Abstract: A dermatoscope has a generally circular viewing opening, a plurality of light sources including first and second groups of light sources arranged about the viewing opening, a first polarizer for polarizing light passing through the viewing opening, and a second polarizer for polarizing light emitted from the first group of light sources, wherein the first and second groups of light sources are arranged at different distances from a center of the viewing opening so that light from the second group of light sources is not polarized by the second polarizer. A further dermatoscope has a head portion including a generally circular viewing opening, and at least one light source arranged proximate to the viewing opening; and a body portion including an image capture device, wherein the head portion is pivotally attached to the body portion selectively allowing alignment of the center of the viewing opening with the center of the field of view of the image capture device.

Abstract: An electronic device where molten solder does not come into contact with a sealant so as not to destroy a sealing function. An electronic device is provided with: an insulating base mounted on a printed circuit board; a common planar terminal provided so as to extend from an outer side surface to a bottom surface edge of the insulating base, and cause electrical continuity between the outer side surface and the bottom surface edge of the insulating base; a cover fitted to the insulating base and covering the common planar terminal; and a sealant sealing a gap between the outer side surface of the insulating base and an inner circumferential surface of the cover. A solder pool is formed in a position surrounded by the printed circuit board and the common planar terminal at the bottom surface edge of the insulating base.

Abstract: A mechanical solar tracking and solar concentrating system having a Fresnel lens, moveable frame, track, retaining mechanism, and solar collector. The lens focuses solar energy at the collector; the frame holds the collector and lens, keeping them aligned as the frame rotates; and the track guides the frame to maintain a perpendicular orientation to the Sun. The solar collector receives the Sun's rays and the retaining mechanism releases, at established intervals, allowing the frame to rotate to the next location. The cycle repeats, tracking the Sun and concentrating its rays at a focal point, to generate temperatures at the focal point in excess of 500° C. These high temperatures can be exploited in several applications, such as producing drinking water from dirty water; cooking food; disinfecting medical instruments; accelerating fermentation of certain types of flora to produce electricity; generating work for generic purposes; etc.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a chip transfer member includes a light-transmitting portion and a metal portion. The light-transmitting portion has a light incident surface, a light-emitting surface, and a side surface. The metal portion is provided at the side surface of the light-transmitting portion.

Abstract: A connector for optical fibers with lenses includes a ferrule to which an optical fiber with a lens is mounted and which has an end face inclined relative to a central axis, and a coupling member (sleeve) which coaxially couples a pair of the ferrules by making the ferrules to face each other in a non-contact state such that the end faces are parallel to each other. The ferrule has one or a plurality of holes which are parallel to the central axis at positions decentered from the central axis, the optical fiber with the lens being disposed in the hole, and the optical fibers with the lenses mounted to the pair of the ferrules have lens end faces which are inclined along the end faces of the ferrules so as to be optically coupled to each other.

Abstract: An inclination correcting processor performs an image process for correcting inclination of a surface image to a Z direction intersecting an X direction and a Y direction on the surface image of a sample which has been acquired from scanning by a scanning processor. The inclination correcting processor extracts a plurality of pixels from the surface image on a straight line along a predetermined direction and corrects inclination of the surface image based on luminance of the extracted pixels. In a case where correction is performed on the surface image of the sample having a flat surface at least in the one direction (P direction) intersecting the X direction and the Y direction, the inclination correcting processor performs the image process such that the predetermined direction (a direction of a straight line 28) substantially matches the one direction (P direction).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose an optical signal transmission method, apparatus, and system. The apparatus includes a short wavelength division multiplexer, a signal processor, a first linear driver, a second linear driver, a first transmitter, and a second transmitter. The signal processor is configured to perform bit rate allocation and code pattern modulation on a received binary signal, to obtain a first electrical signal to be sent to the first linear driver and a second electrical signal to be sent to the second linear driver. It can be learnt that, by implementing the embodiments of the present invention, a quantity of wavelengths transmitted in a multimode optical fiber can be reduced by performing bit rate allocation on a binary signal, thereby reducing interference between channels in the optical fiber for optical signal transmission.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical interconnection.

