Abstract: A rotor system for horizontal-axis wind turbines is provided having compound coning and a sweep angle to improve the rotor system's yaw responsiveness and stability and to reduce vibration and stress. To further improve wind turbine performance and rotor durability blades with the load-bearing function and airfoil function separated are disclosed and are particularly useful in rotor systems having compound coning or compound coning and sweepback. The load-bearing function and support function of the rotor hub are separated to improve rotor system durability and to provide a rotor hub for use with a pitch change mechanism for altering the pitch of rotor system blades.

Abstract: An improved windmill mechanism for adjusting the position of a wind responsive assembly in relation to wind is disclosed. The preferred embodiment comprises a fabric sail mounted on the end of an arm which extends from a power output shaft. A torque sensor is disposed on the arm to sense the torque contribution through that arm to the power output shaft in response to wind acting upon the fabric sail on that arm. The position of the fabric sail is adjusted on the arm by means of a control processor which controls a trim-motor and a magnetic brake. The control processor receives the torque signal provided from the sensor and provides adjustment of the fabric sail in accordance with the torque signal. The control operates to position the sail in a running mode over the semi-circular path segment of rotation of the arm which has a leeward component of motion.

Abstract: A spider-like carrier having at least three generally horizontal arms has a hub mounted to the vertical, rotary-axis input shaft of a load. Each arm has at least one horizontal cross-arm secured to it near its radially outer end, which is supported from the ground by a low-friction support device such as a wheel or set of wheels. Mounted on each arm at the cross-arm or cross-arms is at least one sail, vane, airfoil or similar working member which is erected or spread generally normally to the wind when the respective arm is located for the working member to be blown downwind and is feathered or headed to the wind when the respective arm is located for the working member to be driven upwind. Horizontal axis and vertical axis journalling options for the working members and various sail shapes are shown, including a concave/convex sail and motor-oriented airfoil shape which provides lift when being driven upwind are shown.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for attaching blades to a rotating structure where the blades are clamped by blocks at the leading and trailing edges then to an intermediary member which is attached to the rotating structure.

Abstract: Curved airfoils are mounted on members attached to a vertical shaft. The ends of the airfoils point outward from the shaft. The members are attached to the upper and lower sections of the airfoils and converge as they approach the shaft. This minimizes the shaft length above the turbines upper most bearing and provides a balanced condition that distributes forces in such a manner which reduces airfoil stress.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wind-driven generator apparatus with variable pitch blades. The apparatus includes a yaw damping arrangement for resisting weathervaning rotation of a head assembly of the apparatus about a vertical axis and the apparatus further includes a pitch control mechanism for the blades which maintains the pitch substantially constant during normal operating r.p.m. of the blades but allows the blades to pitch up in an overspeed condition, and a brake mechanism for the generator shaft which includes an adjusting mechanism that compensates for wear in the brake.

Abstract: Airfoils (32) are secured to the frame (26) of a vertical axis windmill (20) to provide vertical lift to a rotatable vertical shaft (22) and to armatures (54) of electrical generators (50), thereby eliminating friction between each armature (54) and its end bearing (58) as well as between the vertical shaft (22) and its end bearing (68). An indicator (180) provides an indication that the generators (50) of the windmill (20) are generating an alternating electrical current having at least a predetermined voltage magnitude.

Abstract: An aerodynamic spoiler system for a vertical axis wind turbine includes spoilers on the blades initially stored near the rotor axis to minimize drag. A solenoid latch adjacent the central support tower releases the spoilers and centrifugal force causes the spoilers to move up the turbine blades away from the rotor axis, thereby producing a braking effect and actual slowing of the associated wind turbine, if desired. The spoiler system can also be used as an infinitely variable power control by regulated movement of the spoilers on the blades over the range between the undeployed and fully deployed positions. This is done by the use of a suitable powered reel and cable located at the rotor tower to move the spoilers.

Abstract: A windmill installation (10) includes a windmill (12) supported on a tower (18) that includes three legs (20, 22, and 24). The connections of the legs (20, 22, and 24) to their respective bases (36, 37, and 38) are provided by compliance members (30, 32, and 34) that are compliant enough that the natural frequency of axial bending of the windmill installation is less than the frequency with which blades (14) of the windmill (12) pass behind the tower (18). Also, a windmill compliance assembly (28) provides the connection between the windmill (12) and the tower (18) and has enough compliance that the natural frequency of pivotal bending is also below that frequency. As a result, vibration at a resonant frequency of the structure is avoided during normal operation.

