Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, apparatus, and computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for relative timing drift correction for distributed multi-user transmissions. In one aspect, a first access point (AP) may receive a first signal from a second AP. The first signal may be associated with a channel sounding procedure to be performed substantially simultaneously by the second AP and the first AP. The first AP may then receive a second signal from the second AP, and prior to a substantially simultaneous transmission by the second AP and the first AP. The second signal may include timing information relative to the first signal. The first AP may determine a start time of the substantially simultaneous transmission at the first AP based on the timing information, and may initiate the substantially simultaneous transmission according to the determined start time.

Abstract: The present technology provides solutions that enable accurate measuring of frequency response on a network (e.g., cable network, fiber optic network) through frequency sweep testing. In various embodiments, the present technology provides a remote transmitter test unit that can be physically deployed at various points in a network. The present technology provides for on demand sweep testing. A remote transmitter test unit or headend test unit can periodically transmit a query message and, based on a response to the query message, can initiate a sweep test. The present technology provides for automatic generation of a sweep profile for a sweep test. Based on an analysis of a frequency spectrum on a network, the sweep profile provides parameters for conducting a sweep test. The present technology provides for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) table generation and OFDM sweep testing.

Abstract: Compensating for signal loss, including determining a first expected loss at a first frequency and a second expected loss at a second frequency at a receiver associated with a first lane of a PCB; calculating an expected rate of change of signal loss between the first and the second frequencies based on the first and the second expected losses; calculating a first measured loss of a first signal transmitted at the first frequency and a second measured loss of a second signal transmitted at the second frequency from a transmitter to the receiver along the first lane of the PCB; calculating a measured rate of change of signal loss between the first and second frequencies based on the first and the second measured losses; comparing the measured rate of change with the expected rate of change; compensating a gain of a signal transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver.

Abstract: A beamformee device includes processing circuitry configured to obtain channel information associated with a plurality of subcarriers based on a null data packet (NDP) received through a channel from a beamformer device, measure a variation on a frequency of the channel based on the channel information, determine a grouping size value based on the variation, select one or more first subcarriers among the plurality of subcarriers based on the grouping size value, select first channel information among the channel information based on the one or more first subcarriers, generate a beamforming feedback report based on the first channel information, and transmit the beamforming feedback report to the beamformer device.

Abstract: Described herein are photonic integrated circuits (PICs) comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) to output a signal comprising a plurality of wavelengths, a sensor to detect data associated with a power value of each wavelength of the output signal of the SOA, a filter to filter power values of one or more of the wavelengths of the output signal of the SOA, and control circuitry to control the filter to reduce a difference between a pre-determined power value of each filtered wavelength of the output signal of the SOA and the detected power value of each filtered wavelength of the output signal of the SOA.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to multiple processor nodes which are physically separate with interfaces to a common network interface. A local processor can run a timing recovery algorithm, and tune the master timer to align with the network domain to cause the master timer and network timing domains to be in the same domain. A common master timer can be used to align time stamps of independent processor nodes. A processor node can use the common master timer as a reference and the processor does not need to communicate with another processor to synchronize its timer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit may include a receiver configured to receive a first data signal based on an mth (where m is an integer of 1 or more) transmitter preset setting among a plurality of transmitter preset settings through an external link, and equalize and sample the first data signal; a receiver setting table including a plurality of combinations including values of a plurality of parameters related to the receiver; and a receiver control circuit configured to sequentially select the plurality of combinations with reference to the receiver setting table and set the plurality of parameters with the selected combinations.

Abstract: An apparatus and method: access repeated copies of an OFDM output signal produced by a device in response to corresponding repeated copies of an OFDM input signal; for each copy of the OFDM output signal, time align the OFDM output symbols to the OFDM input symbols, and de-rotate a phase of the OFDM output signal with respect to the OFDM input signal; coherently sum and average the copies of the OFDM output signal; determine a variance of each copy of the OFDM output signal, and an ensemble variance of all of the copies of the OFDM output signal; discard copies of the OFDM output signal whose variance differs from the ensemble variance by more than a threshold amount to produce a qualified set of copies; determine a mean value of the qualified set of copies; and determine a total noise power of the qualified set of copies from the mean value.

