Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide an optical transmitter configured to transmit a data sequence over at least two spatial propagation modes through an optical transmission channel in a multi-mode optical fiber transmission system, the transmission system being associated with a predefined value of a mode-dependent loss, wherein the optical transmitter comprises: a forward error correcting code encoder (22) configured to encode said data sequence into a codeword vector by applying at least one error correcting code; a modulator (23) configured to determine a set of modulated symbols by applying a modulation scheme to said codeword vector; and a Space-Time encoder (24) configured to determine a codeword matrix by applying a Space-Time code to said set of modulated symbols.

Abstract: A system and method for processing photoplethysmography (PPG) signals in a vehicle. The system and method include receiving a PPG waveform signal from an optical sensor. The system and method also include processing a PPG measurement signal based on the PPG waveform signal. The system and method additionally include receiving a noise waveform signal from at least one of: a seat assembly sensor, a vehicle sensor, and a vehicle system. Additionally, the system and method include processing a motion artifacts measurement signal based on the noise waveform signal. The system and method further include processing a refined PPG signal to suppress the motion artifacts measurement signal from the PPG measurement signal.

Abstract: In the field of optical networks, a laser, a laser modulation method and a laser combination system are disclosed. The laser includes a gain medium, a resonant cavity, and a second microring resonator. The resonant cavity includes a first cavity mirror and a second cavity mirror. The first cavity mirror is located at one port of the gain medium, the second cavity mirror is located at another port of the gain medium, and the second cavity mirror includes a splitter, a first microring resonator, and a reflecting grating.

Abstract: A system for providing data communication over a MoCA (Multimedia over Coaxial Alliance) network in a construction complex, the system comprising a coaxial network; a network management device connectable to an external data channel, the network management device comprising a connector structured to be connected to the coaxial network; and a control unit having a first MoCA chip, wherein the control unit is configured to establish an access function, creating a control channel over the coaxial network to one or more MoCA end devices; and at least one MoCA end device connected to the coaxial network, wherein the at least one MoCA end device has a second MoCA chip and a network access unit connected to a bus on the second MoCA chip.

Abstract: An optical receiver (10) comprising: an input (12) arranged to receive a subcarrier multiplexing, SCM, optical signal (14) comprising an optical carrier and an optical subcarrier, each having a respective optical power; a carrier suppression element, CSE, (16) arranged to receive the SCM optical signal and having a rejection band that is tunable in frequency to partially suppress the optical carrier by a variable amount; an optical amplifier (18) having a variable gain and arranged to receive the SCM optical signal from the CSE and amplify the optical carrier and the optical subcarrier; a photoreceiver (20) arranged to receive the SCM optical signal from the amplifier; and a controller (24) arranged to cause frequency tuning of the rejection band and variation of the gain of the optical amplifier to adjust a ratio of the optical power of the optical carrier at the photoreceiver to the optical power of the optical subcarrier at the photoreceiver based on an indication of performance of the SCM optical signal.

Abstract: Determining the physical location of wirelessly connected devices within a network can provide a number of security benefits. However, manually determining and configuring the physical location of each device within a system can be burdensome. To ease this burden, devices within a network are equipped with a location detection sensor that is capable of automatically determining a device's location in relation to other devices within the network. A location detection sensor (“sensor”) may include a light source, a light direction sensor, a rangefinder, and a radio or wireless network interface. Two location detection sensors can perform a location detection process to determine their relative locations to each other, such as the distance between them. As more sensors are added to a network, a sensor management system uses the relative locations determined by the sensors to map the sensors to a physical space layout.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an input radio frequency waveguide. The apparatus includes a radio-frequency-to-optical-radio-frequency-impedance-matching interface communicating with the input radio frequency waveguide. The apparatus includes a plurality of optical modulators communicating with the radio-frequency-to-optical-radio-frequency-impedance-matching interface. The apparatus includes a plurality of respective optical waveguides communicating with the plurality of optical modulators. The plurality of respective optical waveguides in operation includes a plurality of respective optical waveguide fields. The input radio frequency waveguide in operation includes an input radio frequency waveguide field. The input radio frequency waveguide field interacts with the plurality of respective optical waveguide fields to convert an input radio frequency signal into a plurality of optical signals.