Abstract: An improved horizontally mounted wind wheel is provided which comprises a framework mounted for rotation in a horizontal plane on a central upright drive shaft, a plurality of secondary shafts supported for rotation on said framework near the periphery thereof, a vane mounted near one end thereof to each secondary shaft, a plurality of vane stops on the framework positioned radially inwardly of the secondary shafts for limiting the rotation of the vanes, each of said secondary shafts being mounted for rotation about an axis which is tilted with respect to a vertical to said horizontal plane whereby each vane has a preferred predetermined rest position defined by the direction of tilting of each axis from a said vertical.

Abstract: A sail-type windmill providing high torque without limitations to size. Three sails are mounted to a frame for rotation about an axis generally parallel to the planes of the sails. In one version, the sails are flexible and sheets are provided for mounting the sails. Roller reefing is provided for modifying the effective area each sail member presents to the wind, including a spring biased weight associated with each sail and a line extending from the weight for effecting take-up and let-out of the sail and the sheet in response to radial movement of the weight. In another version, the sails are of metal and speed governing is provided by hydraulic cylinders operatively mounted to the sails for pivoting them about their axes of rotation, the hydraulic cylinders controlled by a aerometer mounted atop the windmill.

Abstract: Means for limiting rotational speed in a vertical shaft wind turbine (1) having a central hub (3) and spokes (4) extending therefrom. Spokes lying over each other support at their ends turbine blades (6) placed concentrically around the turbine shaft. Each turbine blade (6) is pivotable around a vertical axle (CA), and a leaf spring bundle (10) is in each spoke placed between the turbine blade and the base of the spoke in order to adjust, when the turbine is at a rest, the turbine blade chord angle (.beta.) in to a predetermined position and taking an unloaded state in which its center of gravity (CG) is located near and, as seen in the direction of rotation of the tubine, behind a plane (15) through the symmetry axis (CB) of the turbine shaft and the pivot axle (CA) of the turbine blade. The pivot axle (CA) of the turbine blade has such a position that the torque of the wind forces (P) around the pivot axle is reduced to a minimum.

Abstract: A base frame supports a horizontal shaft having one or more wind driven members secured thereon. Each of the wind driven members includes a shaft of light-weight framing and plurality of elongated longitudinally extending light-weight vanes having wind engaging surfaces. The vanes have a wind driving position on one side of the shaft and a return position on the other, and light-weight wind deflectors disposed at the front of the frame protecting the return position of the vanes from the wind. The wind deflectors are angularly adjustable whereby the deflected wind flowing off the longitudinal edges thereof is selectively directed against the vane surfaces in their driving position. The shaft has an output for operating a selected driven apparatus such as a generator. The base frame is rotatably supported on a pivot for selected adjustment relative to the wind.

Abstract: A Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine is disclosed which includes a vertically extending rotor tube mounted on a support structure with two or three rotor blades of troposkein configuration on the rotor tube for rotating the tube in response to wind energy and thereby drive a generator to produce electrical power. The turbine includes an erection hinge which permits assembly of the rotor tube and blades at close to ground level followed by upward hinging of the rotor assembly to a vertical position. It also includes a system for automatically lubricating the top bearing upon erection and a system for visually tensioning the guy cables.

Abstract: A spindle assembly for a soft airfoil wind turbine wheel having an elongate support cable connected in tension between the rim and hub of the wheel, an elongate, rotatable spindle mounted adjacent the elongate support member and a constraint mechanism for constraining the spindle against excessive bowing in response to wind pressure. The constraint mechanism includes a plurality of clamps mounted to the elongate support member which loosely surround the spindle and any airfoil furled therearound except for a slot for passage of the airfoil. Rollers are located adjacent the slots to guide the airfoil therethrough and are mounted to rotate about members interconnecting the clamps so that the wind pressure exerted by the soft airfoil is distributed along the length of the support members. Bracing cables connected to the elongate support member further distribute the wind pressure forces to the wheel structure and ground.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wind-driven generator apparatus with variable pitch blades. The apparatus includes a yaw damping arrangement for resisting weathervaning rotation of a head assembly of the apparatus about a vertical axis and the apparatus further includes a pitch control mechanism for the blades which maintains the pitch substantially constant during normal operating r.p.m. of the blades but allows the blades to pitch up in an overspeed condition, and a brake mechanism for the generator shaft which includes an adjusting mechanism that compensates for wear in the brake.

