Abstract: The prevent invention provides a method for performing channel estimation and detection in a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system, including: generating a demodulation reference signal, DM-RS, pattern for an extended cyclic prefix (CP); and estimating and detecting channel performance based on the generated DM-RS signal pattern. The DM-RS pattern supports from rank 1 to rank 8 patterns for 8 layer transmission. A transmitter, a receiver and a system thereof are also provided. The solution of the present invention improves channel estimation accuracy, saves channel estimation implementation and implementation complexity at terminals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bits-to-symbol mapping method of 4+12+16 amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) having excellent performance against the non-linearity of a high power amplifier. According to the present invention A bits-to-symbol mapping method of 4+12+16 APSK modulation, comprising: representing 32 symbols of the 4+12+16 APSK modulation by a polar coordinate and arranging the 32 symbols by a size of ? while giving priority to a symbol having a small signal size when the size of ? of two or more symbols are same; grouping the arranged 32 symbols into 4 groups according to quadrant regions where the symbols are located; and allocating bits so that the same bits are allocated to the symbols belonging to the same region for each region with respect to each of the first to fifth bits of the symbols grouped into four regions.

Abstract: A magnetic field communication method is provided for managing node with low power consumption which enhances performance and efficiency of a magnetic field area network in the low frequency region. The magnetic field communication method for managing node with low power consumption of the present invention is accomplished in a low-frequency wireless network that is comprised of a MFAN-C and at least one MFAN-N wherein a physical layer is comprised of a preamble, a header, and a payload, and the preamble is comprised of a wake-up sequence and a synchronization sequence. The wake-up sequence is only added to the preamble of the frame that is transmitted from the MFAN-C when the MFAN-N is being activated from the hibernation mode. The wake-up sequence is modulated using ASK modulation, and the synchronization sequence is modulated using BPSK modulation.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a data encoding scheme may include an encoder. The encoder may be configured to determine, for a digital input value comprising a particular number of bits, whether more than half of the bits of the digital input value have a high value. The encoder may be further configured to encode the digital input value by inverting each of the bits of the digital input value in response to a determination that more than half of the bits of the digital input value have the high value. Corresponding method and computer program product, and a decoder and decoding method are also provided.

Abstract: To provide an intra prediction apparatus which can circumvent a hazard problem and improve the time reduction effect. An intra prediction apparatus 11 performs intra predictions of a picture. The intra predictions include: second intra predictions of respective second blocks (blocks) which are obtained by dividing a first pixel block; and a first intra prediction of the first block (macroblock) which constitutes the picture. The intra prediction apparatus 11 includes: an intra prediction unit (a prediction unit 113, an orthogonal transform and quantization unit 115, an inverse orthogonal transform and inverse quantization unit 116, and an adder 117) which performs the intra predictions; and a control unit 119 which controls the intra prediction unit to perform in parallel the intra prediction of the macroblock and the intra predictions of the respective pixel blocks.

Abstract: A problem that a loss of signal occurs due to switching of a modulation scheme using an adaptive modulation scheme is solved. A radio transmission device (10a, 10b) having an automatic transmission power control function of controlling transmission power of its own station so as to maintain received power of a counter station at a preset constant value and a function of an adaptive modulation scheme for automatically switching over a modulation scheme depending on quality of a radio transmission path includes a modulation scheme determining circuit (14a, 14b) for switching over the modulation scheme by using the adaptive modulation scheme in consideration of a transmission power margin and the received power.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aligning I- and Q-signals in a quadrature receiver based on an squared signal. A correction is evaluated in an iterative manner by finding an average of the squared signal. The average squared signal may be the received signal, in which case the iterations are applied in a feed forward manner. Alternatively, the average squared signal is the aligned signal in which case the iterations are applied in a feed back manner. The correction may include the evaluation of an normalization or, in the feed back case, this can be implicitly included in the manner in which the iteration is applied. Various parameters to the iteration can be set to accommodate the operating environment of the receiver and characteristics of the received signal.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-antenna transmission device (400) which can perform MLD by using a simple configuration of a reception device in a MIMO-AMC system. The multi-antenna transmission device (400) includes common signal point mapping units (401, 402) for mapping data transmitted from different antennas (111, 112) in transmission scheme using MIMO spatial multiplexing, to common signal points shared by respective modulation methods. Thus, the arrangement of baseband signal points obtained by mapping a code word after channel encoding onto an IQ plane can be shared as common signal points shared by modulation methods. Accordingly, the reception device need not prepare a particular circuit for performing MLD calculation in accordance with a combination of the methods for modulating the signals which have been MIMO-space multiplexed. This can reduce the circuit size of the MLD calculation circuit.

