Abstract: According to one embodiment, a flexible wedge filter is arranged between an X-ray tube and an examinee to attenuate a dose according to an X-ray from the X-ray tube. The flexible wedge filter has a plurality of filter modules 39 having a configuration capable of individually changing an X-ray transmission path length in an X-ray shielding material. The PCCT gantry controller individually operates the plurality of filter modules such that a dose according to an X-ray incident to an X-ray detector from the X-ray tube via the examinee is distributed substantially uniformly in spatial.

Abstract: Tomosynthesis data may be acquired from an ionizing radiation source that substantially continuously emits radiation while its position is varied relative to a photon counting detector. The detector detects photons comprised within the radiation and photon data indicative of the detected photons is generated. The photon data may comprise data related to a detected photon's detection time, detection location on the detector, energy level, and/or trajectory from the radiation source, for example. The photon data of various photons may be compiled into a plurality of bins and, through reconstruction and tomosynthesis techniques, produce synthesized images of various tomography planes of an object under examination. In this way, the tomosynthesis techniques rely on counting photons rather than measuring their energy to create synthesized images.

Abstract: A method for photon count-loss calibration in a computed-tomography (CT) scanner, including capturing incident X-ray photons via a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors, determining photon counts of the captured incident X-ray photons in a plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector, and adjusting the determined photon counts in each energy window for each energy-discriminating detector based on a pre-determined photon count-loss look-up table and the determined photon counts.

Abstract: A method for detector angular response calibration in computed-tomography (CT) comprising capturing incident X-ray photons, emitted from an X-ray source, via a plurality of energy-discriminating detectors, determining photon counts of the captured incident X-ray photons in a plurality of energy windows at each energy-discriminating detector, and adjusting the photon counts based on a pre-determined detector angular response calibration look-up table for a given view for each energy-discriminating detector at each energy window.

Abstract: A multi energy, such as dual-energy (“DE”), x-ray imaging system data acquisition and image reconstruction system and method enables optimizing the image contrast of a sample. Using the DE x-ray imaging system and its associated user interface applications, an operator performs a low energy (“LE”) and high energy (“HE”) x-ray scan of the same volume of interest of the sample. The system creates a low-energy reconstructed tomographic volume data set from the set of low-energy projections and a high-energy tomographic volume data set from the set of high-energy projections. This enables the operator to control the image contrast of selected slices, and apply the information associated with optimizing the contrast of the selected slice to all slices in the low-energy and high-energy tomographic data sets. This creates a combined volume data set from the LE and HE volume data sets with optimized image contrast throughout.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to adaptively reconstruct medical diagnostic images are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes storing non-reconstructed image data captured by a medical image acquisition system, receiving a parameter representing a region of interest from a diagnostic imaging workstation, and communicating a portion of the non-reconstructed image data associated with the region of interest to the diagnostic imaging workstation in response to receiving the parameter, wherein the portion of the non-reconstructed image data is processed by the diagnostic imaging workstation to form a medical diagnostic image.

Abstract: DPC (differential phase contrast) images are acquired for each photon energy channel, which are called spectral DPC images. The final DPC image can be computed by summing up these spectral DPC images or just computed using certain ‘color’ representation algorithms to enhance desired features. In addition, with quasi-monochromatic x-ray source, the required radiation dose is substantially reduced, while the image quality of DPC images remains acceptable.

Abstract: We provide a radiotherapy apparatus including a source of therapeutic radiation, a source of imaging radiation having an energy level less than that of the therapeutic radiation, a detector for radiation lying within the field of both the therapeutic radiation and the imaging radiation and able to image both, a first imaging circuit supplied with the output of the detector, a second imaging circuit also supplied with the output of the detector, a first pulse trigger circuit adapted to trigger the source of therapeutic radiation to produce a pulse of therapeutic radiation and to trigger the first imaging circuit to capture an output of the detector; and a second pulse trigger circuit adapted to trigger the source of imaging radiation to produce a pulse of imaging radiation and to trigger the second imaging circuit to capture an output of the detector.