Abstract: A wind turbine is disclosed comprising blade forms mounted for limited pivotal movement as they proceed around an orbital path. A torque sensitive control means is provided to progressively limit the pivotal movement of the blade forms in response to changes in the rotational speed of the turbine so that high torque and efficiency is obtained throughout the operational range of the turbine.

Abstract: A mechanical sail including a rotatable mast, the mast including a top vane mount and a bottom vane mount, the mounts being spaced from each other on the mast and rotatable therewith, a series of rotatable vanes spaced from and surrounding the mast and supported by and between the mounts, cam operators extending between the mounts and connected to the vanes for controlling the rotation of the vanes, a first controller associated with the mast below the bottom vane mount for controlling the cam operators, the first controller being movable vertically with respect to the mast, a second controller for moving the first controller vertically with respect to the mast, the vanes being flexible and bowed outwardly, the bottom vane mount being movable with respect to the mast and connected to the second controller whereby when the second controller is operated, the bottom vane mount will move toward the top vane mount causing the vanes to bow outwardly at a desired arc and whereby when the first controller is moved, t

Abstract: A wind powered turbine of the vertical axis type having rotor blades (3) carried on a rotor arm (2), in which the blades can be reefed to reduce torque on the turbine. The blades have two portions (6, 7) pivotable with respect to one another by the reefing means so as to move from a position parallel to the rotation axis to a position at which they form an angle about a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis.

Abstract: Apparatus for furling, unfurling, and controlling a flexible airfoil for use in connection with a wind turbine wheel, comprising a rotatably mounted spindle journaled at one of its ends (the head end) to the hub of a wind turbine wheel, and at its other end (the foot end) in a foot plate bracket adjacent the rim of the wheel. The bracket is attached to a diametral bracing cable, and a soft airfoil is furled on the spindle. The foot plate is rotatably mounted so that the spindle foot can swing through a small arc about a centerline defined by the outer end of the cable. A "V"-shaped boom is rotatably secured to the foot plate and the bracing cable at its free ends such that the boom is pivotable with the spindle about a common axis spaced from the rotational axis of the spindle. A pulley is affixed to the outer, apex end of the boom.

Abstract: A fluid turbine, the rotation axis of which is transverse to the direction of fluid flow, has at least two blade assemblies mounted for rotation about the rotation axis. Each blade assembly includes a streamlined elongated blade having a span parallel to the rotation axis. Each blade is pivotable about a pivot axis parallel to and spaced from the rotation axis. The pivot axis is located circumferentially ahead of the blade center of pressure with respect to the direction of turbine rotation. Each blade assembly is so constructed that its center of mass is located either at its pivot axis or circumferentially at its pivot axis and radially outboard of its pivot axis.

Abstract: A vertical shaft 11 has several equally spaced blades 14 mounted thereon. Each blade consists of an inboard section 15 and an outboard section 16 skew hinged (17) to the inboard section. The inboard sections automatically adjust their positions with respect to the fixed inboard sections with changes in velocity of the wind. This windmill design automatically governs the maximum rotational speed of shaft 11.

Abstract: A yaw control device automatically aligns a windmill. A spur gear displaces a motor-driven worm gear mounted between balanced springs when an external turning moment is applied to the windmill. Displacement of the worm gear moves an actuator arm positioned between switches in the motor power supply circuit, closing one of the switches and thereby activating the motor to drive the spur gear in opposition to the turning moment. An idler gear can be operatively positioned between the spur and worm gears. The worm gear is mounted on the rotatable shaft of a bracket pivotally connected to the spur or idler gear axis or is mounted on splined shaft rotatably supported by fixed bearings. The actuator arm is rigidly connected to the worm gear bracket or is pivotally mounted adjacent the worm gear. In an alternative embodiment, the worm gear is connected to the windmill for movement therewith about a fixed spur gear.

Abstract: A multi-armed, wind-operated wheel is disclosed which can be mounted to a spindle post and has a vane swivel-mounted to each of the radial arms of the assembly. The vanes are arranged to apply wind force against high-void supported grids during a downwind portion of rotation of the arm around the axis, and swing away from the grids to alignment with wind direction during the upwind sector of rotation of the arm and movement of the vane. A wire nut mounting of the wheel to a hanger wire, in lieu of post mounting, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vertical rotatable shaft is fitted with sets of radial arms extending from it to which are connected the leading edges of vanes rotatable about that member as axis. The vanes have sheets of flexbile material so that they may act like sails under pressure of the wind. A cam track, machined in a horizontal surface of a planar member just adjacent and outside the path of the vanes, guides the trailing edges of the vanes so that as the shaft rotates, the vanes are oriented about their axes to reach, run and tack before the wind. The member having the surface defining the cam track is attached to a tail assembly that orients the cam track to the wind direction. The inner assembly, which is pinned to the shaft makes a power rotor. The outer assembly which is free to rotate independently of the shaft is a cam cage.