Abstract: The invention discloses the method of improved optical network cable, where the loss of light is prevented by embedding in it light source and light receiver thus minimizing the consequences of improper joint in optical network.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses described herein reduce the manufacturing time, the cost of parts, and the cost of assembly per laser for photonic interconnects incorporated into computing systems. An output side of a laser assembly is placed against an input side of a silicon interposer (SiP) such that each pad in a plurality of pads positioned on the output side of the laser assembly is in contact with a respective solder bump that is also in contact with a corresponding pad positioned on the input side of the SiP. The laser assembly is configured to emit laser light from the output side into an input grating of the SiP. The solder bumps are heated to a liquid phase. Capillary forces of the solder bumps realign the laser assembly and the SiP while the solder bumps are in the liquid phase. The solder bumps are then allowed to cool.

Abstract: A MEMS IR sensor, with a cavity in a substrate underlapping an overlying layer and a temperature sensing component disposed in the overlying layer over the cavity, may be formed by forming an IR-absorbing sealing layer on the overlying layer so as to cover access holes to the cavity. The sealing layer is may include a photosensitive material, and the sealing layer may be patterned using a photolithographic process to form an IR-absorbing seal. Alternately, the sealing layer may be patterned using a mask and etch process to form the IR-absorbing seal.

Abstract: A system for irradiation of a vascular space and its contents is presented. An adapter device having a vascular access end and an optical interface end can include a waveguide affixed within a waveguide lumen and extending outwardly through the vascular access end. The optical interface end includes a tapered terminus configured to engage with a cavity of an optical connector adapter, creating an optical interface between the waveguide of the adapter device and a waveguide of a light or radiation source. The adapter device enables the simultaneous administration of radiation and exogenous fluids to a patient while maintaining the optical interface isolated from any fluids.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present application provide an optical module, including: a master control chip and a laser receiver; the laser receiver being connected to the master control chip; where the laser receiver includes: a PIN photodiode, a trans-impedance amplifier, a lens, and a shell; the PIN photodiode being electrically connected to the trans-impedance amplifier; and the lens being coated with an antireflection film; where the optical module further includes a bracket and a claw, where the laser receiver is fixed between a housing of the optical module and the bracket by the claw.

Abstract: An optical interface device for a photonic integrated system includes a plug and a receptacle. The receptacle is operably arranged on a PIC that supports waveguides. The plug operably supports optical fibers. The receptacle and plug are configured to operably engage to establish optical communication between the optical fibers and the waveguides. A tab on the receptacle is configured to constrain longitudinal motion while allowing for lateral motion of the receptacle to adjust its position relative to the PIC to optimize alignment. The plug can include a spacer sized to fit within a recess defined by the tab to further facilitate alignment. The plug can also include lenses to establish the optical communication between the optical fibers and the waveguides. The receptacle and plug can be engaged and disengaged in a manner similar to conventional electrical connectors.

Abstract: A signal guide for a sensor device is disclosed herein. The signal guide can include a base having a first proximal aperture, where the first proximal aperture has a first cross-sectional profile, where the first proximal aperture is configured to be disposed proximate to a first transceiver element of the sensor device. The signal guide can also include a body disposed adjacent to the base, wherein the body comprises a first main channel that adjoins the first proximal aperture. The signal guide can further include a distal end disposed adjacent to the body opposite the base, where the distal end includes a first distal aperture that adjoins the first main channel, where the first distal aperture has a second cross-sectional profile, where the first distal aperture is configured to be disposed proximate to an ambient environment.

Abstract: An optical path conversion device according to an embodiment of the present technology is disposed between a plurality of optical devices that are arranged in one line or in a zigzag manner and a plurality of optical fibers that are arranged in one line or in a zigzag manner with an arrangement pitch different from an arrangement pitch of the plurality of optical devices. The optical path conversion device includes a light refractive surface for pitch conversion.

Abstract: A signal guide for a sensor device is disclosed herein. The signal guide can include a base having a number of proximal apertures, where at least one of the proximal apertures is configured to be disposed proximate to at least one transceiver of the sensor device. The signal guide can also include a body disposed adjacent to the base, where the body includes at least one main channel, where the at least one main channel is configured to transmit at least one signal between the at least one main channel and the proximal apertures. The signal guide can further include a distal end disposed adjacent to the body opposite the base, where the distal end includes at least one distal aperture, where the at least one distal aperture is configured to transmit at least one signal between the a main channel and an ambient environment.

