Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an image data transmission apparatus having synchronous data transmission mechanism. A primary image data transmission circuit transmits a primary aligning signal at a primary transmission time point and receives a secondary aligning signal at a primary reception time point, to calculate a primary time difference accordingly and generate a primary data transmission timing. A secondary image data transmission circuit transmits the secondary aligning signal at a secondary transmission time point and receives the primary aligning signal at a secondary reception time point, to calculate a secondary time difference and perform adjusting based on a timing adjusting amount to generate a secondary data transmission timing. The timing adjusting amount equalizes the primary and the secondary time differences.

Abstract: Proposed are a method and an apparatus for transmitting data in a wireless LAN system. Particularly, an AP transmits a PPDU to one STA. The AP transmits data to the one STA over a first NCCB band or a second NCCB band on the basis of the PPDU. The PPDU includes a first signal field and a second signal field. The first NCCB band is a 40 MHz or 60 MHz band generated by bonding a discontinuous 20 MHz band in an 80 MHz band. The second NCCB band is an 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 120 MHz, or 140 MHz band generated by bonding a discontinuous 20 MHz band in a 160 MHz band. The first signal field includes first information and second information. The first information is NCCB indication information on whether or not an NCCB can be performed. The second information is NCCB bandwidth information for a band to be used for transmitting the PPDU from the first NCCB band and the second NCCB band.

Abstract: A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system includes: receiving, from a base station, configuration information associated with a channel state information (CSI) report including at least one information associated with a CSI resource setting; receiving, from the base station, information associated with channel occupancy duration; determining whether at least one symbol for receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) is within channel occupancy duration, based on the at least one information associated with the CSI resource setting and the received information associated with the channel occupancy duration; receiving, from the base station, at least one CSI-RS on the at least one symbol, based on a result of the determining; and when the CSI report is determined to be transmitted, transmitting, to the base station, the CSI report based on the configuration information associated with the CSI report and the received at least one CSI-RS.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a data transmission method and a communications device. The method in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: obtaining, by a first communications device, a transmission mode instruction, where the transmission mode instruction is used to instruct to use a frequency-domain repetition mode to transmit data, and the frequency-domain repetition mode means that same data is repeatedly transmitted on different frequency-domain resources; determining, by the first communications device, the frequency-domain repetition mode based on the transmission mode instruction; and performing, by the first communications device, data transmission with a second communications device in the frequency-domain repetition mode.

Abstract: According to the present invention, UL control information can be reported properly in future radio communication systems. According to one aspect of the present invention, a radio base station includes a transmission section that transmits candidate set information that indicates a plurality of amounts of phase rotation that are associated respectively with a plurality of candidate values of UCI, a control section that controls judgement of the UCI value based on the UL signal, and the plurality of amounts of phase rotations are provided at regular intervals.

Abstract: Example communications methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes generating a first signal by a base station. The base station performs cyclic delay diversity (CDD) weighted processing on the first signal to obtain a second signal, and performs densified beam weighted processing on the second signal to obtain a third signal. The third signal is sent by the base station via an antenna. According to the foregoing method, the CDD weighted processing is performed on the first signal generated by the base station, so that time diversity can be obtained when the first signal is transmitted. In addition, the densified beam weighted processing is performed on the second signal obtained after the CDD weighted processing, so that a quantity of beams scanned by the base station can be increased.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for sending and receiving rotation speed information and corresponding computer programs and electronically readable data carriers are provided. A current interface is configured to transmit pulse sequences coding a number of bits. In a first bit group of the number of bits, it is flagged whether the pulse sequence has been sent for a zero crossing in a magnetic field. Information modulated onto a second bit group of the number of bits is selected on the basis of the first bit group.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication in wireless local area networks (WLANs). According to some embodiments, a downlink OFDMA frame may be transmitted. An uplink OFDMA frame including acknowledgements associated with the downlink OFDMA frame may be received. The uplink OFDMA frame may be processed, in some instances including determining which devices receiving the downlink OFDMA frame transmitted an acknowledgement associated with the downlink OFDMA frame in the uplink OFDMA frame.

