Abstract: This invention relates to the technology of preparing a vacuum by removing gases from an enclosed volume and to the use of magnetized plasma as the working fluid in a vacuum pump. The pumping action is created by ionizing the gas to be pumped with microwave radiation and then by exerting magnetohydrodynamic forces on the plasma to flow through a region of constricted space which impedes the backflow of neutral gas thus causing compression of the gas in the exit region. The magnetohydrodynamic forces arise as the vector product of a plasma current j and a magnetic field B, which are imposed on the plasma by a structure of electrodes and permanent magnets. The geometry of this structure is such that the magnetic force and the plasma current between electrodes are approximately perpendicular to each other and to the axis of the device. The resulting j.times.B force then creates an axial plasma flow and neutral compression.

Abstract: A propulsion system has a unit generating electric current, a unit generating a magnetic field substantially perpendicular to the electric current, and a unit forming a duct arranged so that by interaction of the magnetic field and the electric current a force in a liquid accommodated in the duct is produced and the liquid is moved to apply a thrust. The unit forming a duct is formed as a closed duct so that the liquid circulates in the duct and does not escape from it.

Abstract: A steam generator utilized for a liquid-metal coolant reactor comprises an outer shell body in which an electromagnetic pump is arranged. The electromagnetic pump comprises a hollow cylindrical iron core provided with comb-shaped portion at an outer peripheral surface thereof and an annular stator coil means assembled in the comb-shaped portion of the cylindrical iron core. A main passage of liquid metal is formed on a side on which the stator coil of the iron core is assembled and a cooling bypass passage is formed at substantially the central portion of the cylindrical iron core in a vertically penetrating fashion.

Abstract: An electrical pump for pumping liquid metals to high pressures in high temperature environments without the use of magnets or moving mechanical parts. The pump employs a non-porous solid electrolyte membrane, typically ceramic, specific to the liquid metal to be pumped. A DC voltage is applied across the thickness of the membrane causing ions to form and enter the membrane on the electrically positive surface, with the ions being neutralized on the opposite surface. This action provides pumping of the liquid metal from one side of the non-porous solid electrolyte membrane to the other.

Abstract: A pump or a control valve for molten metal with a pipe (11) made of refractory or sufficiently resistant materials which are absolutely or almost non-conductive to electricity. An induction coil (12) for alternating current is concentrically-situated in a certain position surrounding the pump pipe. A cylindrical displacement unit (13) which has a smaller diameter than the bore of the pump pipe ends in the area of the pipe where the coil is located. A cylindrical annulus is formed, which in the vicinity of the coil extends to the full cross section of the pipe.

Abstract: Colloids that are formed by the suspension of superconducting particles in liquids and gases are moved under the influence of external magnetic fields. The devices described have the unique advantage of being capable of moving and manipulating such colloids without resorting to mechanically moving and actuated parts. The apparatuses described have the additional advantage that they allow the control of the flow rate of such pumped colloids by electrical, magnetic or electronic means.

Abstract: Liquid metals are centrifugally pumped from a static container without the necessity for employing a mechanical impeller. A powerful rotating magnetic field surrounding the static container causes the metal to be rotated vigorously and the velocity head so created is converted in a volute shaped head into vertical motion to the desired delivery point.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for filtering liquid-phase metal. The method comprises the steps of: (1) establishing a bath of liquid-phase metal; (2) providing a conduit connecting the bath to a filtering means; and (3) producing a magnetic field within the conduit to produce axial flow of the liquid-phase metal within the conduit to transfer at least a portion of the liquid-phase metal to the filtering means and cause at least a portion of the liquid-phase metal to flow through the filtering means.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump for use in a pressure-feed device for feeding molten metal from a furnace to a casting machine includes a core protection tube housing a cylindrical core of ceramic for protecting the core from erosion by contact with molten metal, a duct accommodating the core protection tube with a space defined between the duct and the core protection tube, and a coil disposed around the duct and energizable for generating a moving magnetic field to feed molten metal filled in the space. The core protection tube is supported in the duct by a pair of support members having confronting end faces, respectively, fitted in the respective opposite ends of the core protection tube for holding opposite ends of the core.