Abstract: An optical transceiver includes a substrate, a transceiver module, an optical lens and an adhesive. The transceiver module is disposed on an outer surface of the substrate. The optical lens is disposed on the outer surface for guiding light to the transceiver module. The optical lens defines a contact surface and at least one hole. The contact surface faces the outer surface, and an opening of the hole is located on the contact surface. The adhesive is accommodated into the hole from the opening, and the contact surface of the optical lens is adhered to the outer surface of the substrate by an adhesive.

Abstract: Provided are a Fourier lens, a method for designing a Fourier lens, and a schlieren apparatus. The Fourier lens includes a substrate and a plurality of cuboid waveguides. The plurality of waveguides are arranged on the substrate in parallel and spaced from each other at a preset interval. The material of the substrate and the material of the waveguides are all transparent to the working waveband of the Fourier lens. The preset interval is smaller than a quotient obtained by dividing a center wavelength of the working waveband by the refractive index of the substrate. The waveguide has a plurality of widths, and the waveguides of different widths correspond to different phase delays. The individual waveguides are arranged on the substrate according to phase delays required at different positions. According to the embodiments, the range of the working angle of the Fourier lens can be increased.

Abstract: Provided are an optical module platform structure and a method of manufacturing the same. The optical module platform structure includes an optical module platform substrate, a light source device mounted on a light source mount attached on one upper side of the optical module platform substrate, a waveguide spaced apart from the light source device by a certain interval and mounted on a waveguide mount attached on the optical module platform substrate, a lens mount fixed between the light source mount and the waveguide mount, and a lens fixed to a top of the lens mount. Therefore, optical coupling efficiency between a light source and a waveguide is maximized by applying a lens mount, and an optical alignment error is minimized.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of forming an optical sheet. The method comprises: providing a mold having a first surface; forming a plurality of first concave shapes on the first surface of the mold such that the first surface of the mold is changed to a second surface of the mold; forming a plurality of second shapes on the plurality of first concave shapes such that the second surface of the mold is changed to a third surface of the mold; and using the third surface of the mold to emboss a film on a substrate to form a composite structure corresponding to the combination of the plurality of first concave shapes and the plurality of second shapes.

Abstract: A coaxial transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) including a side-by-side laser diode and monitor photodiode package, consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure, may be used in an optical transceiver for transmitting an optical signal at a channel wavelength. In an embodiment, the coaxial TOSA includes a laser sub-mount coupled to a mounting region defined by a body of the coaxial TOSA. The laser sub-mount includes a monitor photodiode disposed adjacent to a side of a laser diode such that a sensor region of the monitor photodiode is disposed within, or in close proximity to, a light cone emitted by a light emitting surface of the laser diode. The monitor photodiode is thus configured to directly receive a portion of emitted channel wavelengths from the laser diode for monitoring purposes.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion module comprises an optical bench having at least one lens array; a circuit board having conductive trace formed on the circuit board, configured on the optical bench; at least one optical element flip-chip packaged on the circuit board to couple to the conductive trace; and an optical waveguide having an optical reflection structure, wherein the at least one lens array aligns to the optical reflection structure or the at least one optical element.

Abstract: To provide an optical module and a method for aligning the optical module with which alignment can be easily performed. An optical module includes first optical element sections and a second optical element section optically joined to the first optical element sections. Each first optical element section includes an optical conversion element, a ferrule having a distal end being in contact with and optically joined to the second optical element section, and a first optical system disposed in a position where the ferrule and the optical conversion element are optically adjusted. The second optical element section includes joining sections in contact with and joined to, in joining parts, the distal ends of the ferrules, a wavelength multiplexing optical element optically joined to the optical conversion elements, and second optical systems respectively disposed in positions where the wavelength multiplexing optical elements and the joining parts are optically adjusted.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for encoding and decoding data from genetic traits. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of encoding data from genetic traits. The method comprises encoding genetic traits information, including using quantum dot wavelengths to identify distinct genetic traits, and using numbers of the quantum dots to represent probabilities associated with the traits. In an embodiment, the invention provides a genetic characteristics decoding system for decoding genetic information encoded using quantum dots in a carrier. The decoding system comprises a light source for charging the quantum dots in the carrier; a scanner for scanning the carrier to retrieve information from the charged quantum dots; and a processing system for processing the retrieved information to determine quantum dot wavelengths to identify distinct genetic traits, and to determine numbers of the quantum dots to identify probabilities associated with the genetic traits.

