Abstract: A system and method for Passive Optical Networks (PON) providing integration (cross-correlation) of powersave and fiber protection, optionally with encryption, facilitating the successful operation and/or benefits that can be gained when operating a PON system with these features. A major problem with power save is the detection, since both the OLT and the ONUs rely on a valid signal in order to detect fiber failure. However, the OLT may not detect this for sleeping ONUs, and an ONU in Tx/Rx sleep-mode, may not detect a fiber failure, and may not be aware of the OLTs switchover. In addition to solving the problem of combined fiber protection and power savings, a solution is also needed for providing security for this combination. A current embodiment is a system and method for Passive Optical Networks (PON) providing integration (cross-correlation) of powersave and fiber protection, optionally with encryption.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed including receiving, by circuitry of a node conforming to GMPLS protocol, a signal comprising at least one of an optical signal attribute indicative of parameters of a super-channel, the super-channel including a plurality of optical carriers, each of which having a corresponding one of a plurality of wavelengths and being modulated to carry a corresponding one of a plurality of data streams, the super-channel being provisioned in the optical network as one optical channel, wherein the optical signal attribute is one of: quantity of wavelengths of the super-channel, wavelength center frequency of the super-channel, wavelength modulation of the super-channel, wavelength baudrate of the super-channel, and wavelength FEC type of the super-channel. The node further receiving information indicative of frequency slices in use by the super-channel and calculating, using algorithms conforming to CSPF-TE protocol, a path of a second super-channel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing a dynamic bandwidth allocation to support a low-power mode, in a passive optical network (PON) are provided. The apparatus may include a power saving mode managing unit to manage a power saving mode of at least one optical network unit (ONU), a bandwidth allocation parameter storage unit to store a bandwidth allocation parameter used for a power saving mode, and to maintain the stored bandwidth allocation parameter, and a dynamic bandwidth allocating unit to provide bandwidth allocation information to the at least one ONU, when the stored bandwidth allocation parameter is received.

Abstract: A system includes two optical modules that perform auto-setting of the optical links between the optical modules. One optical module sends an optical signal with a test pattern to the other optical module. If the receiving module determines that the test pattern is successfully received, it sends a pass indication to the transmitting module, and the transmitting module can configure its driver path in accordance with a transmit current setting used to transmit the test pattern. If the test pattern is not successfully received, the receiving module sends a fail indication, and the transmitting module can increase the transmit current setting and resend the test pattern. When the system includes multiple optical channels, one channel can be tested while feedback is provided on another channel. The system can iterate through all optical channels until they are all configured.

Abstract: A method of configuring a path between an ingress node and an egress node in an optical communications network, the path comprising a first hop and a subsequent hop. The method includes: a) selecting a candidate hop for the first hop of the path; b) obtaining a value of a signal feasibility parameter for the candidate hop; c) determining whether said value lies within an acceptable value range and if one is, accepting said candidate hop for the first hop of the path, and if one is not, repeating steps a. to c.; d) selecting a candidate hop for the subsequent hop of path; e) obtaining a value of a signal feasibility parameter for a combined path comprising the first hop and the candidate hop for the subsequent hop of the path; f) determining whether said value lies within an acceptable value range, if one is, acceptable value range accepting said candidate hop for the subsequent hop of the path, and if one is not, repeating steps d. and e.

Abstract: A method for upstream bandwidth allocation in a passive optical network is provided by the disclosure. The method includes the following steps: an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) allocates an upstream bandwidth for an Optical Network Unit (ONU) through an upstream bandwidth mapping (US BWmap) domain, wherein the total length B of payloads transmitted by consecutive Transmission Containers (T-CONTs) allocated for the ONU is: the product of the positive integer n and the data byte length L contained in a code word when the ONU uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding, minus the byte length R of the contents protected by FEC, except the payloads, in an upstream burst slot transmitted by the ONU, i.e. B=L×n?R bytes (401); and the ONU encapsulates the upstream data according to the size of the T-CONT total bandwidth allocated by the OLT and transmits it to the OLT (402). A system for upstream bandwidth allocation in a passive optical network is also provided by the disclosure.

