Abstract: Methods and systems may provide for invoking instances of a hardware video encoder, wherein the instances include a first encoder instance and a second encoder instance. Additionally, the first encoder instance may be used to make a scene change determination and a motion level determination with respect to the video content. In one example, the second encoder instance is used to encode the video content based on the scene change determination and the motion level determination.

Abstract: A sequence of enhanced dynamic range (EDR) images and a sequence of standard dynamic range images are encoded using a backwards-compatible SDR high-definition (HD) base layer and one or more enhancement layers. The EDR and SDR video signals may be of the same resolution (e.g., HD) or at different resolutions (e.g., 4K and HD) and are encoded using a dual-view-dual-layer (DVDL) encoder to generate a coded base layer (BL) and a coded enhancement layer (EL). The DVDL encoder includes a reference processing unit (RPU) which is adapted to compute a reference stream based on the coded BL stream. The RPU operations include post-processing, normalization, inverse normalization, and image registration. Decoders for decoding the coded BL and EL streams to generate a backwards compatible 2D SDR stream and additional 2D or 3D SDR or EDR streams, are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method determines a block of a current picture and a prediction type associated with the block. Also, the method determines one of a first list of reference pictures and a second list of reference pictures for the block. An encoder or a decoder selects the one of the first list of reference pictures or the second list of reference pictures implicitly without communication of information between the encoder and the decoder indicating which of the first list of reference pictures or the second list of reference pictures was selected. Then, the method sets a reference picture in the selected one of the first list of reference pictures and the second list of reference pictures as a collocated picture for the block. The selected reference picture is used in a temporal prediction process for the block.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus involve an original data stream arranged as a plurality of symbols. Of those symbols, all possible tuples are identified and the highest or most frequently occurring tuple is determined. A new symbol is created and substituted for each instance of the highest occurring tuple, which results in a new data stream. The new data stream is encoded and its size determined. Also, a size of a dictionary carrying all the original and new symbols is determined. The encoding size, the size of the dictionary and sizes of any other attendant overhead is compared to a size of the original data to see if compression has occurred, and by how much. Upon reaching pre-defined objectives, compression ceases. Decompression occurs oppositely. Other features include resolving ties between equally occurring tuples, path weighted Huffman coding, storing files, decoding structures, and computing arrangements and program products, to name a few.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a projection-aware compression, which may be used on image data such as, for example, spherical image data. The compression may be considered to be non-uniform in a sense that the compression need not be uniformly applied, but may be applied to image data as a function of latitude information associated with the image data.

Abstract: An apparatus and corresponding method for fast motion estimation with multiple reference pictures are provided, where an exemplary video encoder for encoding video signal data for an image block relative to multiple reference pictures includes a fast motion estimator for providing motion vectors corresponding to one of the reference pictures, including a scene detection portion for performing fast motion estimation while excluding reference pictures that fall across a scene change; and where a corresponding method for encoding video signal data for an image block having multiple reference pictures includes receiving a substantially uncompressed image block, detecting a scene change, excluding reference pictures that fall across the scene change, and computing motion vectors corresponding to a difference between the image block and one of the plurality of reference pictures.

Abstract: A method and system for predicting a moving picture to be implemented in an encoder is provided. The system includes a plurality of reference picture memory areas for storing reference pictures to be used for prediction and a prediction generation section that includes a motion compensator and memory updater. The motion compensator receives a parameter representing the motion between an image to be predicted and a reference picture stored in the reference picture memory area and a parameter representing the reference picture memory area to be used for prediction, and generates a predicted image by using the reference picture stored in the reference picture memory area indicated by the parameter representing the reference picture memory area. The memory updater carries out dynamic allocation of reference picture memory areas required for prediction and judges whether to store new reference pictures additionally.

Abstract: A computing system obtains a respective motion vector for each of a series of motion event candidates in real-time as said each motion event candidate is detected in a live video stream. In response to receiving the respective motion vector for each of the series of motion event candidates, the computing system determines a spatial relationship between the respective motion vector of said each motion event candidate to one or more existing clusters established based on a plurality of previously processed motion vectors, and in accordance with a determination that the respective motion vector of a first motion event candidate of the series of motion event candidates falls within a respective range of at least a first existing cluster of the one or more existing clusters, assigns the first motion event candidate to at least a first event category associated with the first existing cluster.