Abstract: In part, the disclosure relates to intravascular data collection systems and the software-based visualization and display of intravascular data relating to detected side branches and detected stent struts. Levels of stent malapposition can be defined using a user interface such as a slider, toggle, button, field, or other interface to specify how indicia are displayed relative to detected stent struts. In addition, the disclosure relates to methods to automatically provide a two or three-dimensional visualization suitable for assessing side branch and/or guide wire location during stenting. The method can use one or more a computed side branch location, a branch takeoff angle, one or more stent strut locations, and one or more lumen contours.

Abstract: A method for making an optical fiber connector includes the following steps: Providing a casting mold having at least one casting cavity, and arranging at least one optical fiber assembly in the at least one casting cavity; Feeding plastic material into the at least one casting cavity; Solidifying the plastic material so as to form a plastic portion which solidifiedly bonds the at least one optical fiber assembly, where an end of the at least one optical fiber assembly emerges from the plastic portion, then removing a lower mold plate of the casting mold; Using a hard grinding disk to grind the end of the at least one optical fiber assembly; and Disposing the casting mold into an atomization facility, and atomizing lens material to the end of the at least one optical fiber assembly, acting with a manner of epicyclic gearing revolving therearound and with their own axes, so as to form a lens on the end of the at least one optical fiber assembly such that the lens is heated and solidified.

Abstract: A system and method of repositioning a region of interest within an endoscopic image from a first location to a target location on the display screen of an endoscopy system is provided. The endoscopy system includes an insertion portion having a tip section with at least one viewing element for capturing images of a body cavity having the region of interest. The method includes detecting a region of interest within a body cavity, displaying the region of interest on a display screen in communication with the endoscopy system, marking the region of interest on the display screen, selecting a target location on the display screen, estimating a transformation to be applied to the region of interest, and applying the estimated transformation for causing the region of interest to be displayed at the target location of the display screen.

Abstract: An optical communication module contains: a lens element, a fixer, and at least one optical fiber. The lens element includes a groove, a body, a top face, a light input face, at least one collimator lens, and a reflective bevel face. The at least one collimator lens is located within an orthographic projection range of a vertical viewing angle of the reflective bevel face, and the body has a light output face. The fixer is mounted beside the body and includes an accommodation recess and at least one focus face, wherein the at least one focus face corresponds to an orthographic projection range of a horizontal viewing angle of the light output face. The at least one optical fiber is inserted into the accommodation recess, and a glue is filled into the accommodation recess so that the at least one optical fiber is adhered in the lens element.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a plurality of radiation beams before the beams are coupled into an optical fiber.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a base member, a laser element, a retaining member, a fluorescent member, and first and second fixing members. The retaining member has a first surface on a laser element side and a second surface not on the laser element side. The fluorescent member is fixed to a through hole of the retaining member. The first and second fixing members clamp the retaining member. The first and second fixing members have first and second contact surfaces in contact with the first and second surfaces of the retaining member, respectively. A distance between the first and second contact surfaces becomes smaller as the first and second contact surfaces become farther from the through hole. The retaining member, the first and second fixing members are arranged such that a space surrounded by the retaining member, and the first and second fixing members exists around the retaining member.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an optical module that includes a circuit board, a first chip, a second chip, and a lens assembly, wherein the first chip and the second chip are arranged respectively on the surface of the circuit board, and the lens assembly is arranged above the first chip and the second chip; the lens assembly includes a first optic fiber insertion port, a second optic fiber insertion port, a first reflecting surface, and a second reflecting surface; the distance between the axis of the first optic fiber insertion port, and the axis of the second optic fiber insertion port is less than the distance between the first chip and the second chip; and the first reflecting surface faces the first chip, the first reflecting surface faces the second reflecting surface, and the second reflecting surface faces the first optic fiber insertion port.

Abstract: A coaxial transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) with optical isolator alignment correction may be used in an optical transceiver for transmitting an optical signal at a channel wavelength. The coaxial TOSA includes an optical fiber coupling receptacle extending from a laser package. The laser package may include a laser diode and a lens to focus laser light emitted from the laser diode onto an optical fiber. The laser diode and lens are aligned along a first longitudinal axis of the laser package parallel to a transmission path of the laser light. An optical isolator located in the transmission path is aligned along a second longitudinal axis of the laser package. The second longitudinal axis is coincident with a centerline of the laser package, and the first longitudinal axis is offset from the second longitudinal axis by a predetermined offset distance to compensate for light shifting characteristics of the isolator.