Abstract: A pre-coding method for improving diversity gain in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system and a transmission apparatus and method are disclosed. The transmission method includes converting an input transmission signal into parallel signals, pre-coding the parallel signals with a predetermined frequency offset, performing Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) on the pre-coded signals, and up-converting the IDFT signals and outputting the up-converted signals to a wireless network. By performing pre-coding on a transmission signal with a frequency offset in an OFDM system, diversity gain can be improved.

Abstract: A subscriber station is capable of encoding a bandwidth request message. The subscriber station includes a controller and a transmitter coupled to the controller. The transmitter includes a linear channel encoder and a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation block. The channel encoder uses a generator matrix comprising alphabets from Galois field (GF) (2). Each column of the generator matrix belongs to a twelve dimensional subspace and wherein the code generated using the generator matrix has a minimum hamming distance no greater than thirty.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tree position adaptive SOMA receiver structures are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a device for use in a wireless communication system comprises a receiver to receive information-bearing signals from the transmitter wirelessly transmitted using OFDM and bit interleaved coded modulation, where the receiver includes an inner decoder structure having a soft output M-algorithm (SOMA) based multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) joint demapper that uses a SOMA-based MIMO detection process to perform joint inner demapping over each tone, and wherein the SOMA-based MIMO joint demapper is operable to search a detection tree for each tone using a tree-search symbol order that is adapted for each tone based on channel state information and extrinsic information from the outer decoder, where only a number of best alternatives from every level of the tree are expanded.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving an uplink pilot used for channel estimation and measurement of an uplink in an FDMA system. Pilot symbols are transmitted with different frequency mapping patterns in first and second pilot symbol intervals of one time slot interval including data symbol intervals and the inconsecutive first and second pilot symbol intervals which have a shorter length than the data symbol intervals. As a result, interpolation of a frequency domain during channel estimation is not necessary, and can correctly obtain channel-estimated values of a frequency at which data is transmitted, in a fast time-varying channel environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described that provide an optimal blind channel estimation approach for a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation communication receiving system. The described blind channel estimation technique takes advantage of the characteristics of DQPSK constellations and the fact that estimates of relative channel phase distortion, and not absolute channel phase distortion, are sufficient for a DQPSK demodulation scheme. The described channel estimation approach provides low complexity, offers improved demodulation performance, and is theoretically optimal. It is particularly useful in existing DQPSK-based communications protocols that do not provide sufficient reference symbols for channel estimation.

Abstract: Briefly, a wireless communication device that includes a processor to enable a determined number of receivers of a MIMO system according to a value provided with a request to enable the receivers is provided. A method for enabling the receivers of MIMO system is also provided.

Abstract: Device (D) for communicating between a mobile element and a fixed element, includes: an electromagnetic field-based reader (L) including a transmitter with a transmitting antenna and a receiver with a first antenna placed in a housing (1), and a beacon (B) including a receiver able to receive a signal originating from the transmitter of the reader (L) so as to provide energy to a transmitter able to dispatch a signal received by the receiver of the reader (L), the receiver of the reader (L) including at least one second antenna and signal comparison elements able to compare the signal received by the first antenna of the receiver with the signal received by the second antenna so as to determine the moment at which the reader (L) passes vertically in line with the beacon (B).