Abstract: RFID (radio frequency identification) systems are provided in which tag and interrogator devices implement a hybrid framework for signaling including an optical transmitter/receiver system and an RF transmitter/receiver system. For instance, an RFID tag device includes: optical receiver circuitry configured to receive an optical signal having an embedded clock signal from an interrogator device, and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal comprising the embedded clock signal; clock extraction circuitry configured to extract the embedded clock signal from the electrical signal, and output the extracted clock signal as a clock signal for controlling clocking functions of the tag device; voltage regulator circuitry configured to generate a regulated supply voltage from the electrical signal, wherein the regulated supply voltage is utilized as a bias voltage for components of the tag device; and data transmitter circuitry configured to wirelessly transmit tag data to the interrogator device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for emitting position information from luminaires. Luminaire position information may be emitted via a light-based communication (LCom) signal that comprises data including the position information. The data may include relative and/or absolute position information for the luminaire and may indicate the physical location of the luminaire. Relative position information for the luminaire may include coordinates relative to a point of origin within the environment. Absolute position information for the luminaire may include global coordinates for the luminaire. In some cases, the absolute position information for a luminaire may be calculated using position information for the luminaire relative to a point of origin and the absolute position of the point of origin. The data may also include an environment identifier, which may indicate a map to use for the interpretation of position information for the luminaire. The techniques can be used for both stationary and mobile luminaires.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for implementing a photonic radio front end are provided. An example apparatus may include a photonic comb filter configured to generate a photonic pulse train at a plurality of carrier frequencies, and a photonic upconverter. The photonic upconverter may be configured to receive outbound data from a data source, and encode and photomix the outbound data onto each of the carrier frequencies within the plurality of carrier frequencies to generate associated upconverted waveforms on each of the carrier frequencies. The apparatus may further comprise a transmit channel selector configured to receive the upconverted waveforms on each of the carrier frequencies, receive a control signal selecting one or more carrier frequencies for transmission of the outbound data, and filter out the upconverted waveforms at unselected carrier frequencies to provide upconverted waveforms at the selected carrier frequencies.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a control signal in a radio-over-fiber (RoF)-based mobile fronthaul includes: a data channel transmitter configured to generate a data signal at a preassigned frequency or wavelength; a control channel transmitter configured to generate a control signal at a designated frequency or wavelength that is shared with other apparatuses; and a combiner configured to combine the data signal with the control signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes a baseband processing device configured to transmit a data signal via an optical transmission line, and a wireless device configured to receive the data signal via the optical transmission line and carry out wireless transmission of an output signal obtained by amplifying the data signal, wherein the wireless device is configured to amplify the data signal to generate the output signal, generate a feedback signal according to the output signal, and transmit the feedback signal to the baseband processing device via the optical transmission line, and wherein the baseband processing device is configured to acquire the feedback signal from the wireless device, and execute first processing of multiplying the data signal by a distortion compensation coefficient corresponding to an inverse characteristic of distortion in the radio frequency circuit based on the feedback signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the location and state of an object in an environment is disclosed. Three or more light-emitting beacons are located in the environment, and each beacon transmits a light pattern that contains information needed to identify the beacon. An optical receiver is attached to the object whose location needs to be determined. The optical receiver comprising one or more cameras images the beacons, and identifies the apparent direction from which the beacon is coming based on the pixel or pixels illuminated by the beacon. The optical receiver also decodes the light pattern transmitted by each beacon to identify it. Finally, based on knowledge of the locations of the beacons in the environment and based on the apparent directions from which the beacons appear to be coming, the optical receiver determines its location, and thus the location of the object.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an imaging unit that divides an image of a subject into blocks, a quadric-surface fitting unit that calculates a distance from a reference position to the subject that corresponds to each block, a weight calculating unit that calculates a weight of each block according to the distance, and a barycenter calculating unit that corrects information about a size of the subject projected in each block based on the weight, and calculates barycentric coordinates based on the corrected information about the size of the subject.

Abstract: A system and method for channelization of a wideband radio frequency signal into multiple narrowband channels includes obtaining, a dual-banded optical signal, where the dual-banded signal is a translated wideband radio frequency signal, and where the dual-banded signal includes a signal and an idler. The method also includes modifying, by the spectral phase mask, the spectral phases of at least one of the signal or the idler, where the modifying produces a spectral phase modulated output comprising at least one of a spectrally-modulated signal or a spectrally modulated idler. The method includes outputting, by the spectral phase mask, the spectral phase modulated output to an optical phase sensitive amplifier. The method includes receiving, by the optical phase sensitive amplifier, the spectral phase modulated output, and either amplifying or de-amplifying, by the optical phase sensitive amplifier, each component of the spectrally modulated output.

