Abstract: A track circuit apparatus for a train, the track circuit apparatus includes: a ground-based transmitter that is installed corresponding to each of a plurality of block sections divided from a track circuit formed by rails, digitally modulates transmission data by a carrier frequency predetermined and common for each of the block sections, assigns different pseudo random noise (PN) codes to adjacent block sections, and modulates and transmits the data; and a ground-based receiver or an on-train receiver that demodulates received data corresponding to a block section based on the carrier frequency of one of reception signals received from the block section and the PN code assigned to the block section.

Abstract: Each transmitter (4) included in a first transmitter group (40A) transmits, on a first electric wire (2A), a current signal representing a change in current in accordance with a transmission bit sequence. Each transmitter (4) included in a second transmitter group (40B) transmits, on a second electric wire (2B) that is connected in parallel with the first electric wire, a current signal representing a change in current in accordance with a transmission bit sequence. A current detection unit (6A) outputs an electric signal representing a change in a difference current between a first current (IA) flowing through the first electric wire (2A) and a second current (IB) flowing through the second electric wire (2B). A receiver (5A) identifies and receives a reception bit sequence corresponding to the transmission bit sequence of each transmitter (4) included in the first and second transmitter groups, by processing the first electric signal.

Abstract: A communication device and a communication method capable of suppressing an increase of bits used for a request to send a reference signal and flexibly setting a resource used for sending a reference signal. In a base station (100), a transmission processing unit (104) transmits, in one of a plurality of formats, control information containing a request to send a sounding reference signal (A-SRS), and a reception processing unit (108) receives the transmitted A-SRS using the resource specified by the format of the transmitted control information. Then, the plurality of formats is associated with each different SRS resource by a setting unit (101).

Abstract: An approach is provided for correlation of a signal over time and frequency. The signal is correlated with a bit sequence over time instances and certain frequency offsets, wherein sub-segments of the signal are correlated with sub-segments of the bit sequence to generate a correlation factor associated with each signal sub-segment. The correlation factors are coherently combined to generate a final correlation factor, wherein a respective phase shift (for each frequency offset) is applied to each correlation factor to generate a set of frequency adjusted correlation factors, and the frequency adjusted correlation factors of a respective set are combined to generate the final correlation factor over the signal sub-segments, resulting in the matrix of final correlation factors over time and frequency. A signal parameter estimation is performed, based on the matrix of final correlation factors, to determine a highest correlation value for the signal over the frequency offsets.

Abstract: A data transmitting device transmits section information, a data broadcasting content, and a broadcasting content in a multiplexed manner. The data transmitting device includes a specified-information embedding unit that embeds information related to a specified image into the section information; a multiplexing unit that multiplexes the section information embedded with the specified information by the specified-information embedding unit, the data broadcasting content, and the broadcasting content; and a transmitting unit that transmits data multiplexed by the multiplexing unit to a data receiving device.

Abstract: A baseband processing module of a base station includes a Turbo decoding module. The Turbo decoding module decodes a Turbo code word to produce one or more Media Access Control (MAC) packet(s) carried by the turbo decode word. Each MAC packet includes a MAC packet header and the MAC packet payload, which carries one or more Radio Link Control (RLC) Packet Data Units (PDUs). The Turbo decoding module decodes the MAC packet header to determine boundaries of the PDUs carried in the MAC packet payload. The Turbo decoding module decodes RLC PDU headers and RLC PDU payloads of the RLC PDUs. The Turbo decoding module writes the decoded MAC packet header, the decoded RLC PDU headers, and the decoded RLC PDU payloads to memory in a word-aligned format. The Turbo decoding module may also operate in various other Turbo decoding modes.