Abstract: A MIPI D-PHY circuit comprises a main control module, a controlled module, an internal data source generating module, and a configuration register. The main control module and the controlled module are respectively connected to the configuration register, and the main control module is connected to the internal data source generating module. The main control module and the controlled module comprise a clock channel and a data channel respectively. The clock channel and the data channel in the main control module and the data channel and the clock channel in the controlled module both comprise an error detection unit. The MIPI D-PHY circuit provided by the present disclosure adopts the error detection unit to detect the signals of the main control module and the controlled module.

Abstract: Discussed herein are devices, systems, and methods for efficient sparse matrix factorization. A method can include writing matrix data representing a sparse matrix to a memory, after writing the matrix data to the memory, write data to a control register of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) indicating the matrix data is available for factorization, and in response to either of (i) reading a status register indicating that the FPGA has factorized the matrix data, or (ii) receiving a software interrupt indicating that the FPGA has factorized the matrix data, determining a solution to a linear system of equations represented by the sparse matrix.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for receiving signaling information in a digital broadcasting system. The method includes receiving a frame including a first coded block, a second coded block, and at least one physical layer pipe (PLP) data; decoding the first coded block to identify first signaling information for a physical layer; and decoding the second coded block to identify second signaling information. The first signaling information has a fixed number of bits. The second signaling information has a variable number of bits. The first signaling information includes information indicating a forward error correction (FEC) type of the second signaling information for receiving the second signaling information. The second signaling information includes information indicating a modulation scheme used for related PLP data.

Abstract: This application provides a sequence-based signal processing method and apparatus. A sequence meeting a requirement for sending a signal by using a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) is determined. The sequence is a sequence {fn} including N elements, and fn is an element in the sequence {fn}. The determined sequence {fn} is a sequence that meets a preset condition. Then the N elements in the sequence {fn} are respectively mapped to N subcarriers to generate and send a first signal. With the determined sequence, when the signal is sent by using the PUCCH, a low cross-correlation between sequences can be maintained, and a relatively small peak to average power ratio (PAPR) value and a relatively small and cubic metric (CM) value can be maintained. Therefore, a requirement in a communications application environment in which the signal is sent by using the PUCCH is met.

Abstract: Various aspects described herein relate to techniques for uplink transmissions in wireless communication systems. In an aspect, a method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE), hopping information for two consecutive symbols, generating, by the UE, a first symbol of the two consecutive symbols using a format, generating, by the UE, a second symbol of the two consecutive symbols based on the format and the hopping information, and transmitting, by the UE, the two consecutive symbols in an uplink signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, systems and methods between a between a plurality of collaborating Access Points (APs) and a receiving station (STA) operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN). The method include the steps of: transmitting, by each AP in the plurality of collaborating APs, a data frame to the receiving STA, each data frame has a preamble portion, the preamble portion including a signal (SIG) field, and the SIG field has a subfield including information representative of a total number of spatial streams transmitted by the plurality of collaborating APs.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. A first node generates a first bit block, performs channel coding and then transmits a first radio signal. The first bit block comprising all bits in a second bit block and all bits in a third bit block is used for an input of the channel coding, and an output of the channel coding is used for generating the first radio signal. A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bit block of a fourth bit block is used for generating the third bit block. The fourth bit block comprises all bits in the second bit block and all bits in a fifth bit block, the bits in the fifth bit block are of fixed values, and the fifth bit block is composed of K bits, the K being a positive integer.

Abstract: A user equipment in a wireless communication system receives RACH configuration information including preamble format information indicating a first format and transmits a RACH preamble with the first format. The RACH preamble with the first format includes a cyclic prefix (CP) part and a sequence part in a time domain. The RACH preamble with the first format satisfies: a CP length of the RACH preamble of the first format is N times a CP length NCP of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, where N is the number of OFDM symbols used to transmit a RACH preamble and is greater than 1.