Abstract: Among other things, one or more techniques and/or systems for correcting projection data representative of an object under examination to account for drift in a radiation system are provided. System drift is measured by performing a drift calibration on the radiation system. During the drift calibration, a temperature of the radiation system is measured and one or more calibration tables, such as an air table and/or offset table, are corrected based upon the measured temperature to derive a theoretical projection (e.g., indicative of measurements that are expected to be acquired from the radiation system during the drift calibration). The theoretical projection is compared to an actual projection acquired during the drift calibration to measure a degree of drift. Based upon the measured degree of drift, one or more correction factors are determined to correct and/or otherwise adjust for system drift in a projection respective of the object.

Abstract: For correcting differential phase image data 52, differential phase image data 52 acquired with radiation at different energy levels is received, wherein the differential phase image data 52 comprises pixels 60, each pixel 60 having a phase gradient value 62a, 62b, 62c for each energy level. After that an energy dependent behavior of phase gradient values 62a, 62b, 62c of a pixel 60 is determined and a corrected phase gradient value 68 for the pixel 60 is determined from the phase gradient values 62a, 62b, 62c of the pixel 60 and a model for the energy dependence of the phase gradient values 62a, 62b, 62c.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an x-ray source, a detector, a data acquisition system (DAS) operably connected to the detector, and a computer operably connected to the DAS. The computer is programmed to obtain CT scan data with two or more incident energy spectra, decompose the obtained CT scan data into projection CT data of a first basis material and a second basis material, generate a first basis material image and a second basis material image using the decomposed projection CT data, generate a first monochromatic image from the first basis material image and the second basis material image at a first energy that is selected based on an amount of correlated noise at the first energy, noise-reduce the first monochromatic image to generate a noise-reduced first monochromatic image, and generate a final monochromatic image based at least on the noise-reduced first monochromatic image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system, in particular to a multi-energy CT imaging system and imaging method.

Abstract: A CT imaging method and a CT system based on a multi-mode scout scan. The CT imaging method based on a multi-mode scout scan comprises: performing an instant switching dual energy scout radiation scan on a region of interest of a subject by way of instant switching between high voltage and low voltage to collect dual energy protection data of the region of interest; and reconstructing a material decomposition image and a mono-energetic image based on the collected dual energy projection data.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for creating a 3-Dimensional model for objects in an inspected luggage in a CT system. The method includes acquiring slice data of the luggage with the CT system; interpolating the slice data to generate 3D volume data of the luggage; performing unsupervised segmentation on the 3D volume data of the luggage to obtain a plurality of segmental regions; performing isosurface extraction on the plurality of segmental regions to obtain corresponding isosurfaces; and performing 3D surface segmentation on the isosurfaces to form a 3D model for the objects in the luggage. The above solutions can create a 3D model for objects in the inspected luggage in a relatively accurate manner, and thus provide better basis for subsequent shape feature extraction and security inspection, and reduce omission factor.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system of processing a multi-energy X-ray image. Through the method and system, a plurality of target images may be acquired using an X-ray detector enabling an energy separation to be performed in a predetermined time interval, with respect to a target where a contrast agent is applied, and a signal processing may be performed on the acquired target images, thereby detecting and reading benign/malignant lesions or masses.

Abstract: Combined systems that rely on a single source able to switch between therapeutic emissions and diagnostic emissions for a cone-beam CT scanner can be improved by rotating the collimator during CT scanning to allow a wider maximum aperture. The detector can also be positioned in an offset manner so as to take best advantage of this aperture. The rotated position for a collimator with a rectangular aperture (such as a square) can be one in which a diagonal of the aperture lies transverse to the plane swept out by the beam axis during rotation of the mount. More generally, where the aperture has at least one straight edge, the predetermined position is one in which the straight edge lies at an oblique angle to the plane swept out by the beam axis during rotation of the mount.