Abstract: A MHD turbomachine includes a rotary ferromagnetic rotor, a stationary ferromagnetic stator surrounding the rotor and defining axially-spaced annular cavities which extend circumferentially about and radially from the rotor, and axially-spaced annular ferromagnetic disks surrounding the rotor and mounted for rotation with the rotor. The disks are disposed in the stator cavities so as to define a pair of annular passages on opposite sides of each disk which are connected in flow communication with one another at inner and outer peripheries of the disk. An electrically conductive fluid occupies the passages and is capable of flowing along an endless path through the passages. A pair of electrodes mounted to the stator radially conduct a flow of electrical current through the fluid between the outer and inner peripheries of the disk. A field coil mounted to the stator generates a magnetic field in axial relation to the stator and disk and transversely across the fluid within the passages.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electromagnetic molten metal supply system in a die cast machine and so forth, in which an electromagnetic pump is immersed in a furnace for maintaining molten metal, and the supply tube of the pump is connected to an injection cylinder. The electromagnetic pump is provided with two groups of coils, one of which is for maintaining the molten metal and the other group of coils for supplying the molten metal, and these two coils are controlled separately.

Abstract: A winding and method of winding for a submersible linear pump for pumping liquid sodium is disclosed. The pump includes a stator having a central cylindrical duct preferably vertically aligned. The central vertical duct is surrounded by a system of coils in slots. These slots are interleaved with magnetic flux conducting elements, these magnetic flux conducting elements forming a continuous magnetic field conduction path along the stator. The central duct has placed therein a cylindrical magnetic conducting core, this core having a cylindrical diameter less than the diameter of the cylindrical duct. The core once placed to the duct defines a cylindrical interstitial pumping volume of the pump. This cylindrical interstitial pumping volume preferably defines an inlet at the bottom of the pump, and an outlet at the top of the pump.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and pump assembly comprising a heat exchanger including a housing for defining an annularly shaped cavity and supporting therein a plurality of tubes. A pump is disposed beneath the heat exchanger and is comprised of a plurality of flow couplers disposed in a circular array. Each flow coupler is comprised of a pump duct for receiving a first electrically conductive fluid, i.e. the primary liquid metal, from a pool thereof, and a generator duct for receiving a second electrically conductive fluid, i.e. the intermediate liquid metal. The primary liquid metal is introduced from the reactor pool into the top, inlet ends of the tubes, flowing downward therethrough to be discharged from the tubes' bottom ends directly into the reactor pool. The primary liquid metal is variously introduced into the pump ducts directly from the reactor pool, either from the bottom or top end of the flow coupler.

Abstract: When molten metal within a molten metal tank is supplied to an injection sleeve of a casting machine through a molten-metal supply pipe by the operation of an electromagnetic pump, a sensor detects changes in height of the surface of molten metal within the tank as time passes, and a controller corrects the period during which the pump is driven on the basis of molten-metal surface detection signals from the sensor. The controller divides the difference in height of the surface of molten metal within the tank as between its highest level and its lowest level into a number n of regions, and drives the pump in such a controlled manner that the pump is connected to a three phase AC power source and is intermittently supplied with three-phase power having a constant voltage and a constant frequency so that the pump controls the molten-metal supply amount with its driven period serving as a molten-metal supply period.

Abstract: An annular electromagnetic induction pump is disclosed which operates without an external cooling source in pumping molten metals such as magnesium, aluminum, lead, zinc, antimony and their numerous alloys. Also disclosed is an electrical insulation material which is serviceable without degradation at temperatures up to 1500.degree. F. Also disclosed is a six coil version of said annular electromagnetic induction pump which provides reduced size advantages.

Abstract: A method comprising the steps of: allowing the directions of a magnetic field, an electric current and the liquid metal flow to perpendicularly intersect to one another; and varying at least one of the magnetic field and the electric current in intensity in response to the temperature of the liquid metal. A force acting on the liquid metal flow is increased and decreased by the interaction between the magnetic field and the electric current. An apparatus for performing the method comprising material varying in electric property with the temperature of the liquid metal. The material is installed in at least one of a path of the magnetic field, a path of the electric current and means for generating the magnetic field. Variation of the electric property of the material allows one of the magnetic field and the electric current to be automatically increased or decreased in intensity in response to the temperature of the liquid metal, so that the force acting on the liquid metal flow is controlled.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump and generator apparatus for electrically conductive fluids includes a conduit for containing the conductive fluid and apertures in the sides of the conduit. A fluid circuit is defined outside the conduit for containing a quantity of the conducting fluid and is configured so that the conducting fluid in the circuit is in fluid communication with the conducting fluid in the conduit. When used as a pump, a magnet produces a magnetic field across the conduit between the apertures and a device is employed to produce an electric current in the conducting fluid in the fluid circuit. Current in the conducting fluid in the fluid circuit flow across the conduit through the conducting fluid contained therein between the apertures. The current flowing across the conduit together with the magnetic field imparts a force on the conducting fluid in the conduit causing the fluid to be pumped.

