Abstract: An integrated circuit for facilitating spread spectrum reception of data having a data bit period includes an hypothesis search circuit (120, 210, 220) operable to correlate a pseudorandom code with a signal input based on a received signal to produce correlation results, and a processor circuit (320) operable to coherently integrate the correlation results over plural sample windows (PreD1, PreD2) staggered relative to each other in the coherent integration interval and to non-coherently combine the coherently integrated results corresponding to the plural sample windows (PreD1, PreD2) to produce a received signal output, whereby enhancing performance. Other circuits, receivers and processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A receiver circuit provides improved noise estimation processing by at least partially removing receiver frequency error bias. An initial noise estimate is compensated using an error term based on the observed receiver frequency error, and the resulting compensated noise estimate can be used to improve other signal processing in the receiver. For example, the receiver may use compensated noise estimates to generate signal quality estimates, e.g., Signal-to-Interference (SIR) estimates, having improved accuracy. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver may use the compensated noise estimates to generate RAKE combining weights having improved noise suppression characteristics. In an exemplary embodiment, the initial noise estimate is a noise correlation matrix generated from a received reference signal, e.g., pilot symbols, and the error term is an error matrix directly generated using the observed receiver frequency error and channel estimates taken from the reference signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reading RFID tags using joint beamforming and preamble detection in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. One embodiment includes an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements, a joint beamformer and preamble detector configured to receive inputs from each of the antenna elements, and a decoder configured to receive a resampled signal from the joint beamformer and preamble detector and to decode data using the resampled signal. In addition, the joint beamformer and preamble detector is configured to correlate the inputs from the antenna elements against a correlation sequence at a plurality of starting sample positions and predetermined rates, use the correlations to select a starting sample position and rate for decoding the received signal, use the correlations to determine beamforming coefficients for combining the inputs, and resample the combined inputs based upon the selected starting sample position and rate.

Abstract: In this signal detection device (100), a delaying unit (101) delays a first distributed signal or a second distributed signal distributed from a received signal for a period of time of T1 to form a first multiplication signal, and delays the one for a period of time of T2 (T2>T1) to form a second multiplication signal. An integrator (104) calculates a first correlation value by integrating the result of multiplying the first distributed signal and the first multiplication signal. An integrator (105) calculates a second correlation value by integrating the result of multiplying the second distributed signal and the second multiplication signal. An evaluation unit (108) evaluates whether the signal to be detected, which is a periodic signal with a period of T1 or a periodic signal with a period of T2, exists or not, on the basis of the first correlation value and the second correlation value.

Abstract: A method of facilitating a user equipment (UE) communicating with a base station (BS) via a cell of a mobile communications system is disclosed. The UE selects a random access preamble sequence from a set of random access preamble sequences and transmits the random access preamble sequence to the BS. The BS receives the random access preamble sequence and estimates a time of arrival of the random access preamble sequence. A pre-defined set is used in generating the set of random access preamble sequences via at least one Zadoff-Chu sequence. The pre-defined set including all of the following values: 0, 13, 15, 18, 22, 26, 32, 38, 46, 59, 76, 93, 119, 167, 279, 419.

Abstract: A mobile device, and a method and computer program product for displaying a streaming video image at the mobile device during a packet based video call via a channel established over a wireless communication network, the method includes receiving a speed indication of the mobile device and sending said indication to a communication client application; and responsive to receiving said indication, the communication client application is configured to limit the amount of information in the streaming video image that is supplied for display on a display of the mobile device during the video call when the speed of the mobile device is greater than, or equal to, a first predetermined speed threshold.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and apparatus are disclosed for decoding an encoded data signal. In one embodiment, the method includes accessing, in a memory, a set of signal elements. The encoded data signal is received at a computing device. The signal includes signal fragments each having a projection value and an index value. The projection value has been calculated as a function of at least one signal element of the set of signal elements and at least a portion of the data signal. The index value associates its respective signal fragment with the at least one signal element used to calculate the projection value. The computing device determines amplitude values based on the projection values in the signal fragments. The decoded signal is determined using the amplitude values and the signal elements associated with the at least some of the signal fragments.