Abstract: A method for processing projection data is provided. The method includes acquiring projection data of an object including a high-energy projection value and a low-energy projection value for each of a plurality of measurements, adjusting, for each measurement pair, the high- and low-energy projection values until a projection value difference between the high- and low-energy projection values is within a predetermined range of acceptable projection value differences, and generating an image of the object based on the adjusted high- and low-energy projection values.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an X-ray scanner that has an electron source and an anode. The anode has a target surface with a series of material areas spaced along it in a scanning direction. The material areas are formed from different materials. The electron source is arranged to direct electrons at a series of target areas of the target surface, in a predetermined order, so as to generate X-ray beams having different energy spectra.

Abstract: A radiation diagnosis apparatus, which employs a reduced number of data acquisition units while showing the same effect as that of the related art (PET, SPECT or x-ray CT) includes: a first radiation detector; a second radiation detector an inverter formed at an output terminal of the first radiation detector; a discriminator for receiving a common signal from the first and second radiation detector and outputting a control signal corresponding to the input common signal; and a data acquisition unit and indentifying an output signal of which detector of the first and second detectors the input signal is according to a polarity difference of the input signal, to provide a radiation diagnosis apparatus which employs a reduced number of data acquisition units while showing the same effect as that of the related art.

Abstract: A method is provided to allow characterization of rock or other types of samples using a sliver that is prepared to have a sample and optionally a plurality of thin discrete reference objects encapsulated by hardened encapsulant that surrounds the peripheral edges of the sample and any reference objects. Systems for performing the methods are also provided. An x-ray scannable sliver also is provided as a single unit that has a thin discrete sample and a plurality of thin discrete reference objects encapsulated by hardened encapsulant that encases the peripheral edges of the sample and reference objects.

Abstract: A system and method for the accurate quantitative evaluation of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) projection data that is acquired in a dual-source helical scan includes employing a dual-source z-axis helical interpolation method. The method includes transforming the two helical projection data sets, where corresponding projections of high- and low-energy data sets are shifted with respect to one another by 90 degrees or another angle, into corresponding non-helical projection data sets. A dual-source helical interpolation algorithm allows for projection space dual-energy processing by realigning the high- and low-energy datasets based on the z-axis interpolation. This algorithm may be implemented using a variety of interpolation schemes and can be extended from single slice to multi-slice data acquisitions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medical image processing apparatus includes an image storage unit, an estimation unit, a combination ratio determination unit, and a combined image generation unit. The estimation unit is configured to estimate an abundance ratio of one of a first and second substances to the other for each pixel based on attenuation coefficients of the first substance which correspond to a first and second energies, the attenuation coefficients of a second substance which correspond to the first and second energies, and pixel values of a first and second medical images. The combination ratio determination unit is configured to determine combination ratios of pixel values between the first and second medical images for each pixel based on the abundance ratios of the first and second substances and the attenuation coefficients of the first and second substances which are associated with a target energy.

Abstract: A CT scanning apparatus includes a control apparatus arranged to cause a first rotation of a gantry and trigger an x-ray source to emit x-radiation at a first x-ray energy when an angular encoder reports that the gantry is at each of multiple predetermined angular locations, and cause a second rotation of the gantry and trigger the x-ray source to emit x-radiation at a second x-ray energy differing from the first x-ray energy when the angular encoder reports that the gantry is at each of the same predetermined angular locations. An image processing means receives the projection images and reconstructs them into a volumetric image. A support couch is provided for the patient, and to minimize the likelihood of movement artifacts, the support couch includes a patient immobilisation system such as an evacuatable bead bag, bite post, or stereotactic frames, or the like.