Abstract: A method for estimating a scrambling code used on an uplink of a WCDMA system. The scrambling code is obtained from a Gold code, sum of a first specific M-sequence of the user and of a second M-sequence known from the receiver. After sampling of the signal received at the chip frequency of the scrambling code, the successive samples are subject to a differential treatment and the sequence of differential values is multiplied by the second M-sequence. The observables thereby obtained are decoded with the aid of a belief propagation iterative decoding. The decoded values then serve to determine the content of the shift register of the generator of the first M-sequence. One then deduces therefrom the Gold code and an estimation of the scrambling code, ?.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for interference cancellation in a wireless communication system. In particular, the disclosed methods and apparatus provide for interference cancellation in a wireless device, including extending linear interference cancellation techniques, such as quasi-linear interference cancellation (QLIC), in the wireless device to a first orthogonal set, which may be a first quasi orthogonal function (QOF) set for a cdma2000 system to cancel interference from that set upon another desired QOF set. QLIC may also be extended to cancellation of signals from non-intended base stations as well. Accordingly, the present methods and apparatus afford reduced interference through QLIC by canceling signals due to either undesired QOF sets or non-intended base stations, which in turn results in an increase in forward link capacity.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate reducing rank (e.g., of a user device) as a number of transmissions there from increases. Such rank step-down can improve interference resistance and facilitate maintaining code rate despite transmission propagation. Additionally, rank step-down information can be encoded along with CQI information to generate a 5-bit CQI signal that can facilitate updating a user's rank upon each CQI transmission (e.g., approximately every 5 ms). The described systems and/or methods can be employed in a single code word (SCW) wireless communication environment with a hybrid automatic request (HARQ) protocol.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a system for duplex communications. Uplink and downlink frequencies are allocated in an orthogonal manner such that at one time instant a certain carrier frequency is used for uplink (downlink) transmission and at some other time instant for downlink (uplink) transmission. Correspondingly, at said one time instant a second carrier frequency is used for downlink (uplink) transmission and at said some other time instant optionally for uplink (downlink) transmission.

Abstract: A method and device for acquiring channel information are disclosed in the present invention, to solve a technical problem in the related art that the channel information cannot be fed back flexibly according to requirements. The method includes: for one subband, User Equipment (UE) acquires Rank Indicator (RI) information of a current channel, in which the RI information indicates a rank (?) of the current channel, and ? is a positive integral number not greater than 8; the user equipment determines the quantity of the Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) information required to be fed back to a base station according to ?, and transmits the PMI information in said quantity and the RI information to the base station; the base station acquires the channel information of said subband according to the PMI information in said quantity and said RI information.

Abstract: An intermediate symbol buffer (ISB) configuration and method is provided such that the ISB memory comprises 15 portions, one for each HSDPA spreading code. Symbols associated with a spreading code are written to the memory portion associated with the same spreading code. When a covariance calculation is performed to obtain a more accurate channel estimate, only the symbols associated with spreading codes determined to be needed for the covariance calculation are written to the ISB by a buffer block and red from the ISB by a correlation core. The symbols associated with spreading codes that are not necessary for a covariance calculation may be masked from being written or read from the ISB. In some embodiments each memory portion is an individual memory block. In other embodiments a plurality of memory blocks may contain a plurality of memory portions, one memory partition designated, at least temporarily, for each spreading code.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a transmitting unit in a wireless communication system. The transmitting unit is configured to transmit over multiple antennas pointing in different directions. Each antenna provides a beam partially overlapping with at least one other antenna. The method for the transmitting unit comprises switching in time between transmitting (910) in a unicast mode over each of said at least two antennas, and transmitting (920) in a broadcast mode concurrently over all of the at least two antennas using a space time code.

Abstract: A user equipment terminal for transmitting an uplink control channel to a base station according to a single carrier scheme includes a reception determining unit configured to determine reception of data, which are transmitted from the base station according to scheduling, and generate a reception determination result as first control information; and a control information multiplexing unit configured to assign the first control information to a first radio resource positioned at an end of a system band and assign second control information, which is transmitted with a radio resource dedicated to the user equipment terminal, to a predetermined position in a second radio resource adjacent to the first radio resource, to multiplex the first control information and the second control information into the uplink control channel. The present invention also relates to a base station and an uplink control channel configuration method.

Abstract: Techniques for recovering a desired transmission in the presence of interfering transmissions are described. For successive equalization and cancellation (SEC), equalization is performed on a received signal to obtain an equalized signal for a first set of code channels. The first set may include all code channels for one sector, a subset of all code channels for one sector, multiple code channels for multiple sectors, etc. Data detection is then performed on the equalized signal to obtain a detected signal for the first set of code channels. A signal for the first set of code channels is reconstructed based on the detected signal. The reconstructed signal for the first set of code channels is then canceled from the received signal. Equalization, data detection, reconstruction, and cancellation are performed for at least one additional set of code channels in similar manner.