Abstract: Changes in a signal are detected. The signal is repeatedly sampled in a synchronous manner during a predetermined interval to generate a captured eye diagram. At least one of a positive differential eye diagram or a negative differential eye diagram is generated from the captured eye diagram and a baseline eye diagram. The at least one positive or negative differential eye diagram is analyzed to determine whether a change in signal conditions is present.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring performance of a coherent optical receiver includes a beam splitter splitting light into first and second paths, a first optical modulator modulating the first path light, a variable optical attenuator controlling an optical power of the first optical modulator, a first polarization controller transmitting a signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable optical attenuator to the coherent optical receiver, a second optical modulator modulating the second path light, a variable optical delay line delaying time of an output of the second optical modulator, a second polarization controller transmitting a signal controlling polarization of an output of the variable optical delay line to the coherent optical receiver, a network analyzer measuring performance of the coherent optical receiver and controlling the optical modulators, and a controller transmitting a control signal to the optical modulators.

Abstract: An optical communication module in which the pin arrangement can be applied flexibly. An optical communication module has an outer shape formed based on normal standards and which is able to communicate with a host-side circuit board, etc. to which it is fitted, via a predetermined communication interface; wherein the optical communication module exchanges input/output I/F information with the circuit board, etc., and the communication interface can be switched to another communication interface based on these input/output I/F information.

Abstract: The carrier phase of a carrier wave modulated with information symbols is recovered with a multi-stage, feed-forward carrier phase recovery method. A coarse phase recovery is performed to determine a first phase angle which provides a first best estimate of the information symbol corresponding to the digital signal. Using the first best estimate as input, a second stage of estimation is then performed to determine a second phase angle which provides an improved (second) best estimate of the information symbol. Additional stages of estimation can be performed.

Abstract: A method for estimating the noise of a two-photon entangled state, including generating pairs of photons; for each pair of photons, defining a first polarization measurement, associated with a first angle and defining a second polarization measurement, associated with a second angle. The method includes generating a first string of polarization measurements and a first string of angles; generating a second string of polarization measurements and a second string of angles; generating a first uncorrelated substring, formed by the polarization measurements of the first string associated with angles that are different from the corresponding angles of the second string of angles; generating a second uncorrelated substring, formed by the polarization measurements of the second string associated with angles that are different from the corresponding angles of the first string of angles; and determining an estimate of the noise on the basis of the first and the second uncorrelated substrings.

Abstract: Instant discloser is a method to transmit multiple data-streams of varying capacity data using Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) over Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) network, comprising acts of determining number of data bytes to be requested for each Virtual Concatenation Group (VCG) in a row-time of the aggregated bandwidth and storing it in a VCG request configuration memory, reading the requested number of data bytes from each data-stream in order in to a Row Buffer for each row time of an SDH frame, reading data stored in the Row Buffer from memory address determined by one or more connection memory wherein the connection memory is programmed to carry out sequencing of bytes of the Row Buffer based on the VCAT numbering, and inserting path overhead (POH) and pointer information in to the read data streams in previous step to transmit multiple data-streams of varying capacity data using VCAT over SDH network.

Abstract: A system for measuring a length of one or more spans between a first optical transceiver and a second optical transceiver in a fiber-optic network, which can determine, at a processor associated with the first optical transceiver, a round-trip time of an optical signal communicated from the first optical transceiver to the second optical transceiver and back to the first optical transceiver. The system can also determine, at the processor, a half-round-trip time by dividing the round-trip time by two. The system can also determine, at the processor, a distance between the first and the second optical transceivers by multiplying the speed of light by the half-round-trip time.