Abstract: A method and system for acquiring beamforming vectors using multiple spreading sequence spreading gains is disclosed. One embodiment of the invention allows time and power to be saved by spreading a training sequence with spreading sequences of different gains in different iterations of an iterative beamforming acquisition procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an asymmetrical backwards compatible communications signal that is capable of being decoded by QPSK and OQPSK receivers as well as PSK and QAM receivers is provided. The invention comprises a timing error accumulator coupled to a first bit stream. The first bit stream includes content that is common to the QPSK/OQPSK receiver and to the PSK/QAM receiver. A phase error accumulator is coupled to a second bit stream and adjusts the phase of symbols in the second bit stream. A phase and timing error compensator is coupled to the phase error accumulator and the timing error accumulator and adjusts the first and second bit streams received from the phase error accumulator and the timing error accumulator in order to reduce timing and phase errors. A higher order modulator coupled to the phase- and timing error compensator is also provided. The higher order modulator processes the first and second bit streams to provide the asymmetrical backwards compatible signal.

Abstract: A method of providing delay information in a multi-antenna transmission system is provided. A time delay value is selected from a set of time delay values. A mobile station is informed of information related to the selected time delay value. The same data is transmitted from a first antenna and from a second antenna. The data is transmitted from the second antenna after the data is transmitted from the first antenna according to the selected time delay value. The time delay value is selected based on a deterministic method or a random method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed herein for performing distributed space-time coding. In one embodiment, the distributed space-time coding is used for downlink communications in wireless radio networks. In one embodiment, the method comprises storing information-bearing sequence at two or more base stations in a group of base stations; and transmitting data corresponding to the information-bearing sequence from a number of base stations for receipt by a receiver of a user, where the number of base stations is not globally known a priori and indicates a diversity of order, such that the diversity of order M is obtained if a total of M number of antennas spread over multiple base stations transmit the information-bearing sequence, where M is an integer.

Abstract: A method for controlling code power levels of individual codes of a composite quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) signal. The method may involve obtaining a sample of the composite QPSK signal; separating the individual codes from the composite QPSK signal; analyzing the individual codes against corresponding commanded code power settings for the individual codes; and determining a code power correction signal needed for each of the individual codes needed to adjust a code power for each of the individual codes to match their corresponding commanded code power settings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing code division multiple access in modulated reflectance transmissions comprises the steps of generating a phase-modulated reflectance data bit stream; modifying the modulated reflectance data bit stream; providing the modified modulated reflectance data bit stream to a switch that connects an antenna to an infinite impedance in the event a “+1” is to be sent, or connects the antenna to ground in the event a “0” or a “?1” is to be sent.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes: a phase modulating path arranged to adjust a phase component of an input signal to generate an adjusted phase component such that a phase difference of the input signal falls within a target phase difference range; and an amplitude modulating path arranged to exchange a sign of an amplitude component of the input signal corresponding to the phase component to generate an adjusted amplitude component when the phase modulating path adjusts the phase component.

Abstract: Provided is a human body communication method using a multi-carrier modulation method, in which users do not interfere with each other in an environment with several users, and stable communication is possible when users are exposed to strong interference generated at other electronic devices. Also, provided are a multi-carrier modulation method, in which data between communication devices connected to a human body used as a channel is divided into a plurality of sub-channels and the data is transmitted by loading it on each of a plurality of sub-carrier signals, and a multi-connection method using the multi-carrier modulation method. The plurality of sub-channels having a predetermined bandwidth include several sub-carriers, and by changing a modulation method applied to the sub-carriers, stable communication can be realized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiplexing communication resources to multiple users in a communication system is provided. A generic time-frequency (T-F) mapping pattern (TFPgeneric) and a set of orthogonal T-F mapping patterns (TFPs) comprising TFPgeneric is generated. In each transmission time interval (TTI), the set of TFPs is cyclically offset by a random variable and the offset TFPs are allocated to one or more users and/or traffic channels.

Abstract: The present invention relates an apparatus and method of estimating a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a received signal when the received signal has a timing offset. An apparatus for estimating a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit that performs a fast Fourier transform on a received signal to convert the received signal into a frequency domain signal; a preamble selector that extracts a preamble from the frequency domain signal; a correlator that correlates the preamble to a preamble reference signal generated by a receiver to calculate a correlation value; an entire power estimator that calculates entire power; a noise power estimator that applies a differential demodulation method to the correlation value to remove a timing offset and calculate noise power; and an estimating unit that uses the entire power and the noise power to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Abstract: Successive interference cancellation is performed with improved computational efficiency while offering performance approaching that of full CRC-based successive interference cancellation. In a “blind” interference cancellation technique, reconstructed streams are used for interference cancellation without regard to whether the reconstructed streams were properly decoded. In a “semi-blind” interference cancellation technique, decoder outputs from linear equalization can be used instead of decoder outputs from successive interference cancellation in those cases where linear equalization produces accurate decoding but successive interference cancellation does not.

