Abstract: In various embodiments, an encoder comparison application compares the performance of different configured encoders. In operation, the encoder comparison application generates a first global convex hull of video encode points based on a first configured encoder and a set of subsequences included in a source video sequence. Each video encode point is associated with a different encoded version of the source video sequence. The encoder comparison application also generates a second global convex hull of video encode points based on a second configured encoder and the subsequences. Subsequently, the encoder configuration application computes a performance value for an encoding comparison metric based on the first global convex hull and the second global convex hull. Notably, the first performance value estimates a difference in performance between the first configured encoder and the second configured encoder.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for video coding. Video data comprising a chroma component and a luma component is received. Luma samples are extracted from the luma component of the received video data. The chroma component is filtered based on the extracted luma samples using a cross-component adaptive loop filter (CC-ALF). Coefficients associated with the CC-ALF are constrained to be less than a sum of a bit-depth value associated with the luma samples and a positive offset value.

Abstract: An improvement in coding efficiency is achieved through restrictions on successive divisions of asymmetric splitting in advanced video coding algorithms, which frequently rely on splitting of a block of video data prior to coding using several transform sizes. Successive divisions of asymmetric splitting are forbidden if an equivalent split can be attained using triple splitting. In an embodiment, a video block is split using successive splits, but the second type of split is dependent on the first type of split.

Abstract: A method and device for deriving at least one motion information predictor for encoding of an image portion by motion compensation. At least two distinct first and second subsets of motion information predictors of a first set of motion information predictors are provided. Processing of the first subset of motion information predictors and processing of the second subset of motion information predictors is performed to obtain a final set of motion information predictors usable for predicting said image portion from the reference image portion. Processing of the second subset may comprise removing duplicates from among the motion information predictors of said second subset, and may be performed so as to exclude temporal predictors. At least part of the processing of the second subset of motion information predictors may be performed concurrently with at least part of the processing of the first subset of motion information predictors.

Abstract: A method and device for deriving at least one motion information predictor for encoding of an image portion by motion compensation. At least two distinct first and second subsets of motion information predictors of a first set of motion information predictors are provided. Processing of the first subset of motion information predictors and processing of the second subset of motion information predictors is performed to obtain a final set of motion information predictors usable for predicting said image portion from the reference image portion. Processing of the second subset may comprise removing duplicates from among the motion information predictors of said second subset, and may be performed so as to exclude temporal predictors. At least part of the processing of the second subset of motion information predictors may be performed concurrently with at least part of the processing of the first subset of motion information predictors.

Abstract: A method and device for deriving at least one motion information predictor for encoding of an image portion by motion compensation. At least two distinct first and second subsets of motion information predictors of a first set of motion information predictors are provided. Processing of the first subset of motion information predictors and processing of the second subset of motion information predictors is performed to obtain a final set of motion information predictors usable for predicting said image portion from the reference image portion. Processing of the second subset may comprise removing duplicates from among the motion information predictors of said second subset, and may be performed so as to exclude temporal predictors. At least part of the processing of the second subset of motion information predictors may be performed concurrently with at least part of the processing of the first subset of motion information predictors.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing telemetry data that contains multiple data types is disclosed. Optimum multimodal encoding approaches can be used which can achieve data-specific compression performance for heterogeneous datasets by distinguishing data types and their characteristics at real-time and applying most effective compression method to a given data type. Using an optimum encoding diagram for heterogeneous data, a data classification algorithm classifies input data blocks into predefined categories, such as Unicode, telemetry, RCS and IR for telemetry datasets, and a class of unknown which includes non-studied data types, and then assigns them into corresponding compression models.

Abstract: In a picture coding device, a significant coefficient information coding controller 706 and an arithmetic encoder 701 code significant difference coefficient information indicating that a difference coefficient value is not zero and significant for each of the difference coefficients in the partial region of the coding target. A difference coefficient value coding controller 707 and the arithmetic encoder 701 code difference coefficient values when significant difference coefficient information is significant for each of pixels in the partial region of the coding target. The significant coefficient information coding controller 706 decides a context for coding the significant difference coefficient information in the partial region of the coding target based on information indicating significance of the difference coefficient in the coded partial region.