Abstract: A method in a transmitter circuit of generating a signal comprising a first sequence of OFDM symbols, which are to be transmitted within a frequency sub band of a second sequence of OFDM symbols is disclosed. A first cyclic prefix (CP) of the second sequence of OFDM symbols has a first duration, and a second CP of the second sequence of OFDM symbols has a second duration. In order to generate both the first and the second cyclic prefix with an integer number of equidistant samples, a first sampling rate is required. The method comprises generating the signal comprising the first sequence of OFDM symbols at a second sampling rate, lower than the first sampling rate, and adjusting a sampling phase during CPs.

Abstract: A transmission method comprises: generating a transmission signal including OFDM symbols, wherein the last OFDM symbol of the OFDM symbols can be partitioned into four segments, and wherein the generating includes: computing an initial padding factor value associated with one of the four segments and computing an initial number of OFDM symbols; determining a user with a longest packet duration among plural users; determining a common padding factor value being the initial padding factor value and a common number of OFDM symbols being the initial number of OFDM symbols of the determined user with the longest packet duration; adding pre-FEC padding bits toward one of four possible boundaries of the last OFDM symbol, the one of four possible boundaries being represented by the determined common padding factor value; and adding post-FEC padding bits in remaining segment(s) of the last OFDM symbol; and transmitting the generated transmission signal.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a transmission method and a reception device for securing favorable communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code. In group-wise interleaving, the LDPC code with a code length N of 69120 bits is interleaved in units of 360-bit bit groups 0 to 191. In group-wise deinterleaving, a sequence of the LDPC code after group-wise interleaving is returned to an original sequence. The present technology can be applied, for example, in a case of performing data transmission using an LDPC code, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for determining a sequence group and a method and device for determining a cyclic shift. The method includes: determining a symbol index of a first specified orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in a scheduling unit; and determining a sequence group or cyclic shift used by a channel or a signal according to the symbol index.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and device for transferring, by an emitter, a flow of samples to a receiver through a wireless interface using Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access. The emitter: —selects consecutive blocks of M samples of the flow of samples, —modulates each selected block, —selects, for each modulated block, half of the modulated block located in the center of the modulated block, —selects, with a M/2 sample shift, consecutive blocks of M samples, —modulates each selected block with the shift, —selects, for each modulated block with the shift, half of the modulated block with the shift located in the center of the modulated block with the shift, —forms a stream composed of one in two half ordered modulated blocks and, between two half ordered modulated blocks, one half ordered modulated block with the shift, —transfers the formed stream.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for narrowband UEs. In one novel aspect, frequency hopping is used. The UE stays on the first frequency band for consecutive number of subframes before hopping to another frequency band. In another embodiment, the first set of resource elements and the second set of resource elements are discontinued with a gap in the time domain. In another novel aspect, the UE obtains sub-band information and a resource index and generates a communication channel for data frame transmission and receiving. In one embodiment, the UE further acquires the sub-band set information through system information. In yet another embodiment, the resource index is acquired from DCI. In yet another novel aspect, resource blocks are selected for a PUCCH for a narrowband UE. The UE determines an operating sub-band information and selects one or more narrowband regions for the PUCCH.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides optimized coding and decoding methods for polar codes and corresponding encoder and decoder. The coding method comprises: providing to-be-encoded input bits that include free bits and remaining bits; dividing the remaining bits into a plurality of fragments; providing a connection code; connecting one fragment of the remaining bits to the connection code to thereby form a connected fragment, while the remaining being still unconnected fragments; performing polarization coding to the free bits, the connected fragment, and the unconnected fragments to obtain the polar codes.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first circuit configured to carry out digital-to-analog conversion on input data; a high-pass filter configured to reduce a component, the component having a frequency lower than a predetermined cutoff frequency, in delayed input data obtained by delaying the input data, and output the delayed input data; a second circuit configured to carryout the digital-to-analog conversion on the delayed input data that passes through the high-pass filter; and a third circuit configured to drive a transmission signal, the transmission signal based on an addition signal obtained by adding an output signal of the first circuit and an output signal of the second circuit.