Abstract: A liquid metal pump assembly is disclosed as being adapted to be disposed as one of a plurality of like pump assemblies in a continuous, closed array about a core of a nuclear reactor system. Each pump assembly comprises a pipe for receiving and directing a pumped, intermediate liquid metal through the pump assembly, and first and second duct modules disposed on either side of the pipe. Each duct module comprises primary ducts for receiving and directing a primary liquid metal in a first direction, and intermediate ducts in communication with the pipe for directing a first flow of the intermediate liquid metal therethrough in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: A hydrostatic bearing system utilizing ferromagnetic fluid exclusively as working fluid including that used for sealing for preventing the ferromagnetic fluid itself from escaping outside the bearing. In order to accomplish the objects and function, the hydrostatic bearing system proposed here comprises, in addition to ordinary parts or components used in the conventional type, a fluid chamber for containing the ferromagnetic fluid as a working fluid, a circulating passage, at least a recovery groove for collecting the fluid squeezed out of the fluid chamber, a magnetic seal to prevent the fluid from escaping and at least an impelling device to forcibly deliver the ferromagnetic fluid at a predetermined pressure and flow rate. The impelling device can be constructed utilizing a shifting magnetic field, or multilayered rings fabricated of piezo-electric components, or of impelling cylinders having axially lengthenee or reduced in length.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a magnetic pump for pumping ferrofluids. The magnetic pump in its simplest form has at least two coils which are electrically connected to a multi-phase power source to produce a traveling electromagnetic field. In close proximity to the coils and substantially normal to the axis of the coils is a tube which defines the path of fluid flow. It is preferred that the coils be embedded in a stator of ferromagnetic material and that the stator be cylindrical. Preferably the tube is wound about the cylindrical stator either internal to or external to the stator. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the tube is placed in an annular gap between cylindrical stators of different diameter and having coils energized so as to produce reinforcing traveling magentic fields.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and electromagnetic pump assembly is disclosed as comprising a heat exchanger including a housing for defining an annularly shaped cavity and supporting therein a plurality of tubes. An electromagnetic pump is disposed beneath the heat exchanger and is comprised of a plurality of flow couplers disposed in a circular array. Each flow coupler is comprised of a pump duct for receiving primary liquid metal, and a generator duct for receiving an intermediate liquid metal. A downcomer tube is disposed centrally of the assembly and passes through the annularly shaped cavity and the array of flow couplers to discharge the intermediate fluid into a first plenum chamber. The first plenum chamber is disposed in communication with the generator ducts of all of the flow couplers, thus permitting the intermediate liquid metal to flow upward therethrough.

Abstract: Induction immersion pump, including a temperature-resistant housing extended above and below a given liquid level, a channel disposed in the housing at least partially below the given liquid level, the channel having a substantially rectangular cross section with wide and narrow outer surfaces, a comb-shaped coil core being disposed in the housing and having teeth pointing toward the channel, copper induction coils disposed on the coil core at the wide outer surface of the channel, and at least one feed line and at least one discharge line for inert gas disposed in the housing above the given liquid level.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic pump of the type including concentric outer and inner conduits for defining a passage for molten metal, an exciting coil surrounding the outer conduit, and a magnetic core contained in the inner conduit, a cartridge electric heater is inserted into the inner conduit for preventing temperature drop of the molten metal supplied to a casting machine, for example. The electric heater may be disposed in series with the magnetic core or may be inserted into a cylindrical magnetic core.

Abstract: Electromagnetic screw channel pump having a helical delivery channel, including polyphase coils for generating a magnetic field travelling in circumferential direction of the delivery channel and a magnetic flux return structure, the polyphase coils being arranged in a cylindrical inner portion, and the magnetic flux return structure being arranged outside of the helical delivery channel.