Abstract: A method for transmitting information of resources for use in transmission of ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is disclosed. An example method for receiving ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is also disclosed. When resources for transmission of data and resources for transmission of control information of the data are scheduled through virtual unit resources, the method identifies information of resources for receiving an ACK/NACK signal for transmission data mapped to information of at least one of a virtual unit resource allocated to the transmission data and a virtual unit resource allocated to control information of the transmission data, and receives the ACK/NACK signal for the transmission data through the information of resources for receiving the ACK/NACK signal.

Abstract: Methods are provided for mitigating interference due to pilot contamination in a cellular network in which there is reuse of pilot signals. In embodiments, forward-link signals are precoded, using knowledge of slow-fading coefficients, to mitigate the interference. In embodiments, interference in reverse-link signals destined for a given base station is mitigated by linearly combining reverse-link signals destined for the given base station and for other base stations of the network, using knowledge of slow-fading coefficients.

Abstract: Systems and methods for decreasing the amount of information sent on a feedback channel are disclosed. Spectral binning and/or a Markov state model may be used to reduce the amount of information sent on the feedback channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding a constant amplitude that is applied to a code division multiplexing communication system are provided. By dividing a data bit into a block unit, the receiving side can easily determine an error, and by reducing power consumption in outdoor wide area communication using a bit string of a small length in a basic unit of an input frame, efficiency can be improved, and thus a physical layer of a ubiquitous sensor network can be optimized.

Abstract: Implementations include a method, systems, and computer program products for adaptively configuring codecs to transmit encoded data to better utilize available bandwidth of reachable networks. One implementation is a method of transmitting encoded data from a host to a target. The method includes, selecting a communication network reachable by the host, estimating an available bandwidth from the host to the target via the selected communication network, configuring a codec from a plurality of codecs implemented in the host according to the estimated available bandwidth, encoding data using the configured codec, and transmitting the encoded data to the target.

Abstract: Coding gains can be achieved by encoding binary data directly to multi-dimensional codewords, which circumvents QAM symbol mapping employed by conventional CDMA encoding techniques. Further, multiple access can be achieved by assigning different codebooks to different multiplexed layers. Moreover, sparse codewords can be used to reduce baseband processing complexity on the receiver-side of the network, as sparse codewords can be detected within multiplexed codewords in accordance with message passing algorithms (MPAs).

Abstract: A method for detecting a channel in a mixed-mode communications system is presented. The channel contains a primary synchronization pattern in a predetermined location within the channel. The primary synchronization pattern is compared against different predetermined channel synchronization patterns to detect a channel. Upon detection of the channel, a look-back channel detector confirms the existence of the channel by using the location of the primary synchronization pattern. Detection and confirmation of the channel may be employed simultaneously to each channel of a multiple-channel direct mode of operation signal. Audio holes may be eliminated in a 2:1 TDMA direct mode operation where both time slots contain signals from two different originating communication devices and the signals have different priority.

Abstract: Systems and techniques relating to wireless communications are described. A described technique includes receiving information that is indicative of a wireless communication signal transmitted by a wireless communication device, the wireless communication signal having been generated based on a spreading sequence and a known preamble; determining, based on the received information and the known preamble, an estimation of a first frequency offset using two or more locations for encoding elements associated with the spreading sequence; determining, based on the received information, the known preamble, and the first frequency offset, an estimation of a second frequency offset using two or more locations for symbols associated with the known preamble, the second frequency offset being different from the first frequency offset; and processing the received information based on a combination of the first frequency offset and the second frequency offset.