Abstract: Within many applications impulse radio based ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmission offers significant benefits for very short range high data rate communications when compared with existing standards and protocols. In many of these applications the main design goals are very low power consumption and very low complexity design for easy integration and cost reduction. Digitally programmable IR-UWB transmitters using an on-off keying modulation scheme on a 0.13 microns CMOS process operating on 1.2 V supply and yielding power consumption as low as 0.9 mW at a 10 Mbps data rate with dynamic power control are enabled. The IR-UWB transmitters support new frequency hopping techniques providing more efficient spectrum usage and dynamic allocation of the spectrum when transmitting in highly congested frequency bands. Biphasic scrambling is also introduced for spectral line reduction.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a transmission device, a receiving device, and a data processing method that enable bandwidth control over PLPs when one frequency band includes the plurality of PLPs. The transmission device determines the number of cells of a component to be transmitted by each of PLPs such that the number of cells in an entire physical layer frame including the plurality of PLPs matches a sum of the number of cells of the plurality of PLPs, and transmits a broadcast stream including the physical layer frame. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a system for transmitting a broadcast stream including a physical layer frame including a plurality of PLPs.

Abstract: A method for uplink multiuser data transmission and a system for uplink multiuser multiple input multiple output are provided. The method includes: sending, by an access point (AP), indication information to at least two stations (STAs), wherein the indication information is used for indicating that the at least two STAs perform an uplink multiuser data transmission; receiving, by the AP, uplink data sent by the at least two STAs through channels from the at least two STAs to the AP, respectively; and demodulating, by the AP, the uplink data sent by the at least two STAs using receiving beams corresponding to pre-estimated channels from the at least two STAs to the AP, respectively.

Abstract: [Object] Provided is a mechanism for enhancing resistance against an interference that possibly occur due to non-orthogonality of a resource in a communication system holding communication with a mixture of a plurality of communication parameter sets. [Solving Means] A transmitting apparatus holding communication using a plurality of communication parameter sets in a unit resource, and including a processing section that transmits a data signal and a reference signal generated using the parameter sets different between the data signal and the reference signal to a receiving apparatus.

Abstract: A receiver has an antenna to receive a pulse shaped transmit signal transmitted by a transmitter of a multi carrier (MC) pulse shaped transmission system. The pulse shaped transmit signal includes a predefined signal pattern. The predefined signal pattern is not subjected to pulse shaping. The receiver includes a filter to pulse shape filter the pulse shaped transmit signal to obtain data for the receiver. The predefined signal pattern is retrieved from the pulse shaped transmit signal prior to filtering the pulse shaped transmit signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for interpolation of polar signals in RF transmitters is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an estimation circuit configured to receive an input in-phase (I) quadrature (Q) signal comprising a plurality of input IQ samples having a first sampling rate associated therewith, and determine a selection metric value indicative of a position of an IQ trajectory associated with one or more input IQ samples of the input IQ signal. The apparatus further comprises a selection circuit configured to receive the input IQ signal and the selection metric value; and adaptively provide the input IQ signal to a first interpolation circuit that implements a first interpolation method or to a second interpolation circuit that implements a second, different interpolation method, for generating interpolated polar samples at a second, different sampling rate, from the input IQ signal, based on the selection metric value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for OFDM channelization are provided that allow for the coexistence of sub-band channels and diversity channels. Methods of defining diversity sub-channels and sub-band sub-channels are provided and systematic channel definition and labeling schemes are provided.