Abstract: A DC electromagnetic pump for circulating liquid-metal coolant through a nuclear reactor. The metal is circulated through ducts which are disposed in an annulus. Opposite walls of the ducts serve as electrodes to transmit current radially with respect to the annulus through the liquid metal in the ducts. The radial current is supplied by a homopolar generator. The walls of the ducts joining the electrodes are of composite structure. They include metal plates insulated from the electrodes backed up by insulators and are capable of withstanding the pressure of the liquid metal. These composite wall structures may also be of thin metal strips of low electrical conductivity backed up by sturdy insulators. A circumferential electric field is supplied to the liquid metal by a toroidal electromagnet which has core sections interposed between the ducts. The windings of the electromagnet extend over the ducts to suppress flux leakage.

Abstract: A liquid metal circulation system is disclosed which is suitable for use in connection with a nuclear reactor. The circulation system of the invention includes an electromagnetic pump having a central core body featuring a helically configured, six pole magnet, optionally directing flow to one or a series of flow couplers, which generates sufficient liquid metal flow to be used as the primary circulation means for the nuclear reactor. The increased safety, design simplicity, and efficiency of such circulation system overcomes many of the drawbacks of conventional circulation systems.

Abstract: A pump assembly is disclosed for transferring the internal energy from a second or intermediate liquid metal to a first or primary liquid metal. The pump assembly comprises a pump duct for receiving the first liquid metal and a primary generator duct for receiving a first flow of the pumped, intermediate liquid metal. A first or main means in the illustrative form of a plurality of field coils generates and applies a main magnetic field through the pump and the primary generator ducts, whereby a first current flow is established through the pump and primary generator ducts and the primary liquid metal is pumped. An auxiliary generator duct receives a second flow of the pumped, intermediate liquid metal.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetohydrodynamics system which utilizes liquid metal or alloy moving in a channel through a magnetic field to generate electricity. Energy is put into the system by pumping the liquid metal to an elevated collection zone. A portion of the liquid metal is collected in a cooling zone where a solid metal outer skin is formed in the shape of a piston. Pressure is applied to the bottom of the piston to move the piston and a portion of the remaining liquid metal to the collection zone where the metal is heated thus remelting the piston and cycle is repeated.

Abstract: A flow characteristic regulating electromagnetic flow coupler is disclosed as comprising a pump duct and a generator duct for connection in separate flow circuits containing electrically conductive fluid. Circuit means electrically connect the separate fluid in each of the pump and generator ducts for conducting electric current through the fluid in each of the pump and generator ducts transversely of the fluid flow therethrough. Means are provided for applying respectively first and second magnetic fields through the fluids of the generator and pump ducts transversely of the current and fluid flow therethrough, whereby the fluid driven through the generator duct forces the fluid to flow through the pump duct.

Abstract: A device for flowing a fluid having electrical conductivity comprises a plurality of fluid passages annularly arranged such that electric current can flow across the adjacent passages and a magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic flux crossing the plurality of passages in radial direction. The electric current induced by making the electrically conductive fluid flow in part of the fluid passages is caused to flow in loop through all the fluid passages. The electrically conductive fluid existing in the remaining fluid passages is caused to flow by the induced current and the magnetic flux produced in the magnetic field generating means, in synchronism with the flow of the fluid flowing through said part of the fluid passages.

Abstract: Electromagnetic pump for circulating and stirring liquid metal in a vessel. The pump is arranged in a liquid-metal-resistant immersion box. The pump has an approximately horizontal pump canal with the openings on two opposite sides of the liquid-metal-resistant immersion box. The pump can be immersed in the liquid metal bath by means of a suspension device. The pump canal has an elongated cross section and the longest dimension of the cross section is vertical. Comb-shaped magnet coil cores with magnet coils are arranged on both broad sides of the pump canal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic metal melt pump for pumping and delivery molten metal from a furnace, having a ground plate, an inductor attached to the ground plate, an inductor attached to the ground plate and including a laminated iron body having slots in which a multiphase winding is placed. A metal melt tank made of magnetizable material is provided with heat insulation and is attached to the laminated iron body. A suction tube (7) is coaxially placed in the metal melt tank (3), the suction tube (7) comprises three main parts: the first part is a suction tube (7c) having a volume (V.sub.4) for closing the magnetic circuit of the inductor between points A and B which determine the immersing depth; the second part is a buffer tank (7b) having a volume (V.sub.1) to produce a reduced pressure space between points B and C; the third part is a suction tube (7a) having a volume (V.sub.2) for creating a reduced pressure in the suction tube (7) immersed into the metal melt of the furnace.

