Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (10) for measuring a temperature of the core of a body for elevated ambient temperatures, comprising a heat stream sensor (14) having a surface adapted to be positioned in contact with a surface S of the body for detecting a body's inwards heat stream, said sensor being thermally insulated on all its other surfaces from the surroundings, a cooling element (15) for cooling the heat stream sensor, a heat buffer (13) being thermally insulated from surroundings and being arranged in a heat conducting communication with the cooling element, a control unit (19) for switching on the cooling element for compensating the body's inwards heat stream and a temperature sensor (20) for measuring the temperature of the body surface.

Abstract: A method (and system) of predicting a thermal state of a transient thermal system, includes combining sensor outputs and thermal parameters to construct a consistent set of estimates of internal temperature of a transient thermal system.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for determining the temperature inside an item to be cooked (12). The invention comprises at least one temperature sensor (20) for detecting at least one surface temperature of the item to be cooked (12) and/or an ambient temperature around the item to be cooked, particularly at a measuring location inside the cooking chamber surrounding the item to be cooked, preferably with an ambient temperature sensor which is arranged at said measuring location. Furthermore, the device comprises at least one distance sensor (22) for detecting one or multiple distances between the distance sensor (22) and one or multiple distance measuring points (36) on the surface of the item to be cooked (12).

Abstract: Provided is a man-clothing-environment (MCE) simulator quantitatively measuring properties of clothes to transfer heat and moisture between human skin and an external environment. The MCE simulator includes a hot chamber providing a high-temperature environment, a cold chamber providing a low-temperature environment, a skin model selectively coupled to the hot chamber or the cold chamber while being vertically erect, a water supplier supplying water to a hot plate included in the skin model, and a controller controlling the hot chamber, the cold chamber and the skin model, and processing data on temperature and humidity measured by sensors. The skin model includes the hot plate receiving heat and water while being vertically erect and simulating human skin, a ring-shaped frame coupled to a side of the hot plate and supporting a fabric to be separated from the side of the hot plate, and the sensors measuring temperature and humidity inside and outside the fabric.

Abstract: A method, a laboratory device and the use of both are provided for simulating the dynamic temperature behavior of at least one part of a process plant, particularly an industrial reactor. The method provides a temperature profile and/or temperature setpoints at given time intervals for controlling the laboratory device. The temperature profile and/or temperature setpoints are derived from a mathematical model that describes the dynamic temperature behavior of at least one part of the process plant. The temperature profile and/or the temperature setpoints are used by a program for controlling the laboratory device.

Abstract: A method for non-intrusive determination of an internal temperature of a given area of an electrical machine stator, comprises obtaining a temperature gradient between an internal wall of the stator and an external wall of the stator, obtaining temperature measurements at locations on the external wall of the stator, and using the temperature gradient and the external temperature measurements to extrapolate corresponding internal temperatures of the stator.

Abstract: A thermal sensor (20) located in the centre of a food simulant composition (24) linked to a remote measuring indicating and/or regulating device (28). The temperature of the food simulant changes in the same way as food stored in its vicinity and is unaffected by the movement of the ambient air which varies in temperature dramatically. This allows an actual reading and recording of stored food temperature and the regulation of the temperature within a refrigerated space by a thermostat (16). Its uses are mainly for frozen, chilled and refrigerated food, and the reading of temperature of food cooked for example in micro-wave ovens.

Abstract: A temperature determining device is composed of a temperature detecting unit that detects a temperature of a determination object member based on an intensity of infrared rays from the object member, a unit for determining a temperature for correction that determines a temperature of an opposing member opposed to the object member or a temperature of a member whose temperature changes in correlation to a change in the temperature of the opposing member, and a calculating unit that corrects the detected temperature obtained by the temperature detecting unit using the temperature as the temperature for correction obtained by the unit for determining a temperature for correction. Thus, stable temperature determination can be performed accurately without being influenced by infrared rays from around a determination object member.

