Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method for inhibiting hydrogen permeation in metal refinery equipment comprising incorporating into a product stream handled by said equipment a polyamine amide of 3-hydrocarbyl thiopropionic acid in an amount sufficient to inhibit said hydrogen permeation. In a preferred embodiment, the polyamine amide of 3-hydrocarbyl thiopropionic acid is selected from the group consisting of propanamide, N-[2-[2-[3-(dodecenyl)-2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl]ethyl]amino]ethyl]-3-[dodecylthio]-2-methyl and 15-thia-5,8,11-triazaheptacosanoic acid, 2-(dodecenyl)-13-methyl-4,12-dioxo, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic mixtures of o-phenylphenol and additional bactericides.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting or retarding the corrosion of metals in contact with water solutions containing lithium halide comprises introducing into the solution a crystal habit modifier and lithium molybdate.

Abstract: A disinfecting process is disclosed by means of aqueous peroxide compositions prepared by first reacting hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide supplier with an N-acyl compound in an alkaline medium, then in a second step by adjusting the pH value of this alkaline solution in a range from 7 to 9.

Abstract: Non-halogen substituted, nitrogen containing, aromatic compounds are disclosed which are effective copper corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems being treated with a halogen biocide. The materials of the present invention exhibit copper corrosion inhibition comparable to tolyltriazole in the absence of halogen, copper corrosion rates of less than about 2.5 mills per year in aqueous systems where halogen is present; and do not exhibit a detrimental effect on halogen demand in an aqueous system being treated.

Abstract: A composition including at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate and at least one protein. A weight ratio of the at least one polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate to the at least one protein is from about 50:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: A composition including ground calcium carbonate and sodium montmorillonite. A composition including magnesium aluminum silicate and sodium montmorillonite. An aqueous pulp slurry, including wood pulp, metal cations, anions, and about 50 to 500 ppm of an anti-scalant comprised of at least one of magnesium aluminum silicate, hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate, saponite, sepiolite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, ferrous carbonate, manganese carbonate, dolomite, hectorite, amorphous magnesium silicate, and zinc carbonate.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method may include at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 1000 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9, and wherein a mean particle size of the anti-scalant is less than about 3 microns. The method may also include at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 1000 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9; and adding dispersant to the aqueous system.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, in the presence of up to about 0.4 ppm of cationic polymer. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system at at least one of before a pulping digester and at a pulping digester, such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method includes at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and adding copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene. A composition includes at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and wherein a weight ratio of the at least one polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate to the copolymer is from about 50:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: A process useful for protecting metal surfaces against corrosion in is presented involving: (a) forming a corrosion inhibitor having a compound corresponding to formula (I): where R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another represent an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl or alkylaryl group or a group corresponding to formula (II): A− is an anion, n is the number 2 or 3, p is a number of 1 to 3 and R5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 7 to 23 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, and R4 is a group corresponding to formula (II) or (III): where R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above and Z is a group —(CH2)m— or a group corresponding to formula (IV):  m is an integer of 1 to 6, X is a group NH or an oxygen atom and D is a dimer fatty acid residue containing on average 36 to 54 carbon atoms; (b) combining the corrosion inhibitor with liquid aqueous, liquid non-aqueous or gaseous me