Abstract: A device and a method are disclosed, for energetic calibration of a photon-counting X-ray radiation detector by way of X-ray fluorescence radiation. The device includes a plurality of specifically selected elements, of which each element, upon being irradiated with electrons or with high-energy radiation, emits photons of X-ray fluorescence radiation of at least one specific or characteristic energy. The photons of X-ray fluorescence radiation of the at least one specific or characteristic energy are then useable or are used for energetic calibration of the photon-counting X-ray radiation detector. A calibration apparatus and an X-ray apparatus are also disclosed, which include such a device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining bone mineral density values of an object. In an embodiment, the method includes acquisition of first two-dimensional projection overview image data of the object to be examined in an image detail with a first X-ray energy; acquisition of at least second two-dimensional projection overview image data of the object to be examined in an image detail with at least one different second X-ray energy; determining a bone overview image data record using the first and second projection overview image data; determining at least one specific evaluation region of the image detail using the bone overview image data record; and determining a bone mineral density value for the specific evaluation region of the image detail using the image data of the bone overview image data record in the specific evaluation region. A computerized tomography system for implementing a method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mammography CT system is disclosed which includes an X-ray generator; and a first radiator-detector system. A contrast medium, including an opacifying element including an absorption peak in a first energy range, is useable for tomographic imaging of a female breast of a patient. After filtering, the X-rays with a prespecified tube voltage that form at an anode, are configured to emit an X-ray spectrum having a second energy range, wherein the radiator-detector system is configured to acquire a plurality of circumferential projections around the breast. The first energy range is a part of the second energy range and the second energy range includes an upper limit of less than 70 keV and a lower limit of greater than 20 keV. A corresponding method for generating tomographic mammography CT images is also disclosed.

Abstract: A contrast-enhanced imaging of an object is performed by an imaging device having a movable radiation source. A first projection image sequence of the object along a first trajectory over which the radiation source moves is recorded by radiation having a first energy spectrum. Subsequently, a second projection image sequence of the object along a second trajectory over which the radiation source moves is recorded by radiation having a second energy spectrum. A reconstruction of a three-dimensional subtraction image in relation to the different energy spectra is carried out by the first and second projection image sequence. In addition, a two-dimensional subtraction image in relation to the different energy spectra is reconstructed with the aid of the first and second projection image sequence. In this way, apart from a three-dimensional subtraction image, a two-dimensional subtraction image is also provided for better analysis of object characteristics.

Abstract: A method for collecting multi-energy CT data is provided. A method of reconstruction from multi-energy CT scan is further provided, in which data collection is performed on the first-class object at voltage values of m sampling points of the first-class voltage varied periodically, to obtain n sets of multi-energy first-class scan data {1}; and a data collection is performed on a double-cylinder correction phantom at the voltage values of m sampling points to obtain combination coefficients, and thus obtaining corresponding combination coefficients Cfirsti and Csecondi corresponding to the case that the first-class scan data is collected in the ith projection angle at the first-class voltage; and the image vectors Xfirst and Xsecond are obtained by calculating a minimum value of the difference between the first-class scan data {yi} and the combination projection data CfirstiPi*Xfirst+Csecondi*Xsecond.

Abstract: A dual energy CT scanner includes an X ray source generating an X-ray beam, a stacked detector array for detecting radiation from the X-ray beam, the stacked detector array including a first layer of detectors and a second layer of detectors, wherein a packing density of detectors in at least a portion of the first layer is different than a packing density of detectors in a corresponding portion of the second layer, a data acquisition unit for sampling data from the detectors in the first and second layer; and an image reconstruction unit for reconstructing an image from data acquired from at least one layer of the stacked detector array.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for calibrating a CT system with at least one focus-detector combination with a quanta-counting detector including a plurality of detector elements, with the focus-detector combination being arranged to enable it to be rotated around a measurement region and a system axis arranged therein, and an X-ray bundle going out from the focus to the detector which possesses an X-ray energy spectrum over an energy range. In at least one embodiment of the method, actual attenuation values from CT scans obtained with an X-ray energy spectrum are compared with theoretical mono-energetic required attenuation values even in the paralysis range of the quanta-counting detector and a transfer function is determined between the required attenuation values and the actual attenuation values for each detector element and thereby a calibration of the measured attenuation values is carried out.