Abstract: Method for conveying liquid metal by means of two series-connected electromagnetic pumps, of which one is an immersion pump and the other a canal pump, characterized by the feature that the immersion pump is continuously operated with low or medium output and the dosing and/or control of the liquid-metal flow is accomplished by connecting the canal pump aiding or bucking.

Abstract: The invention consists of an electromagnetic-field pump. Electrolyte which is an electromagnetic conductor can be stirred and pumped by forcing a field through the electrolyte to magnetically charge the electrolyte and making use of magnetic force exerted on the charged electrolyte by a magnetic field to move the electrolyte. There are no moving parts in the device, only the changing magnetic fields. The magnetic pump assembly is submerged in an electrolyte and consists of an open ended tubular nonmagnetic chamber through which the electrolyte is forced to move in response to changing magnetic fields from external coils which are positioned about the exterior of the tubular chamber and operated to sequentially change in phase.

Abstract: Electromagnetic pump for electrically-conductor fluid containing an external pipe (1) enveloped by magnetic half-yokes (11, 11') containing slots (14) in which half-coils (19, 19') are installed forming two polyphase half-windings (35, 35') permitting a symmetry plane.The fluid is contained in a duct (31) comprised between the external pipe (1) and an internal pipe (5) which is closed and contains a magnetic core (24). The duct (31) is provided with partitions (29, 29', 34) which separate the duct (31) into two active half-ducts (32, 32') in which the fluid flows and two passive streams (33) in the vicinity of the joint plane in which the fluid scarcely flows at all.Pump with a high degree of efficiency and easy to dismantle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump of the helical annular linear induction type has pumped flow along paths which lie both inside and outside pipes (21) passing through the pump annulus (14). The pipes may be sampling pipes of failed fuel element detection apparatus. A number of pumps according to the invention may be arranged in cascade with selected pipes passing in series through selected combinations of pumps in the cascade so that, with an appropriate energization of selected pumps, flow along one pipe can be created while flow along other pipes is prevented.

Abstract: A system for cooling a substrate via a continuous enclosed path within the substrate that passes closely adjacent heat producing components on or adjacent the substrate. According to a first embodiment, heat, where located on the substrate, is transmitted to a heat sink in the vapor phase by a change in phase of a liquid in the path to a vapor, thereby creating little change in temperature from heat source to heat sink and maintaining the substrate and components at substantially the same substantially constant temperature. According to a second embodiment, heat is removed by a circulating conductive liquid in the continuous enclosed path which takes up heat at the sources and removes the heat at a sink in the path.

Abstract: Electromagnetic linear induction pump for liquid metal which includes a unitary pump duct. The duct comprises two substantially flat parallel spaced-apart wall members, one being located above the other and two parallel opposing side members interconnecting the wall members. Located within the duct are a plurality of web members interconnecting the wall members and extending parallel to the side members whereby the wall members, side members and web members define a plurality of fluid passageways, each of the fluid passageways having substantially the same cross-sectional flow area. Attached to an outer surface of each side member is an electrically conductive end bar for the passage of an induced current therethrough. A multi-phase, electrical stator is located adjacent each of the wall members. The duct, stators, and end bars are enclosed in a housing which is provided with an inlet and outlet in fluid communication with opposite ends of the fluid passageways in the pump duct.

Abstract: The device includes a chamber for holding a metal in the liquid state having a lower section that communicates with three channels which converge to form a single passage wherein two of the channels include inductor cores around which the channel forms an annular zone to contain the metal. In the presence of alternating currents of variable voltage and phase, the inductors can be energized separately or simultaneously to perform the heating, mixing and transferring operations within the channels.

Abstract: The electromagnetic flow coupler comprises substantially electrically insulated side walls for minimizing parasitic losses in the side walls. The side walls may comprise alumina plates attached to conductive members with thin stainless steel plates disposed on the inside walls of the alumina plates for reducing the flow of electricity through the side walls of the flow coupler.

Abstract: Device for controlling a liquid metal flow in a tube having a prismatic cross section including a plurality of comb-like slotted magnet cores grouped about the periphery of the tube and extending parallel to the flow direction of the liquid metal, electromagnetic coils respectively connected to one of the phases of a polyphase alternating current and mounted respectively on teeth of the plurality of comb-like magnet cores, n.x of the coils of which n equals an optional whole number and x equals the number of a-c phases being mounted on each of the magnet cores, the magnet cores being disposed in planes extending at an angle other than 90.degree. to the surface of the tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating iron or steel from slag by inductively pumping the iron or steel up an inclined trough away from the non-pumped slag.