Abstract: A system and method for encoding data for transmission over a telecommunications network. The system and method involve embedding a control data block (Ik0) within a plurality of real data blocks (IN0). Preferably, real data in the real data blocks (INO) is convoluted with at least some of the control data in the control data block (Ik0) For example, each entry in each real data block (INO) may be phase convoluted with phase angle of the corresponding entry in the control block using an encoding module. Once this is done, the real data in the real data blocks and additionally the control data block in the control block is modulated with every sub carrier.

Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

Abstract: Certain embodiments provide a system for recovering data from at least one signal. The system can include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and in-phase/quadrature (IQ) generator component that can sample a signal recovered from a communication medium to generate a first signal sample and a second signal sample. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) component can process the first signal sample to generate a first signal phase and process the second signal sample to generate a second signal phase. A phase difference calculation component can determine a phase difference between the first signal phase and the second signal phase, determine a bit value represented by the signal based on the phase difference, and output the bit value to an end device coupled to the phase difference calculation component.

Abstract: Provided is a measuring apparatus which measures a quadrature modulator, including a supplying section supplying the quadrature modulator with a reference I signal having a predetermined frequency and a reference Q signal whose phase is shifted by 90 degrees from the reference I signal, an extracting section extracting, from a modulation signal output from the quadrature modulator by applying quadrature modulation to the reference IQ signals, a main signal component as the reference IQ signals modulated, and an image signal component occurring at a position symmetric to the modulated reference IQ signals with respect to the carrier signal, and a measurement value calculating section calculating at least one of a carrier phase error and amplitude error which occur between I signal and Q signal sides of the quadrature modulator, and a skew between IQ signals of the quadrature modulator, based on the main signal component and image signal component.

Abstract: High data rate, high diversity transmission is provided in a dual transmit antenna system over multiple sample times through the use of coding.

Abstract: The receiver portion of a UWB wireless device is altered by replacing analog-to-digital circuitry with a simple energy detection circuit. In embodiments of the invention, the coding methodology of a transmitter is altered to support the simplified receiver configuration. For example, instead of coding the data to be sent in the phase of the UWB signal, the data is encoded in a binary fashion in discrete frequency subbands of the UWB signal. Although this may reduce the usable bandwidth of the channel, it also decreases the complexity and power consumption of UWB devices. In another embodiment of the invention, a UWB device is able to select a transmission mode (BPSK or Energy Coding) based on its environment. Moreover, in a further embodiment of the invention, receiving devices may switch between coding modes based on the capabilities of a remote transmitter and/or a peer receiver.

Abstract: A system and method for accelerated performance of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is provided. The system includes multiple general purpose registers and multiple execution units configured to decode a set of QAM tones in parallel or an individual QAM tone in response to a single instruction executable by the processor. Each of the plurality of execution units is configured to decode one of the set of QAM tones according to a constellation size associated with the one of the set of QAM tones. The QAM decoding method includes reading a constellation size value for each of a set of received input tones. For each tone in the set of input tones, an ideal point in a QAM constellation of the associated constellation size closest to the X and Y coordinates of the tone is determined. The data values of the ideal points are then stored in a destination register.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing interference in a transmitting end of a multi-antenna system is provided. The method includes decomposing a channel matrix including channel coefficients for a plurality of terminals, calculating a value proportional to an interference signal for each of antennas, and calculating a sum of a transmission signal and the calculated value for each terminal and multiplying the calculated sum by the decomposed channel matrix. Accordingly, channel capacity can be improved by optimizing a data transfer rate and transmission power for each terminal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for polar modulation using a digital direct frequency synthesizer (DDFS) are disclosed and may comprise generating a phase modulated signal in a DDFS, amplitude modulating the generated phase modulated signal in a non-linear device and transmitting the signal via a wireless medium. A processor may control the generation of the phase and amplitude modulated signals. The non-linear device may comprise a non-linear power amplifier or a mixer. The method may also comprise generating a first phase modulated signal in a first DDFS and generating a second phase modulated signal in a second DDFS, or in a single DDFS with two integrated digital-to-analog converters, and upconverting and combining the first and second phase modulated signals and amplitude modulating the combined upconverted signals in a non-linear device. A processor may be enabled to control the generation of the first and second phase modulated signals.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-carrier communication method capable of preventing lowering of a throughput of another mobile device accompanying allocation of a sub-carrier for a new mobile station device. This multi-carrier communication method can acquire reception quality information for one of the sub-carriers already allocated in an MS (150a) from a BS (100a) and for one of the sub-carriers which can be allocated in the MS (150a) from the BS (100b). According to the reception quality information, a release sub-carrier is selected from the sub-carriers already allocated and a new-allocation sub-carrier is selected from the sub-carriers which can be allocated. The new-allocation sub-carrier has a frequency different from the already-allocated sub-carriers excluding the release sub-carrier. The BS (100a) is instructed to release the selected release sub-carrier and the BS (100b) is instructed to allocate the selected new-allocation sub-carrier in the MS (150a).