Abstract: An apparatus for multi-energy tissue quantification includes an x-ray imaging system comprises an x-ray source configured to emit a beam of x-rays toward an object to be imaged, a detector configured to receive the x-rays attenuated by the object, and a data acquisition system (DAS) operably coupled to the detector. A computer operably connected to the x-ray source and the DAS is programmed to cause the x-ray source to emit x-rays at each of a first kVp and a second kVp toward the detector, acquire x-ray data from x-rays emitted at the first and second kVp through a region of interest (ROI), and perform a first multi-material decomposition based on the acquired x-ray data. The computer is also programmed to quantify a volume fraction of a first material in the ROI based on the first multi-material decomposition and display the volume fraction of the first material to a user.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an X-ray scanner that has an electron source and an anode. The anode has a target surface with a series of material areas spaced along it in a scanning direction. The material areas are formed from different materials. The electron source is arranged to direct electrons at a series of target areas of the target surface, in a predetermined order, so as to generate X-ray beams having different energy spectra.

Abstract: A method of evaluating tissue of an organ includes performing at least one of classification processing and clustering processing to obtain a processed dataset to visualize at least one of the imaging agent, blood, the contrast agent, and the biomedical agent distribution in the tissue, a relative regional uptake of the at least one of the imaging agent, blood, the contrast agent, and the biomedical agent in the tissue, relative regional flow of the at least one of the imaging agent, blood, the contrast agent, and the biomedical agent and the clearance or persistence of the at least one of the imaging agent, blood, the contrast agent, and the biomedical agent within the tissue and the characterization of elemental components of disease.

Abstract: A method and a computed tomography system are disclosed for generating tomographic image datasets of a measurement object with multiple simultaneously operable sets of detector elements. In at least one embodiment, at least one first set measures incident radiation over the entire energy spectrum of the incident radiation in an integrating manner and at least one second set measures incident radiation in at least two energy ranges in a resolving manner, wherein furthermore by way of the integrating measurements, the energy-resolving measurements relating in each case to rays traversing a measurement object in a spatially identical manner are corrected and a tomographic image dataset of the measurement object is reconstructed at least from the corrected energy-resolving measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reconstructing an X-ray image, including selecting an initial value of a reconstruction value of an internal tissue of a target object, inserting the reconstruction value into a first relationship function to calculate simulation data of measurement data which is detected from X-rays which have passed through the target object, inserting the detected measurement data and the calculated simulation data into a first expression and a second expression for respectively determining a first constant and second constant as coefficients of a second relationship function of a relationship between the measurement data and the simulation data, in order to calculate the first constant and the second constant, and inserting the first constant and the second constant into a third relationship function which relates to the first constant and second constant and the reconstruction value in order to update the reconstruction value.

Abstract: A spectral processor (118) includes a first processing channel (120) that generates a first spectral signal derived from a detector signal, wherein the first spectral signal includes first spectral information about the detector signal, and a second processing channel (120) that generates a second spectral signal derived from the detector signal, wherein the second spectral signal includes second spectral information about the detector signal, wherein the first and second spectral signals are used to spectrally resolve the detector signal, and wherein the detector signal is indicative of detected polychromatic radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detection apparatus comprising a filter (20) for filtering a conical radiation beam (4) such that at least a first region (22) and a second region (23) of the radiation beam are generated having different energy spectra, wherein the first region of the radiation beam illuminates a first detector area (25) on a detection surface (21) of a detector, thereby generating a first set of detection values, and the second region of the radiation beam illuminates a second detector area (26) on the detection surface, thereby generating a second set of detection values. For example, by using the filter the detection apparatus can be used as dual-energy computed tomography apparatus, wherein, for instance, a standard computed tomography apparatus can be transformed to a dual-energy computed tomography apparatus by adding the filter to the standard computed tomography apparatus, preferentially without modifying the radiation source and the detector.