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibited working fluid for an aqueous ammonia absorption cycle apparatus is charged with an alkali metal base in the concentration range of 0.0003 to 0.0063 moles per liter of water. A process for controlling corrosion and hydrogen generation in the aqueous ammonia absorption cycle apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by adding to the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiacrown ether compound. The compounds are monomeric or polymeric and have from 4 to about 10 sulfur atoms on each of the crown rings. The polymeric thiacrown ether ring structures are substituted with polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers and have from 4 to about 10 sulfur atoms on each of the crown rings. In some embodiments of the invention, a linkage “M” connects the thiacrown ether ring structures and the polymers and M is O; S; COO; C1 to C5 substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene wherein the substituent is OH, SH, F, Br, Cl, I, COOH, amine, mono- or di- C1 to C5 alkylamino, C1 to C3 lower alkanoylamino or nitro; or M is NR6 where R6 is H or C1 to C5 alkyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting the cavitation-erosion corrosion of aluminum surfaces. The method comprises the step of contacting the aluminum surface with a formulation comprising a corrosion inhibitor composition comprising one or more carboxylic acids, or salts or isomers thereof, and a polymerizable-acid graft polymer which comprises an unsaturated grafting acid and an alkylene oxide polymer, or copolymers thereof. This method has been demonstrated to be a surprisingly effective means to inhibit cavitation-erosion corrosion of aluminum surfaces found in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A method for preventing obstruction in aluminum brass pipes in a water flow path, including the steps of continuously supplying iron ions or an iron ion supply compound to water in the water flow path in such a manner that a concentration of iron ions in the water is 0.005 to 0.05 mg/liter, and supplying hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide supply compound for a period of time sufficient for preventing adhesion of organisms to the aluminum brass pipes but not impeditive to formation of corrosion-resistant coating inside the pipes, in such a manner that a concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the water is 0.1 to 1.5 mg/liter, whereby corrosion of aluminum brass pipes and adhesion of organisms to the pipes are prevented.

Abstract: Non-halogen substituted, nitrogen containing, aromatic compounds are disclosed which are effective copper corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems being treated with a halogen biocide. The materials of the present invention exhibit copper corrosion inhibition comparable to tolyltriazole in the absence of halogen, copper corrosion rates of less than about 2.5 mills per year in aqueous systems where halogen is present; and do not exhibit a detrimental effect on halogen demand in an aqueous system being treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-viscosity, aqueous coolant brines based on inhibited alkali metal acetates and/or formates having improved corrosion protection, wherein the coolant brines contain 0.2 to 5% by weight of alkali metal sulfites or pyrosulfites, in particular 1 to 2.5% by weight of these sulfites. The brines according to the invention furthermore contain 0.3 to 5% by weight of basic substances from the alkali metal carbonates, hydroxides, borates and phosphates group and also 0 to 0.3% by weight of alkali metal silicates and 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of stabilizers from the triazoles, benzimidazoles and/or mercaptothiazoles group. The novel coolant brines result in very low corrosion rates, in particular with steel and cast iron.

Abstract: Quaternized imidazoles I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of 1-12 carbon atoms which can be substituted by oxygen-functional groups or interrupted by nonadjacent oxygens,R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are hydrogen or saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of 1-12 carbon atoms which can be substituted by oxygen-functional groups or interrupted by nonadjacent oxygens, it being possible for R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, together with the corresponding imidazole carbons, to form a five- or six-membered ring, andX.sup..crclbar. is an anion,are used as corrosion inhibitors in the corrosion protection of nonferrous metals, especially for car radiator protection.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting corrosion of metal is described, wherein the composition comprises at least one tetraalkylammonium halide, at least one alkyldiamine, at least one polyethylene aliphatic hydrocarbon amine, at least one polyethylene fatty acid ester, at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon hydroxyalkyl imidazoline, at least one polyethylene glycol aliphatic ester, and at least one trialkanolamine, and at least one amine oxyalkylate.

Abstract: The invention effectively prevents occurrence of corrosion in water tubes or the like of boilers. The invention provides a method for operating a boiler, including regulating a concentration of sulfate ions SO.sub.4.sup.2- in boiler water to under 500 ppm, and a method for injecting a sulfite base oxygen scavenger, including setting a concentration of residual dissolved oxygen in boiler feed water to 2-4 ppm. The invention further provides a sulfite base oxygen scavenger composition comprising: 3-30 weight % of at least one selected from a group consisting of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3, K.sub.2 SO.sub.3, NaHSO.sub.3 and KHSO.sub.3 ; 1-20 weight % of NaOH or KOH; 0.2-2 weight % of potassium sorbate; and 5-500 ppm of CoSO.sub.4.