Abstract: A more efficient way of addressing different bit-depths, or different bit-depths and chroma sampling format requirements is achieved by using a low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation for providing a respective base layer data stream representing this low bit-depth and/or low-chroma resolution representation as well as for providing a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation so that a respective prediction residual may be encoded in order to obtain a higher bit-depth and/or higher chroma resolution representation. By this measure, an encoder is enabled to store a base-quality representation of a picture or a video sequence, which can be decoded by any legacy decoder or video decoder, together with an enhancement signal for higher bit-depth and/or reduced chroma sub-sampling, which may be ignored by legacy decoders or video decoders.

Abstract: A receiver includes a tunable receiving chain, configured to receive a subframe header when tuned to a first receiving bandwidth; a decoder, configured to decode an allocation information from the subframe header, the allocation information indicating an allocation of a plurality of resource blocks in the subframe; and a controller, configured to derive a second receiving bandwidth from the allocation information and to tune the receiving chain to the second receiving bandwidth.

Abstract: A method comprising: encoding an input picture sequence into a first bitstream (1000), said encoding comprising: encoding a first input picture into first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein one of said two coded pictures is a first shared coded picture (1000a); encoding a first set of input pictures into a first set of coded pictures of the first bitstream, following in decoding order the first two coded pictures of the first bitstream, wherein any picture subsequent to the first shared coded picture in decoding order is not predicted from any picture that precedes the first shared coded picture in decoding order and is not a shared coded picture (1000b); and encoding the input picture sequence into a second bitstream (1002), said encoding comprising: encoding the first input picture into first two coded pictures of the second bitstream, wherein one of said two coded pictures is the first shared coded picture (1002a); encoding the first set of input pictures into a second set of coded pictures

Abstract: The present invention discloses a video encoding and decoding method, apparatus and system, where the video encoding method includes: determining an independently decodable view in a to-be-encoded picture according to a configuration file corresponding to the video; dividing the picture into at least two tiles, where an area corresponding to one or more tiles that cover the independently decodable view is an independently decodable area; generating an auxiliary message corresponding to the picture, where the auxiliary message includes a location identifier of the independently decodable area; and encoding all tiles included in the picture to form an encoded video bitstream, where the encoded video bitstream includes the auxiliary message. Decoding this encoded video bitstream can lower a requirement for performance of a decoder and improve decoding efficiency.

Abstract: Measuring quality-of-experience (QoE) for virtual reality (VR) streaming content is disclosed. A network computing device receives a client-side VR stream capture and a client pose data set that are generated by a client computing device based on a VR content and one or more induced network impairments (e.g., latency, packet loss, and/or jitter, as non-limiting examples). Using the same VR content and the client pose data set, the network computing device generates a source VR stream capture that is not subjected to the one or more induced network impairments. The network computing device performs a frame-by-frame comparison of the client-side VR stream capture and the source VR stream capture. Based on the frame-by-frame comparison, the network computing device generates a QoE metric that indicates a degree of degradation of the client-side VR stream capture relative to the source VR stream capture.

Abstract: The present document relates to transcoding of metadata, and in particular to a method and system for transcoding metadata with reduced computational complexity. A transcoder configured to transcode an inbound bitstream comprising an inbound content frame and an associated inbound metadata frame into an outbound bitstream comprising an outbound content frame and an associated outbound metadata frame is described. The inbound content frame is indicative of a signal encoded according to a first codec system and the outbound content frame is indicative of the signal encoded according to a second codec system. The transcoder is configured to identify an inbound block of metadata from the inbound metadata frame, the inbound block of metadata associated with an inbound descriptor indicative of one or more properties of metadata comprised within the inbound block of metadata, and to generate the outbound metadata frame from the inbound metadata frame based on the inbound descriptor.

Abstract: A method, computer program, and/or computer system is provided for coding a video sequence. Video data containing one or more faces may be received. One or more virtual boundaries between the one or more faces of the received video data may be selected. In-loop filtering may be disabled between the one or more selected virtual boundaries from among the virtual boundaries, based on the selected boundaries being discontinuous in a three-dimensional geometry.