Abstract: The maximum block size associated with predicting blocks in frames of video data is adaptively determined. The distribution of optimal prediction block sizes associated with one or more existing frames of video data is identified, and a candidate maximum prediction block size is identified (e.g., based on the most prevalent prediction block size in the distribution of prediction block sizes). A variable associated with the level of use of blocks having the candidate maximum prediction block size is compared with thresholds associated with the current maximum prediction block size. If the level of use is between upper and lower thresholds, the next maximum prediction block size set equal to the current maximum prediction block size. If the level of use is greater or less than the upper or lower thresholds, respectively, the next maximum block size is set to the current maximum prediction block size plus or minus one block size and bounded by the largest and smallest prediction block sizes of the encoder.

Abstract: A motion compensation module can be used in a video encoder for encoding a video input signal that includes a sequence of images that are segmented into a plurality of macroblocks. The motion compensation module includes a shared memory and a motion search module that generates a motion search motion vector for a plurality of subblocks for a plurality of partitionings of a macroblock of a plurality of macroblocks and generates a selected group of the plurality of partitionings and stores the selected group of partitionings and the corresponding motion search motion vectors in the shared memory.

Abstract: A first vector predictor candidate list generating unit generates a first motion vector predictor candidate list from motion vectors of encoded neighboring blocks to blocks to be encoded. A second vector predictor candidate list generating unit generates a second motion vector predictor candidate list from motion vectors of blocks at the same positions as the blocks to be encoded in an encoded image and neighboring blocks to the blocks at the same positions. A combination determining unit determines whether to generate a third vector predictor candidate list combining the first and second vector predictor candidate lists by comparison of a block size of the blocks to be encoded and a threshold size. A vector predictor candidate list deciding unit generates the third vector predictor candidate list from the first vector predictor candidate list.

Abstract: FEC (Forward Error Correction) decoder with dynamic parameters. A novel means by which FEC parameters may be encoded into, and subsequently extracted from, a signal stream to allow for adaptive changing of any 1 or more operational parameters that govern communications across a communication channel. FEC parameters are encoded directly into a data frame such that the data frame is treated identical to all other data frames within the signal stream. When the data frame actually includes FEC parameters, it is characterized as a CP (Control Packet) type. For example, when decoding an MPEG stream, an MPEG block that includes FEC parameters, that MPEG block is characterized as a CP MPEG block. The means by which FEC parameters are encoded and extracted from the signal stream allows for much easier adaptive modification of the manner by which signal are encoded, modulated, and processed within a communication system.

Abstract: Techniques for performing rate control for encoding of video frames are provided. A first timestamp that indicates a prior video frame capture time and a second timestamp that indicates a current video frame capture time are received. A time difference between these timestamps is determined. An average video data bit encoding rate is multiplied by the determined time difference to calculate a bit budget. An indication of a number of encoded video data bits of the prior video frame and of any further video frames encoded subsequent to the prior video frame and prior to the current video frame is received. A virtual buffer fill level is adjusted based on a difference between the indicated number of encoded video bits and the calculated bit budget. A quantizer parameter is adjusted based on the adjusted virtual buffer fill level. The current video frame is encoded according to the adjusted quantizer parameter.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to selecting an inter frame candidate for encoding. In particular, one or more previous motion vectors for a current block and a zero valued motion vector are selected. At least one of the one or more previously determined motion vectors is generated for a neighboring block in a current frame. Additionally, an estimated motion vector is determined based at least in part on a sum of absolute difference (SAD) calculation and a penalty value. A cost value for each of the one or more previous motion vectors, the zero valued motion vector and the estimated motion vector are calculated based at least in part on a sum of squared differences (SSD) calculation. Accordingly, a motion vector with a lowest cost value is selected from the one or more previous motion vectors, the zero motion vector and the estimated motion vector as an inter frame candidate for encoding.