Abstract: A system to provide carrier frequency control in an optical network includes a first network element monitoring performance information and a second network element coupled to the first network element by the optical network. The second network element receives performance information from the first network element using an administration channel bandwidth, and modifies a carrier frequency associated with the second network element based on the performance information such that the carrier frequency is aligned to a center of a signal channel bandwidth. A method of providing carrier frequency control includes transmitting performance information by the first network element to the second network element using an administration channel bandwidth, and modifying the carrier frequency by the second network element based on the performance information such that the carrier frequency is aligned to the center of the signal channel bandwidth.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a data signal using an optical transmitter of an optical communications system. A first encoder processes an N-bit input vector in accordance with a first mapping to generate a corresponding M-bit data stream. A Forward Error Correction encoder processes the M-bit data stream in accordance with a predetermined FEC encoding scheme to generate an encoded signal. A constellation mapper maps the encoded signal to symbol values in accordance with a predetermined modulation scheme to generate a corresponding symbol stream. A modulator modulates a carrier light in accordance with the encoded symbol stream to generate an optical signal for transmission through the optical communications system. The first mapping can be adjusted to maximize performance of the optical communications system.

Abstract: An optical transmitter converts a plurality of transmission signals transmitted via a plurality of lanes into a multi-carrier signal and transmits the multi-carrier signal. The optical transmitter includes: a controller configured to generate allocation information that indicates an allocation of sub-carriers to the plurality of lanes according to a bit rate of the transmission signal of each of the lanes and a possible transmission capacity of each of the sub-carriers; and a signal processor configured to convert the plurality of transmission signals into the multi-carrier signal in accordance with the allocation information generated by the controller.

Abstract: An OLT includes an ONU link state monitor that monitors a registered state of each of the ONUs, a continuous light-emission monitor that detects a continuous light-emitting state on the basis of a monitor result given by the ONU link state monitor, and identifies an ONU being in continuous light-emission, and an optical output power shut down command unit that commands the ONU identified by the continuous light-emission monitor to shut down the optical output power. Each of the ONU includes an optical transmitter and receiver device that transmits and receives an optical signal to/from the OLT, and a light output controller that shuts down light of the optical transmitter and receiver device in response to the command given by the optical output power shut down command unit.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the method and apparatus of the present disclosure can be used to periodically and/or intermittently place one or more ONUs attached to a PON in a power savings mode so that an OTDR test can be performed. While in the power savings mode, the ONUs temporarily suspend their transmitter function and power down their upstream lasers. In a second aspect, the method and apparatus of the present disclosure can be used to coordinate the performance of OTDR during one or more periodic or intermittent discovery slots used to detect and register ONUs recently connected to the PON. Because new ONUs are infrequently connected to the PON and ONUs already registered are not permitted to transmit during the discovery windows, OTDR can be performed during these windows without impacting, to a great degree, the normal operation of the PON.

Abstract: A portable apparatus for measuring parameters of optical signals propagating concurrently in opposite directions in an optical transmission path between two elements, at least one of the elements being operative to transmit a first optical signal (S1) only if it continues to receive a second optical signal (S2) from the other of said elements, comprises first and second connector means for connecting the apparatus into the optical transmission path in series therewith, and propagating and measuring means connected between the first and second connector means for propagating at least the second optical signal (S2) towards the one of the elements, and measuring the parameters of the concurrently propagating optical signals (S1, S2). The measurement results may be displayed by a suitable display unit. Where one element transmits signals at two different wavelengths, the apparatus may separate parts of the corresponding optical signal portion according to wavelength and process them separately.