Abstract: A heat-conducting element having known length D is disposed at a first end in a first region having a first temperature T1 to be inferred. The second end of the element is disposed in a second region having a measureable second temperature T2 different from the first temperature. The element is well-insulated between the first and second regions. Heat flows along the element from the higher temperature region to the lower temperature region, and the temperature of the element at any point along the element is proportional to the temperature difference between the two regions and the distance from either one of the regions. By measuring the second temperature and also a third temperature T3 at a point along the element, and knowing accurately the position Dn of that point with respect to the first and second ends of the element, the first temperature can be inferred by proportionality.

Abstract: A method for determining virgin formation temperature of earth formations surrounding a borehole is provided. The time duration of drilling fluid circulation and the time after cessation of drilling fluid circulation at the borehole depth regions of interest are tracked. At a particular borehole depth region of interest, fluid flows from the formations into a device in the borehole, and the temperature of the fluid as a function of time with respect to initiation of fluid flow is measured. The thermal history of formations surrounding the particular borehole depth region is modeled for a cooling phase during drilling fluid circulation, a temperature build-up phase after cessation of drilling fluid circulation, and a formation fluid flow phase after initiation of fluid flow. The model and temperature measurements are used to determine a trend of temperature evolution and the virgin formation temperature by extrapolation from the trend.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a variable-temperature heater and one or more temperature sensors and may also include a heat flux sensor. Physical variables such as temperature, time rate of change in temperature and/or heat flow rate are directly measured at positions on the surface of a patient while being heated by the heater through a thermally insulating member. Such measured values are used to solve a heat transfer equation rewritten as lower-order equations. Measurements may be controlled to be taken at a desired timing such as at specified intervals. The probe for contacting the patient's body may be planar or in an elongated bar-shape.

Abstract: A probe and method for simulating product temperature includes a housing containing a thermal mass having thermo-physical properties similar to food product, a temperature sensing element operable to measure the temperature of the thermal mass, and a transceiver in communication with the sensing element and operable to wirelessly transmit data.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus (5) for condition diagnosing of an inductive power device (1), such as a transformer or reactor, having power windings (2) immersed in a fluid (3) being cooled by cooling devices (4). The diagnosing method basically compares and evaluates expected heat flows into and out from the inductive power device (1) system together with an actual and a previous heat content of such a system. From the heat flows the heat balance in the system may be obtained and is used for diagnosing the operation conditions of the inductive power device (1). The results from the condition diagnosing may be used as indicators (70) that can alarm operators, may be sent as a data signal (80) to remote and/or portable display means (85), such as a computer, or may be used as input data to control or simulation systems.

Abstract: A device for determining the temperature in the interior of a vehicle includes a temperature sensor for arrangement behind a wall adjacent the interior, and a processing unit receiving the measuring signal from the temperature sensor and outputting an output signal representing the temperature in the interior of the vehicle, and a thermal conductor for sensing the temperature of the air in the interior in the region close to the wall, the thermal conductor being in thermally conductive contact with the temperature sensor and being provided to extend up to or close to the wall or through an opening in the wall.

Abstract: A temperature meter for measuring temperature of a measurement target object to which a temperature sensor cannot be fixed directly is formed by a temperature sensor configured to measure an observed temperature in a vicinity of the measurement target object; a timer configured to measure a temperature observation time; and a calculation processor configured to calculate the temperature of the measurement target object according to the observed temperature and the temperature observation time by carrying out a prescribed calculation processing.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring engine thrust bearing temperature deviations. Initially, key engine parameters are measured. A bearing temperature rise can be predicted based on the measured parameters. The predicted rise value is compared with the actual rise value to generate a comparison value. The system is trained to respond to the comparison value to prevent catastrophic failure.

Abstract: A probe and method for simulating product temperature includes a housing containing a thermal mass having thermo-physical properties similar to food product, a temperature sensing element operable to measure the temperature of the thermal mass, and a transceiver in communication with the sensing element and operable to wirelessly transmit data.

Abstract: A probe for temperature measurement, comprising a probe, body which has a cylindrical hole into which a thermocouple or a resistance thermometer can be inserted, whose thermosensitive tip projects from the forward section of the probe body, the forward section of the probe body being provided with an annular gap at a small distance from the cylindrical hole .