Abstract: A method includes determining a delivery performance of a data flow being transmitted from a first network equipment to a second network equipment over a network; determining whether the network is congested based on the determined delivery performance of the data flow being transmitted to the second network equipment; and pacing delivery of the data flow to the second network equipment by reducing a rate at which the data flow is delivered to the second network equipment when the network is determined to be congested.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a baseband circuit to generate a plurality of subcarriers of a complex sample of a message to be transmitted, and a compensation circuit coupled to the baseband circuit, the compensation circuit to compensate for IQ mismatch. The compensation circuit may include: a calibration circuit to determine, using a tone signal, gain correction values and phase correction values for a subset of the plurality of subcarriers; and a correction circuit to apply the gain correction values and the phase correction values to the plurality of subcarriers to compensate for the IQ mismatch.

Abstract: Lockstep comparators and related methods are described. An example apparatus includes self-test logic circuitry having first outputs, and comparator logic including selection logic having first inputs and second outputs, ones of the first inputs coupled to the first outputs, first detection logic having second inputs and third outputs, the second inputs coupled to the second outputs, second detection logic having third inputs and fourth outputs, the third inputs coupled to the third outputs, latch logic having fifth inputs and fifth outputs, the third output and the fourth output coupled to the fifth inputs, and error detection logic having sixth inputs coupled to the fifth inputs.

Abstract: A method comprises: digitizing a signal to produce a reference frame of amplitude samples in a time-domain; generating a spectrogram that includes energy content of the reference frame, represented by amplitude and phase, across frequency and time of the spectrogram; detecting regions of the spectrogram that have energy levels greater than a threshold level to produce detected regions; copying energy content from the detected regions into an energy vector; and performing an Inverse Fourier transform (IFT) based on the energy vector to transform the energy vector into in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) (IQ) samples in the time-domain.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a data processing method, apparatus, and system. This application provides a data processing method. A transmit device uses a sequence to carry data and a reference signal. The transmit device carries the two channels of data on an odd element and an even element of the sequence, respectively. The transmit device successively maps the sequence that carries the two channels of data to allocated subcarriers, and then sends the data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) manner. This application is intended to decrease cubic metric (CM)/peak-to-average ratio of a transmitted signal of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM system through sequence design and mapping of the two channels of data to subcarriers, thereby improving link quality of an entire transmission system.

Abstract: A transmission and/or reception unit is included and configured to transmit an ATTACH REQUEST message including identification information for requesting communication of a NAS message including user data to an MME in a core network, configured to receive an ATTACH ACCEPT message including identification information indicating acceptance of the communication of the NAS message from the MME, and configured to transmit the NAS message to the MME after receiving the ATTACH ACCEPT message. This provides establishment of a PDN connection for performing machine type communication in which a small data packet is transmitted at a low frequency, and a communication control method.

Abstract: A test device for detecting and measuring distance to passive intermodulation (PIM) is disclosed. The test device may comprise a receiver to receive a signal from a test point of a distributed cell site comprising a remote radio head (RRH) and a baseband unit (BBU) separated and connected via an optical feeder. The test device may also comprise a processor to detect passive intermodulation (PIM) and measure distance to the PIM (internal or external). For example, the processor may replace downlink IQ data in the signal with two-tone waveform IQ data, transmit the two-tone waveform IQ data to the RRH, and to monitor uplink spectrum to detect PIM, where the uplink spectrum may comprise uplink IQ data from the RRH. The processor may also perform uplink spectrum analysis using radio frequency (RF) monitoring, measure a time delay for the two-tone waveform and the detected PIM, and calculate a distance to the PIM based on the time delay.

Abstract: Described herein are photonic integrated circuits (PICs) comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) to output a signal comprising a plurality of wavelengths, a sensor to detect data associated with a power value of each wavelength of the output signal of the SOA, a filter to filter power values of one or more of the wavelengths of the output signal of the SOA, and control circuitry to control the filter to reduce a difference between a pre-determined power value of each filtered wavelength of the output signal of the SOA and the detected power value of each filtered wavelength of the output signal of the SOA.