Abstract: A time synchronization device performs a time synchronization process with a device that provides first and second time values. The time synchronization device includes a packet processing circuit, a time counting circuit, and a processor. The packet processing circuit includes a timestamp counter having an N-bit length, and the packet processing circuit provides first to third time counting values. The processor calculates the first offset value based on the first and second time values and the first and second time counting values; calculates the first adjustment value based on the first offset value and the reciprocal of the frequency of the time counting circuit; calculates a second quotient value and a second remainder value based on the first adjustment value and the N-bit length; and calculates the receiving time of the second synchronization packet based on the N-bit length, the second quotient value, and the third time counting value.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of communicating with a host apparatus includes a symbol generation unit, a coding unit, and a transmission unit. The symbol generation unit includes a random number generation circuit and generates a symbol according to a random number generated by the random number generation circuit. The coding unit performs 8 b/10 b coding for the symbol. The transmission unit transmits the symbol coded by the 8 b/10 b coding unit to the host apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device in a base station and a User Equipment (UE) for power adjustment. The UE first transmits a first radio signal. The first radio signal occupies T time unit(s) in time domain, and the T is used for determining a first component. A first reference power is in linear correlation with the first component. A transmit power of the first radio signal is a first power, and the first reference power is used for determining the first power. The T is a positive integer. The above method can ensure that the first radio signal keeps a stable coverage in the condition that the first radio signal occupies different numbers of time units.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polar code encoding methods and apparatus. One example method includes obtaining a first sequence used to encode K to-be-encoded bits, where the first sequence includes sequence numbers of N polarized channels, the sequence numbers of the N polarized channels are arranged in the first sequence based on reliability of the N polarized channels, K is a positive integer, N is a mother code length of a polar code, N is a positive integer power of 2, and K?N, selecting sequence numbers of K polarized channels from the first sequence in descending order of reliability, placing the K to-be-encoded bits based on the selected sequence numbers of the K polarized channels, and performing polar code encoding on the K to-be-encoded bits.

Abstract: A reception apparatus including a tuner and circuitry is provided. The tuner is configured to receive a transmission frame including a bootstrap portion, a preamble portion, and a payload portion. The circuitry is configured to extract first signaling information from the bootstrap portion to decode the preamble portion, and extract second signaling information from the preamble portion to decode the payload portion. The bootstrap portion includes at least one of a first symbol used for synchronization, a second symbol that signals emergency alert information, or a third symbol that signals the first signaling information.

Abstract: A wireless communications system (10) and a method therein for transmission of a downlink signal in a wireless communications network (100) supporting beamforming. The system estimates uplink channel information for a radio link from a wireless device (120) to a radio network node (110). Further, the system obtains downlink beamforming information related to the estimated uplink channel information from a machine learning unit (300). The machine learning unit comprises relationships between beamforming information and uplink channel information determined based on stored pairs of reported downlink beamforming information and measured uplink channel information. The obtained downlink beamforming information is applicable for the radio cell sector. Furthermore, the system transmits, towards the wireless device (120), a beamformed downlink signal using the obtained downlink beamforming information.

Abstract: A method for use in a transmitter includes sending a transmission comprising a transport block (TB) comprising a plurality of code blocks (CBs) arranged in one or more code block groups (CBGs). Each code block group includes one or more code blocks and each code block includes a plurality of coded bits. The transmission is sent to a receiver configured to use multi-bit hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback per transport block. The method further includes receiving HARQ ACK or NACK feedback from the receiver one or more of the one or more code block groups of the transport block. The method further includes determining a number of code blocks or code block groups to send to the receiver in a retransmission based on at least the received HARQ ACK or NACK feedback.

Abstract: Utilizing the topological character of patterns in 3D structures is beneficial for information storage, magnetic memory and logic systems. One embodiment describes the use of topological knots, exemplified by a Möbius strip, in which a spin traversing along the band for a complete cycle will recover its original position, while having rotated away from its original orientation. The spins can respond to an external magnetic field, but cannot achieve a ferromagnetic state, in which all magnetic moments are pointing in the same direction, due to the topological knot. 3D assemblies of such nano-Möbius strips may form a prototype secure magnetic information storage device that are secure and with extremely low levels of energy dissipation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. In order to exchange data over a given wireless communication network, a wireless device may first perform a cell acquisition procedure (e.g., to determine cell-specific information such as timing and frequency offsets, bandwidth, control channel formatting, etc.). In some systems, aspects of the timing information may be conveyed with scrambling codes applied to a master information block (MIB). Physical broadcast channel (PBCH) payloads, including MIB transmissions, may be jointly encoded with synchronization signal indices. Bursts of MIB transmissions may thus be decoded without blind decoding while maintaining error protection and low latency that may be necessary to obtain critical system information within the MIB.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for outputting an analog signal are disclosed. A plurality of transmit levels corresponding to respective predetermined equalization levels is provided. A stream of digital signals carrying data is provided. A transmit level from among the plurality of transmit levels based on the digital signals carrying data is selected. The selected transmit level is received, the selected transmit level is converted to an analog signal of the selected transmit level, and the analog signal of the selected transmit level is output over a signal interface.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for transmission of reference signals. A method is performed by a terminal device. The terminal device is configured for codebook based precoding. The terminal device comprises at least two physical antenna ports. The method comprises transmitting, in all physical antenna port, as many uplink reference signals as there are physical antenna ports in total.