Abstract: A system and method for controlling refrigeration including a simulated product temperature sensor operable to measure a simulated product temperature from a refrigeration case and a transceiver in communication with said simulated product temperature sensor and operable to wirelessly transmit data. A receiver receives the wirelessly transmitted data and a controller in communication with the receiver controls the refrigeration system based upon the wirelessly transmitted data from the refrigeration case.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for monitoring engine thrust bearing temperature deviations. Initially, key engine parameters are measured. A bearing temperature rise can be predicted based on the measured parameters. The predicted rise value is compared with the actual rise value to generate a comparison value. The system is trained to respond to the comparison value to prevent catastrophic failure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion temperature sensor, and, more particularly, to a combustion temperature sensor that measures infrared energy emitted at several preselected wavelengths from a flame and/or a flame's hot gas at a turbine inlet location and applies the energy signals to a calculation model to yield temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion temperature sensor, and, more particularly, to a combustion temperature sensor that measures infrared energy emitted at several preselected wavelengths from a flame and/or a flame's hot gas at a turbine inlet location and applies the energy signals to a calculation model to yield temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for assessing burn injury to underlying tissue from a flammable material. The apparatus includes an artificial human tissue and a plurality of temperature sensors located at predetermined locations in the artificial human tissue to measure temperature of the artificial human tissue during a flammability test. The apparatus further includes a heat sink device for simulating the heat sink properties of a human body. The apparatus further includes a heat exchange tank for maintaining the artificial human tissue at a regulated temperature, the heat exchange tank being filled with a fluid. The apparatus further includes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the fluid in the heat exchange tank. The apparatus further includes a water supply device for supplying water to the interior of the heat exchanger. The apparatus also includes a data acquisition system attached to the plurality of temperature sensors for recording the temperature of the artificial human tissue.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for active pyrometric measurement of the temperature of a body whose emissivity varies with wavelength. The emissivity is inferred from reflectivity measured at two wavelengths in an irradiation wavelength band and extrapolated to a wavelength in an emission wavelength band. The extrapolated emissivity is used to correct a blackbody estimate of the temperature of the body in the emission wavelength band. The extrapolation, being temperature-dependent, is done iteratively. Both reflectivity and emission measurements are performed via a common optical head that is shaped, and is positioned relative to the body, so that the optical head has a sufficiently large solid angle of acceptance that the measured temperature is independent of superficial roughness of the body.

Abstract: A temperature-detecting element 5 detects the temperature of a workpiece in a furnace. The element 5 comprises a temperature-sensing portion 1 which is disposed in a furnace at a location adjacent to position where workpiece is to be held, and a splinter 3 made of similar material to the workpiece and held in contact with the temperature-sensing portion 1. When the workpiece temperature is raised quickly, the splinter 3 produces such surroundings of the temperature-sensing portion 1 that the portion 1 is caused to have similar radiation-receiving ability to that of the workpiece. The material of the splinter 3 may have similar thermal properties as that of the workpiece.

Abstract: A device and a method are disclosed for indicating the reaching of a temperature within a predetermined temperature range by heated food. The device includes a transparent sealed container including a first compartment containing a first substance and a second compartment containing a second substance. The first compartment is separated from the second compartment by a meltable sealant having a melting point within the determined temperature range. The device is partially or fully immersed in the heated food and on reaching a temperature within the predetermined temperature range, the meltable sealant melts enabling the first substance to contact the second substance. The contact between the first substance and the second substance results in a detectable change such as a color change of at least one the first substance and the second substance. The color change is visibly detectable through the transparent sealed container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the temperature of a discrete power semiconductor from an analog integrated circuit that is copackaged with the power semiconductor on a heat sink, given a knowledge of the thermal capacitances of the power semiconductor and of the analog integrated circuit, the thermal resistance between the power semiconductor and the analog integrated circuit, the thermal resistances between the power semiconductor and the heat sink and between the analog integrated circuit and the heat sink.