Abstract: A receiver and method for receiving and processing a sequence of transmitted symbols in a digital communication system utilizing soft pilot symbols. A set of soft pilot symbols are transmitted with higher reliability than the remaining symbols in the sequence by modulating the soft pilot symbols with a lower order modulation such as BPSK or QPSK while modulating the remaining symbols with a higher order modulation such as 16 QAM or 64 QAM. The receiver knows the modulation type and location (time/frequency/code) of the soft pilot symbols, and demodulates them first. The receiver uses the demodulated soft pilot symbols as known symbols to estimate parameters of the received radio signal. Unlike traditional fixed pilots, the soft pilots still carry some data. Additionally, the soft pilots are particularly helpful in establishing the amplitude reference essential in demodulating the higher order modulation symbols.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a device for calculating a coefficient of a time-domain channel estimation filter. The method comprises: acquiring position information and weight information of symbols carrying RS information corresponding to X1, X2 . . . XP; acquiring position information and weight information of symbols carrying RS information relating to Y1, Y2, . . . YQ; calculating an autocorrelation matrix of a vector I in accordance with the position information and the weight information, wherein I=[X1, X2, . . . XP, Y1, Y2, . . .

Abstract: Example embodiments comprise a diversity receiver, and corresponding method, for measuring a differential phase between a first local oscillator of a first antenna and a second local oscillator of a second antenna in the presence of a primary interference signal and at least one secondary interference signal. The method may comprise receiving a primary communication signal, a primary reference signal and additional reference signals, and processing these signals such that a summation signal does not substantially comprise the at least one secondary interference signal. The estimation of differential phase is achieved by a phase shift calculation between processed signal components, using that a summation of all signal components equals, or is approximately equal to, a predetermined signal.

Abstract: A method for acquiring a code phase shift between an input sequence and a reference sequence is provided. The method is to be implemented using an acquisition device that includes a mapping unit configured to transform the input sequence and the reference sequence respectively into an input signal and a reference signal each with a complex phase, a comparison unit configured to compare the input signal with the reference signal so as to obtain a phase coherent indicator, and calculating unit configured to obtain the code phase shift between the input sequence and the reference sequence based on a phase of the phase coherent indicator and a number of bits of the input sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self-correlation receiver of a transceiver in which a transmitter shares an antenna with a receiver. The self-correlation receiver includes: a clamper which receives a received signal, limits the magnitude of the received signal within a predetermined range and outputs a clamping signal; and a mixer which receives the received signal and the clamping signal and outputs a signal having a difference frequency between the received signal and the clamping signal.

Abstract: A wireless sensor with fast correlator to detect a known pattern. The wireless sensor with fast correlator comprises a wireless receiver with bank of detectors and bank of correlators, a receive signal strength measurement circuit, and a control processor with timing counter. The fast correlator comprises of a shift register, an array of ENXOs gates, an array of AND gates and Delays and a final AND gate. The control processor utilizes the received information, received signal strength and timing information to estimate and calculate various environmental parameters which can be used to activate different devices.

Abstract: A first correlation calculation is performed based on a first predicted frequency, with respect to received data of a GPS satellite signal. An error frequency of the first predicted frequency is estimated using a carrier phase of the GPS satellite signal based on the result of the first correlation calculation. The first predicted frequency is corrected using the error frequency, and a second predicted frequency is thus calculated. Then, a second correlation calculation is performed with respect to the same received data, based on the second predicted frequency. A navigation message carried on the GPS satellite signal is decoded using the result of the second correlation calculation.

Abstract: A method of allocating radio resources in a wireless communication system includes dividing the overall frequency band into a plurality of frequency blocks including at least one subcarrier in a frequency domain, and allocating an allocation unit including some of the plurality of frequency blocks to a user equipment (ITE), wherein the allocation unit is any one of a localized allocation unit including frequency blocks contiguous in the frequency domain and a distributed allocation unit including frequency blocks distributed in the frequency domain. Allocation schemes of subcarriers are freely used suitably according to channel environments of users, the scheduling effect of radio resources can be enhanced.

Abstract: Satellite communication systems utilize spreading by repetition techniques, including block repetition, to enable operation at low signal to noise conditions. A carrier frequency offset between a transmitter and a receiver results in phase offsets between repetitions. Thus, combining the repetitions requires estimation of the phase offset between the repetitions before coherent de-spreading can be performed. Disclosed herein are methods for estimating a phase offset between successive block repetitions. The methods may utilize more than two repetitions for determining a common phase offset between any two successive repetitions. In some embodiments, these methods may allow summation of repetitions with better coherency and/or with a lower de-spreading loss.