Abstract: A base station transmits low-density configuration information and high-density configuration information on a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) of a beam. A user equipment performs beam measurement, using a CSI-RS received on the basis of the low-density configuration information (hereinafter, a low-density CSI-RS), and performs time tracking, using a CSI-RS received on the basis of the high-density configuration information (hereinafter, a high-density CSI-RS). At least in a frequency domain, the high-density CSI-RS is configured to have a higher density than that of the low-density CSI-RS.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system that can sustain a reduction in delay in FFT/IFFT processing by code blocking user data, even in a case where the functions of upper layers such as a MAC scheduler and the function of the radio physical layer are implemented separately. In a radio base station (communication system) including a central aggregation device 210 and a remote device 220, the central aggregation device 210 transmits code blocks in a number necessary for generating an OFDM symbol as a piece of data to the remote device 220, the code blocks being produced by dividing user data into units of encoding processing.

Abstract: A method of operating a controller which controls a nonvolatile memory device includes enabling a command latch enable signal, an address latch enable signal, and a write enable signal and transmitting multiple data signals including a command and an address to the nonvolatile memory device in synchronization with the enabled write enable signal. A number of DQ lines through which the plurality of data signals are transmitted is greater than a number of bits of each of the data signals. The method also include disabling the command latch enable signal after the command is transmitted, and disabling the address latch enable signal and the write enable signal after the address is transmitted.

Abstract: An all-digital transmitter (ADT) is provided. The ADS includes a baseband interface configured to store and transmit an (baseband) input signal at a corresponding frequency band, a polyphase finite impulse response filter configured to receive and convert the baseband input signal into different phases, a digital upconverter configured to upconvert each of the different phase baseband input signal to a predetermined carrier frequency in a digital domain, a set of multi-core 2-dimensional network-resonant digital plane wave beamfilters, wherein each of the multi-core 2D NR-DPW beamfilters is configured to transmit the upconverted baseband input signal by a target angle, a multi-core delta-sigma modulator configured to encode the upconverted input signal into pulsating signals, and a serializer configured to serialize the encoded pulsating signals into a RF bitstream.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving multicast/broadcast data in a wireless communication system, and an apparatus therefore.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of operating a radio node in a wireless communication network. The method includes communicating utilising signaling, wherein communicating utilising signaling is based on performing pulse-shaping pertaining to the signaling. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a device for transmitting uplink data by using a non-orthogonal code multiple access scheme in a wireless communication system. Particularly, a terminal receives control information from a base station. The terminal selects a terminal-specific codeword or receives allocation information of the terminal-specific codeword on the basis of the control information. The terminal transmits uplink data by using the terminal-specific codeword. The terminal-specific codeword is determined as a codeword having a value with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), when the terminal is located on the outside of a cell. The terminal-specific codeword is determined as a codeword having a value with a high PAPR, when the terminal is located in the center of the cell.

Abstract: Transmission of baseband and carrier-modulated vector codewords, using a plurality of encoders, each encoder configured to receive information bits and to generate a set of baseband-encoded symbols representing a vector codeword; one or more modulation circuits, each modulation circuit configured to operate on a corresponding set of baseband-encoded symbols, and using a respective unique carrier frequency, to generate a set of carrier-modulated encoded symbols; and, a summation circuit configured to generate a set of wire-specific outputs, each wire-specific output representing a sum of respective symbols of the carrier-modulated encoded symbols and at least one set of baseband-encoded symbols.