Abstract: A code amount control method used in a video encoding method for performing code amount control by estimating a generated code amount for an encoding target picture. The control method includes steps of computing a feature value of the encoding target picture and stores the value into a storage device; extracting a feature value of a previously-encoded picture stored in the storage device and used for generated code amount estimation; comparing the feature values of the encoding target picture and the previously-encoded picture; and a step performed according to a result of the comparison. If it is determined that difference between both feature values is larger than a predetermined criterion value, the amount of code generated for the encoding target picture is estimated using no result of encoding of the previously-encoded picture, and otherwise the relevant generated code amount is estimated based on a result of the encoding.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of using content information for encoding multimedia data are described. A method of processing multimedia data includes classifying content of multimedia data, and encoding the multimedia data in a first data group and in a second data group based on the content classification. The first and second groups are associated with quality levels. A user can request a target quality level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing hybrid multihypothesis prediction during video coding of a coding unit includes: processing a plurality of sub-coding units in the coding unit; and performing disparity vector (DV) derivation when the coding unit is processed by a 3D or multi-view coding tool or performing block vector (BV) derivation when the coding unit is processed by intra picture block copy (IntraBC) mode. The step of performing DV or BV derivation includes deriving a plurality of vectors for multihypothesis motion-compensated prediction of a specific sub-coding unit from at least one other sub-coding/coding unit. The one other sub-coding/coding unit is coded before the corresponding DV or BV is derived for multihypothesis motion-compensated prediction of the specific sub-coding unit. A linear combination of a plurality of pixel values derived from the plurality of vectors is used as a predicted pixel value of the specific sub-coding unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approach for delivering visual content that improves network bandwidth utilizations. The visual data is separated into multiple categories, where the data for different categories are delivered using different bandwidth utilizations schemes. A first category of the data is delivered at a higher frame rate than the frame rate for a second category of the data.

Abstract: A moving image encoding apparatus, which divides moving image data into a plurality of sub-data, encodes the sub-data in parallel by using a plurality of encoders, and thereafter splices the resulting encoded sub-bitstream data into a single bitstream, includes a convergence target deriving function for determining a target value for a first amount of buffer occupancy so that the first amount of buffer occupancy at a point in time at which data corresponding to a last picture contained in first sub-bitstream data is removed from a first hypothetical buffer does not drop below a second amount of buffer occupancy which represents the amount of space that second sub-bitstream data occupies in a second hypothetical buffer at that point in time.

Abstract: A method for encoding an intra prediction mode according to the present invention selects an intra prediction mode for a current block, determines the number of valid MPM candidates by checking the validity of MPM candidates of the current block, and if the number of valid MPM candidates is less than a previously set number, adds additional intra prediction modes as MPM candidates. MPM candidates can be adaptively added on the basis of the directionality of valid MPM candidates. Additionally, during the encoding of residual intra prediction modes, residual intra prediction modes are realigned on the basis of the directionality of valid MPM candidates. Accordingly, the present invention allows the information for encoding the intra prediction mode of the current block to be minimized by adding MPM candidates or realigning the residual intra prediction modes on the basis of the directionality of valid MPM candidates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a prediction method adopting in-loop filtering. According to the present invention, a prediction method for encoding and decoding video comprises the following steps: generating a residual block of the current block through an inverse quantization and inverse transform; generating a prediction block of the current block through an intra-prediction; performing in-loop filtering on the current block in which the residual block and the prediction block are combined; and storing the current block, on which the in-loop filtering is performed, in a frame buffer for an intra-prediction of the next block to be encoded. As described above, prediction is performed using an in-loop filter during processes for encoding and decoding video, thereby improving the accuracy of prediction and reducing errors in prediction, thus improving the efficiency of video compression and reducing the amount of data to be transmitted.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding a motion vector. The method of encoding a motion vector includes: selecting a mode from among a first mode in which information indicating a motion vector predictor of at least one motion vector predictor is encoded and a second mode in which information indicating generation of a motion vector predictor based on pixels included in a previously encoded area adjacent to a current block is encoded; determining a motion vector predictor of the current block according to the selected mode and encoding information about the motion vector predictor of the current block; and encoding a difference vector between a motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block.

Abstract: A method for context-modeling coding information of a video signal for compressing or decompressing the coding information is provided. An initial value of a function for probability coding of coding information of a video signal of an enhanced layer is determined based on coding information of a video signal of a base layer.

Abstract: A video encoder/decoder device, method, and computer program product combine to enhance entropy encoding by using different calculation approaches for assessing costs of using different encoding modes for a video encoding. Moreover, frames in a sequence, and/or sub-frames within a frame may have lowest cost coding modes selected using different cost calculation approaches. One exemplary cost calculation is SAD and another is SSD. A net effect is better subjective video quality for a given bitrate, with reduced encoder complexity, especially when recognizing the lesser amount of computational resources required to support SAD as opposed to SSD.