Abstract: The invention provides for the treatment of raw water having a pH of 2.5 to 9, an alkalinity of at most 50 mg/l expressed as calcium carbonate, a calcium content of at most 100 mg/l expressed as calcium carbonate, and a positive calcium carbonate dissolution potential. The process comprises separating part of the water from the remainder thereof and acidifying the part to increase its calcium carbonate dissolution potential. The acidified water is then fed through a bed of particles comprising calcium carbonate where the water consumes part of the calcium carbonate thereby increasing the calcium content and the alkalinity of the water which issues from the bed. The water issuing from the bed is then mixed with the remainder of the raw water to obtain an at least partially treated product water having a positive calcium carbonate dissolution potential which is at least 2 mg/l calcium carbonate less than that of the raw water.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A corrosion preventive method and an apparatus for preventing corrosion of stainless steel components in an exhaust gas desulfurizing apparatus of an exhaust gas treatment system comprising the exhaust gas desulfurizing apparatus for removing at least sulfur dioxide by bringing exhaust gas into contact with absorbing solution, wherein specific means is employed to maintain the Cl.sup.- concentration and SO.sub.4.sup.2- concentration at a corrosion preventive side of the corrosion resisting limit of stainless steel.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiodialkanol. The thiodialkanol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the corrosion of silver in a dishwashing detergent solution by adding to the solution an inorganic redox-active substance.

Abstract: An odor control system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream. In a first chamber, the gas stream is initially treated with NaOH at low pH for removal of about 70% of the H.sub.2 S. Unreacted NaOH and the reaction product Na.sub.2 S flow into a first sump while the initially treated gas stream flows into a second chamber, fluidly connected to a second sump. In the second chamber, the gas stream is scrubbed with a solution of NaOH and NaOCl for scrubbing of the remaining H.sub.2 S before the cleaned gas is exhausted to atmosphere. From the second chamber, unreacted NaOH and NaOCl, together with reaction products sulfur, Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and Na.sub.2 S flow into the second sump. The contents of the two sumps are flushed out separately by adding make up water to each of them. Each sump has a separate drain and each drain empties into a common drain where the Na.sub.2 S from the first sump reacts with unreacted NaOCl from the second sump to produce sulfur and Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.

Abstract: Primary amines, ammonia, or mixtures thereof can be detected using a reagent comprising from about 650 ppm to about 25 percent by weight of phthalic dicarboxyaldehyde; from about 74 to about 99.88 percent by weight of an alkali metal borate; and, from about 550 ppm to about 22 percent by weight of a nucleophile.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiodialkanol. The thiodialkanol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous system is described which comprises incorporating in the system a hydroxylamine derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which may be the same or different represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl or a water soluble salt thereof or a precursor thereof, and a tannin in a weight ratio of at least 2:1. This is particularly useful for boiler water systems.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and the formation of hydrogen and thus improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump system by maintaining the hydroxyl ion concentration of the aqueous ammonia working fluid within a selected range under anaerobic conditions at temperatures up to 425.degree. F. This hydroxyl ion concentration is maintained by introducing to the aqueous ammonia working fluid an inhibitor in an amount effective to produce a hydroxyl ion concentration corresponding to a normality of the inhibitor relative to the water content ranging from about 0.015 N to about 0.2 N at 25.degree. C. Also, working fluids for inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel and resulting hydrogen formation and improving absorption in an ammonia/water absorption system under anaerobic conditions at up to 425.degree. F. The working fluids may be aqueous solutions of ammonia and a strong base or aqueous solutions of ammonia, a strong base, and a specified buffer.

Abstract: Corrosion prevention compositions which contain lactobionic acid N-alkylamides are described. In particular, lactobionic acid N-alkylamides in which the saturated or unsaturated alkyl group bonded via the amide function has a chain length of 8 to 18 carbon atoms show a good corrosion-inhibiting action. The use of lactobionic acid N-alkylamides in corrosion prevention compositions and metalworking compositions is also described.