Abstract: An optical receiver receives a photocurrent from a photosensor and uses a transimpedance element to convert the photocurrent into an input voltage signal. An amplifier then amplifies the input voltage signal to produce a receiver output. During this process, a reference-voltage-generation circuit generates a reference voltage for the amplifier. This reference-voltage-generation circuit includes a data-detection circuit that detects data on the input voltage signal, and an adjustable low-pass filter, which filters the input voltage signal to produce the reference voltage. During a faster operating mode, which occurs when the data-detection circuit does not detect data on the input voltage signal, the filter has a cutoff frequency f1. During a slower operating mode, which starts a bias-delay time tBD after the data-detection circuit detects data on the input voltage signal, and lasts until the data-detection circuit no longer detects data, the filter has a lower cutoff frequency f2.

Abstract: An optical receiver receives a photocurrent from a photosensor and uses a transimpedance element to convert the photocurrent into an input signal. Next, an amplifier amplifies the input signal to produce an amplified input signal. At the same time, a clock-recovery circuit generates a clock signal, which is used to clock the amplified input signal to produce a receiver output. During an initial-calibration operation, the clock-recovery circuit phase-aligns a locally generated reference signal with transitions in the amplified input voltage signal to produce the clock signal by: feeding the reference signal through a delay-locked loop to produce a set of equally spaced phases; using the set of equally spaced phases to sample a preamble in the amplified input voltage signal to detect a crossing point; choosing a corresponding phase from the set of equally spaced phases based on the crossing point; and using the chosen phase to produce the clock signal.

Abstract: Re-initialization of a link can take place without termination of the link, where the link includes, a transmitter and a receiver are to be coupled to each lane in the number of lanes, and re-initialization of the link is to include transmission of a pre-defined sequence on each of the lanes.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for mapping and demapping of data. The method comprises: an OTUCnAG comprising an ODUCn with a rate of n*100 gigabits per second to which is added an OTU overhead, is divided according to a byte-interleaving scheme into multiple OTUCmTG; the OTUCmTG respectively are each mapped to a corresponding OCh, and data in the OCh is born on continuous frequency slots for transmission, wherein the rate of the OTUCnAG is n*100 gigabits per second, the rate of the OTUCmTG is m*100 gigabits per second, both m and n are positive integers, and m less than or equal to n. The disclosure increases optical fibre spectrum utilization efficiency and system flexibility and compatibility.

Abstract: An example of a lighting device including a light source, a modulator and a processor. The processor is configured to control the light source to emit light for general illumination and control the modulator to modulate the intensity of the emitted light to superimpose at least two sinusoids. Frequencies of the at least two sinusoids enable a mobile device to infer the physical location of the lighting device.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a front end configured to receive an optical signal, and convert the optical signal into a plurality of digital signals, and a processing unit coupled to the front end and configured to determine a best-match chromatic dispersion (CD) estimate in the optical signal by optimizing a cost function based on signal peaks of the plurality of digital signals.

Abstract: A method and system for amplifying small optical currents in an optical receiver front end system may employ multiple transimpendance amplifiers (TIAs) and feedback control loops. For example, the front end system may include a main feedback control loop (having a main TIA) and a replica feedback control loop (having a replica TIA) that, collectively, generate an optimum input common mode level for a differential amplifier operating at high data rates (e.g., speeds up to tens of gigabits per second). The replica TIA may track the noise from the power supply of the optical receiver in the substantially same manner as the main TIA. Therefore, the differential signals produced by the main control loop may not be degraded at the input to the high-speed differential amplifier. The outputs of the high-speed differential amplifier may be symmetric about the common mode level and may be suitable inputs for voltage sampling.

Abstract: An example of a lighting device including a light source, a modulator and a processor. The processor is configured to control the light source to emit light for general illumination and control the modulator to modulate the intensity of the emitted light to superimpose at least two sinusoids. Frequencies of the at least two sinusoids enable a mobile device to infer the physical location of the lighting device.

Abstract: A nonlinear compensation method and apparatus and a system in a multicarrier optical communication system where the method includes: determining a coefficient of a linear filter in nonlinear compensation according to an end-to-end channel linear response of the system; determining taps of a nonlinear compensation filter needing to be opened and coefficients of the taps according to a hardware compensation ability of the system and the coefficient of the linear filter; and compensating for a nonlinear damage of the system by using the selected coefficients of the nonlinear compensation filter. With the method, apparatus or the system provided by this application, very good compensation performance may be achieved in a range of power consumption of the multicarrier optical communication system by only opening and using few taps of the compensation filter.

