Abstract: A new device is provided for sensing refrigerant tempertatures in refrigerator systems, and for the control of refrigerant loading in a plurality of refrigerator evaporator circuit coils connected in parallel. Such evaporator coils are supplied with refrigerant through a termostatically controlled flow control valve, which is controlled by a sensor to ensure a predetermined amount of superheat. The usual minimum superheat is aobut 5.5.degree. C. (10.degree. F.) and to reduce this value the refrigerant is passed through the devide in which it is rendered thoroughly turbulent and mixed, the device intercepting the entire refrigerant flow just before the sensing of the superheat, thus ensuring that the temperature is accurately measured. In one aspect of the invention the device consists of a series of three chambers connected together by two similar sets of holes, the first and third chambers being similar so that it is completely reversible.

Abstract: A method for slowing the heat transfer rate to a flow facing part of an object exposed to a high total enthalpy fluid flow flowing in a direction approximately perpendicular to that part, including the step of recessing that part. There is also provided apparatus for protecting a heat sensitive instrument (26) in an object (20) from a high enthalpy fluid flow impinging on the instrument in flow facing relationship, and to which the instrument must be exposed due to the nature of its desired functioning, including an essentially unvented recess (22) defined in or near the tip or the leading edge of the object, the instrument being disposed in the recess.

Abstract: A temperature sensor probe is provided with a series of flow channels for deflecting a fluid to be sensed as it flows over the surface of the probe. The flow channels reduce the separation of flow from the surface of the probe thereby increasing the convective heat transfer of the probe and improving the time response of the probe. The temperature sensor probe includes a temperature sensing element housed in a probe housing. In channels are formed on the outer surface of the probe housing. In the preferred form of the invention, the housing is cylindrically shaped and the flow channels extend around the entire circumference of the housing in a spiral fashion so as to form a helical shape extending substantially the entire length of the probe housing.

Abstract: A testing system for determining accelerated weathering characteristics of various items such as fabrics and paint samples. Rack means are provided for carrying samples to be tested. A source of irradiation of the inner-facing surfaces of the samples carried on the rack is also provided, along with a blower system for directing a stream of air through the rack. In accordance with this invention, a generally conical member is positioned in the stream of air to redirect the stream outwardly in a generally conical flow path. The generally conical flow path is positioned by the conical member to flow across the inner-facing surfaces of the samples carried on the rack.

Abstract: A technique for indirectly determining the temperature of a fluid includes directing at least a portion of the fluid around the outside of a thermally conductive body so as to produce a substantially uniform temperature therein. The fluid temperature is then determined by measuring the resulting temperature within the body. In one embodiment, the fluid is directed around the body by enclosing the body in a shell which has an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and at least one passageway connecting the inlet opening to the outlet opening. In an embodiment which is particularly useful for gas turbine applications, the body is located inside of the outer casing of the turbine and is connected to a guide tube which extends through the outer casing in such a manner that the means employed for measuring the temperature within the body is insertable into and removable from the body through the guide tube.

Abstract: A testing system for determining accelerated weathering characteristics of various items such as fabrics and paint samples. Rack means are provided for carrying samples to be tested. A source of irradiation of the inner-facing surfaces of the samples carried on the rack is also provided, along with a blower system for directing a stream of air through the rack. In accordance with this invention, a generally conical member is positioned in the stream of air to redirect the stream outwardly in a generally conical flow path. The generally conical flow path is positioned by the conical member to flow across the inner-facing surfaces of the samples carried on the rack.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass of a flowing medium and a method for producing the apparatus. The apparatus includes a carrier, to which at least one resistor layer is applied. To calibrate the resistance value of the resistor layer, material can be removed in a calibration zone on the end of the resistor layer remote from the incident direction of flow. To this end, the resistor layer is connected with a current source furnishing a constant current. The temperature of the resistor layer is measured by means of a temperature measuring device and compared in an electronic device with a predetermined temperature, and the electronic device, upon a deviation of the measured temperature from the predetermined temperature triggers a material removing device for the removal of resistor material in the calibration zone (trimming zone).

Abstract: Air data measurement apparatus for use on an aircraft, comprises a housing (1) open at both ends (2, 3) and divided into two chambers (8, 9) by a transverse wall (7). The leading end chamber (8) contains a total pressure sensor (11) and the trailing end chamber (9) contains a total temperature sensor assembly (15) whereby the apparatus functions to measure total temperature and pressure at a common point on an aircraft.

Abstract: A thermal shock apparatus comprises a hot gas stream impinging means, a hot gas stream impinging control means, a positioning means for the hot gas stream impinging means, and a sample holding means. A sample is subjected to an essentially instantaneous impingement of a hot gas stream upon a predetermined area of the sample when a heat gun is moved past heat deflection foils and positioned above the sample causing a thermal shock within the sample.

Abstract: A temperature sensor, for measuring the temperature of air flowing in a substantially annular path into a compressor stage of a gas turbine engine, is positioned in proximity to the inner diameter of the annular flow path forward of the compressor stage where the measured temperature of the compressor inlet air is reliable during periods of water ingestion as well as during dry operation.

Abstract: An air blower sucks air from an area of an air heated compartment of a motor vehicle and blows out an air stream into a different area of the compartment. A temperature sensor is located in the air stream at a relatively large distance from the air blower so as to entrain ambient air from the compartment. Due to the mixing of the discharged air stream with the ambient stream, an information about the overall temperature in the compartment is detected by a single temperature sensor.

