unit for transmission of independent data for a plurality of stations via a communication channel is generated, wherein the aggregated PHY data unit includes i) a plurality of individual PHY data units corresponding to the plurality of stations and ii) information that indicates locations of at least some of the plurality of individual PHY data units within the aggregated PHY data unit. Beamforming is controlled while the aggregated PHY data unit is being transmitted. Transmission in an omnidirectional or quasi-omnidirectional manner is performed while the information that indicates locations of at least some of the plurality of individual PHY data units is transmitting. For each of the individual PHY data units, beamforming to the corresponding station is performed while at least some of the corresponding individual PHY data unit is being transmitted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for indicating a temporary block flow (TBF) to which a piggybacked acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (PAN) field is addressed. A PAN check sequence (PCS) is created, for example using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encoding. The PCS is masked with a temporary flow identity (TFI) assigned to a TBF or a mask generated based on the TFI. A data block including the PAN field and the masked PCS is then processed for transmission. The mask may be generated by converting the TFI using an (M, N) code, M being not greater than the number of bits of the PCS and N being the number of bits of the TFI. With this scheme, a TFI may be transmitted in a PAN field without using explicit bits to identify the TBF.

Abstract: A method and circuit for implementing end-to-end credit management for enhanced large packet reassembly in an interconnect system, and a design structure on which the subject circuit resides are provided. A transport layer provides buffering and credit control for a super packet received from a source device. A source transport layer sends an End-to-End (ETE) credit request message to a destination transport layer for an outstanding super packet transmission to a destination device. The destination transport layer grants credit to allow at least one source to send a super packet to the destination. The source transport layer fragments the super packet into multiple packets and sends all packets of the super packet only responsive to the credit request being granted by the destination transport layer that is needed to send all packets of the super packet.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving part receiving a packet from a communication line; an arithmetic processing part configured to stop an operation in an energy conservation mode, a filter part configured to allow a response required packet to pass through the filter part; a packet retaining part retaining the packet passing over the filter part; and a power source administrating part activating the arithmetic processing part by supplying electric power when the packet is received by the receiving part, wherein if the packet retaining part retains an incomplete packet at a time of activating the arithmetic processing part, the arithmetic processing part generates a packet information piece associating the incomplete packet and a corresponding complete packet as a list and stores the packet information piece to a list storing part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for optimized transmission of data between a control device and a plurality of field devices that are connected to one another via an IP-based communications network, wherein the data transmission is controlled using a Profinet protocol. The invention further relates to a control and data transmission installation (10) that is particularly suited to the performance of the method. With the control and data transmission installation (10), it is possible to transmit the data to be transmitted from a control device (20) to a group of field devices (30, 40, 50) in a single sum frame subdivided into data fields, and to transmit the data to be transmitted from a plurality of field devices to a control device likewise in only one common sum frame subdivided into data fields. In this manner, the transmission rate can be optimized with respect to standard Profinet frames.

Abstract: A plurality of individual physical layer (PHY) data units having independent data for a plurality of stations are generated. The plurality of individual PHY data units includes a first individual PHY data unit corresponding to a first station, a second individual PHY data unit corresponding to a second station, and a third individual PHY data unit corresponding to a third station. The second individual PHY data unit includes a first midamble of an aggregated PHY data unit, and the third individual PHY data unit includes a second midamble of the aggregated PHY data unit. The aggregated PHY data unit is generated to include the plurality of individual PHY data units, wherein the first midamble includes information that indicates a location within the aggregated PHY data unit of the third individual PHY data unit.

Abstract: Systems are provided for sequencing, delivery acknowledgement, and throttling of data packets over a network layer, such as UDP and SMS. To support devices with limited battery resources, the invention incorporates asymmetric retry logic and/or acknowledgements with overlapping ranges, to minimize the transmissions required for the device. The sender of a data-bearing frame does not need to wait for a frame to be acknowledged before sending the next, such that many frames can be “in flight” at once.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for measuring packet data unit (PDU) loss in a L2 virtual private network (L2VPN) service, such as a VPLS instance. In one example of the techniques, provider edge (PE) routers that participate in the L2VPN measure known unicast and multicast PDU traffic at the service endpoints for the instance to determine unicast PDU loss within the service provider network. As the routers learn the outbound service (i.e., core-facing) interfaces and outbound local (i.e., customer-facing) interfaces for L2 addresses of customer devices that issue packets to the VPLS instance, the routers establish respective unicast transmit and receipt counters for the service endpoints that serve the customer devices. In another example, PE routers that participate in the L2VPN measure multicast PDU traffic at the service endpoints for the instance and account for internal replication by intermediate service nodes to determine multicast PDU loss within the service.

Abstract: When using a multi-receiver aggregation protocol in a wireless communications network, a sub-header may be used to identify groups of data units that share common parameters, such as destination addresses, acknowledgement modes, modulation/coding rates, lengths, etc. The layout of this sub-header may permit each receiving device to identify the portion of the aggregated payload that is addressed to that receiving device, where that portion is located, how long that portion is, and how to demodulate it. In addition, by controlling the selection and timing of various acknowledgement modes used by the mobile stations, a base station may improve overall network efficiency and throughput.