Abstract: A large-scale radio frequency signal information processing and analysis system that provides advanced signal analysis for telecommunication applications, including band capacity and geographical density determinations and detection, classification, identification, and geolocation of signals across a wide range of frequencies and across broad geographical areas. The system may utilize a range of novel algorithms for bin-wise processing, Rayleigh distribution analysis, telecommunication signal classification, receiver anomaly detection, transmitter density estimation, transmitter detection and location, geolocation analysis, telecommunication activity estimation, telecommunication utilization estimation, frequency utilization estimation, and data interpolation.

Abstract: In a computing system, various components/devices communicate with each other. For example, a microprocessor may communicate with memory or may communicate with another microprocessor over a link. Various factors such as the frequency and transmission speed of a signal can distort what is being communicated over a link. The problem becomes more pronounced as the transmission speed increases. To address this problem, devices on both ends of a link can cooperate to equalize the link. Equalization involves configuring the transmitting device to alter the signal being transmitted so that certain distortions introduced during transmission are negated by the time the signal arrives at the receiving device. Given that each link can have slightly different characteristics, appropriate equalization parameters need to be ascertained for each link. Introduced herein are improved techniques for performing equalization that are quick yet provide equalization parameters that are stable even in a noisy high-speed link.

Abstract: A large-scale radio frequency signal information processing and analysis system that provides advanced signal analysis for telecommunication applications, including band capacity and geographical density determinations and detection, classification, identification, and geolocation of signals across a wide range of frequencies and across broad geographical areas. The system may utilize a range of novel algorithms for bin-wise processing, Rayleigh distribution analysis, telecommunication signal classification, receiver anomaly detection, transmitter density estimation, transmitter detection and location, geolocation analysis, telecommunication activity estimation, telecommunication utilization estimation, frequency utilization estimation, and data interpolation.

Abstract: According to methods of performing measurements to determine a distance to a passive-intermodulation (“PIM”) source, a first RF signal comprising a first frequency and a second RF signal comprising a second frequency may be applied to a device under test. A reference signal comprising a higher-order intermodulation-product of the first frequency and the second frequency may also be generated. An output signal from the device under test and the reference signal may be digitized and a calibration measurement may be applied. A phase difference between the device under test output and the reference signal may be determined. A plurality of phase differences may be determined for multiple first frequencies, and from the plurality of phase differences, a delay may be calculated, which may be multiplied by the velocity of propagation on the medium connecting the device under test to the test equipment to determine a distance to the PIM source.

Abstract: A packet monitoring apparatus includes a memory and a processor configured to capture a plurality of packets transmitted through a communication line and belonging to a first session, specify capturing time intervals between the plurality of packets, acquire, from each of the plurality of packets, a clock number of clocks generated by a transmission apparatus and counted when each of the plurality of packets is transmitted from the transmission apparatus, specify a difference of the clock numbers between each of the plurality of packets and a packet captured immediately prior to each of the plurality of packets, specify a frequency of the clock based on the specified capturing time interval and the specified difference, and specify a jitter of the capturing time intervals based on the specified capturing time interval, the specified frequency, and the specified difference.

Abstract: In a centralized radio access network, a system in a remote radio unit combines signals from multiple radios and independently attenuates uplink and downlink signals for multiple antennas connected to the multiple radios. The system includes two or more antennas; a radio set including a first analog front end configured for a first channel of a first frequency band and a second analog front end configured for a second channel of a second frequency band; and a signal combining and conditioning (SCC) unit coupled in series between the radio set and the two or more antennas. The SCC unit includes downlink passive attenuators for downlink signals from the radio set to each of the two or more antennas and uplink passive attenuators for uplink signals from each of the two or more antennas to the radio set.

Abstract: A device to process data packets for communication across PHY layers which are of different respective communication protocols. In an embodiment, the device includes a first protocol stack and a second protocol stack which are each for a PCIe™ communication protocol. The first protocol stack and a second protocol stack may interface, respectively, with a first physical (PHY) layer and a second PHY layer of the device. The first protocol stack and the second protocol stack may exchange packets to facilitate communications via both the first PHY layer and the second PHY layer. In another embodiment, the first PHY layer is for communication according to the PCIe™ communication protocol and the second PHY layer is for communication according to another, comparatively low power communication protocol.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a technique for communicating Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. In some aspects, the CSI feedback is communicated in a very high throughput (VHT) wireless communications system.