Abstract: Communication devices, systems, and methods for dynamic cell bonding (DCB) for networks and communication systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of operating a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes determining a first plurality of remote units in a cloud bonded to a communication session, measuring a received signal strength from each of the first plurality of remote units, and measuring a received signal strength from each of a second plurality of remote units in the cloud not bonded to the communication session. One or more of the second plurality of remote units is dynamically bonded to the communication session if the measured received signal strength of the one of the second plurality of remote units is greater than the measured received signal strength of the first plurality of remote units.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and an apparatus for presenting an indoor traffic map. The method includes: sending, by a near-end unit of an indoor distribution system, a pseudo carrier to a polled remote unit according to a pre-established polling routing table; receiving operating data collected by the remote unit and a measurement report reported by the terminal; determining traffic map data of the polled remote unit; determining whether the traffic map data meets a traffic map presenting condition, and presenting an indoor traffic map when the traffic map presenting condition is met. In the present invention, remote units are polled sequentially by using a pseudo carrier and a polling routing table, operating data of the remote unit and a measurement report of the terminal are obtained as traffic map data, to perform representation of a traffic map.

Abstract: An optimization unit in an optical receiver divides a symbol region out of a plurality of symbol regions into which signal points that specifies symbol information included in an optical signal are classified, into a plurality of division regions from the symbol center coordinate of the symbol region. Moreover, the optimization unit accumulates the signal points of the symbol information for every division region in the symbol region. Furthermore, based on the accumulated number of signal points for every division region, the optimization unit controls the average length of a phase estimation unit when the phase noise of the optical signal is calculated.

Abstract: A method and system for multiplexing a network of parallel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-fibers to a single acquisition channel of a closed Michelson interferometer system via a fiber splitter by distinguishing each branch of fiber sensors in the spatial domain. On each branch of the splitter, the fibers have a specific pre-determined length, effectively separating each branch of fiber sensors spatially. In the spatial domain the fiber branches are seen as part of one acquisition channel on the interrogation system. However, the FBG-reference arm beat frequency information for each fiber is retained. Since the beat frequency is generated between the reference arm, the effective fiber length of each successive branch includes the entire length of the preceding branch. The multiple branches are seen as one fiber having three segments where the segments can be resolved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an optical cable is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus may include a receiver for receiving a received pulse train through the optical cable. The apparatus may further include a cross-correlation system in communication with the receiver. The cross-correlation system may be adapted to determine a cross-correlation of the received pulse train and matched filter to an expected pulse train. The apparatus may further include a comparator in communication with the cross-correlation system. The comparator may be adapted to compare the cross-correlation to a threshold. The apparatus may also include an output transmitter, in communication with the comparator. The output transmitter may be able to output a comparison-result output that includes the results of the comparator comparison of the cross-correlation against a threshold.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes a transmission side optical transmission apparatus having a transmitting unit configured to transmit optical signals of a predetermined number of differing wavelengths, and a processor configured to apply to the optical signals transmitted from the transmitting unit, a predetermined offset related to a tilt; and a reception side optical transmission apparatus having a receiving unit configured to receive the optical signals transmitted from the transmitting unit, a measuring unit configured to measure an optical signal count of the optical signals receivable by the receiving unit, and a notifying unit configured to give notification of the optical signal count measured by the measuring unit. The processor adjusts the offset in an increasing direction when the optical signal count notified by the notifying unit increases, and adjusts the offset in a decreasing direction when the optical signal count notified by the notifying unit decreases.

Abstract: A network node comprises an optical input, an optical output, a random-access queue and a processing system. It receives a data packet, at the optical input and determines whether to process it as a guaranteed-service packet or as a statistically-multiplexed packet. A guaranteed-service packet is output within a predetermined maximum time of receipt, optionally within a data container comprising container control information. A statistically-multiplexed packet is queued. The node determines a set of statistically-multiplexed packets that would fit a gap between two guaranteed-service packets; selects one of the packets; and outputs it between the two guaranteed-service packets.

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining a signal transfer characteristic along a light path between a first point and a second point in an optical network. The optical network comprises at least one optical element situated in the light path. The method comprises transmitting a plurality of optical test signals of different bandwidths from the first point along the light path. Each signal has a known bandwidth and a known power. The method further comprises receiving the optical test signals at the second point after they have travelled along the light path and measuring the power of each received optical test signal. The method also comprises determining the signal transfer characteristic along the light path from the power measurements.