Abstract: Low latency and computationally efficient techniques may be employed to account for errors in data such as low bit-width, oversampled data. In some aspects these techniques may be employed to mitigate audio artifacts associated with sigma-delta modulated audio data. In some aspects an error may be detected in a set of encoded data based on an outcome of a channel decoding process. Upon determining that a set of data may contain at least one error, the set of data may be replaced with another set of data that is based on one or more neighboring data sets. For example, in some aspects a set of data including at least one bit in error may be replaced with data that is generated by applying a cross-fading operation to neighboring data sets. In some aspects a given data bit may be flipped as a result of a linear prediction operation that is applied to PCM equivalent data that is associated with the given data bit and its neighboring data bits.

Abstract: A synchronization system for initial setup of phases of local oscillators in a wireless receiver of a communication system characterized by transmission of data packets having a predetermined preamble consisting of M identical sections of L symbols followed by a single section of the same kind, multiplied by ?1, and wherein the wireless receiver is operative to perform decimation in an RF demodulator. The synchronization system includes a twofold correlator, an accumulator, a multiplier, a threshold comparator, a carrier phase former and a clock phase former, and operates at a decimated symbols frequency, and performs not only preamble detection, but also symbols clock phase detection together with carrier phase detection, while enabling the theoretically possible noise immunity.

Abstract: An OFDM generation apparatus and methods for generating OFDM transmission signals from OFDM symbols, each including a plurality of OFDM subcarriers, for transmission in a multi-carrier data transmission system, is provided. The provided apparatus and method may use a selected mixing frequency for mixing complex time-domain samples of OFDM symbols from a baseband frequency up to a passband frequency to obtain OFDM transmission signals, wherein the mixing frequency is selected such that common phase rotations of the OFDM subcarriers of OFDM symbols with respect to adjacent OFDM symbols of the OFDM transmission signals are avoided or compensated after the mixing. Additional apparatuses and methods for avoidance or compensation of such common phase rotations are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and devices for LTE cell search with large frequency offset are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a UE divides the received signals into multiple frequency bins and transforms the signals into frequency domain through FFT. The UE performs correlating measures between the received signals and reference signals. The UE then performs an adaptive multi-try based peak selection such that the number of candidate is reduced. In one embodiment of the invention, the multi-try number is adaptively adjusted based on the channel condition. In one embodiment of the invention, the threshold of the peak selection is adaptively adjusted. In other embodiments of the invention, the UE performs non-coherent accumulation and selects a predefined number of coarse bin candidates. The number of non-coherent accumulation is adaptively adjusted. In another embodiment of the invention, the UE performs fractional frequency offset estimation and selects a fine bin candidate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for estimating frequency deviation, the method comprising: after receiving a sub-frame, transforming a downlink synchronized code of the sub-frame to a frequency domain, and performing a correlation operation between the transformed downlink synchronized code and a local frequency domain synchronized code to obtain a conjugate downlink synchronized code sequence; judging a location of a maximum value in the conjugate downlink synchronized code sequence, and calculating a frequency deviation value according to the location of the maximum value. The estimating method provided in the invention can realize a stable work with no need of a precise sampling value location, an accurate timing synchronization, or even obtaining the information for the multi-path distribution and locations.

Abstract: Communication signal processing entails generating an overall signal correlation estimate that reflects overall impairment present in a received signal before despreading. Processing further includes parametrically constructing one or more component-specific correction terms as a function of one or more component signal correlation estimates, each estimate reflecting a particular component of the overall impairment. Combining weights are derived, as a function of this overall estimate and the correction term(s), so that they exclude the contribution of the impairment component(s) to the overall impairment. These weights are used to combine signal samples in an equalization process. As the combining weights exclude the contribution of the impairment component(s) to the overall impairment, the equalization process utilizing the weights exclusively suppresses impairment that is not attributable to the component(s).

Abstract: A method of acquiring a satellite signal includes calculating a correlation result of a reception signal from a GPS satellite and a replica code using an output value of one adder-subtractor for a combination of addition and subtraction corresponding to time-series change in code values of the replica code from among a plurality of adder-subtractors for addition-subtraction of sampling values obtained by sampling the reception signal in a time series with different combinations of addition and subtraction, and acquiring the satellite signal of the GPS satellite using the correlation result.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a wireless receiver and a method for configuring the wireless receiver, comprising the actions of determining a geometry factor for a channel over which signals are transmitted to the wireless receiver, the geometry factor being a measure indicative of inter-cell interference plus noise power at the wireless receiver; determining the variance of the determined geometry factor, the variance being a measure indicative of the variation in time or rate of the geometry factor; and configuring the wireless receiver based on the geometry factor and the variance of the geometry factor.