Abstract: A remote apparatus includes: a plurality of sub amplification units amplifying radio frequency (RF) signals of different frequency bands, respectively; a test signal generation unit generating test signals of a frequency band for any one sub amplification unit among the plurality of sub amplification units; a conversion unit converting intermodulation (IM) signals generated in response to the test signals into a plurality of conversion IM signals by using a conversion signal of which a frequency is swept; and a control unit determining a degree of an intermodulation distortion by the any one sub amplification unit based on signal levels of the plurality of the conversion IM signals.

Abstract: A user station for a bus system implementing broadband CAN communication includes: a communication control device for creating or reading at least one message for/from at least one further user station of the bus system, in which exclusive, collision-free access of a user station to a bus of the bus system is ensured at least intermittently; and a data interleaving device for interleaving data packets of at least two messages into a single message, so that the data packets are situated in one data segment of the single message. The single message has a shared outer frame header for the data packets in front of the data segment and a shared outer frame end for the data packets after the data segment.

Abstract: A system and method for adaptive active noise reduction measure the acoustic response for each user to adaptively adjust and customize the ANR operation using adaptive filters to correct for any differences between the measured response and a targeted response. The system and method of various embodiments incorporate a closed loop control system with a feedforward input. The acoustic measurement and adaptation procedure is performed to adapt or tune at least one of the closed loop and feedforward control loops to provide adaptive ANR customized for each user and current ambient environment.

Abstract: An integrated circuit comprises a first functional unit and one or more other functional units. The first functional unit has an input for receiving data and an output for providing data. The integrated circuit tests and operates the first functional unit. Testing comprises: connecting the input of the first functional unit to the output of the first functional unit, thereby generating a loopback path from the output of the first functional unit to the input of the first functional unit; loading a test pattern onto the first functional unit; feeding a test clock signal comprising one or more clock edges, thereby prompting the first functional unit to transform the test pattern; and reading the transformed test pattern. Operating the first functional unit comprises: connecting the input of the first functional unit to an output of the other functional units; and feeding a normal clock signal to the first functional unit.

Abstract: Rank indicator and channel quality indicator (CQI) estimation and reporting functionalities are discussed with regard to heterogeneous networks to reduce the number of inconsistent CQI estimates transmitted to an evolved node B (eNB), where the CQI is defined as inconsistent when the rank indicator, on which the CQI is conditioned, is from a different subframe type than the subframe on which the CQI is to be estimated.

Abstract: A data processing system has a system bus, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a signal processor, a memory, compression and packing units, and a debug unit. The ADC samples a baseband signal, and provides a digitized signal representative of the baseband signal the system bus. The signal processing block converts the digitized signal to a processed signal in the frequency domain. The memory is coupled to the system bus and is for storing the processed signal. The compression unit is coupled to the system bus and is for capturing the processed signal and compressing the processed signal to produce a compressed signal. The packing unit is coupled to the compression unit and is for packing the compressed signal to produce a packed signal. The debug unit is coupled to the packing unit and is for converting the compressed and packed signal to a diagnostic message. The disclosed data processing system and method provides diagnostic messages in near real-time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for efficient feedback in a wireless communication system that supports multiple antennas. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for transmitting channel status information, CSI, for a downlink transmission through uplink comprises: generating a rank indicator (RI), a first precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a second PMI anc channel quality indicator (CQI) as the CSI for the downlink transmission; and transmitting at least one of the RI, the first PMI, the second PMI and the CQI according to a predetermined order, wherein, when the RI or the first PMI is dropped, the CSI following the dropped CSI is generated based on a RI or a first PMI transmitted previously, wherein a precoding matrix used for the downlink transmission is determined based on a combination of the first PMI and the second PMI.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high speed communications are described herein. In certain aspects, the systems and methods include innovative transceiver architectures and techniques for re-timing, multiplexing, de-multiplexing and transmitting data. The systems and methods can be used to achieve reliable high-speed point-to-point communication between different electronic devices, computing devices, storage devices and peripheral devices.