Abstract: A fluid operated motor utilizes one or more flexible rectangular sails and associated supporting frames, sail guides and drive apparatus enabling each of the sails to cyclically fold and unfold, drive the sail supporting frames and provide a source of power when placed in a moving stream of fluid such as in a wind stream, river or gas stack.

Abstract: A wind motor having two sets of wind force collectors which rotate in a horizontal plane. One set is vertically displaced from the other and rotates in an opposite direction. One set is connected to the stator and the other to the rotor of an alternator. The wind force collectors have valved wind traps which have high aerodynamic drag in one profile and low aerodynamic drag in the opposite profile.

Abstract: A wind-turbine having a horizontal shaft carrying the turbine blades, hinged in such a manner that a limited flapping movement is possible. The flap angle of the turbine blade is adjustable by means of the position of the piston of a double-acting piston-cylinder drive means. The two chambers of the piston-cylinder drive means are connected to one another over a regulatable throttle valve. A regulatable pump is coupled in parallel with the throttle valve and coacts with it to oscillate or lock the blades.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved system for propulsion of boats by winds and streams and for recovery of disposable energy from floating stations neither moored nor anchored, the improved system comprising:at least one aerial feathered propeller with its shaft, the propeller being mounted orientable in any azimuth direction contained in a substantially horizontal plane and adapted to function as an aerogenerator as well as a propulsive screw;a superstructure supporting device on the floating unit adapted to permit orientation as desired of the aerial propeller in the direction of the wind;at least one nautic propeller screw with its shaft, mounted under the bottom of the floating unit and adapted to be capable of functioning as energy collecting turbine as well as propeller;a transmission system connecting the aerial propeller shaft to the nautic propeller shaft, the transmission being reversible and capable of including a torque conversion device to select during operations the direction of transmission

Abstract: Wind generator apparatus employs an induction generator with a wind-driven rotor. Connection of the induction generator to AC power lines is controlled by apparatus that compares generator rpm and line frequency. The rotor blades have a pretwisted, varying-chord inboard portion and an untwisted, constant-chord outboard portion. The blades are self-starting, operate efficiently over a range of wind speeds with constant pitch maintained by a torsional biasing mechanism, and pitch up automatically when the normal rpm operating range is exceeded. An improved blade-supporting spar of low torsional stiffness has an I-beam configuration with filament-wound flanges. A pitch damper prevents torsional oscillations while permitting the blades to pitch up readily. The rotor, which includes a teetering hub, is free to weather-vane about the axis of a supporting tower, but a yaw damper limits angular velocity. A guy wire and gin pole arrangement stabilizes the tower and permits easy raising and lowering of the tower.

Abstract: A windmill having blades with both variable pitch and variable spanwise twist. The windmill includes a hub which may be supported on top of a tower for rotation about a substantially horizontal axis. A plurality of blades are provided, each having a root, a tip and a spanwise twistable intermediate section. Linkage mechanisms connect the roots of the blades to the hub to permit selective independent rotation of the roots and the tips of the blades for varying the pitch and the spanwise twist of the blades. An electric power generator is drivingly connected to the hub. A control mechanism is connected to the linkage mechanisms for varying the pitch and spanwise twist of the blades in accordance with a predetermined desired relationship.

Abstract: A high torque windmill is provided for use in converting wind power to usable energy, having a vertical axis about which a plurality of flexible vanes are journaled for rotation and spaced radially therefrom. The vanes are circumferentially spaced and mounted on a rigid circular, multi-sided support member which comprises the rotor journaled for rotation about the vertical mounting axis. Each vane comprises a conical member made of a dacron material and open at opposed ends thereof. A plurality of rods are held in pockets located about the conical surface for maintaining the desired conical configuration. These rods extend beyond each pocket at the smaller end of the cone, for fitting into tubular members fastened to the rotor to hold the vanes in place. Adjacent vanes are offset from the plane of rotation by 15 degrees in opposite directions (that is, up and down) in order to maximize the amount of captured wind power. The foregoing design provides a low speed high torque multi-directional windmill unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wind turbines and more particularly to such a device having a horizontally disposed power output shaft pivotally supported by a turntable. Attached to the output shaft are a number of circumferentially spaced apart blades which are each hinged along their leading edges with the hinge axes inclined obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. A spring controlled governor is provided to control the pivotal position of each of the blades around their respective hinge axis of rotation.