Abstract: A delivery catheter for delivery, then photo-activation of photo sensitive material has a photo-sensitive substance-delivery part and an activation part. The catheter delivers substances such as biomaterials to a target site, followed by illumination of the target using optics located at the distal tip of the catheter which are optically coupled to an extracorporeal light source. The light may be delivered by a single or multi-lumen needle, or a separate light guide passed over the catheter.

Abstract: An optical subassembly, optical or optoelectronic receivers and transceivers including the same, and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. The optical subassembly includes a mirror configured to reflect an incoming optical signal at a first predetermined angle, a lens configured to receive the incoming optical signal from the mirror and focus the incoming optical signal onto a target, and an optical mount comprising at least one first surface configured to support the mirror, at least one second surface configured to support and/or secure the lens at a second predetermined angle, and a structural block configured to position and/or arrange (i) the at least one first surface at a third predetermined angle related to the first predetermined angle and (ii) the at least one second surface at the first and/or second predetermined angle. The first and/or second predetermined angle(s) are adapted to reduce a reflectance of the incoming optical signal.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, an N-channel WDM OSA includes active optical devices coupled to a carrier, an optical block, and a MUX or a DEMUX. The optical block may be positioned above the active optical devices and coupled to the carrier. The optical block may include a bottom with lenses formed in the bottom that are aligned with the active optical devices; a first side that extends up from the bottom; a second side that extends up from the bottom and is opposite the first side; a port that extends forward from the bottom and the first and second sides; and an optical block cavity defined by the bottom and the first and second sides that extends rearward from the port. The MUX or DEMUX may be positioned in the optical block cavity in an optical path between the port of the optical block and the active optical devices.

Abstract: A display apparatus for use in displaying an image to a viewer (4), comprising an optical waveguide (8) arranged to receive image-bearing light (2) into the optical waveguide to guide the received image-bearing light therealong to an output part (5) of the optical waveguide for output therefrom. A combiner (70) is arranged adjacent to the output part of the optical waveguide for reflecting image-bearing light output by the waveguide in a direction which passes back through the optical waveguide and for allowing light (6) from an external scene to pass through the combiner in said direction through the optical waveguide to combine with the reflected image-bearing light so that the image-bearing light overlays light from the external scene for viewing by a viewer.

Abstract: A signal guide for a sensor device is disclosed herein. The signal guide can include a base having a first proximal aperture, where the first proximal aperture has a first cross-sectional profile, where the first proximal aperture is configured to be disposed proximate to a first transceiver element of the sensor device. The signal guide can also include a body disposed adjacent to the base, wherein the body comprises a first main channel that adjoins the first proximal aperture. The signal guide can further include a distal end disposed adjacent to the body opposite the base, where the distal end includes a first distal aperture that adjoins the first main channel, where the first distal aperture has a second cross-sectional profile, where the first distal aperture is configured to be disposed proximate to an ambient environment.

Abstract: An optical signal detecting apparatus and method. The optical signal detecting apparatus includes an optical demultiplexer configured to demultiplex an input optical signal into a first optical signal having a first band wavelength and a second optical signal having a second band wavelength, a first optical detector configured to detect the first optical signal, and a second optical detector configured to detect the second optical signal, and the optical demultiplexer, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector may be provided in a TO-CAN package.

Abstract: An optical module that communicates with a single optical fiber is disclosed. The optical module includes an optical transmitting unit (Tx unit), an optical receiving unit (Rx unit), a filter holder that mounts a wavelength splitting filter, and a housing that installs the Tx unit, the Rx unit and the filter holder. The housing and the filter holder each provide slopes rubbing to each other that automatically determine the angle of the wavelength splitting filter.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present application provide an optical module, including: a master control chip, a laser transmitter, and a laser receiver; the laser transmitter and the laser receiver being connected to the master control chip, respectively; where the laser receiver includes: a PIN photodiode, a trans-impedance amplifier with a transimpedance of no less than 43K ohms, a lens, and a shell; the PIN photodiode being electrically connected to the trans-impedance amplifier; the PIN photodiode, the trans-impedance amplifier and the lens being encapsulated within the shell in a manner of transistor out-line; and the lens being coated with an antireflection film.