Abstract: A method and system for dual energy CT image reconstruction are provided. In one aspect, a fast kVp switching x-ray source is used during an imaging scan to produce a low energy x-ray beam for L consecutive projection angles, and then to produce a high energy x-ray beam for H consecutive projection angles, wherein L is substantially less than H. Various methods are provided for estimating the resulting undersampled data in the low energy projection data set and the high energy projection data set. The missing low energy projection data may be estimated from the known high energy projection data using any one of several disclosed structural propagation embodiments.

Abstract: A CT imaging system includes a multi-position x-ray filter having a filter element configured to spectrally filter a beam of x-rays and a magnet structure configured to selectively generate a magnetic field to cause the filter element to move between filter and non-filter positions. A CT imaging system computer causes an x-ray source to emit x-rays at each of a first kVp and a second kVp and control the multi-position x-ray filter to position the filter element in the non-filter position during emission of the x-rays at the first kVp and in the filter position during emission of the x-rays at the second kVp. The computer causes current to be provided to the magnet structure so as to generate a magnetic field configured to move the filter element to the filter and non-filter positions at high frequency, into and out of a path of the beam of x-rays.

Abstract: A method and a system are provided to prepare a plurality of cuttings or other rock fragments or other porous media, such as cuttings from a drilling interval or multiple intervals, for computer tomographic scanning at the same time. A method and system also are provided to allow organization of mass quantities of cuttings or other rock fragments obtained from intervals of a well to more accurately categorize the cuttings to assist selections thereof for more detailed digital rock analysis, such as using SEM and FIB-SEM systems, are provided. A method and system also are provided to allow characterization of facies occurrence frequency of a depth interval using drill cuttings or other rock fragments. Computerized systems, computer readable media, and programs for performing the methods are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an X-ray tube that has a simple configuration and is capable of irradiating multiple different X-rays while switching them at a high rate, as well as an X-ray CT device using the X-ray tube. The X-ray tube comprises first and second electron generators, a deflection means, and a target. The deflection means switches the direction in which first and second electron beams are transmitted between first and second directions. The target comprises first, second, third, and fourth surfaces. The first surface receives a first electron beam transmitted toward the first direction and irradiates a first X-ray toward the irradiation field. The second surface receives a second electron beam transmitted toward the first direction and irradiates a second X-ray toward a direction different from the irradiation field. The third surface receives a first electron beam transmitted toward the second direction and irradiates the first X-ray toward a direction different from the predetermined irradiation field.

Abstract: A CT imaging system includes a multi-position x-ray filter having a filter element configured to spectrally filter a beam of x-rays and a magnet structure configured to selectively generate a magnetic field to cause the filter element to move between filter and non-filter positions. A CT imaging system computer causes an x-ray source to emit x-rays at each of a first kVp and a second kVp and control the multi-position x-ray filter to position the filter element in the non-filter position during emission of the x-rays at the first kVp and in the filter position during emission of the x-rays at the second kVp. The computer causes current to be provided to the magnet structure so as to generate a magnetic field configured to move the filter element to the filter and non-filter positions at high frequency, into and out of a path of the beam of x-rays.

Abstract: A method and system for determining normalized metrics for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and volume estimation. The normalized metrics including a VAT average cross-section determined by dividing a VAT volume by a height of the abdominal region of interest, and a VAT linear mass density determined by dividing the VAT mass by a height of an abdominal region of interest.

Abstract: A CT system includes a gantry, an x-ray source configured to project x-rays toward an object, an x-ray detector positioned to receive x-rays from the x-ray source that pass through the object, a generator configured to energize the x-ray source to a first voltage and to a second voltage that is distinct from the first voltage, and a controller configured to cause the gantry to position the source and generator at a circumferential position during an imaging session, pass the object through the opening during the imaging session, cause the generator to energize the x-ray source to the first voltage and to the second voltage, acquire imaging data while the generator energizes the x-ray source to the first voltage and to the second voltage while the rotatable gantry is at the circumferential position, and generate an image using the imaging data.