Abstract: A method for representing a video sequence including a time sequence of input video frames, the input video frames including some common scene content that is common to all of the input video frames and some dynamic scene content that changes between at least some of the input video frames. Affine transform are determined to align the common scene content in the input video frames. A common video frame including the common scene content is determined by forming a sparse combination of a first basis functions. A dynamic video frame is determined for each input video frame by forming a sparse combination of a second basis functions, wherein the dynamic video frames can be combined with the respective affine transforms and the common video frame to provide reconstructed video frames.

Abstract: A method for determining a scene boundary location dividing a first scene and a second scene in an input video sequence. The scene boundary location is determined responsive to a merit function value, which is a function of the candidate scene boundary location. The merit function value for a particular candidate scene boundary location is determined by representing the dynamic scene content for the input video frames before and after candidate scene boundary using sparse combinations of a set of basis functions, wherein the sparse combinations of the basis functions are determined by finding a sparse vector of weighting coefficients for each of the basis functions. The weighting coefficients determined for each of the input video frames are combined to determine the merit function value. The candidate scene boundary providing the smallest merit function value is designated to be the scene boundary location.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an intra prediction method and apparatus and an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus using the same. The disclosure provides the intra prediction apparatus that predicts the pixel values of respective pixels in a current block by weight-averaging the pixel values of one or more adjacent pixels in neighboring blocks to the current block according to the distances between each pixel in the current block and the adjacent pixel(s). According to the disclosure, the current block to be encoded can be predicted more accurately so that the encoding efficiency is improved by reducing the difference between the original block and the predicted block, and thereby video compression efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A prediction unit (PU) of a coding unit (CU) is split into two or more sub-PUs including a first sub-PU and a second sub-PU. A first motion vector of a first type is obtained for the first sub-PU and a second motion vector of the first type is obtained for the second sub-PU. A third motion vector of a second type is obtained for the first sub-PU and a fourth motion vector of the second type is obtained for the second sub-PU, such that the second type is different than the first type. A first portion of the CU corresponding to the first sub-PU is coded according to advanced residual prediction (ARP) using the first and third motion vectors. A second portion of the CU corresponding to the second sub-PU is coded according to ARP using the second and fourth motion vectors.

Abstract: A method for context-modeling coding information of a video signal for compressing or decompressing the coding information is provided. An initial value of a function for probability coding of coding information of a video signal of an enhanced layer is determined based on coding information of a video signal of a base layer.

Abstract: A moving picture coding method includes: coding a coding target block using a motion vector; generating motion vector predictors; and coding the motion vector using one of the motion vector predictors generated in the generating of the motion vector predictors. In the generating of the motion vector predictors, a replacement vector which replaces a temporal motion vector predictor is added to the motion vector predictors when it is impossible to obtain the temporal motion vector predictor from a block which is included in a coded picture different from the coding target picture and corresponds to the coding target block.

Abstract: A more efficient way of enabling scalability in terms of pixel value resolution is achieved by temporally predicting a first and a second representation of a video material separately to each other with the first representation being of a lower pixel value resolution than the second representation, with mapping the first prediction residual or a reconstructed version thereof from the first pixel value resolution to the second pixel value resolution dependent on the second prediction signal obtained from temporally predicting the second representation, and by coding a second prediction residual being of the second pixel value resolution as representing a deviation between a combination of the second and third prediction signals and the second representation.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: detect, based on a reduced image of a target frame and a reduced image of a reference frame, a first motion vector of a target block divided from the target frame, set a search range including a pixel row in the target frame and parallel to the pixel row corresponding to a first pixel component that is specified by the first motion vector and substantially perpendicular to an edge direction of a block in the reference frame, calculate, for each of second pixel components corresponding to the first pixel component in the search range, an evaluation value representing a difference of a pixel value between the first pixel component and the second pixel component, and correct the first motion vector based on the evaluation value of each of the second pixel components.

Abstract: An example video coding device is configured to compare an inter-view predicted motion vector candidate (IPMVC) to a motion vector inheritance (MVI) candidate, where the IPMVC and the MVI candidate are each associated with a block of video data in a dependent depth view, and where the IPMVC is generated from a corresponding block of video data in a base depth view. The video coding device may be further configured to perform one of adding the IPMVC to a merge candidate list based on the IPMVC being different from the MVI candidate, or omitting the IPMVC from the merge candidate list based on the IPMVC being identical to the MVI candidate.