Abstract: A method of applying an order N fast Hadamard transform (FHT) of a vector U using a mixed radix FHT in a receiver of a communication system, the N a positive integer, when receiving signals from a transmitter over a channel and generating the vector U. The method includes, in an FHT module of a decoder in the receiver, planning n stages of the mixed radix FHT, where the n is a positive integer, each stage defined by corresponding logic, decomposing the order N FHT into n low order FHTs, such that N=KnKn?1 . . . K1 and U=UKnKn?1 . . . K1, where the K is a positive integer, calculating, via the corresponding logic, each low order FHT at each stage, wherein input vectors of a subsequent stage are calculated in a proceeding stage, and reconstructing, by the decoder, calculated results of the each low order FHT to form an output vector output the decoder.

Abstract: A global positioning system (GPS) receiver that is configured to rapidly acquire GPS signals in space applications and a method for rapidly acquiring GPS signals in space applications is disclosed. In an embodiment, the GPS receiver includes, but is not limited to, a GPS signal acquisition component. The GPS signal acquisition component is adapted to acquire a GPS signal by receiving data from the GPS signal and processing the data to detect the GPS signal.

Abstract: Every k (k?2) sampling values of sampling values in a time series obtained by sampling reception signal from GPS satellite are selected, and addition-subtraction of the selected k sampling values is performed by changing the combinations of addition and subtraction. Using addition-subtraction results of a combination corresponding to time-series change in code values of a replica code from among the combinations of addition and subtraction, a correlation result of the reception signal and the replica code is calculated. The satellite signal of the GPS satellite is acquired using the correlation result.

Abstract: Techniques for use in sampling a signal of a receiver are described. In a sampling determination mode, a signal is sampled at a first sampling period for producing a sample set for each phase of the sampled signal. For each sample set, a correlation process is performed for producing a correlation result. One of the phases associated with an optimal correlation result is identified from the correlation results. In a communication mode, a received signal is sampled at a second sampling period at the phase associated with the optimal correlation result, for recovering user or signaling information from the received signal. The second sampling period is less than the first sampling period.

Abstract: Methods and receiver circuits are provided for correlating an incoming signal with PN codes. An embodiment of the method includes receiving I/Q baseband samples in the I/Q domain; converting the I/Q baseband samples to phase baseband samples; generating a pseudonoise (PN) code; converting the PN code to PN phase data; performing a correlation on the phase baseband samples using the PN phase data to generate correlated I/Q values; performing an adding operation on the correlated I/Q values to generate demodulated I/Q values; converting the demodulated I/Q values into demodulated phase values; performing a frequency correction operation on the demodulated phase values to generate frequency correction data; converting the demodulated I/Q values into demodulated magnitude values; and performing signal decoding and synchronization on the magnitude values to generate output data. The operation of performing correlation on the phase baseband samples using the PN phase data is accomplished using scalar subtraction.

Abstract: A direct-sequence spread spectrum signal receiving device may comprise a receiver unit, a chip sequence generating unit, a correlation unit, and comparison unit. The receiver unit may extract a chip stream from a radio-frequency signal, said chip stream containing a first chip sequence. The chip sequence generating unit may generate a plurality of trial chip sequences on the basis of a first trial chip sequence and on the basis of a plurality of index rotations. The correlation unit may determine a plurality of correlation values on the basis of said plurality of trial chip sequences and on the basis of said first chip sequence, each of said correlation values indicating a degree of correlation between a respective one of said trial chip sequences and said first chip sequence. The comparison unit may determine whether a maximum one of said correlation values exceeds a defined threshold value.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, are configured for receiving monitor data from an electric meter. A data stream is created based upon the monitor data. The data stream is spread with a common pseudo-noise (PN) code that is used by a plurality of nodes in communication with an access point. The spread data stream is transmitted at a first time based on a slot start time and a first randomly selected timing offset. The spread data stream is transmitted while at least a portion of a second spread data stream is transmitted at a second time based on the slot start time and a second randomly selected timing offset. The second spread data stream is spread with the common PN code.

Abstract: A receiver device for receiving a signal that comprises one or more periodic features, the receiver device comprising: a detector configured to listen to the signal during at least a first reception phase, and to be triggered when a feature of the signal is received so as to determine the time of reception of that feature; and a receiver configured to process time-limited segments of the signal so as to derive information from features of the signal received during those segments, the receiver being configured to be dependent on the detector such that after the first reception phase the timings of the time-limited segments processed by the receiver are dependent on the time of reception determined by the detector.