Abstract: In the field of optical networks, a laser, a laser modulation method and a laser combination system are disclosed. The laser includes a gain medium, a resonant cavity, and a second microring resonator. The resonant cavity includes a first cavity mirror and a second cavity mirror. The first cavity mirror is located at one port of the gain medium, the second cavity mirror is located at another port of the gain medium, and the second cavity mirror includes a splitter, a first microring resonator, and a reflecting grating.

Abstract: An optical signal recognition method comprises: initializing a recognition apparatus; acquiring optical source voltage values in an acquisition channel to obtain a group of optical source voltage values; comparing the group of optical source voltage values with a comparison threshold, and converting the group of optical source voltage values into optical data; when the optical data is different from optical data obtained in a previous conversion, continuing to acquire optical source voltage values in the acquisition channel, converting a group of optical source voltage values into optical data, and sequentially storing the optical data in a conversion array; when a preset quantity of optical data in the conversion array is different, deleting optical data stored earliest in the conversion array, continuing to acquire optical data and sequentially storing the optical data in the conversion array; and when all optical data in the conversion array is the same, setting frame data as optical data in the conversion

Abstract: A hysteresis circuit includes a current comparator arranged to receive an input current signal. A reference current source is coupled to the current comparator and arranged to provide a reference current. A hysteresis current source is arranged to provide a hysteresis current. A switch is coupled between the reference current source and the hysteresis current source. At least one buffer is coupled to the current comparator and arranged to provide an output voltage signal. The output voltage signal has a first voltage if the input current signal is greater than a sum of the reference current and the hysteresis current and the output voltage signal has a second voltage if the input current signal is less than the reference current.

Abstract: Systems, devices and techniques for automatically configuring a Demarcation device in a communication network based on DOCSIS provisioning over EPON.

Abstract: Various aspects provide for mapping a plurality of signals to generate a combined signal. An aggregation component is configured for generating a combined signal that comprises a higher data rate than a data rate associated with a plurality of signals based on mapped data associated with the plurality of signals. The aggregation component comprises a mapper component. The mapper component is configured for generating the mapped data based on a mapping distribution pattern associated with a generic mapping procedure. In an aspect, a de-aggregation component is configured for recovering the plurality of signals from a pseudo signal transmitted at a data rate of the combined signal. In another aspect, the de-aggregation component comprises a de-mapper component configured for de-mapping the mapped data based on the mapping distribution pattern associated with the generic mapping procedure.

Abstract: Disclosed and recited herein are devices, systems, methods, and programs by which data is transmitted and, when receipt of the transmitted data has not been acknowledged, an impulse noise occurrence may be diagnosed at the transmitter based on flag streams associated with data transfer units corresponding to the transmitted data. Characteristics of the impulse noise occurrence may be diagnosed based on, at least, a number of consecutive error bits in at least one of the flag streams associated with the data transfer units corresponding to the transmitted data.

Abstract: A technique relates to a superchannel. Laser cavities include a first laser cavity, a next laser cavity, through a last laser cavity. Modulators include a first modulator, a next modulator, through a last modulator, each having a direct input, an add port, and an output. A concatenated arrangement of the laser cavities is configured to form the superchannel, which includes the last laser cavity coupled to the direct input of the last modulator, and the output of the last modulator coupled to the add port of the next modulator. The arrangement includes the next laser cavity coupled to direct input of the next modulator, and the output of the next modulator coupled to add port of first modulator, along with the first laser cavity coupled to direct input of the first modulator, and the output of first modulator coupled to input of a multiplexer, thus forming the superchannel into multiplexer.

Abstract: A technique relates to a superchannel. Laser cavities include a first laser cavity, a next laser cavity, through a last laser cavity. Modulators include a first modulator, a next modulator, through a last modulator, each having a direct input, an add port, and an output. A concatenated arrangement of the laser cavities is configured to form the superchannel, which includes the last laser cavity coupled to the direct input of the last modulator, and the output of the last modulator coupled to the add port of the next modulator. The arrangement includes the next laser cavity coupled to direct input of the next modulator, and the output of the next modulator coupled to add port of first modulator, along with the first laser cavity coupled to direct input of the first modulator, and the output of first modulator coupled to input of a multiplexer, thus forming the superchannel into multiplexer.