Abstract: The apparatus of at least one embodiment includes an input unit, a storage unit, an output unit, and an interface to the imaging device, via which configuration parameters of the imaging device can be read out or transferred. A calculating unit either reads out the configuration parameters from the imaging device or sends the configuration parameters to the imaging device if they have been entered at the input unit by an operator, the configuration parameters being required for the purpose of specifying the quantity of a contrast medium. The calculating unit is so designed as to calculate, on the basis of the parameters that have been entered and/or read out and calculation formulas which are stored in the storage unit, the quantity of a contrast medium that is required for these parameters, and to display the quantity via the output unit.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for filtering multi-energy images using spectral filtering technique is described. In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining a first image of an anatomical object corresponding to a first radiation energy. In addition, the method includes obtaining at least one additional image, herein called a second image of the anatomical object corresponding to at least one second radiation energy. The at least one second radiation energy is distinct from the first radiation energy. The method also includes determining joint attenuation characteristics of each tissue at the first radiation energy and at the second radiation energy or their derivatives. The method also includes selectively filtering attenuation value in a multi-energy space due to at least one tissue to generate a filtered image from a reference image. The reference image is one of the first image or the second image or their derivatives.

Abstract: A CT apparatus includes: a tube that produces an X-ray photon whose highest energy is higher than highest peak energy of characteristic X-rays; a detecting material; a unit that produces a first attenuation coefficient map which corresponds to a first energy region including the highest peak energy of the characteristic X-rays; a unit that transforms the first attenuation coefficient map into a second attenuation coefficient map of a second energy region; a unit that produces a scattered photon distribution of scattered X-ray photons on the basis of the second attenuation coefficient map; and a unit that produces data before reconstruction on the basis of the detected X-ray photon which corresponds to the second energy region, corrects and processes the data before reconstruction with the scattered photon distribution so as to produce corrected data, and reconstructs an image corresponding to the second energy region for which scattered radiation is corrected.

Abstract: A dental and orthopedic densitometry modeling system includes a controller with a microprocessor and a memory device connected to the microprocessor. An input device is also connected to the microprocessor for inputting diagnostic procedure parameters and patient information. X-ray equipment including an X-ray source and an X-ray detector array are connected to a positioning motor for movement relative to a patient's dental or orthopedic structure in response to signals from the microprocessor. The output consists of a tomographical densitometry model. A dental/orthopedic densitometry modeling method involves moving the X-ray equipment across a predetermined scan path, emitting dual-energy X-ray beams, and outputting an image color-coded to correspond to a patient's dental or orthopedic density.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus includes: a detector that detects X-rays that have passed through a subject; a data acquiring unit that, for each of predetermined energy bands, counts photons having an energy level included in the predetermined energy band, from among photons derived from the X-rays detected by the detector; an acquisition controlling unit that controls the data acquiring unit in such a manner that energy bands including energy levels which the photons representing substances that are not of interest have are each larger than an energy band including an energy level which the photons representing a substance of interest have, in accordance with an image taking condition under which an image taking process is performed on the subject; and an image reconstructing unit that reconstructs an X-ray CT image by using a counting result obtained by the data acquiring unit controlled by the acquisition controlling unit.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a reservoir includes a multi-energy X-ray CT scan of a sample, obtaining bulk density and photoelectric effect index effect for the sample, estimation of at least mineral property using data obtained from at least one of a core gamma scan, a spectral gamma ray scan, an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, or an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sample, and determination of at least one sample property by combining the bulk density, photoelectric effect index, and the at least one mineral property (e.g., total clay content). Reservoir properties, such as one or more of formation brittleness, porosity, organic material content, and permeability, can be determined by the method without need of detailed lab physical measurements or destruction of the sample. A system for evaluating a reservoir also is provided.