Abstract: Systems and methods according to these exemplary embodiments provide for methods and systems that allow for either reducing signal loss or improving the optical signal strength in a PON for increasing optical signal range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for identifying at least one object, wherein the object has a connection unit that can be connected to a receptacle unit of a receptacle arrangement, wherein contactless information transfer takes place between the connection unit and the receptacle unit if the connection unit is connected to the receptacle unit, wherein the contactless information transfer is realized as optical information transfer, wherein an optical signal having predetermined optical properties is generated and transmitted by at least one transmitting unit, is transferred via at least one optical transfer path and is received by at least one receiving unit, wherein an evaluation and control unit (14) connected to the receiving unit evaluates the optical properties and/or propagation time properties of the received optical signal and carries out an identification of the object by means of a comparison with stored optical properties and/or by means of a comparison with stored propagation

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for fast sweeping a spectral bandwidth in order to distinguish among signals received from effectively wavelength division multiplexed (WDMed) and time division multiplexed (TDMed) optical components on a single fiber. For some embodiments, a method for interrogating optical elements having characteristic wavelengths spanning a sweep range is provided. The method generally includes introducing a pulse of light, by an optical source, into an optical waveguide to interrogate at least a first set of optical elements having different characteristic wavelengths by performing a sweep of wavelengths over a period of the pulse, wherein the period is less than a round-trip time for light reflected from an optical element closest to the optical source to reach a receiver and processing the reflected light to determine a parameter based on the times at which signals are received.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring the profile of a single pulse or a pulse with a very low repetition rate, comprising replication means (100,105,120,125,130) for generating a series of replica pulses of an initial optical pulse (I), with a recurrence period (?); means (100b, 150) for extracting said replica pulses; optical sampling means (160,161) for sampling the extracted replica pulses (Ri) to output optical samples (Ei) from the extracted replica pulses (Ri) with a sampling period (Te), the deviation between the sampling period and the recurrence period being chosen to be not equal to zero and very much less than the recurrence period; detection means (180) for obtaining an electrical signal from optical samples (Ei) output by said optical sampling means (160,161); said replication means comprising parametric amplification means (120,140,141,142) for amplifying said replica pulses.

Abstract: A method of managing fault recovery in a trunk-branched OADM network may include determining that an optical power level over data channels of a first communications link between a first and a second terminal of the branched optical network exceeds an optical power limit. The method may further include increasing optical power sent over spare channels of the first communications link to a first level at which the optical power level over the data channels decreases to a second level below the optical power limit.

Abstract: A method of communicating data between a network device and a data network to which the device is connected via an optical fiber data link in which the device is connected to the optical fiber data link and the connection is monitored to detect data communication at a first standard. If data communication is detected at the first standard, data communication is established using the first standard. If not, the connection is monitored at the second standard. If data communication is detected at the second standard, data communication is established using the second standard.

Abstract: There is provided a method of determining transmission quality of a path in an optical communication network system obtained by connecting a plurality of networks, the method including: acquiring a value representing transmission performance corresponding to a network condition of each of spans in the path in the optical communication network system; and determining the transmission quality of the path on the basis of the acquired value representing transmission performance corresponding to the network condition of each of spans.

Abstract: In an optical communication network that includes a plurality of interconnected network nodes, a method includes storing in each network node, and for each communication channel that traverses the node, one or more impairment margins of respective impairments that affect the communication channel. A potential communication channel that traverses a subset of the nodes in the network is identified. A quality of the potential communication channel is evaluated by processing the impairment margins stored in the nodes in the subset.