Abstract: A method of determining a vehicle battery temperature by a non-linear dynamic model based on the physical concepts of thermal transfer and a system identification technique. The battery temperature model uses several available physical measurements from the vehicle, including the engine coolant temperature, surrounding air temperature, vehicle speed and the engine fan on/off state. This method also includes the estimation of an initial value of battery temperature before starting the iteration process by the battery temperature prediction from the dynamic model.

Abstract: A technique for implementing a programmable thermal model of an integrated circuit component such as a central processing unit (CPU) and its associated heat sink. The model estimates the die temperature of the component as if there were no cooling devices present in the system such as a forced air cooling fan by integrating the thermal energy added when the component is active and by integrating the thermal energy removed when it is idle. A programmable power value may be used to represent the heat added to the model at each model sample period. The effect of a heat sink in cooling the idle component may be modeled by reducing the value of the heat accumulator by a predetermined fractional amount during each sample period. The decay time constant for the model may be changed by then adjusting the sample period.

Abstract: In a system and method for conditioning air in a vehicle, it is determined whether an inside air temperature detected by an inside air temperature sensor is stable, an outside air temperature is estimated based on the inside air temperature only when the inside air temperature is stable, a target conditioned air temperature is calculated using an estimated outside air temperature as well as the estimation of outside air temperature is repeated, and the estimated outside air temperature used for the calculation of the target conditioned air temperature is renewed only when the estimated outside air temperature is different from a prior estimated outside air temperature by a value more than a predetermined value. The outside air temperature is adequately estimated without providing an outside air temperature sensor. Consequently, a desirable air conditioning for vehicles may be performed simply and inexpensively.

Abstract: An elongate temperature probe is provided for extending into a fluid flow. First an second temperature sensors are mounted in the temperature probe, spaced apart from each other along the length of the probe. The first and second temperature sensors provide temperature signals to a data processor. The data processor in use determines the temperature of the fluid flow from the temperature signals and at least one other fluid parameter, using a mathematical model of the heat transfer along the probe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for noncontact temperature measurement of a substrate insitu by measuring the temperature of a substrate support member and an intermediate member located between the substrate and the substrate support member. The intermediate member has a given heat transfer surface area adjacent both the substrate and the substrate support member and high thermal conductivity so that the intermediate member rapidly approaches a steady state surface temperature after the substrate is positioned in the substrate support member. In this arrangement, the temperature of the substrate can be determined either by calibration or application of a heat transfer equation. Various temperature measuring instruments may be used, including a light probe located in the substrate support member normal to the surface of the intermediate member to measure the radiation from a temperature sensitive material deposited on the bottom surface of the intermediate member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the internal temperature and the coefficient of internal thermal conductivity of a structure. In both cases, the surface temperature and ambient temperature of an object are measured from both sides of two structures whose thermal conductivities are known. On the basis of the measured temperature values, the internal temperature or the coefficient of internal thermal conductivity of the object is determined from the function of the heat flux. Thereafter the unknown thermal conductivity or the unknown internal temperature of the object is eliminated from the solutions, and the internal temperature or the coefficient of internal thermal conductivity of the object is determined on the basis of the combined solution.

Abstract: A method for generating a signal (TAn) responsive to the induction air temperature of an internal combustion engine. The signal (TAn) for the induction air temperature is determined from a signal (TMot) for the temperature of the internal combustion engine, from a signal (TU) for the ambient temperature, and from a correction factor K. Correction factor K is a function of a signal (mL) and/or a vehicular speed signal (v), signal (mL) representing either the induction air quantity or the air mass of the internal combustion engine. To enable the most accurate possible simulation of induction air temperature, even under changing operating conditions, the signal (TAn) for the induction air temperature is filtered, it being possible to variably select the time constant (ZK) of the filter in response to rising and falling induction air temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor unit and a temperature measuring system that includes the sensor unit for the contactless determination of the object temperature (T.sub.v) of at least a part of an object. The sensor unit is placed near the object and includes a first and second plate. A temperature-sensitive sensor is disposed on each plate to produce first and second sensor signals which represent the temperature of the first and second plates, respectively. The system also includes a control unit which processes the first and second sensor signals in combination for determining the object temperature (T.sub.v). Preferably, the control unit employs a Kalman filter. Also, the temperature measuring system is applied to an image reproduction machine to determine the temperature of a roller or belt.