Abstract: An apparatus to detect interference in wireless signals, comprising an antenna for receiving a wireless signal; and wherein the apparatus is operable to identify a dominant waveform in the received signal; subtract the dominant waveform from the received signal to create a modified received signal; and repeat the above steps, recursively substituting the modified received signal for the received signal, until all adjusted reference waveforms have been subtracted.

Abstract: A spacecraft, having a satellite receiver, that is configured so that the direction of the downlink beams transmitted from the satellite receiver depends on the location of the uplink signals transmitted from the ground and not the attitude of the spacecraft in space.

Abstract: This wiring board is provided with: a plurality of metal wires disposed upon an insulating substrate; and a transparent adhesive agent layer which is disposed upon the metal wires, and which is in direct contact with the metal wires. The metal wires include: a first metal wire which has a pulse signal supplied thereto; and a second metal wire which has a fixed electric potential applied thereto. The pulse signal has a reference level identical to the fixed electric potential, and has a pulse train in which a plurality of pulses having a pulse width of not more than 3 msec are arranged, the integral time of the pulses in a period of 600 seconds being less than 60 seconds.

Abstract: A management data area including a plurality of pulsed signals is provided in a series of pulsed signals outputted from the main station to the common data signal line, the area being different from a control/monitoring data area including data of a control data signal and data of a monitoring data signal. The substation sets random number data generated by its own station as an original number, generates pieces of comparison/collation data having a plurality of bits based on the original number, and superimposes a signal including the pieces of comparison/collation data on the management data area. The main station determines existence of address overlap of the substations based on a result of comparing the pieces of comparison/collation data complying with a predetermined rule.

Abstract: Rank indicator and channel quality indicator (CQI) estimation and reporting functionalities are discussed with regard to heterogeneous networks to reduce the number of inconsistent CQI estimates transmitted to an evolved node B (eNB), where the CQI is defined as inconsistent when the rank indicator, on which the CQI is conditioned, is from a different subframe type than the subframe on which the CQI is to be estimated.

Abstract: It is an object to provide signal processing device and method by use of wireless communication, which is capable of analyzing status of the wireless communication in detail at a later date, compressing a wireless signal such that it can be reproduced, and reproducing the compressed signal to perform its re-reception. The signal processing device includes a reception processing unit that performs reception processing of a received signal wirelessly, a signal recording unit that records the signal, a signal compression unit that compresses an information amount of the received signal, and a signal output unit that stores the received signal that has been compressed or outputs the same to an external device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a reporting allocation unit, an indicator interpretation unit and methods of operating a reporting allocation unit and an indicator interpretation unit. In one embodiment, the reporting allocation unit includes an indicator configuration module configured to provide reporting interval and offset values of corresponding rank and channel quality indicators for user equipment. The reporting allocation unit also includes a sending module configured to transmit the reporting interval and offset values to the user equipment.

Abstract: A resilient antenna disturbance detector is provided. A signal generator generates an unclonable integrity test signal. The antenna reflects a signal in response to the integrity test signal. A comparator determines whether the reflected signal matches the integrity test signal and a controller signals the disturbance of the antenna to a monitoring device if the energy level of the reflected signal is greater than a predetermined threshold and the reflected signal matches the integrity test signal. The detector provides the advantage of preventing an external receiver and transmitter from predicting and transmitting the integrity test signal to the antenna to interfere with disturbance detection. Also provided is a security system with resilient antenna disturbance detection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tilt correction method and a corresponding apparatus for correcting tilt of RF signals in a wanted channel having a predetermined frequency range, in a signal path of a communication equipment, wherein the RF signals are down-converted to an intermediate frequency of an IF domain. The method comprises the steps of: providing a predetermined RF signal having a particular frequency to the signal path, detecting an output signal in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain and outputting a detection result, repeating the providing step and the detecting step for plural RF signals of different frequencies within the channel frequency range, determining the tilt of the RF signals in the frequency range by comparing the detection results, and correcting the tilt to obtain a minimized tilt of the wanted channel depending upon the determined tilt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an envelope are provided. The method and apparatus may detect an envelope of a modulating signal based on a low calculation complexity and a simple circuit configuration, by detecting an envelope for a plurality of sampling signals with equal time intervals.