Abstract: The present patent application improves DARP by allowing multiple users on one time slot (MUROS). It comprises means, instructions and steps for combining two signals. In one example, it comprises at least one baseband modulator, a plurality of amplifiers where the signals are multiplied by a gain; at least one combiner operably connected to the amplifiers where the signals are combined; and a phase shifter where one of the signals is phase shifted with respect to the other signal. In another example; the apparatus further comprises a phase shifter operably connected to the at least one baseband modulator to provide a ?/2 phase shift between the two signals. In another example, the at least one baseband modulator comprises a BPSK baseband modulator on an I axis and a BPSK baseband modulator on a Q axis.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for obtaining related information about a media program containing an audio signal, comprising: embedding an audio watermark containing identification information of the media program into the audio signal; transmitting the media program; recording a portion of the audio signal ; extracting the audio watermark from the recorded portion to obtain the identification information and providing the identification information to a server; and providing the user with the related information according to the identification information from the server, wherein the embedding comprises: performing pre-processing on the identification information to obtain pre-processed identification information; determining an echo delay array; modulating amplitudes of the plurality of pairs of antipodal echoes with the pre-processed identification information; repeating the amplitude-modulated plurality of pairs of antipodal echoes; and embedding the repeated and amplitude-modulated plurality of pairs o

Abstract: A Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying/Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK/FSK) modulation circuit implemented in a digital manner comprises a frequency divider for dividing frequency of an inputted clock signal to get a sampling signal, a buffer coupled to the frequency divider for storing inputted data, an integrator coupled to the buffer for processing integration according to the data outputted from the buffer, a first read only memory coupled to the integrator for transferring the data outputted from the integrator according to a cosine function, and a second read only memory coupled to the integrator for transferring the data outputted from the integrator according to a sine function.

Abstract: Systems and methods of training antennas for two devices equipped with phased array antennas in a wireless network are disclosed. In one embodiment, the methods include transmitting a plurality of estimation training sequences from a transmit phased array antenna to a receive phased array antenna, wherein a length of at least one of the plurality of training sequences is adapted to a number of antenna elements at one of the transmit and receive phased array antennas. The methods further include transmitting data to the receive phased array antenna via the transmit phased array antenna tuned with a transmit beamforming vector (BV) selected based at least in part on the plurality of estimation training sequences.

Abstract: Embodiments of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system and methods for beamforming using polar-cap codebooks are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed. In some embodiments, beamforming is based on codewords of a polar-cap codebook which represents deviations in the channel with respect to codewords of a full-manifold codebook.

Abstract: The method is for receiving an OFDM signal according to which, during a frequency translation phase, there is introduced a phase and gain imbalance between the phase and quadrature components thereof, and a frequency offset relative to a main carrier of the OFDM signal. The method involves a compensation of the effects of the imbalance even in the presence of the frequency offset and provides a reference signal indicative of the effect of the imbalance and according to which a process is carried out to reduce the effect of the imbalance itself.