Abstract: A wireless communication system can include at least two base stations coupled with a network, the two base stations transmitting pilot signals that are used to make a soft handoff decision for a communication device based on base station related information received from the communication device, the base station related information being assembled within the communication device by continuously tracking selected base station pilot signals received by the communication device, the selected base station pilot signals sometimes including one or more pilot signals that are not assigned to rake fingers associated with a receiver coupled with the communication device, and at least one of the base stations delivering soft handoff information to the communication device after the soft handoff decision has been made by the network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and arrangements in a wireless communication system that enable the use of multi-codeword transmission and ACK/NACK compression with low performance loss. It also enables the use of advanced receivers of reasonable complexity. This is achieved by a solution based on the even distribution of the symbols of separately coded blocks of information bits over the available physical resources before transmission. Each physical resource will thus carry a mixture of symbols from all blocks of information bits, which results in a more similar channel quality for the blocks of information bits. A compressed ACK/NACK message corresponding to the blocks of information bits will thus be more accurate and the performance loss due to the ACK/NACK compression can be reduced.

Abstract: A receiver for receiving a layer-modulated signal includes: a base layer decoding unit configured to calculate a bit metric including code bit information of a base layer based on the reception signal and decode an information bit of the base layer; and at least one enhancement layer decoding unit configured to decode an information bit of an upper layer of a lower layer based on the decoding results of the lower layer, wherein the base layer decoding unit and the at least one enhancement layer decoding unit are sequentially connected according to the order of the corresponding layers.

Abstract: The disclosed method of processing a digital broadcast signal comprises generating one RS frame or two RS frames according to the RS frame mode, forming the data group including the mobile service data and signaling data, forming and outputting a plurality of data packets including the mobile service data in the data group, wherein the 118 data packets and K data packets are outputted for the data group, the K being scalable between 0 and 38, interleaving the mobile service data included in the plurality of data packets, wherein the data group includes a scalable data region including data included in the K data packets, wherein the scalable data region carries data included in the first RS frame when the RS frame mode is the single frame mode, or carries data included in the third RS frame when the RS frame mode is the dual frame mode.

Abstract: A method for link adaptation at a base station using metric feedback is disclosed. The method can include the steps of communicating with a mobile station over a communication link having one or more sub-channels and during the communication, receiving from the mobile station information relating to one or more mutual information per coded bit metrics for one or more candidate modulation types. The mutual information per coded bit metrics can be based on channel state knowledge of the sub-channels. Also, based on the received information, the operational performance of the mobile station can be predicted in view of one or more transmission parameters and performance factors and one or more of the transmission parameters can be selected based on a transmission condition of the communication link.

Abstract: A coding method, apparatus, and medium with software encoded thereon to implement a coding method. The coding method includes encoding the position of non-zero-valued coefficients in an ordered series of quantized transform coefficients of a block of image data, including encoding events using variable length coding using a plurality of variable length code mappings that each maps events to codewords, the position encoding including switching between the code mappings based on the context. The coding method further includes encoding amplitudes of the non-zero-valued coefficients using variable dimensional amplitude coding in the reverse order of the original ordering of the series.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided that may reduce the number of false accepts by reducing the instances in which a mobile terminal mistakenly determines that control channel information is intended for the mobile terminal. The method, apparatus and computer program product may determine whether control channel information appears to be directed to a respective mobile terminal, determine whether one or more filler bits have respective predefined values and thereafter identify the information to not be intended for the respective mobile terminal in an instance in which the filler bits fail to have the predefined values. In an instance in which the control channel information provides an uplink grant, the method, apparatus and computer program product may cause data to be transmitted via an uplink established per the uplink grant only if the filler bits have the predefined values.

Abstract: Techniques for periodically resetting the polar cap for a differential codebook precoding scheme for wireless communications are described. An apparatus may comprise a fixed device for a mobile broadband communications system utilizing an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access technique, the fixed device having a precoding module operative to generate a precoding matrix using a received first codeword of a first base codebook, subsequently reconstruct the precoding matrix using a received polar-cap codeword of a polar-cap codebook, and periodically reset the precoding matrix to clear accumulated error at the fixed device using a received second codeword of a second base codebook. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An interference canceller comprises a composite interference vector (CIV) generator configured to produce a CIV by combining soft and/or hard estimates of interference, an interference-cancelling operator configured for generating a soft projection operator, and a soft-projection canceller configured for performing a soft projection of the received baseband signal to output an interference-cancelled signal. Weights used in the soft-projection operator are selected to maximize a post-processing SINR.