Abstract: A method of operation of a communication system includes: retaining an a-posteriori detector-data, a detector-extrinsic-information, an a-posteriori-decoder-data, a decoder-extrinsic-value, or a combination thereof calculated from a received signal; determining an a-priori-decoder-information or an a-priori detector-information from the a-posteriori detector-data, the detector-extrinsic-information, the a-posteriori-decoder-data, the decoder-extrinsic-value, or a combination thereof; and adjusting the a-posteriori detector-data, the detector-extrinsic-information, the a-posteriori-decoder-data, the decoder-extrinsic-value, or a combination thereof using the a-priori-decoder-information or the a-priori detector-information for communicating through a device.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to detecting a start frame delimiter. A received data packet is correlated with a known sequence, which provides a first correlation result. The received data packet is correlated with a predefined sequence, which yields at least a second correlation result. The data packet comprises at least a preamble portion and a header portion, whereby the preamble portion comprises the start frame delimiter. The predefined sequence is determined according to the preamble pattern. The method further comprises comparing the first correlation result with the second correlation result and comparing the first correlation result with a given threshold. The process of correlating will be continued until two criteria are met: the first correlation result is larger than the threshold and larger than the at least second correlation result. Only then it is decided that the start of frame delimiter pattern has been detected.

Abstract: Communication devices and methods are disclosed, wherein a test signal is generated at a first frequency and a higher harmonic of said test signal is received and processed at a second frequency higher than said first frequency.

Abstract: A receiver unit of a communication device can employ multiple correlators for decoding the access address of a packet received from another communication device. A dynamically determined primary frequency offset is applied to a phase difference signal that is determined from an RF signal that comprises the packet. For each of a plurality of access address decoding chains of the receiver unit, a secondary frequency offset associated with the access address decoding chain is applied to the phase difference signal, the phase difference signal is correlated with a predetermined access address of the communication device, and a resultant correlation output is compared against a correlation threshold. One of the access address decoding chains that generated the correlation output that is greater than the correlation threshold is selected and the packet is demodulated based, at least in part, on the phase difference signal corresponding to the selected access address decoding chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spectrum inversion detection apparatus which includes a differential correlation value computing portion, utilized to use a present and previous time axial symbols to compute differential correlation values individually corresponding to carriers; and a controlling portion, utilized to use the differential correlation values, when a spectrum inversion status flag is not at a spectrum inversion state, to compute a correlativity value of the each integer frequency displacement thereby, and when spectrum inversion status flag is at the spectrum inversion state, to determine a maximal correlativity value among all the computed correlativity values, and to decide a spectrum inversion status flag of the computed correlativity value which is determined as the maximal correlativity value thereby utilizing as a detection result signal to output.

Abstract: A method for detecting multi-path interference in a spread-spectrum signal. A variation of a first signal and a variation of a second signal is compared. The variation of the first signal corresponds to a correlation of the spread-spectrum signal and a spreading code having a first offset. The variation of the second signal corresponds to a correlation of the spread-spectrum signal and the spreading code having a second offset. Multi-path interference is detected in dependence on the comparison.

Abstract: Provided are a method for dynamically acquiring a PN synchronization of a blink signal in a reader according to a channel state when a tag transmits a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) blink signal having a predetermined period and the reader receives the blink signal in a 2.4 GHz RTLS system which complies with an ISO/IEC24730-2 standard, and a method for synchronizing a frame using a preamble.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for feeding back a correlation matrix in a multi-input multi-output system, comprising: constructing codebooks for the correlation matrix based on a conjugation nature of the correlation matrix and based on a predetermined relationship between diagonal elements and off-diagonal elements in the correlation matrix; selecting a codeword from the constructed codebook; and feeding back a corresponding index of the selected codeword in the codebook. Through the present invention, the throughput of the multi-input multi-output system can be enhanced, while reducing the encoder complexity or transfer load.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, system, and computer readable medium are provided that can utilize one or more synchronization signals to perform synchronization and resource allocation. The one or more synchronization signals can be used for synchronization, as well as include a cyclic shift that maps one or more resources for transmission.