Abstract: In general, techniques of this disclosure are related to determining a prediction characteristic associated with a coding unit of video data, wherein determining the prediction characteristic includes determining a prediction type that defines a number of prediction units associated with the coding unit. Techniques of this disclosure may also be related to generating a set of available intra-prediction modes for the coding unit based on the prediction characteristic, selecting an intra-prediction mode from the available intra-prediction modes, and applying one of the available intra-prediction modes to code the coding unit.

Abstract: Aspects include systems and methods of improving processing in an encoder in a multimedia transmission system. Multimedia data may include one or more of motion video, audio, still images, or any other suitable type of audio-visual data. Aspects include an apparatus and method of encoding video data. For example, an apparatus and method of reduced reference frame search in video encoding is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image display apparatus capable of reducing a judder and simultaneously weakening the degree of reducing the judder at the time of converting frame rate of a film signal using motion compensation. At the time of converting frame rate of a video signal by adding N (N: integer of 2 or larger) interpolation frames into between original frames neighboring each other along time base obtained from video images in original frames by using motion compensation so that interpolation positions of the video images in the N interpolation frames are set to a deviated position which is closer to the nearest video image in the original frames rather than positions obtained by equally dividing, into (N+1) portions, magnitude of video image motion between an earlier original frame and a following original frame along the time base.

Abstract: With use of a simplified program or calculating device for motion compensation, a video decoding device decodes video data compressed by motion detection operations on macroblock units, as in the MPEG-4AVC standard. The video decoding device splits compressed data blocks of the prescribed size, 16×16 pixels for instance, to generate sub-blocks, which are smaller than the blocks and on which the video decoding device is able to execute motion compensation operations. The video decoding device duplicates a motion vector assigned to a given block to generate as many motion vectors as there are sub-blocks in the given block, and executes motion compensation on each sub-block using the corresponding duplicate motion vector. Data resulting from the motion compensation operation on each sub-block is combined to obtain a target block corresponding to the given block.

Abstract: Motion estimation is the science of predicting the current frame in a video sequence from the past frame (or frames), by slicing it into rectangular blocks of pixels, and matching these to past such blocks. The displacement in the spatial position of the block in the current frame with respect to the past frame is called the motion vector. This method of temporally decorrelating the video sequence by finding the best matching blocks from past reference frames—motion estimation—makes up about 80% or more of the computation in a video encoder. In this patent disclosure, we define a method of searching only a very sparse subset of possible displacement positions (or motion vectors) among all possible ones, to see if we can get a good enough match, and terminate early. This sparse subset of motion vectors is preselected using prior knowledge and extensive testing on video sequences.

Abstract: A method for decoding an image according to the present invention comprises the steps of: restoring a residual block by performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation for the entropy-decoded residual block; generating a prediction block by performing intra prediction for a current block; and restoring an image by adding the restored residual block to the prediction block, wherein the step of generating the prediction block further comprises a step for generating a final prediction value of a pixel to be predicted, on the basis of a first prediction value of the pixel to be predicted, which is included in the current block, and of a fmal correction value that is calculated by performing an arithmetic right shift by a binary digit I for a two's complement integer representation with respect to an initial correction value of the pixel to be predicted. The operational complexity during image encoding/decoding can be reduced.

Abstract: An image region is identified by forming difference-image pixel values from the chosen image and at least one other image in the image sequence and accumulating those difference-image pixel values horizontally and vertically. Co-located horizontal and vertical accumulations are combined and utilised in identifying the region.

Abstract: A picture coding apparatus includes a motion vector estimation unit and a motion compensation unit. The motion vector estimation unit selects one method for deriving a motion vector of a block to be motion-compensated, depending on a motion vector of a block located in a corner of a decoded macroblock from among a group of blocks that compose the decoded macroblock corresponding to the current macroblock to be coded and determines the motion vector derived by the selected method for derivation to be a candidate of the motion vector of the current macroblock to be coded. The motion compensation unit generates a predictive image of the block to be motion-compensated based on the estimated motion vector.