Abstract: A method for calibrating mismatches of an in-phase signal path and a quadrature signal path of a transmitter, including: additionally configuration at least one mixer calibration coefficient at a transmitting part of the transmitter; obtaining at least one mixer testing signal from the transmitting part via loopback for spectrum analysis to derive at least one mixer spectrum analysis result; adjusting the mixer calibration coefficient of the transmitting part according to the mixer spectrum analysis result; and additionally utilizing an in-phase signal path finite impulse response filter and a quadrature signal path finite impulse response filter to calibrate mismatches between a low pass filter of the in-phase signal path of the transmitting part of the transmitter and a low pass filter of the quadrature signal path of the transmitting part of the transmitter. A similar mismatch calibration operation may be applied to a receiver.

Abstract: An impedance tuner system, usable in a measurement system including at least one measurement system device, the tuner system comprising the impedance tuner having a signal transmission line, and an impedance-varying system coupled to the transmission line, and responsive to command signals to selectively vary the impedance presented by the impedance tuner. An impedance tuner controller is configured to generate the command signals, and wherein measurement device drivers and at least one of characterization, calibration and measurement algorithms are embedded into the tuner controller, the tuner controller configured to allow a user to control execution of said at least one of the characterization, calibration and measurement algorithms using the tuner controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of synchronizing pulsed wireless communication between a first transceiver and a second transceiver. It includes the steps of transmitting a pulse signal from a first transceiver to a second transceiver; transmitting a reflection signal from the second transceiver to the first transceiver if the transmitted pulse signal is received at the second transceiver within an active reception period of the second transceiver; and detecting the reflection pulse to determine synchronization between the first transceiver and the second transceiver. Embodiments of the invention also relate to an apparatus for carrying out the method. In one embodiment, the reflection signal is generated by a super-regenerative oscillator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the location of passive intermodulation faults in a coaxial cable network. The test apparatus (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention utilizes a pair of high-power, frequency-synthesized, unmodulated RF carriers v1(t) (101) and v2(t) (102) are generated inside the HPA module of the apparatus. The power and frequency of v1(t) (101) and v2(t) (102) can be independently set to a range of values, v1(t), v2(t) are combined inside the instrument and then applied to the input of the device under test (DUT). The PIM signals (107,108,109) generated in the DUT are combined to produce the primary PIM signal vIM(t) (103). The apparatus also includes two receivers (110,111, 112,113,114,115) for the detection of vIM(t) 103 and vREF(t) (104). These signals are downconverted to 455 kHz.

Abstract: A receiver is provided that receives signals from a device under test (DUT) for one or more modes of operation. For each mode, the system detects beacon transmission signals from the DUT, and counts the number of beacons for a period of time. If the count is not consistent with an expected count, e.g. a stored value, the system may preferably provide an output to indicate that there is a problem with the DUT. If the count is consistent with the expected count, the system may preferably perform further testing for other modes of operation. If the count output of the DUT is consistent with expected counts over each of the operation modes, the system may provide an indication that the DUT has passed the beacon tests.

Abstract: To detect a victim signal in an ultra wideband communication system, fast Fourier transform of a received signal including a plurality of time symbols is performed to generate a signal including a plurality of frequency symbols, it is determined whether a first signal is present in a first region of the signal, and if a first signal is present, the first signal is detected as a first victim signal. Next, an error signal is generated based on the signal including the plurality of frequency symbols, it is determined whether a second signal is present in a second region of the error signal, and if a second signal is present, the second signal is detected as a second victim signal.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery circuit with built in jitter tolerance test is disclosed. Imposing jitter on a filter inside a CDR loop to cause phase disturbances to the clock and data recovery circuit, thereby to test the jitter tolerance of the clock and data recovery circuit. Accordingly, IC test cost is significantly reduced by increasing few circuit sizes.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a number of base stations capable of communicating with a plurality of subscriber stations. The base station coordinates transmission of resource blocks with a transmission of resource blocks from a second base station. The resource blocks include at least one reference signal (RS) patterns. In addition, base station punctures a plurality of resource elements in the resource blocks that might overlap with one of the CRS patterns in another resource block transmitted by the second base station such that no data is transmitted in the plurality of punctured resource elements. The subscriber station receives the resource blocks from at least two base stations and can avoid reading data from the resource elements that might overlap.