Abstract: An encoder includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry, in inter prediction processing: derives a first motion vector of a current block to be processed, using a motion vector of a previous block which has been previously processed; derives a second motion vector of the current block by performing motion estimation in the vicinity of the first motion vector; and generates a prediction image of the current block by performing motion compensation using the second motion vector.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus, storage device, and method for compressing error vectors for decoding logic to store compressed in an decoder memory used by the decoding logic. A decoder decodes codewords to produce error vectors used to decode the codewords. A decoder memory device stores the error vectors. A compression unit receives the error vector from the decoder during decoding of the codeword. Each bit in the error vector has one of a first value and a second value. A determination is made of at least one bit location in the error vector having the first value. At least one pointer is stored in a row of memory cells in the decoder memory device indicating the determined at least one bit location in the codeword having the first value.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus functioning as a transmitter in a radio communication system including the transmitter and a receiver includes a first data generation unit that generates first data which are to be transmitted in accordance with a first transmission scheme, a second data generation unit that generates second data which are to be transmitted in accordance with a second transmission scheme, and a transmission unit that, when the second data are generated during transmission of the first data, punctures a portion in which a predetermined signal is transmitted in a resource allocated for the transmission of the first data, transmits the first data in an unpunctured portion, and transmits the second data in the punctured portion.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for video coding. In some examples, the apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a current block in a current picture from a coded video bitstream and the prediction information is indicative of inter prediction. The processing circuitry determines, for the current block, motion information including a first motion vector (MV) that has a x component and a y component where each of the x and y components has a fractional MV precision that is 2?N of a sample size in the current block and has one of 2L+1 MV values with the fractional MV precision. N is an integer larger than 2 and L is a positive integer. The processing circuitry reconstructs at least one sample of the current block based on the motion information.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for applying intra-block copy (IBC) in video coding are described. In general, methods for integrating IBC with existing motion compensation algorithms for video encoding and decoding are described. In a representative aspect, a method for video encoding using IBC includes determining whether a current block of the current picture is to be encoded using a motion compensation algorithm, and encoding, based on the determining, the current block by selectively applying an intra-block copy to the current block. In a representative aspect, another method for video encoding using IBC includes determining whether a current block of the current picture is to be encoded using an intra-block copy, and encoding, based on the determining, the current block by selectively applying a motion compensation algorithm to the current block.

Abstract: A method includes determining whether a reference block for a current block is located in a different coding tree unit (CTU) than a CTU of the current block. If the reference block is located in the different CTU, the method includes determining whether the CTU of the current block and a memory have a same size. If the CTU of the current block and reference sample memory have a same size, the method includes (i) determining a first area in the CTU of the current block collocated with a second area in the different CTU; (ii) determining, based on a decoding status of the first area, whether a memory location of the memory for the reference block is available; and (iii) if the memory location for the reference block is available, retrieving, from the memory location, one or more samples to decode the current block.

Abstract: An audio processing system (100) accepts an audio bitstream having one of a plurality of predefined audio frame rates. The system comprises a front-end component (110), which receives a variable number of quantized spectral components, corresponding to one audio frame in any of the predefined audio frame rates, and performs an inverse quantization according to predetermined, frequency-dependent quantization levels. The front-end component may be agnostic of the audio frame rate. The audio processing system further comprises a frequency-domain processing stage (120) and a sample rate converter (130), which provide a reconstructed audio signal sampled at a target sampling frequency independent of the audio frame rate. By its frame-rate adaptability, the system can be configured to operate frame-synchronously in parallel with a video processing system that accepts plural video frame rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to audio coding systems which make use of a harmonic transposition method for high frequency reconstruction (HFR). A system and a method for generating a high frequency component of a signal from a low frequency component of the signal is described. The system comprises an analysis filter bank providing a plurality of analysis subband signals of the low frequency component of the signal. It also comprises a non-linear processing unit to generate a synthesis subband signal with a synthesis frequency by modifying the phase of a first and a second of the plurality of analysis subband signals and by combining the phase-modified analysis subband signals. Finally, it comprises a synthesis filter bank for generating the high frequency component of the signal from the synthesis subband signal.

Abstract: A host processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), programmed to execute a software driver that causes the host processor to generate a motion compensation command for a plurality of cores of a massively parallel processor, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), to provide motion compensation for encoded video. The motion compensation command for the plurality of cores of the massively parallel processor contains executable instructions for processing a plurality of motion vectors grouped by a plurality of prediction modes from a re-ordered motion vector buffer by the plurality of cores of the massively parallel processor.