Abstract: A temperature-indicating device for use with a barrier having a first side and an opposite second side, the device including a temperature sensitive means located at the first side of the barrier, a thermal conductor for transferring heat from the second side of the barrier to the temperature sensitive means, and a temperature indicator disposed on the first side of the barrier, the temperature indicator for indicating on the first side of the barrier a change in temperature occurring on the second side of the barrier.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for sensing a cold junction temperature, wherein two sensors are located near the cold junction temperature, the temperatures at the two sensors are measured, the heat flow between the two sensors and one of the two sensors and the cold junction is constrained to be equal, and the thermal impedances between each of the two sensors and the cold junction is maintained constant. The cold junction temperature is a weighted difference of the two temperatures at the two sensors and the weighting factor depends on the ratio of the thermal impedance between the two sensors and the thermal impedance between the first sensor and the cold junction.

Abstract: A temperature indicator for indicating the temperature condition of an object while subjecting the object to an external temperature environment. The temperature indicator includes a substantially transparent outer shell containing a substantially transport modeling structure, which includes a plurality of heat receiving elements, for modeling the thermal diffusivity of the object. The indicator also includes a temperature measuring device in thermal contact with the modeling structure for measuring the temperature within the outer shell to thereby indicate the temperature condition of the object. The outer shell including first and second sections which apply a compressive force to the modeling structure when the first and second sections are secured together to thereby confine the modeling structure within the outer shell.

Abstract: A device for measuring the temperature of an external moving filament is disclosed. The device includes dual thermal sinks or reference bodies; each reference body has two heat flow sensors that are matched in sensitivity and are connected in series. By utilizing dual thermal reference bodies, which are maintained at different temperatures, the device yields the absolute temperature of the filament by measuring the temperatures of the referenced bodies and the heat flow rates between each of the reference bodies and the filament. The device automatically calculates the proportionality constant between the heat flow rates and the temperature differences between the filament and the reference bodies and thus calculates the filament temperature. Each heat flow sensor has a row of sensitive elements or active junction lines that is not parallel to the path of the filament.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for handling devices for testing under varying temperature conditions is disclosed including a mechanical arm (32) pivotally mounted by a bearing (34) to a control portion (16) which is variably vertically positionable relative to a platform portion (14). An insert arm (38) is rotatably mounted within the mechanical arm (32) to reciprocally and rotatably mount a thermal socket (90) for mating with a contactor (126). The socket (90) is mounted to a vacuum cup (48) to allow position alignment as alignment pins (132) are initially slideably received in alignment notches (124) and when no vacuum is applied and is fixed in the aligned position after the application of vacuum. Thermal tubes (74) of probes (50) are reciprocal with the thermal socket (90) to provide thermally conditioned gas/air to the thermal socket (90). The thermal socket (90) provides a swirling action to the thermally conditioned gas/air to exit 360.degree.

Abstract: A technique for measuring temperature by a thermistor sensor which technique provides for a linearization of the temperature sensed by the thermistor by utilizing circuitry which responds to the thermistor and produces an output which is an exponential function of the temperature sensed by the thermistor. A further circuit, such as a logarithmic amplifier, responds to such output to provide a signal which represents the temperature.

Abstract: Temperature measurement with thermocouples is made more accurate, and the cost of disposable thermocouples is reduced by locating the cold junction close to the hot junction, utilizing a thermistor in thermal communication with the cold junction in developing a compensating voltage which varies with temperature as does the voltage produced by the cold junction, and applying the compensating voltage to cancel the cold junction voltage. The presence of radio frequency fields in the region of the thermocouple is detected and utilization of the thermocouple voltage is interrupted in intervals when the interference is greater than some preselected intensity. Further, the thermocouple voltage information is utilized to simulate the resistance a thermistor would have at the temperature represented by the thermistor voltage information and that simulated resistance is applied to instrumentation designed to measure temperature with a thermistor.