Abstract: A wireless communications system including a mobile station MS and base stations BS1 and BS2, wherein one or both of the mobile station MS and the base stations BS1 and BS2 is provided with a unit for notifying information of a frame position with the possibility of transmission of packets based on detection of deterioration of a reception quality and wherein the mobile station MS is provided with a unit for determining a frame position without the possibility of transmission of packets and shifting to a peripheral cell detection mode at this frame position based on information of a frame position with the possibility of transmission of packets, whereby it is possible to shift to a peripheral cell detection mode without lowering the transmission efficiency and without complicating the processing.

Abstract: An optical transceiver and methods for using the same are disclosed. The optical transceiver and methods may be useful for providing more accurate information regarding trends in operation of the optical transceiver, predicting an impending failure of the optical transceiver, and providing details of the optical transceiver prior to failure. The optical transceiver generally includes (1) at least one of (i) a receiver configured to receive optical information and (ii) a transmitter configured to transmit optical information, (2) circuitry configured to sample data for one or more operational parameters of the receiver and/or transmitter, (3) logic configured to perform one or more statistical calculations on the sampled data to generate statistical information, and (iv) one or more memories configured to store the sampled data and the statistical information.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes a splitter that splits a local oscillator lightwave into a first local oscillator lightwave and a second local oscillator lightwave; a measurement unit that measures phase variation of the first local oscillator lightwave; a receiving unit that receives a signal lightwave and the second local oscillator lightwave and mixes these lightwaves and converts the mixed lightwaves into digital signal; a dispersion compensator that reduces chromatic dispersion of the digital signal; a phase processing unit that rotates phase of the dispersion-reduced signal based on the phase variation; and a discriminating unit that discriminates the phase-rotated signal.

Abstract: Compensation for in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) timing skew and offset in an optical signal may be achieved based on the correlation between derivatives of I and Q samples in the optical signal. The magnitude of the correlation between derivatives is measured to determine the presence of skew. Correlation between derivatives may be coupled with frequency offset information and/or with trials having additional positive and negative skew to determine presence of skew. Correlations are determined according to pre-defined time periods to provide for continued tracking and compensation for timing skew that may result from, for example, thermal drift.

Abstract: It becomes difficult to perform the optimum equalization signal processing in coherent receiving systems if a channel response in an optical fiber transmission line includes a factor without temporal centrosymmetry, therefore, an equalization signal processor according to an exemplary aspect of the invention includes an equalization filter means configured to receive digital signals by coherent receiving systems; a coefficient control means configured to control coefficients defining characteristics of the equalization filter means; a significant coefficient holding means configured to hold significant coefficients of significant values among initial values of the coefficients; a significant coefficient positioning means configured to determine a significant coefficient position, a position of the significant coefficients in the initial values, so that equalization characteristics of the equalization filter means may be optimized; and a significant coefficient setting means configured to allocate the signific

Abstract: An optical transmitter may include an optical source to provide a first optical signal having a varying frequency; an optical circuit to receive a portion of the first optical signal and provide a second optical signal corresponding to a change in frequency of the first optical signal; a photodetector to receive the first optical signal and provide an electrical signal that is indicative of the change in frequency of the first optical signal; an integrator to receive the electrical signal and provide an inverted electrical signal; and a controller to process the inverted electrical signal and provide a current, associated with the inverted electrical signal, to the optical source. The optical source may reduce the phase noise associated with the first optical signal based on the current.

Abstract: A method for optimal combined 2R/3R regenerators placement for optical transmission includes determining an optimal placement of multiple 2R and 3R regenerators that minimizes bit error rate BER at a destination node, determining an optimal number of the 2R and 3R regenerators that minimizes a total cost while satisfying the BER at the destination node, and determining an optimal placement of the 2R and 3R regenerators along a route in the optical transmission.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes: a transmitter disposed at a transmission-side node and configured to transmit two pulsed lights with different wavelengths at time intervals to a reception-side node; a transmission controller configured to control the transmitter so as to transmit the two pulsed lights repeatedly while changing the time interval; a receiving unit disposed at the reception-side node and configured to receive the two pulsed lights from the transmitter via one or more relay nodes; a detection unit configured to detect a change in a phase of at least one of the two pulsed lights received by the receiving unit; and a measurement unit configured to measure, based on the time interval and the change in a phase detected by the detection unit, a dispersion value of each transmission line between two nodes of nodes including the transmission-side node, the reception-side node, and the one or more relay nodes.