Abstract: In a communication system wherein a CDMA segment at each access point consists of multiple sub-segments a three frame transmission time interval (TTI) with eight retransmissions is utilized for data transmission. The access point not only specifies the interlaces to be utilized for data transmission it also assigns packet start interlaces for particular access terminals. An auxiliary pilot channel R-AuxPICH is transmitted by an access terminal along with CDMA data on reverse link. The ratio of R-AuxPICH to R-PICH is varied based on ACK/NACK feedback. A reverse link activity bit (RAB) which can be used as an emergency load-control mechanism for non-QoS flows is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for wirelessly transmitting data using a plurality of transmission layers includes estimating a number of vector symbols to be allocated to transmission of user data codewords during a subframe and determining a number of bits in a plurality of user data codewords to be transmitted during the subframe. The method also includes calculating a number of control vector symbols to allocate to control information based at least in part on the estimated number of vector symbols and the determined number of bits. Additionally, the method includes mapping control codewords to the calculated number of control vector symbols and transmitting vector symbols carrying the user data codewords and the control codewords over the plurality of transmission layers during the subframe.

Abstract: In a closed-loop wireless communication system, a codebook-based feedback mechanism is provided where each codeword indicates a particular profile to be used to provide a target performance measure (e.g., bit error rate or spectral efficiency) for the transmission channel. This may be accomplished by using a multi-stage quantization process to construct the codewords as a plurality of transmission parameters specifying a MIMO transmission scheme, precoding vector or matrix, power allocation in space/time/frequency, modulation and channel code.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for enhancing security of communications. The apparatus comprises a security processing unit, a data processing unit, a cross-layer watermarking unit, and optionally a smart antenna processor. The security processing unit generates a token/key to be used in watermarking and sends a node security policy to other components. The data processing unit generates user data. The cross-layer watermarking unit includes at least one of Layer-2/3, Layer-1 and Layer-0. Each layer performs a different scheme or degree of watermarking. The cross-layer watermarking unit embeds the token/key into the user data transmission on at least one of the layers selectively in accordance with a security policy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus facilitating transmit diversity for control information communications is provided. The method may comprise processing received content, generating control information in response to the processed content, allocating two or more resources associated with two or more transmit antennas for transmitting the control information using a transmit diversity scheme, and determining cyclic shifts by applying a predetermined cyclic shift delta parameter.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relate to apparatuses and methods for resource management in a multi-carrier system wherein a plurality of component carriers (CCs) is defined per cell. According to a method in an apparatus corresponding to a radio base station, a message is assembled comprising information on the structure of the cell served by the radio base station; the information including one or more CCs used in the cell that is/are available for a user equipment for performing initial access in the cell. The method also comprises, transmitting the assembled message to the user equipment and indicating to the user equipment to what resources to use for random access in the cell. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention also relates to a method in the user equipment, to a radio base station and to a user equipment.

Abstract: A code-division multiplexing (CDM) system utilized in multi-channel (MC) front-end integrated circuits to significantly reduce the power consumption of such systems. The CDM system extends data compression advantages to uncorrelated and weakly correlated MC signals through the introduction of a new Multi-Channel Signal Binning and Multiplexing (MCSBM) method and architecture. The method achieves significant reductions in power consumption in comparison to a conventional time-division multiplexing quantizer, while adding only a modest amount of overhead and complexity. Systems and methods permit architects to fabricate MC integrated circuits with ultra low power consumption and small chip area. Another embodiment relates to the system's compressor organizing samples of the input signal in such a way that the downstream analog-to-digital converter quantizes the higher variance samples with a higher resolution compared to the resolution it uses to quantize other samples with lower variance.