Abstract: A heat-generating element and a fluid temperature measuring element are immersed in a molten or gelled fluid sample to measure continuously both temperature .SIGMA.w of the said heat-generating element and fluid temperature .THETA..infin. during the cooling or heating of the fluid sample at one or several constant cooling or heating rates. An abrupt change in .THETA.w-.THETA..infin. value is detected to obtain the practical gel-point temperature of a characteristic gel-point temperature, which is defined as the extrapolated gel-point temperature at a cooling or heating rate of zero.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for using infrared radiation to distinguish between live and dead poultry eggs. The apparatus comprises a plurality of infrared sensors, means for moving a fixed array of eggs to a predetermined aligned position with respect to the infrared sensors. The apparatus records the infrared radiation emitted by each egg in the array, and calculates a threshold temperature from the individual temperatures for which 70 percent of the eggs measured in the fixed array are cooler. The apparatus includes means for removing dead eggs from the fixed array which are identified as having temperatures more than one degree Fahrenheit cooler than the threshold temperature.

Abstract: Heat flux distribution and heat transfer coefficient distribution over a surface of a component used in a high temperature environment are determined by supplying coolant of predetermined characteristics to the component and measuring a temperature distribution over a predetermined surface. The heat flux at each temperature measurement point on the surface of the component is determined from heat flux calibration data obtained before the component is placed in service and while it is being operated at in-service cooling conditions. The heat transfer coefficient at various locations on the surface of the component is determined from the heat flux indicated by the heat flux calibration data, the temperature of the surface, and the temperature of the environment in which the component is situated.

Abstract: The invention is a method of distinguishing between live and dead poultry eggs. The method comprises monitoring the individual temperatures of the selected group of eggs and then using the monitored individual egg temperatures to determine a comparative egg temperature for the selected group. The difference between each individual egg temperature and the comparative egg temperature of the selected group is determined, and dead eggs are identified on the basis of the difference between their monitored individual temperatures and the comparative egg temperature of the selected group.

Abstract: A method of determining true temperatures of a heated target material by its radiation based on prior knowledge of an emissivity function which describes the relationship between two spectral emissivities for the target material, comprising measuring two radiances corresponding to said two spectral emissivities from the target material, assuming a temperature of the target material, then calculating a pair of emissivities which satisfy the emissivity fuction whereat the assumed temperature is the true temperature of the target material.

Abstract: A power controller is provided for controlling the distribution of power to heat tracing cable or the like. Heat tracing cable is used for maintaining a desired process temperature in pipes or vessels when the outside ambient temperature falls below the desired process temperature. Based on outside air temperature the controller of the present invention determines the percent of power which should be supplied to the heat tracing cable network to maintain the temperature. The power controller hereof alters the length of time that power is supplied to the power network to control the amount of heat supplied. Advantageously, the power controller results in significant energy cost savings by supplying only the specific energy required to maintain the temperature in the heating cable network.

Abstract: A dynamic thermal display simulator for testing thermal sensors having a matrix of individually programmable heater elements which are arranged in a linear array on the edge of a board comprising a low, thermal-conductive, electrically insulating substrate. A plurality of boards are arranged in rows to create the matrix.

Abstract: A series of thermomechanical workings such as temperature-controlled torsional strains are applied to a specimen of steel at strain and temperature levels and interpass times selected to simulate rolling mill conditions. The measured stress values are compared with the temperatures of the steel during the working periods during which the respective values were obtained. Thermomechanical working schedules are repeated at selected varying starting and terminating temperatures thereby to obtain a series of possible rolling schedules. These simulations are selected so that a varying number of reduction passes in the sequence occur at steel temperatures below temperature A.sub.r3. The value of a selected parameter of the worked steel, e.g. yield strength, is measured at ambient temperature.