Abstract: A system for determining the flow rate and temperature of air moving through a duct including a sampling or sensing head for sampling the air moving through the duct, a flow rate sensor connected to the sensing head for providing an output signal relating to the flow rate of air moving through the duct based upon the sampling of that air, and a temperature sensor connected to the sensing head for determining the temperature of the air moving through the duct based upon the sampling of the air moving through the duct.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and process for measuring the temperature of a fluid environment within a vessel. The apparatus features a chamber which opens into the vessel and thus contains a portion of the fluid environment. Structure is provided for preventing substantial convective movement between the portion of the fluid environment within the chamber and the remainder of the fluid environment. A temperature sensing device is also provided which is movable from a position within the chamber to a position into the remainder of the fluid environment for obtaining a temperature measurement. The chamber is maintained at a temperature cooler than that of the fluid environment. This invention also relates to a process for the periodic measuring of the temperature of a fluid environment in a vessel.

Abstract: The inlet for a temperature measuring probe mounted in the leading edge of a strut or vane is constructed to project beyond the leading edge into the flow stream being measured and having the end scarfed in the direction of the flow stream. This measuring probe has particular utility where the flow direction changes as in gas turbine power plant.

Abstract: In a device for measuring the temperature in a dust carrying gas stream having a temperature probe and a deflecting rod enclosing the probe at least partially and structure mounting the temperature probe and the deflecting rod within the gas stream substantially transversely to the flow direction an arrangement is provided to increase the operational safety.

Abstract: A rapidly responding, electric thermometer for measuring surface temperatures is described which permits only a minimum heat transfer of temperature. The thermometer consists of a housing open at the bottom in which, ending with the lower edge of the housing, a temperature sensor is embedded by means of a poorly heat conducting material. The heat transfer between the lower part of the housing and the upper part of the housing is suppressed to a great extend with several radial slits in the housing which allow only two or more bridges to remain standing.

Abstract: An averaging temperature responsive device having a hollow elongated member, a plurality of holes substantially along the length of the member, the plurality of holes decreasing in area from the hole near the end at which the member is mounted to the hole at the other end of the member, an exhaust opening at the second end of the member for permitting air moving through the duct which enters the plurality of holes to be exhausted from the inside of the member, and a temperature responsive element for sensing the average temperature of air moving through the member.

Abstract: A surface temperature measuring apparatus is arranged to comprise means for conducting a first radiant energy generated from an object to be measured, said energy conducting means being provided opposite to said object, and reference radiation source means provided to mask the influence of radiation noise from the furnace on a radiometer and to generate a second radiation whose level is substantially determinable, whereby the surface temperature of said object can be determined from the detected values of said first and second radiations.

Abstract: An anti-icing airflow temperature sensor (2) comprising a temperature sensitive element (4) and a casing (6) around the temperature sensitive element, the front (8) of the casing having apertures (10,12) of high perimeter/aspect ratio, the side of the casing having outwardly forwardly inclined apertures (20) adjacent the temperature sensitive element, the rear (14) of the casing having a substantial open area and the casing having a substantial unapertured portion between its front and the side aperture or apertures.

Abstract: An arrangement for sensing temperature in an interstage cavity 24 comprises an extractable temperature probe 44 having a radially inner end sensing portion 46 disposed in a bore 40 in a seal housing 22, the bore 40 receiving bypassing fluid flow which enters the bypassing passage 34 from a location intermediate the axial extent of a sealed leakage path 32 between the upstream and downstream regions 24a and 24b, respectively, of the interstage cavity. These components collectively form the self-aspirating disc cavity seal temperature measuring system.

Abstract: System for measuring the temperature of a gas by sampling, having a measurement probe with a certain permanent error. The system includes in addition two corrective probes placed in contact with said gas sample, one of the probes having essentially the same error as the measurement probe, the other probe having a double error. These three probes are advantageously thermocouples connected in opposition in a predetermined order so that the measurement error .DELTA.T obtained by the measurement probe in relation to the real temperature of the gases Tg is compensated for by those from the corrective probes.

Abstract: A device for measuring a parameter such as temperature, humidity, or the like in a fluid stream having a leading portion and a trailing portion forming an elongated longitudinal housing with a bore extending longitudinally through the portions for flow therethrough. The flow rate is internally regulated to a desired rate by a restriction in the bore located in the trailing portion. Where the fluid stream is air, the restriction provides for internal Mach number regulation at various flow rates. A first plurality of ports is located in the leading portion for boundary layer control. The device has one or more annular fluid passageways downstream of the first ports coupled to the bore and ported to the exterior to cooperate with the bore to provide a lower pressure area for flow therethrough, and a sensor disposed in at least one such passageway. The leading portion may incorporate anti-icing for air stream measurement. For temperature sensors, radiation shielding is provided.

Abstract: A truck or automobile thermometer for mounting on the exterior of the vehicle and subject to outside weather conditions is shown. The sensing element of the thermometer is of the usual rod type with a capillary tube containing mercury, etc. A direct reading dial with a pointer is operatively associated with the rod and is disposed at right angles thereto. An externally threaded nipple is connected with the thermometer and is coaxially disposed on the rod element. An internally threaded tube surrounds the rod and is spaced therefrom to provide an air chamber around the rod-sensing element. This tube has an end opening to admit exterior air and side outlet means to exhaust air. A bracket having two legs, disposed at right angles to each other, is provided with a hole in one leg of smaller diameter than the threaded tube. Then such hole is passed over the threaded nipple and the tube is threadedly connected with the nipple, thus uniting the rod, bracket, and tube.