Abstract: A pump and heat exchanger for pumping a conductive fluid through interaction with a magnetic field and a flowing second conductive fluid. A plurality of tube sets are arranged along radii of a circular annulus formed between two shells. One of the fluids is pumped by conventional means through the radial spaces between the tubes, generating currents and voltages which cause the other fluid to flow within the tubes and in the opposite direction. In magnetic air gap regions of the pump, the tubes are rectangular in shape. As a result of the circular geometry, currents flow circumferentially within the annulus, and voltages are maintained at a low value.

Abstract: Pumping and measuring apparatus for fluid metals comprising an electromagnetic pump which operates in two modes; first, an idling mode in which the pump operates at one rate of flow and continually circulates fluid metal out of a reservoir, through an opening in a conduit and back to the reservoir; second, a delivery mode in which the pump operates at a higher rate of flow and circulates fluid as in the idling mode, and further raises the fluid metal to a higher opening in the conduit for delivery therethrough. A timing control for selectively adjusting the durations of each mode as well as the time intervals between modes allows high accuracy of measurements of quantities of fluid metal delivered.

Abstract: An applied traveling potential wave induces a traveling wave of electrical harge in the liquid phase of a dielectric working fluid providing an electrical traction which pumps the working fluid from a condensing section to an evaporating section of an electrohydrodynamic inductively pumped heat pipe. In one embodiment, a surface electrical traction is induced along an open interface that extends along the liquid phase return flow circuit, and in another embodiment, the electrical traction is induced in the liquid bulk of an inhomogeneous dielectric working fluid along the liquid phase return flow circuit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic induction pump comprises an open magnetic circuit with an excitation winding. Installed in the air gap of the magnetic circuit is a duct for the flow of an electrically conductive liquid wherein electric current is induced. The pump further comprises a means for electrical continuity outside the air gap of the magnetic circuit. This means for electrical continuity is in electrical contact with the conductive liquid being pumped and partially embraces the magnetic circuit. At least the magnetic circuit portions adjoining the duct have a length l, in the direction of the liquid flow, which is defined by the expression: ##EQU1## where .sigma.=the specific conductivity of the conductive liquid being pumped;.mu..sub.o =the magnetic permeability of the conductive liquid being pumped; and.omega.

Abstract: The electromagnetic pump comprises specially shaped magnetic pole extensions disposed around the duct along the line of flow of the fluid. The pole extensions increase the magnetic field along the axial center line of the duct, thereby increasing the mid-duct fluid body forces which in turn increase mid-duct velocity. The pole extensions decrease both viscous drag along the electrode walls and turbulent mixing in the exit regions of the duct. Both of these reductions increase pump efficiency. Moreover, the nearly uniformed velocity profile obtained with these pole extensions reduces current leakage in the end regions of the electrodes.

Abstract: A reverberatory furnace includes a reverberatory furnace body for melting metal and holding molten metal, having an opening well, an electromagnetic trough for transporting hot molten metal from the reverberatory furnace body upwardly and slantly, having an inductor for generating a travelling magnetic field, and a guide trough for guiding the hot molten metal from the electromagnetic trough to the opening well. The hot molten metal is circulated through the reverberatory furnace.

Abstract: An electromagnetic conduction pump for liquid metal, including a part of refractory material; two magnetic circuits each including a horizontal arm embedded in the refractory material, the first having a gap and the other being closed; a rising channel arranged in the refractory material for pumping of the liquid metal passing through the gap in the first magnetic circuit and a closed turn of liquid metal communicating with the rising pumping channel at the place where it passes through the gap. The turn consists of a channel of inverted-U shape the legs of which dip into the bath of metal, one of the legs consisting of a section of the rising channel and the other leg partially interlacing the horizontal arm of the second magnetic circuit.

Abstract: A cylindrical linear induction motor comprises an inductor having a laminated core structure formed of individual circular cores with slots adapted to receive a polyphase winding. The slots receiving the polyphase winding are arranged uniformly on the internal surface of the cores, one core being disposed with respect to the other so that the slots for like phases of the winding are displaced over a distance equal to or greater than the distance between the contiguous slots of one core.