Abstract: A system for determining a touch point's location within a user-definable region is provided. The system comprises plural modules. In a set-up stage, a user positions each module to define a peripheral point of the region. Exemplarily, a module comprises a means for detecting alignment between the module and another one, a means for measuring an inter-module distance, and a means for making wireless data communication. In particular, the detecting of the alignment and the measuring of the inter-module distance are configured to be performed without physically connect the two modules together. Hence, a geometric coordinate of the module relative to the other one is determinable without a need to physically connect the two modules. The system can thereby be compactly packed for traveling to give an advantage of high portability to a portable interactive whiteboard system that incorporates such system.

Abstract: A wireless communication user terminal includes a controller communicably coupled to a transceiver. The controller is configured to tune the transceiver to transmit on a narrowband uplink control channel within a wideband frequency resource. The uplink control channel includes a pair of uplink control channels separated within the wideband frequency resource wherein the pair of uplink control channels are each located within a corresponding PUCCH resource region. The controller is also configured to change a frequency location of at least one of the uplink control channels, within the corresponding PUCCH resource region, away from an edge of the wideband frequency resource.

Abstract: A system for encoding energy peaks of an identifier comprises an encoder. The encoder is configured to define a readable spectral range of an identifier. The identifier comprises a rugate microtag. The encoder is configured to divide the readable spectral range into a plurality of bins. The encoder is configured to encode in a center of a bin near one end of the readable spectral range a reference peak. The encoder is configured to encode in a center of each of a set of bins a set of peaks of a data pattern within the readable spectral range.

Abstract: A set back box is provided that comprises: an outer housing having one input side and one output side; stacked printed circuit boards within the outer housing; an input panel for receiving at least one input electrical cable at the one input side; and an output panel for providing signal to a display through at least one output cable at the output side. A strain relief cable is also provided that connects to the output side, wherein the strain relief cable is configured to attach to the display and configured to ensure any output cables are not under tension.

Abstract: A first optical data signal is transmitted on a first data carrier from a first network element. First service information is transmitted from a first service by means of a first optical service signal on a first service carrier. A second optical data signal is transmitted on a second data carrier from a second network element, and second service information is transmitted by a second optical service signal on a second service carrier. An offset between a frequency of the first data carrier and a frequency of the first service carrier is substantially equal to an offset between a frequency of the second data carrier and a frequency of the second service carrier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for initializing a radio frequency identification tag are disclosed. For example, the method receives an optical signal having a unique identifier and an encryption key from a display by a radio frequency identification repeater associated with the radio frequency identification tag, wherein the radio frequency identification repeater comprises an optical reader. The method then transmits a communication comprising radio frequency identification information associated with the radio frequency identification tag and the unique identifier via the radio frequency identification repeater to a wireless access point, wherein the communication is encrypted using the encryption key.

Abstract: One aspect provides an optical communication system. The system includes an optical-to-digital converter, a frequency estimator and a symbol synchronizer. The optical-to-digital converter is configured to receive an optical OFDM bit stream including an OFDM symbol bearing payload data and a symbol header preceding the OFDM payload data. The frequency estimator is configured to determine a carrier frequency offset of the payload data from the symbol header. The symbol synchronizer is configured to determine a starting location of the payload data within the bit stream by cross-correlating a synchronization pattern within the symbol header with a model synchronization pattern stored by the symbol synchronizer.

Abstract: A data network, especially a data network for an aircraft or spacecraft, includes a primary data grid, and at least one secondary data grid, the primary data grid including primary data nodes, wherein the primary data nodes are directly or indirectly coupled in data communication with each other, and the at least one secondary data grid comprising secondary data nodes, wherein the at least one secondary data grid is configured to connect the secondary data nodes in a data communication chain and to connect the first secondary data node of the data communication chain to a first respective primary data node and/or the last secondary data node of the data communication chain to a second respective primary data node.