Abstract: A frequency shift keying (FSK) demodulator includes a band-pass filter, an auto-calibration loop, a phase comparator, and an analog-to-digital converter. The band-pass filter is used for shifting phase of an FSK signal to generate a revised FSK signal. The auto-calibration loop is coupled to the band-pass filter for adjusting a center frequency of the band-pass filter. The first input end of the phase comparator is coupled to an output end of the band-pass filter, and the second input end of the phase comparator is used for receiving the FSK signal. The phase comparator is used for comparing the FSK signal with the revised FSK signal and outputting a comparison result. The analog-to-digital converter is coupled to the phase comparator for converting the results of the phase comparator into digital data. Similarly, a frequency modulation (FM) demodulator includes a band-pass filter, an auto-calibration loop, and a phase comparator.

Abstract: Method, arrangement and computer program product in a base station for transmitting two USF values and two data blocks to a terminal. The base station and the terminal are comprised within a wireless communication network. The two USF values are to be sent across the first data block and the second data block. The first data block and first parts of the two USF values are modulated with a first modulation technique and the second data block and second parts of the two USF values are modulated with a second modulation technique. The modulated data blocks and USF parts are transmitted to the terminal. Further, a method, an arrangement and a computer program product in a terminal for receiving USF values and data blocks from a base station are described. In addition, a method, an arrangement and a computer program product in a control node are described.

Abstract: A method of feeding back channel information in an OFDM or OFDMA radio communications system is disclosed, in which a transmitting side instructs a region for measuring a downlink channel status and in which a receiving side feeds back the channel information to the transmitting side. The present invention includes the steps of transmitting instruction information instructing at least one region of at least two regions within a data frame as a signal measurement region to a receiving side and receiving the channel information estimated by a signal included in the signal measurement region instructed by the instruction information from the receiving side.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for improving the performance of a modulator, typically in an I/Q modulation system, are described. Input I and Q current modulation signals may be processed to generate a sign signal and a magnitude signal, with the magnitude signal selectively applied to the inputs of a mixer based on the sign signal so as to generate respective I and Q modulation signal components. These may then be combined to generate a composite modulation signal.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for processing a received signal which comprises phase-shift modulated or amplitude-quadrature modulated part-signals which are transmitted in a plurality of different frequency bands, wherein the received signal is processed in a plurality of stages in succession, by multiplying all the input signals to each of the stages by two mutually orthogonal signals in each case to form two intermediate signals in each case, wherein the intermediate signals from one stage in each case act as the input signals to whichever is the succeeding stage in the particular case and the received signal acts as the input signal to the first stage, and wherein an in-phase and/or an quadrature component of the individual part-signals in the different frequency bands are determined from the intermediate signals from the last stage. Parallel, simultaneous reception of a plurality of frequency bands can be implemented relatively easily in this way.

Abstract: A transmitter including a plurality of transmitting antennas and a processor operably coupled to the plurality of transmitting antennas. The processor is configured to select a first antenna from the plurality of transmitting antennas for transmission of a frame of data, determine if the frame is successfully received by a receiver, and select a second antenna different than the first antenna from the plurality of transmitting antennas for retransmission of the frame if it is determined that the frame was not successfully received by the receiver. The processor is configured to select a different antenna than a previous antenna for retransmission of the frame each time it is determined that the frame was not successfully received by the receiver. The processor is configured to discard the frame from further transmission if it is determined that the frame was not successfully received by the receiver after a number of transmission attempts.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transmission apparatus including a first transmission block configured to modulate a carrier-wave signal having a predetermined frequency on the basis of a first input signal, thereby outputting a first transmission signal; and a second transmission block configured to modulate a carrier-wave signal having a predetermined frequency on the basis of a second input signal, thereby outputting a second transmission signal; wherein a first input point for inputting the first transmission signal outputted from the first transmission block into a waveguide and a second input point for inputting the second transmission signal outputted from the second transmission block into the waveguide are shifted by a distance for providing a predetermined phase difference between the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal.

Abstract: A mobile transceiver and a method of detecting movement of the mobile transceiver in a radio system. The radio system includes at least one base station and terminals. The movement of the mobile transceiver is measured by at least one acceleration sensor (114-116) to take the movement of the mobile transceiver onto account in the operation of the radio system.