Abstract: A circuit, optical transceiver and/or methods for using the same may be useful for determining average power, extinction ratio, and/or modulation amplitude when monitoring an optical transceiver and/or optical network. The circuit generally comprises a photodiode configured to generate a first current responsive to an optical signal, a current mirror coupled to a first terminal of the photodiode, and a detector coupled to a second terminal of the photodiode. The current mirror is configured to produce a second current equal to or proportional to the first current, and the detector is configured to determine a power or amplitude of the optical signal. Further, the present scheme may communicate information using a low speed signal superimposed on or combined with the relatively high speed optical signal.

Abstract: An optical channel monitor includes a demultiplexer, a plurality of paths and a processing section. The demultiplexer demultiplexes an input optical signal, which is wavelength-multiplexed, for respective multiplexed wavelengths to generate a plurality of optical signals. The plurality of paths respectively generate a plurality of digital signals indicating optical powers of the plurality of optical signals. The processing section inputs the plurality of digital signals to calculate correction values of the optical powers, which correspond to characteristics of the demultiplexer. The demultiplexer includes a filter having FMHM (Full With at Half Maximum) within a predetermined range. The predetermined range is set based on a pass center wavelength accuracy of the filter and an oscillation wavelength accuracy of a transponder which generates the input optical signal.

Abstract: A system and method for transmitting data in a network comprising the steps of determining a traffic congestion variable of a data transmission node arranged to receive data from one or more source nodes of the network, using the traffic congestion variable to select a preferred transmission mode for use by the one or more source nodes to transmit data to the data transmission node, and switching an operating transmission mode of each of the one or more source nodes to the preferred transmission mode such that the one of more source nodes transmit data to the data transmission node with the preferred transmission mode.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, disadvantages and problems associated with transmitting high capacity (e.g., 400 G) optical signals may be reduced. In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure a method for regenerating an optical signal comprises receiving an optical signal at a network element and measuring a performance characteristic of the optical signal. The method further comprises determining that the optical signal needs regeneration based on the performance characteristic of the optical signal. The method additionally comprises performing signal regeneration of the optical signal based on the determination that the optical signal needs regeneration.

Abstract: A border node of an optical network receives optical channel traffic parameter(s) associated with an optical channel from an optical channel originator external to the optical network. The received parameters are used to determine the suitability of at least one optical path within the optical network for an externally originating optical channel. If a suitable optical path is determined, an optical channel availability message indicating the availability at the border node of an optical path within the optical network for the optical channel is sent to the optical channel originator. The optical channel originator determines an available optical channel status of the optical channel from the received optical channel availability message for the optical channel.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed that allows for the monitoring, analyzing and reporting on performance, availability and quality of optical network paths. The correlation of PM parameter metrics to client connections, coupled with threshold-based alarm generation provides a proactive and predictive management, reporting and analyzing of the health and effectiveness of individual path connections to alert Operational Support (OS) staff and/or customers to signal degradation and impending Network Element (NE) failures. The system and method performs in real-time processing intervals required for alarm surveillance in a telecommunications network.

Abstract: An optical communication apparatus includes an emitting device and a receiving device. The emitting device includes optical signal emitters, a first driver chip, a first lens member, a first control chip, and a first wireless transmitting and receiving unit. The receiving device includes optical signal receivers, a second driver chip, a second lens member, a second control chip, and a second wireless transmitting and receiving unit. The optical signal emitter emits light carrying optical signals. The first wireless transmitting and receiving unit wirelessly transmits intensity information of the light to the receiving device. The second wireless transmitting and receiving unit receives the intensity information. The second driver chip drives the optical signal receivers to receive the light.