Abstract: A wind turbine rotor speed control for ensuring a constant rotational speed within tight tolerances includes a self-sufficient rotor (16) incorporating aerodynamic and mechanical devices to provide the control. There is a fixed turbine blade (26) adapted to be mounted on a shaft (14) for rotation therewith, the fixed blade (26) having pivotal blade tips (28) at its respective ends. The pitch control of the blade tips regulates the rotor speed. Aerodynamic tabs (180) are pivotally secured adjacent each of the ends of the respective trailing edges (34, 36) of the fixed blade. The relative wind acts on each tab which is connected to a series of links (188-168) and pitch cams (86) to regulate the pitch of the blade tips from a feathered position (210), to a cut-in position (212), to a rated wind position, and vice-versa.

Abstract: A vertical axis wind turbine includes a rotating frame carrying a plurality of flexible, resilient blades rigidly secured at their leading edges to the rotating frame. The trailing edges of the blades, which are free to flex, react to the wind for producing a force in the direction of rotation of the frame. As the blades rotate through one hundred eighty degrees they change orientation and continue to receive the air current in proper relation for driving the frame forwardly.

Abstract: A configuration for a sailboat mainsail comprises a rotating wind-mill like sail structure mounted on a rotating pedestal base. The wind driven rotating sail delivers power to the sailboat propeller through a flexible driveshaft and transmission and thus provides an ability to sail a particular desired course direction irrespective of the direction from which the wind is blowing.

Abstract: A wind turbine of the type having an airfoil blade (15) mounted on a flexible beam (20) and a pitch governor (55) which selectively, torsionally twists the flexible beam in response to wind turbine speed thereby setting blade pitch, is provided with a limiter (85) which restricts unwanted pitch change at operating speeds due to torsional creep of the flexible beam. The limiter allows twisting of the beam by the governor under excessive wind velocity conditions to orient the blades in stall pitch positions, thereby preventing overspeed operation of the turbine. In the preferred embodiment, the pitch governor comprises a pendulum (65,70) which responds to changing rotor speed by pivotal movement, the limiter comprising a resilient member (90) which engages an end of the pendulum to restrict further movement thereof, and in turn restrict beam creep and unwanted blade pitch misadjustment.

Abstract: Wind energy is converted in a system having a telescoping, rotating, tiltable tower. A variable number of airfoil members is unfurled in accordance with the area of wind stream to be swept. The tiltable windmill rotating mast is a telescoping tower, which is retracted into storage mode, usually during dangerous windstorms. Each intermediate telescoping member carries a supporting member for an airfoil above and below such support, so that all sails are taut only when the tower is fully raised. Sails can be flapping when only partially raised. The number of sails unfurled is adjustable by reason of such telescoping mast. Resilient means urge the rotatable mast into a truly vertical position, while permitting such mast to tilt not more than a controlled angle in response to the wind, thereby permitting the airfoils more efficiently to rotate the mast.

Abstract: A reversible airfoil generally wing-like in shape comprising at least two spaced apart rigid spars having at least two slots therethrough, bars projecting through the slots in each rigid spar, each end of each bar attaching to a flexible slat, and a common flexible movable skin adjacent the flexible slats thereby covering same to form a reversible airfoil. A series of the rigid spars and attending parts when covered by a common flexible skin and adapted to fit on a beam provides a unique sail for a sailboat. Additionally, a series of the rigid spars and attending components when covered by a common flexible skin and vertically mounted on a rotatable frame provides a reversible lift airfoil for a wind-powered generator.

Abstract: Wind turbine of cross-flow type with constant or cyclically adjustable blade angle. The vanes (2) consist of one or more sets of blades with arched or, in sections, straight extension in longitudinal direction, comprising several substantially parallelly extending blades (3, 4 8), the spacing of which from one another is fixed by means of a number of spacing elements (5, 9) having aerodynamic profiling and providing a spacing of the order of magnitude of between 1/2 and 3 times the blade chord.

Abstract: This invention relates to an automatic regulating device for wind-powered propellers having blades which are connected to the propeller hub by torsion springs and are self-adjustable in dependence of the wind forces acting on the blades and returnable by action of the torsion springs. The distinctive feature of the invention is that the torsion spring connecting each blade with the propeller hub has a substantial portion of its length pre-stressed between two abutment points situated on a radius from the propeller axis and radially spaced from each other. The abutment points permit twisting the blade about its longitudinal axis from an initial position by wind forces against action of the prestressed torsion spring. The abutment points are both fixed either in relation to the blade or in relation to the hub.