Abstract: A control information channel signal formation unit has a channel encoding section and a spreading section. The channel encoding section multiplexes a plurality of types of control information for a single communication terminal for use in uplink packet transmission, using different symbol patterns between a plurality of types of control information. The spreading section spreads symbols obtained by the channel encoding section using one spreading code.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for setting Reverse Link CQI Reporting Modes in an access terminal is provided, comprising determining a value for CQIReportingMode received as a parameter in a transmitted message and setting the reverse link CQI reporting mode of the access terminal based on CQIReportingMode value. The CQIReportingMode value is indicative of a reporting mode selected from a plurality of reporting modes.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed for in-band signaling, i.e., transmission of data in a voice channel of a digital wireless network during a voice call session. A family of narrow-band signaling methods, some employing tapered waveforms, is disclosed to successfully pass data-carrying signals through the low-bit rate modes of the EVRC-B vocoder commonly used in CDMA wireless channels. These features can be used in cell phones or other wireless communication devices, including automotive applications.

Abstract: A recursive method for constructing uniquely decodable codes for overloaded synchronous CDMA systems, where large signature codes with growing overloading factors are reconstructed from the small ones. A class of uniquely decodable signature matrices (or encoders) for overloaded synchronous CDMA are also devised. A decoder for synchronous CDMA systems to extract the user data by a number of comparisons with respect to some predefined thresholds.

Abstract: Block spreading generating partial orthogonality is applied for the uplink control channel for E-UTRA. For instance, a problem of maximizing the multiplexing capacity leads to numerology causing odd-length sequences which do not have the favorable property of even-length sequences (partial orthogonality). The consequence of this is poor performance in cases of high Doppler effects. Maximal multiplexing capacity is taught without loss of performance at high Doppler by modifying an earlier scheduling request scheme. The earlier SR multiplexing scheme has a number of parallel SR resources per slot equal to 12*7=84. In one example, the spreading factor of block spreading is changed to an even number, e.g., from 7 to 6. This enables usage of the partial orthogonality properties of CAZAC sequences and as a result inter-code interference in the case of high Doppler is reduced. Other ways to generate partial orthogonality are shown with similar results.

Abstract: Methods and communication systems are presented, in which an interleaver depth is adjusted.

Abstract: A method for transmitting information of resources for use in transmission of ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is disclosed. An example method for receiving ACK/NACK signals in a mobile communication system is also disclosed. When resources for transmission of data and resources for transmission of control information of the data are scheduled through virtual unit resources, the method identifies information of resources for receiving an ACK/NACK signal for transmission data mapped to information of at least one of a virtual unit resource allocated to the transmission data and a virtual unit resource allocated to control information of the transmission data, and receives the ACK/NACK signal for the transmission data through the information of resources for receiving the ACK/NACK signal.

Abstract: A TD-SCDMA receiver is provided that includes a joint detection (JD) block receiving a first input signal from a channel estimation block for signal detection. A short channel detection (SCD) block receives the first input signal and detecting the presence/absence of an AGWN-like channel based on the first input signal from the channel estimation block. The SCD block switches the JD block between 1× and 2× oversampling rates by sending to the JD block a second input signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a signal resource determination method, and the method includes that: carrying a dedicated demodulation data reference signal in a Resource Element (RE) on an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, wherein the OFDM symbol is in a non-control channel area of a Resource Block (RB) and carries a non-common reference signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for indicating a temporary block flow (TBF) to which a piggybacked acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (PAN) field is addressed. A method and apparatus of performing receive processing to reduce the probability of false acceptance of erroneous PANs are also disclosed. A transmit station generates a PAN check sequence (PCS) and performs a channel coding on a PAN field and the PCS. The transmit station scrambles the encoded bits of the PAN field and the PCS with a TBF-specific scrambling code. Because of the scrambling, the PCS decoding at a receive station will pass if the data block is received by an intended receive station, while the PCS decoding will fail if received by a non-intended receive station. Alternatively, the scrambling may be performed before the channel coding. Alternatively, the transmit station may combine the PAN field and a temporary flow identity (TFI) to generate a PCS.

Abstract: Methods of transmitting a control signal using efficient multiplexing are disclosed. One of the method includes the steps of multiplexing a plurality of 1-bit control signals within a prescribed time-frequency domain by code division multiple access (CDMA) and transmitting the multiplexed control signals, wherein a plurality of the 1-bit control signals include a plurality of the 1-bit control signals for a specific transmitting side. Accordingly, reliability on 1-bit control signal transmission can be enhanced.