Abstract: An intermediate symbol buffer (ISB) configuration and method is provided such that the ISB memory comprises 15 portions, one for each HSDPA spreading code. Symbols associated with a spreading code are written to the memory portion associated with the same spreading code. When a covariance calculation is performed to obtain a more accurate channel estimate, only the symbols associated with spreading codes determined to be needed for the covariance calculation are written to the ISB by a buffer block and red from the ISB by a correlation core. The symbols associated with spreading codes that are not necessary for a covariance calculation may be masked from being written or read from the ISB. In some embodiments each memory portion is an individual memory block. In other embodiments a plurality of memory blocks may contain a plurality of memory portions, one memory partition designated, at least temporarily, for each spreading code.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is a method for performing preamble detection in a wireless communication network. The method performs a first dwell, wherein non-overlapping chunks of received data are processed to generate partial correlation values for each possible combination of a signature code and delay. Candidate selection is performed by comparing each of the partial correlation values to a candidate-selection threshold. For each detected candidate, the chunks of received data are processed to generate full correlation values. Each full correlation value is then compared to a preamble-detection threshold to detect a transmitted signature. Generating full correlation values for only the selected candidates reduces the computation complexity over prior-art methods that generate full correlation values for all signatures at all delays.

Abstract: Data communication devices, methods, and systems are discussed in this application. In one embodiment, a receiving apparatus generally comprises a detector, an indicator, and a decision device. The detector can detect a number of data streams contained in a signal received on a single physical channel. Detection can be made by comparing a received signal with one or more predetermined sequences and identifying one or more of the plural predetermined sequences as being likely contained within the received signal. Each data stream can be associated with at least one predetermined sequences. The indicator can provide an indication of the data streams likely contained in the signal based on the identified sequences. A decision device can provide data defining a receiver configuration based on the indication, the receiver configuration being suitable for configuring a decoder to decode only the one or more data streams indicated as being likely contained in the signal.

Abstract: A configurable multimode despreader for spread spectrum applications is disclosed herein. The despreader includes a plurality of data lines, at least one selective coupler coupled to the plurality of data lines, at least one multiplier coupled to the selective coupler, and a code input line coupled to the multiplier. The selective coupler selectively couples one of the plurality of data lines with the multiplier per any one of a plurality of despreading protocols. The multiplier then multiplies a desired input data type received from the selective coupler with a despreading code chip received from the code input line to produce an observation. The programmable multimode despreader supports variable code and data modulation schemes and variable spreading factors.

Abstract: A method for communicating comprises generating at least one generalized Golay code from a concatenation of constituent Golay codes, and spreading at least a portion of a data stream with the at least one generalized Golay code. Generalized Golay codes comprise pseudo-complementary sequences having code lengths that differ from Golay complementary sequences and are characterized by low autocorrelation sidelobes relative to the autocorrelation peak.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently implementing a rake receiver which allows for rake receiver elements, e.g., fingers, to be dynamically assigned to antenna elements are described. In at least some embodiments multiple antennas are used. Rake elements are allocated to antennas in a dynamic manner with sets of weights also being assigned dynamically, e.g., based on channel estimates. Rake finger assignment to antenna's is made, in some embodiments, to maximize signal recovery taking into consideration the channel conditions detected by each antenna for the various delays that may be supported. Through the dynamic assignment of rake finger's to antenna's, a single rake finger may be coupled to different antennas at different times allowing for more efficient use as compared to systems where rake fingers are dedicated on a fixed basis to an individual antenna.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of determining a phase estimate for an input signal having pilot symbols. The method includes receiving a plurality of pilot symbols, and then multiplying two or more pilot symbol slots by corresponding correlator coefficients to correct a phase estimate of the input signal.

Abstract: A code generating apparatus, demodulation reference signal generating apparatus, and methods thereof. The demodulation reference signal generator includes generating a non-correlation sequence for RS of a first resource block; spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a first frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a first group of codes; second spreading spectrums of elements in the non-correlation sequence for RS to be mapped to a second frequency resource of the first resource block, by using a second group of Codes; the first and second frequency resources are adjacent frequency resources in frequency resource elements used for RS transmission in the first resource block, and the first and second groups of Codes are mirrors in column to each other; and mapping the spectrum-spread elements to the first and second frequency resources, respectively.

Abstract: Techniques for extending transmission range in a WLAN are described. In an aspect, a receiving station determines the frequency error between a transmitting station and the receiving station based on one or more initial packet transmissions and corrects this frequency error for subsequent packet transmissions received from the transmitting station. The residual frequency error is small after correcting for the frequency error and allows the receiving station to perform coherent accumulation/integration over a longer time interval to detect for a packet transmission. The longer coherent accumulation interval improves detection performance, especially at low SNRs for extended transmission range. The techniques may be used whenever the receiving station knows the identity of the transmitting station, e.g., if the subsequent packet transmissions are scheduled. Other aspects, features, and embodiments are also claimed and described.