Abstract: A wind-driven turbine with a self-regulating pitch control system is disclosed. The turbine includes a wheel having a plurality of wings or blades that rotate about a longitudinal pivot axis through a pitch range. The blades are in coned or parallel relation to the axis of rotation of the wheel. Biasing means are provided for biasing the wings toward a starting pitch position. The center of gravity of each wing is spaced from the axis of rotation of the wheel and from the pivot axis of the wing toward its trailing edge. Centrifugal force acting on the wings causes them to move from a starting pitch orientation to a power pitch orientation as the speed of the turbine increases. A system is provided for selectively controlling the pitch of the wings, preferably from a location remote from the turbine.

Abstract: A propeller hub carries pivotally-mounted blades that are linked to a spring-loaded collar on the propeller shaft for automatic coning and feathering under predetermined high velocity movement along the propeller shaft to change the blade pitch angle during low wind velocity conditions. An airfoil support mounts a propeller shaft and turns therewith to reduce tower shadow effects. This is called a "down-wind system" meaning the propeller is behind the tower and causes the assembly to rotate into the wind without a tail vane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a windmill comprising a vertical shaft mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis, a number of blades each pivotally mounted for angular orientation about a longitudinal axis disposed parallel to the axis of rotation of the vertical shaft, supporting arms extending radially outwardly from the vertical shaft for supporting each blade, and interconnecting links connecting each of the blades to a junction adjacent the vertical shaft longitudinal axis for controlling the angular orientation of the blades relative to the supporting arms. The interconnecting links have inner ends connected to the junction and connect the blades together at corresponding points so that the blades counterbalance each other to resist centrifugal force during rotation of the windmill.

Abstract: A sail mounting frame extends upwardly from the hull of a boat and is constructed of a lower section and an upper section which rotate relative to each other about a first axis of rotation which extends generally vertically upwardly with respect to the hull of the boat. An overhung axle is rotatably journaled to the mounting frame upper section for rotation about a second axis corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the axle. A circular convex sail is supported by a correspondingly shaped support frame, which support frame is mounted on the free end of the axle for rotation of the sail about both the first and second axis of rotation.

Abstract: A vertical wind turbine having vertical blades, each blade being connected intermediate its ends by a hinge to a support arm having a hub that enables the blades to rotate around a vertical axis, a tie wire connected to the blade at positions spaced along the blade from the hinge, said tie wire engaging a spring-loaded pulley disposed inwardly of the blades, the arrangement being such that when the angle of inclination of the blades to the vertical axis alters under the action of centrifugal force the tie wire exerts a force on the pulley opposing the spring force whereby as the turbine speeds up the blades will remain at a predetermined angle of inclination until the force exerted by the wire exceeds the force of the spring. One end of the tie wire can be connected to a position on one blade and connected to another position on another blade so that all of the blades adopt the same angle of inclination to the vertical axis.

Abstract: A wind turbine on an essentially vertical mast converting wind power to electric power for the propulsion motors of a screw propelled ship. The turbine is omnidirectional and capable of being reefed for speed control.

Abstract: A lightweight simplified economical and efficient sail or rotor blade for a vertical axis wind machine and simplified self-acting restraining means for the blade during rotor operation are disclosed. The rotor structure is characterized by ease of assembly and the absence of need for adjustment and frequent maintenance. Individual rotor blades are attached to vertical axis whips extending above and below horizontal rotor arms. The rotor is self-starting and turns in one direction only in response to wind coming from any direction on the compass.

Abstract: A cycloidal fluid flow engine suitable for turbine and propeller operation, employing blades of aircraft type wing and tail configuration, pitch controllable through the full range of advance ratios by reciprocating control surfaces, guided by an adjustable inclined bearing device on each blade hub, or one such device centrally located on the mainshaft housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a windmill of the type having an elongated propeller shaft inclining upwardly away from the wind direction so that the height of the propeller above ground is substantially determined by the length of the shaft and its angle with the horizontal plane. The invention is based on the recognition that the wind load on the propeller is substantially acting as a longitudinal tensile strain in the shaft when its angle with the horizontal plane is within a certain angle range, and according to the invention it is therefore sufficient to support the shaft by a simple staying device via a bearing. One end of the staying device may be attached solely to the non-rotating part of the bearing, resulting in the achievement of an inexpensive and light construction having a relatively thin shaft.