Abstract: A method of temporal prediction using motion estimation is implemented in a sequence of digital images, in the context of coding in a bitstream comprising at least first and second layers linked to each other in a chosen hierarchical relationship of scalability. Provision is made for constructing at least one set of reference pixels for the temporal prediction on the basis of information from a prediction image of the second layer and complementary information from an image of the first layer corresponding temporally to the prediction image. For each block of the current group of the image of the current second layer, a search is made for at least one block of the reference set of pixels so constructed that is suitable for the temporal prediction; and at least one corresponding motion vector is determined.

Abstract: Methods for processing of video sequences that may contain telecined (3:2 pull down) frame sequences are provided. A method for detecting 3:2 pull down is provided that measures vertical detail in frames of a video sequence and uses the variation in vertical detail over time to decide whether the video sequence contains normal interlace content or 3:2 pull down content. A method for improving the compression of detected 3:2 pull down content is also provided that controls the selection of field or frame coding mode for frames of 3:2 pull down content and the selection of reference fields for encoding duplicated fields in the 3:2 pull down content.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for prediction of pixel values in an image decoder. In an image decoder, a reference vector which is provided by an image encoder is provided 500. An initiation region of pixels is determined 502, which corresponds to a reference region of pixels at the image encoder. The initiation region is spatially displaced in relation to the prediction region according to the reference vector, and a part of the initiation region overlaps a part of the prediction region. Pixel values are assigned 504 to pixels of the prediction region, whose corresponding pixel values in the initiation region are known. Pixel values of the overlapping region of the initiation region are assigned 506 to the corresponding pixels in the prediction region, the pixel values being assigned 504.

Abstract: A motion picture coding apparatus divides an image into plural blocks and codes the image; determines a coding mode to be used for each of the blocks; determines, for coefficients of each of the plural blocks coded in the determined coding mode, a position for which coefficients in the block are replaced by “0” based on rate information; determines whether a to-be-processed block is a first block for which referring to pixel values of an upward adjacent block is not allowed; changes, for coefficients of a block of DC components after orthogonal transformation or quantization in the block determined as the first block, the determined position to a position at which the number of coefficients to be replaced by “0” is reduced; and replaces coefficients of the block of DC components after orthogonal transformation or quantization in the block determined as the first block based on the changed position.

Abstract: A method, a system and a computer device for initiating bi-directional compression of a video stream in a packet switched network, based on delay tolerance of a service or application. A video frame recompression (VFR) utility determines an end-to-end (E2E) delay tolerance retrieved from a Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) report. The VFR utility then determines the actual expected delay based on a deep inspection of packet headers. The VFR utility utilizes a processing opportunity delay (which determines whether the E2E delay tolerance is greater than the actual expected delay) to reprocess video content comprising Intra-coded (I) pictures/frames and Predicted (P) frames to improve compression efficiency. The VFR utility may also utilize a complexity ratio which is a ratio of the I-Frame rate and the P-Frame rate to select frames for compression. The VFR utility recompresses video content by replacing P-Frames with B-Frames.

Abstract: A video encoding method and apparatus and a video decoding method and apparatus. In the video encoding method, a first predicted coding unit of a current coding unit that is to be encoded is produced, a second predicted coding unit is produced by changing a value of each pixel of the first predicted coding unit by using each pixel of the first predicted coding unit and at least one neighboring pixel of each pixel, and the difference between the current coding unit and the second predicted coding unit is encoded, thereby improving video prediction efficiency.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding a motion vector. The method of encoding a motion vector includes: selecting a mode from among a first mode in which information indicating a motion vector predictor of at least one motion vector predictor is encoded and a second mode in which information indicating generation of a motion vector predictor based on pixels included in a previously encoded area adjacent to a current block is encoded; determining a motion vector predictor of the current block according to the selected mode and encoding information about the motion vector predictor of the current block; and encoding a difference vector between a motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding a motion vector. The method of encoding a motion vector includes: selecting a mode from among a first mode in which information indicating a motion vector predictor of at least one motion vector predictor is encoded and a second mode in which information indicating generation of a motion vector predictor based on pixels included in a previously encoded area adjacent to a current block is encoded; determining a motion vector predictor of the current block according to the selected mode and encoding information about the motion vector predictor of the current block; and encoding a difference vector between a motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor of the current block.

Abstract: Adjacent blocks are identified in an image. Coding parameters for the adjacent blocks are identified. Deblock filtering between the identified adjacent blocks is skipped if the coding parameters for the identified adjacent blocks are similar and not skipped if the coding parameters for the identified adjacent blocks are substantially different.