Abstract: A method for video processing is provided. The method includes determining, for a conversion between a current video block of a video that is a chroma block and a coded representation of the video, parameters of a cross-component linear model using a parameter table whose entries are retrieved according to two chroma sample values and two luma sample values; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

Abstract: Motion estimation method and motion estimation device are provided. The method includes: determining a global motion vector of a current frame relative to a current reference frame according to the current frame and the current reference frame; and performing motion estimation on a target frame according to the global motion vector.

Abstract: The entropy coding of a current part of a predetermined entropy slice is based on, not only, the respective probability estimations of the predetermined entropy slice as adapted using the previously coded part of the predetermined entropy slice, but also probability estimations as used in the entropy coding of a spatially neighboring, in entropy slice order preceding entropy slice at a neighboring part thereof. Thereby, the probability estimations used in entropy coding are adapted to the actual symbol statistics more closely, thereby lowering the coding efficiency decrease normally caused by lower-delay concepts. Temporal interrelationships are exploited additionally or alternatively.

Abstract: A machine-learned image compression model includes a first encoder configured to generate a first image code based at least in part on first image data. The first encoder includes a first series of convolutional layers configured to generate a first series of respective feature maps based at least in part on the first image. A second encoder is configured to generate a second image code based at least in part on second image data and includes a second series of convolutional layers configured to generate a second series of respective feature maps based at least in part on the second image and disparity-warped feature data. Respective parametric skip functions associated convolutional layers of the second series are configured to generate disparity-warped feature data based at least in part on disparity associated with the first series of respective feature maps and the second series of respective feature maps.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. The disclosure relates to encoding and decoding by using a polar code in a wireless communication system, and an operation method of a transmission-end apparatus includes determining segmentation and the number of segments, based on parameters associated with encoding of information bits, encoding the information bits according to the number of check bits, and transmitting the encoded information bits to a reception-end apparatus.

Abstract: A computer system includes a plurality of hardware processors, and a hardware accelerator. A first processor among the plurality of processor runs an application that issues a data compression request to compress or decompress a data stream. The hardware accelerator selectively operates in different modes to compresses or decompresses the data stream. Based on a selected mode, the hardware accelerator can utilize a different number of processors among the plurality of hardware to compress or decompress the data stream.

Abstract: A method for selecting a motion vector predictor is provided. The method of selecting a motion vector predictor includes the steps of selecting motion vector predictor candidates for a current block and selecting a motion vector predictor of the current block out of the motion vector predictor candidates, wherein the motion vector predictor candidates for the current block include a motion vector of a first candidate block which is first searched for as an available block out of left neighboring blocks of the current block and a motion vector of a second candidate block which is first searched for as an available block out of upper neighboring blocks of the current block.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a partial image generator configured to generate a partial image having a point-of-interest designated by a user, from a 360-degree image, a user interface (UI) unit configured to receive an indication of the point-of-interest via a UI screen for displaying the partial image, and a point-of-interest registering unit configured to register the point-of-interest, in response to a request from the user via the UI screen. The information processing apparatus also includes an interpolation line calculator configured to calculate an interpolation line for interpolating between a most recently registered point-of-interest and a current point-of-interest, and an interpolation line registering unit configured to register an interpolation line between the designated point-of-interest and a point-of-interest designated immediately prior to the designated point-of-interest.

Abstract: A method of interframe point cloud attribute coding is performed by at least one processor and includes obtaining, as a motion estimation unreliability measure of motion estimation of a target frame, a value inversely proportional to a ratio of a number of first point cloud samples of the target frame respectively with second point cloud samples of an interframe reference frame, to a number of point cloud samples in the target frame. The method further includes identifying whether the obtained motion estimation unreliability measure is greater than a predetermined threshold, based on the obtained motion estimation unreliability measure being identified to be greater than the predetermined threshold, skipping motion compensation of the target frame, and based on the obtained motion estimation unreliability measure being identified to be less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, performing the motion compensation of the target frame.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for image compression and a device using the same method. The method includes: retrieving an image block including pixels, wherein each pixel include a plurality of channel data; defining root nodes according to an image compressing ratio of the image block; categorizing each channel data of each pixel into groups corresponding to the root nodes, wherein a structure of each group is a binary tree; if an empty tree exists in the aforementioned groups, dividing an non-empty tree of the groups into sub-trees and replacing the empty tree and the non-empty tree with the sub-trees to update the groups and the root nodes; building a center value of each group and determining a group index of each channel data of each group; encoding the center value of each group and characterizing each channel data as the corresponding center value and the group index to compress each channel data.