Abstract: An optical coupling system to couple a collimated beam with a waveguide made of semiconductor materials is disclosed. The waveguide is implemented in an optical modulator and/or an optical hybrid, and has a core with a restricted cross section because of the enhanced refractive index of the semiconductor materials. The collimated beam is focused on the core by the two-lens system including first and second lenses. The first lens, having a focal length shorter than a focal length of the second lens, is first aligned with the core, then, the second lens is aligned with the core as compensating deviations of the first lens induced during the fixation thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus that divides a single laser beam into two or more beams that can be directed at an object, such as a work piece, to perform laser heat treatment is disclosed. An adapter stage is in optical communication with a light source, such as a laser source, and arranged to receive a light beam from the light source. A focus stage in optical communication with the adapter stage is arranged to receive the light beam from the adapter stage and to focus the light beam. A beam splitting stage in optical communication with the focus stage is arranged to receive the focused light beam and to split the focused light beam into a multiple light beams. A redirection stage in optical communication with the beam splitting stage is arranged to receive the multiple light beams and to direct them toward a plurality of target locations on the object.

Abstract: There is provided a system and apparatus for the transmission of high power laser energy over great distances without substantial power loss and without the presence of stimulated Raman scattering. There is further provided systems and optical fiber cable configurations and optical fiber structures for the delivering high power laser energy over great distances to a tool or surface to perform an operation or work with the tool or upon the surface.

Abstract: A fastening structure of a brittle-fracturable panel material includes a first fastening flange, a second fastening flange, and a light transmission window panel made of a brittle-fracturable panel material, wherein the light transmission window panel is nipped between the first fastening flange and the second fastening flange, and both fastening flanges are air-tightly fitted and fastened.

Abstract: A GRIN-lensed, tuned wedge waveguide termination, a method of reducing back reflection to a waveguide caused by the GRIN-lensed, tuned wedge waveguide termination and a terminated optical fiber. In one embodiment, the GRIN-lensed, tuned wedge waveguide termination includes: (1) a GRIN lens subassembly including a GRIN lens having a pitch greater than a quarter pitch such that a primary beam propagating through the GRIN lens subassembly forms a waist and (2) a tuned wedge subassembly bonded to the GRIN lens subassembly and having a length selected such that the tuned wedge subassembly ends at least proximate the waist, the tuned wedge subassembly further having a bevel angle selected to reduce a back reflection into the waveguide.

Abstract: An optical module includes a light-forming part and a protective member. The light-forming part includes a base member, a semiconductor light-emitting device, a lens, and a light-receiving device mounted on the base member and disposed, in the emission direction of the semiconductor light-emitting device, between the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens. The light-receiving surface of the light-receiving device inclines toward the emission portion of the semiconductor light-emitting device such that an inclination angle ? is more than 0° and 90° or less, the inclination angle ? being an angle formed between the optical axis of the semiconductor light-emitting device and a plane including the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving device.

Abstract: A lens of a plug converts a light signal from an optical fiber cable to light of a predetermined divergence angle in order to emit the light. A plug housing fixes the optical fiber cable and the lens. The lens is positioned such that the light signal from the optical fiber cable becomes the light of the predetermined divergence angle at an emission surface side of the optical fiber cable. The light signal emitted from the plug becomes dispersed when entering into the eyeball of a nearby person, and therefore can be prevented from exerting adverse effect on visual function and the like.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing a bridge between integrated circuit (IC) chips. In an embodiment, the bridge device comprises a semiconductor substrate having disposed thereon contacts to couple the bridge device to two IC chips. Circuit structures and photonic structures of a bridge link are integrated with the substrate. The structures include an optical waveguide coupled between an electrical-to-optical signal conversion mechanism and an optical-to-electrical conversion mechanism. The bridge device converts signaling from an electrical domain to an optical domain and back to an electrical domain. In another embodiment, optical signals received via different respective contacts of an IC chip are converted by the bridge device, where the optical signals are multiplexed with each other and variously propagated with the same optical waveguide.

Abstract: A two-part optical coupling subassembly includes a main lens formed with a cavity, the main lens including two surfaces formed in the cavity and oppositely inclined at an off-vertical angle from a central vertical plane of the cavity such that the two surfaces are symmetric with respect to the central vertical plane; a beam router embedded in the cavity, the beam router including first and second beam router surfaces lying on the two surfaces of the main lens respectively, and a partially reflective coating on at least one of the beam router surfaces; and a transparent adhesive provided between the two lens surfaces and the first and second beam router surfaces.