Abstract: Compositions for and method of degrading organic chemicals in soil. The composition is a nutrient medium serving as a substrate for micro-organisms in the soil, preferably containing a major proportion of a source of carbon skeleton and energy, a macronutrient component preferably including nitrogen and other macronutrients, and a micronutrient component, preferably also a complexing agent and a vitamin/co-factor component. This nutrient material is added to soil, e.g. soil contaminated by a pesticide, to cause proliferation of micro-organisms which are effective, or which develop effectiveness to degrade the organic chemicals. Preferably the micro-organisms are those naturally present in the soil but useful micro- organisms may be added with the nutrient medium.

Abstract: Soil, which is contaminated by one or more hydrophobic organic chemicals, can be cleaned or remediated using an aqueous composition with a surfactant prepared by reacting an alkenylsuccinic anhydride or acid with an amine acid or salt of an amine acid. The surfactant allows at least a portion of the hydrophobic organic chemical to be removed from the soil by becoming associated with the aqueous composition, which is then separated from the soil.

Abstract: The permanganate ion and an alkaline earth metal base of calcium and/or magnesium are distributed into the soil by a means of mechanical mixing to destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater by chemical oxidation. The disclosed method produces a stable, post-treatment, manganese dioxide precipitate that does not adversely effect the ground water with high dissolved manganese concentrations. The permanganate salts may include potassium, magnesium or sodium permanganate, and the preferred alkaline earth metal bases may include calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide. Dolomite quick lime may be used to supply an inexpensive source of the desired calcium and/or magnesium base. The calcium and/or magnesium base may be added before, during or after the addition of the permanganate salt.

Abstract: A process and machine for receiving and processing to a transportable and usable condition, water soaked waste dredge removed from watery bodies. The process includes the steps of separating oversize material from the watery bulk waste, grinding organic oversize material to pulp, adding the pulp to the watery bulk, adding stabilizers to the bulk, conveying the aggregate to a transporting vehicle and performing the mixing process within the vehicle. The process further includes transporting the mixture to a point of use, spreading the mixture, spreading a pozzolanic binder on the mixture and mixing the binder with the mixture in situ.

Abstract: A method for treating materials dredged from a waterway, such as a harbor or channel, and forming a mixture suitable for beneficial re-use as structural fill. The dredged materials (28) may be placed in a treatment vessel (26) which transports the dredged materials (28) through a plurality of processing stages including a dewatering stage, a debris removal stage, a fixation, stabilization and solidification stage, a curing stage, and an offloading stage. The fixation, stabilization and solidification stage involves adding a cement type additive such as Portland Cement along with other additives which stabilize the dredged materials by chemical fixation and solidification to form the structural fill.

Abstract: A process for destroying CS2 in soil by alkaline oxidation by controlledly combining reagents with CS2-contaminated soil, preferably by first performing a caustic presoak with NaOH followed by stagewise addition of oxidant, preferably percarbonate, such that oxidative reagents mix with a uniform mixture of CS2-contaminated soil and caustic at a rate to prevent volatization of CS2. Off-gas produced by CS2 oxidation is collected and oxidized. The end product soil has substantially all of its CS2 oxidized.

Abstract: A method and system for removing contaminants for the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. The technique involves gas sparging and oxidation while increasing the surface area for mass transfer by the placing of packing balls into the eductor tube. The system is comprised of a means for supplying gas/ozone mixture to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system contains a conduit within the well, which extends below the water table The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent the water table.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a soil remediation method, and more particularly to a soil remediation method relying on the chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in saturated or unsaturated soil and aided by mechanical agitation of the soil. The method may be carried out in ex-situ or in-situ schemes per the devices disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method and a device for decontaminating soil on the spot from harmful substances. In the soil one or several horizontally drilled holes (10) are arranged debouching into the ground surface. In the hole a chord (16) is inserted in form of a hose or a number of interconnected sockets, in which reactive sorbents are stored. The chord (16) remains in the ground during a sufficiently long period for achieving a desired decontamination of the soil.

Abstract: A method for remediating soil which is contaminated by one or more hydrophobic organic chemicals, comprising: contacting the contaminated soil with an aqueous composition comprising a surfactant prepared by reacting a sulfonate of the formula an amine wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 18 carbon atoms, and each of R3, R4 and R5 is individually hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 7 carbon atoms and M is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or —NR10R11R12 wherein R10, R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups containing from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and removing said aqueous compositions and organic chemicals associated therewith from the soil.

Abstract: A method for remedying contamination of a subsurface environment by a non-aqueous phase liquid that is denser than water (DNAPL). The subsurface environment has a resident aqueous phase and a DNAPL phase. A dense aqueous solution that has a density greater than a density of the DNAPL phase is introduced to the subsurface environment. The dense aqueous solution displaces the resident aqueous phase and causes the DNAPL phase to rise above the greater density aqueous solution. The DNAPL phase is then recovered, which substantially remedies the contamination of the subsurface environment. An alternative method provides for introducing a dense solution layer that has a density greater than the density of the DNAPL phase beneath the subsurface region contaminated with the DNAPL phase. Next, the water table is lowered so as to create an unsaturated porous medium above the dense solution layer and to downwardly mobilize the DNAPL phase to the top of the dense solution layer.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing arsenic in a waste matrix includes the steps of combining with the waste matrix an agent for controlling the oxidation-reduction potential of the matrix, an agent for controlling the pH of the matrix and an agent for adsorbing or coprecipitating the arsenic in the matrix.