Abstract: A first media server delivers content for broadcast via a first media channel, and a second media server delivers media content for broadcast via a second media channel. The first media server operates in a synchronized mode, under control of the second media server during some periods of time, and during other periods of time operates in an independent mode. When operating in the synchronized mode, content delivered by the first and second media servers can be synchronized, so that the timing of spot blocks played on the two servers generally coincides. When the first server operates in the independent mode, the timing of spot blocks and other content broadcast on the first media channel are not synchronized under control of the second media server.

Abstract: System and methods for modifying streaming data based on radio frequency information is provided. As radio transceivers transition move to a shared resource or cloud model and the existing radio transceivers are split into a baseband unit and a remote radio head, radio frequency (RF) information including power levels, encoding, data rates, and bandwidth can be provided to video optimization server. The RF information can be provided more frequently to allow real-time modifications to streaming video data. Existing protocols are reactionary in nature and perceive changing channel conditions indirectly. By providing RF information from the baseband unit on a low latency channel, modifications to the video stream can be made before an impact would be noticed at the protocol level. Also, policy information can be used to influence the changes made to streaming data in addition to the RF information.

Abstract: A method includes receiving data in a first series of blocks each having a first number of audio samples and repackaging the data into a second series of blocks each having a second number of audio samples. The second number of audio samples is a non-integer fraction of the first number of audio samples. The method further includes transmitting the second series of blocks over a series of fixed duration time intervals, and adjusting the payload of adjacent time intervals to reduce jitter in the transmission of the second series of blocks.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to software development and, more specifically, to continuous integration (CI) based software development systems, methods, and computer program products in which a system-under-test (SUT) is populated with production data that has been filtered or transformed, or both. In accordance with this approach, the filtered or transformed production test data can be automatically generated and seamlessly integrated into a continuous integration process. In some examples, the resulting filtered or transformed test data closely reflects real production data while, at the same time, consuming less data storage space and protecting an individual's sensitive information.

Abstract: A video data decoding apparatus in which if a detector detects a transform-skip mode is not applicable to an array of encoded video data values, the detector controls a dequantizer to apply dequantization parameters which may vary between data values in the array of encoded data values according to a position of each data value within the array, and controls an inverse frequency transformer to apply an inverse frequency transform to the dequantized data values; and if the detector detects the transform-skip mode is applicable to the array of encoded video data values, the detector controls the dequantizer to apply dequantization parameters which, for each array of encoded data values, are independent of the position of each data value within the array, and controls the inverse frequency transformer not to apply an inverse frequency transform to the dequantized data values.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes receiving residual information including first size related information for a first residual coefficient and second size related information for a second residual coefficient, setting a Rice parameter of the first size related information and the second size related information as a specific value, deriving available binary values based on the Rice parameter, deriving binary values of the first size related information and the second size related information by decoding the first size related information and the second size related information, deriving values of the first size related information and the second size related information by comparing the binary values and the available binary values, deriving the first residual coefficient and the second residual coefficient based on the values, and reconstructing a current picture based on the first residual coefficient and the second residual coefficient.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for spectrum data management for a radio frequency (RF) environment are disclosed. An apparatus comprises at least one receiver, an automatic signal detection (ASD) module, and a learning and conflict detection engine. The apparatus is at the edge of a communication network. The at least one receiver processes RF energy received from the RF environment, thereby generating processed data. The ASD module is configured to extract meta data and detect anomaly based on the processed data. The learning and conflict detection engine is configured for conflict recognition and anomaly identification based on the processed data. The apparatus is operable to generate at least one report for the RF environment.

Abstract: A method and device for coding and decoding are disclosed. The method includes: dividing a picture to be encoded into several slices, each containing macroblocks continuous in a designated scanning sequence in the picture; dividing slices in the picture into one or more slice sets according to attribute information of the slices, each slice set containing one or more slices; and encoding the slices in the slice sets according to slice and slice set division information to get a coded bit stream of the picture. The decoding method includes: obtaining slice and slice set division information from a bit stream to be decoded and decoding the bit stream according to the obtained slice and slice set division information. The invention improves the performance of video transmission effectively and realizes region based coding. The implementation of coding and decoding is simple and the complexity of coding and decoding systems is reduced.