Abstract: A modulator device for converting digital data into modulation of an optical signal includes an electronic input for receiving an input data word of N bits and an electrically controllable modulator for modulating the intensity of an optical signal, the modulator including M actuating electrodes where M?N. An electrode actuating device, most preferably a digital-to-digital converter, operates actuating electrodes so that at least one electrode is actuated as a function of values of more than one bit of the input data word. According to an alternative, or supplementary, aspect of the invention, the set of electrodes includes at least one electrode having an effective area which is not interrelated to others of the set by factors of two. In one preferred implementation, a Mach-Zehnder modulator also provides phase modulation to give QAM functionality. Another implementation employs a semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A system for transmitting an optical signal between a host and a device according to a SATA protocol. The system comprises a transmitting-side converter for generating a logic one voltage value responsive to a data one value from an information source, for generating a logic zero voltage value responsive to a data zero value from the information source, for generating an idle state logic voltage value, wherein the idle state logic voltage value is (logic one voltage value+logic zero voltage value)/2, the transmitting-side converter comprising only linear functions to preserve the idle state logic voltage value, and an electrical-to-optical converter for converting the logic one, logic zero and the idle state logic voltage values to an optical signal further comprising respective logic one, logic zero and idle state optical values and for supplying the optical signal to an optical communications medium.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques to sample electrical data streams in coherent receivers. For instance, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the received electrical data stream at a sampling rate that is nominally twice or greater than twice the symbol rate of the electrical data stream that the ADC receives. A digital filter receives the digital data stream from the ADC, and digitally filters the digital data streams to output a filtered digital electrical data stream at an effective sampling rate that is less than the sampling rate and less than twice the symbol rate, and greater than or equal to the symbol rate.

Abstract: A housing accommodates an optical waveguide substrate, plural signal light receiving elements, and a signal-light-level monitoring light receiving element. Signal light and locally oscillated light are input into optical waveguides in the optical waveguide substrate from a first end face of the optical waveguide substrate. The plural signal light receiving elements are disposed aligned on a side of a second end face opposite to a side of the first end face of the optical waveguide substrate. The signal-light-level monitoring light receiving element is disposed on a side of a third end face or a fourth end face between the first end face and the second end face of the optical waveguide substrate and at a position closer to the first end face than to the second end face.

Abstract: Modulation and demodulation of digital signals comprising symbols representing four or more bits uses a constellation map in which initial two bits of the modulated data identify a quadrant of the constellation map and the remaining bits of the modulated data identify a symbol within the quadrant corresponding to the four or more data bits. In some systems, the constellation map is made up from each successive two bits of the input data bits successively identifying a quadrant within a quadrant until a group of bits is uniquely mapped to a single symbol.

Abstract: An optical transmission network comprises a multi-wavelength source (7) shared between multiple sets of client side equipment for manipulating electrical signals. A first wavelength selective routing element (5) is connected to the multi-wavelength source (7). Each set of client-side equipment (1) comprises an optical modulator (3) connected to the first wavelength selective routing element (5) and an optical receiver (2). A second wavelength selective routing element (6) is connected to the optical receiver (2) and is operative to direct incoming signals from one or more remote locations to the optical receiver (2). The network provides a WDM architecture solution for networks whereby the cost of implementing and running client side equipment (1) is reduced by not having the WDM source (7) within the client side equipment (1).

Abstract: A light array includes lights that transmit modulated light to indicate their unique light identifiers (IDs) and lights that transmit unmodulated light. A light receiver records images of the light array and recovers the light IDs from the modulated light. The light receiver uses the IDs to retrieve a light map representative of the light array. The receiver aligns the retrieved light map with the recorded images of the light array, and accesses real-world positions of all of the light in the light array, as deployed, based on the aligned light map. The light receiver determines a 3-dimensional position of the light receiver relative to the light array.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure a method for shared mesh protection in an optical transport network comprises provisioning a route for each of a plurality of working demands through the optical transport network. The method further comprises provisioning a route for backup demands corresponding to each of the plurality of working demands. The method additionally comprises packing into a single optical data unit a first backup demand corresponding to a first of the plurality of working demands and a second backup demand corresponding to a second of the plurality of working demands, wherein the first and second of the plurality of working demands share at least one common link in the optical transport network. The method also comprises unpacking the first and second backup demands from the optical data unit.

Abstract: The method and apparatus as disclosed herein allows the user to input conditions for a communications link, set characteristic values of a photon-counting detector array, simulate the resulting link, observe a summary analysis of the simulated detector and link activity, and extract a record of the detector activity (e.g. each photon counted) making it available for further analysis.

Abstract: An active optical beam shaping system includes a first deformable mirror arranged to at least partially intercept an entrance beam of light and to provide a first reflected beam of light, a second deformable mirror arranged to at least partially intercept the first reflected beam of light from the first deformable mirror and to provide a second reflected beam of light, and a signal processing and control system configured to communicate with the first and second deformable mirrors. The first deformable mirror, the second deformable mirror and the signal processing and control system together provide a large amplitude light modulation range to provide an actively shaped optical beam.