Abstract: An audio signal processing decoder having at least one frequency band and being configured for processing an input audio signal having a plurality of input channels in the at least one frequency band, wherein the decoder is configured to analyze the input audio signal, wherein inter-channel dependencies between the input channels are identified; and to align the phases of the input channels based on the identified inter-channel dependencies, wherein the phases of input channels are the more aligned with respect to each other the higher their inter-channel dependency is; and to downmix the aligned input audio signal to an output audio signal having a lesser number of output channels than the number of the input channels.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus for subjecting a video image to motion compensated prediction coding, comprising an acquisition module to acquire available blocks of blocks having motion vectors from encoded blocks adjacent to a to-be-encoded block and number of the available blocks, an acquisition/selection module to select one selection block from the encoded available blocks, a selection information encoder to encode selection information specifying the selection block using a code table corresponding to the number of available blocks, and an image encoder to subject the to-be-encoded block to motion compensated prediction coding using a motion vector of the selection block.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for coding and decoding video captured as cube map images. According to these techniques, padded reference images are generated for use during predicting input data. A reference image is stored in a cube map format. A padded reference image is generated from the reference image in which image data of a first view contained in reference image is replicated and placed adjacent to a second view contained in the cube map image. When coding a pixel block of an input image, a prediction search may be performed between the input pixel block and content of the padded reference image. When the prediction search identifies a match, the pixel block may be coded with respect to matching data from the padded reference image. Presence of replicated data in the padded reference image is expected to increase the likelihood that adequate prediction matches will be identified for input pixel block data, which will increase overall efficiency of the video coding.

Abstract: A decoder that decodes a current block using a motion vector includes: a processor; and memory. Using the memory, the processor: derives a first candidate vector from one or more candidate vectors of one or more neighboring blocks that neighbor the current block; determines, in a first reference picture for the current block, a first adjacent region that includes a position indicated by the first candidate vector; calculates evaluation values of a plurality of candidate regions included in the first adjacent region; and determines a first motion vector of the current block, based on a first candidate region having a smallest evaluation value among the evaluation values. The first adjacent region is included in a first motion estimation region determined based on the position indicated by the first candidate vector.

Abstract: The lossless coding method includes selecting one of a first coding method and a second coding method, based on a range in which a quantization index of energy is represented, and coding the quantization index by using the selected coding method. The lossless decoding method includes determining a coding method of a differential quantization index of energy included in a bitstream and decoding the differential quantization index by using one of a first decoding method and a second decoding method based on a range in which a quantization index of energy is represented, in response to the determined coding method.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for video encoding/decoding are provided. In some examples, an apparatus for video decoding includes receiving circuitry and processing circuitry. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry decodes prediction information of a current block from a coded video bitstream. The prediction information is indicative of an intra prediction mode. Then, the processing circuitry determines whether the current block meets a block size condition that limits an application of a position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) in reconstructions of the current block based on sizes of the current block. When the block size condition is met, the processing circuitry excludes the application of the PDPC in a reconstruction of at least one sample of the current block based on the intra prediction mode.

Abstract: A method for encoding a first stream of video data comprising a plurality of frames of video, the method, for one or more of the plurality of frames of video, comprising the steps of: encoding in a hierarchical arrangement a frame of the video data, the hierarchical arrangement comprising a base layer of video data and a first enhancement layer of video data, said first enhancement layer of video data comprising a plurality of sub-layers of enhancement data, such that when encoded: the base layer of video data comprises data which when decoded renders the frame at a first, base, level of quality; and each sub-layer of enhancement data comprises data which, when decoded with the base layer, render the frame at a higher level of quality than the base level of quality; and wherein the steps of encoding the sub-layers of enhancement data comprises: quantizing the enhancement data at a determined initial level of quantization thereby creating a set of quantized enhancement data; associating to each of the pluralit

Abstract: [Object] To be able to perform management involved with wireless communication without routing via a base station. [Solution] Provided is an apparatus including: a generation unit configured to generate information related to data wirelessly transmitted or received without being routed via a base station; and a control unit configured to control transmission of the information to a node which is not involved in the transmission or reception of the data.