Abstract: A non-biocidal method for inhibiting microbially influenced corrosion of susceptible metal surfaces having an anaerobic biofilm containing active sulfate-reducing bacteria comprising contacting the biofilm with a liquid dispersion of anthraquinone compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for inhibiting the corrosion of low carbon steel in contact with aqueous systems. The composition comprises a silicon compound containing a hydrolyzable group, a complex fluoro acid, and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Corrosion of ferrous metal surfaces in an aqueous system, such as a boiler system, is inhibited by adding a first component and a second component, the first component being preferably carbohydrazide, hydrazine, or a salt thereof, the second component being selected from the group consisting of certain hydroxylamine compounds or mixtures thereof, preferably N,N-diethylhydroxylamine. The weight ratio of the added first component to the added second component is between about 4:1 and about 1:4.

Abstract: A polymer and method of controlling corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in water systems is disclosed. The polymer has the general structure: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester or a hydroxylated lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester of such carboxylic acid, or amide forms thereof; E.sup.2 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid functionality; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 --O-- or --C(.dbd.O)--O--; R.sup.3 is --?--CH.sub.2 --CH(--CH.sub.2 --OH)--O--!--.sub.n ; n is an integer greater than 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: The formation of amine or glycol degradation products in solutions used to remove acid gases or water from hydrocarbon or inert streams is reduced by adding to the solution an oxygen scavenger in which the effective component is an oxime of the formula: ##STR1## Mixed with a quinone promotor in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl groups of one to six carbon atoms. The addition of the quinone promotor increases the reactivity with oxygen at lower temperatures. The compound may also be as a corrosion inhibitor in gas treating or processing equipment.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an amine unit for removing of acid gases from a hydrocarbon, comprising adding to the solution a sufficient amount of a corrosion-inhibiting composition comprising a blend of salicylic acid with a reaction product of maleated tall oil fatty acid polyhydroxy polyalkane and ammonium or potassium hydroxide; tallow diamine quaternary dichloride or alkanediol or mixtures thereof, and alkanol or alkanolamine. The blend may be diluted in water and may optionally include an antifoam material.

Abstract: An odor control system and method for removing unwanted odorous airborne constituents in which the gas stream is flowed through a compact, boxlike housing having a plurality of sequentially communicating treatment chambers. Gas stream pretreatment is accomplished in a first chamber, in fluid communication with a sump, as the gas flows through a packed bed wetted by suitable chemical reagents. After pretreatment, the gas stream is passed through downstream chambers, also utilizing wetted packed beds. These chambers are in fluid communication with a second, separate sump. Because of the first chamber/separate sump combination, influent gas treatment, by stages, can be accomplished. In this manner, different, contemporaneous chemical treatments are possible, within the single housing, with different chemical reagents utilized as needed. Such treatments are possible even in cases where otherwise incompatible chemical reagents are used.

Abstract: A polymer and method of controlling corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in water systems is disclosed. The polymer has the general structure: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of one or more .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomers, selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic 3acid, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester or a hydroxylated lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester of such carboxylic acid, and amide forms thereof; E.sup.2 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of one or more .alpha., .beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid functionality; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 -- O--or --C(.dbd.O)--O--; R.sup.3 is --(--CH.sub.2 --CH(--CH.sub.2 --OH)--O--)--.sub.n ; n is an integer greater than 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous system is described which comprises incorporating in the system a hydroxylamine derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which may be the same or different represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl or a water soluble salt thereof or a precursor thereof, and a tannin in a weight ratio of at least 2:1. This is particularly useful for boiler water systems.

Abstract: An aqueous system containing scale forming salts including both calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate and characterized by high pH and high calcite concentrations which further contains a synergistic effective amount of a combination comprising (A) a polyether polyamino methylene phosphonate, and (B) a terpolymer comprising the monomers of acrylic acid, sulfophenomethallyl ether and maleic acid, is disclosed. A method for inhibiting the formation, deposition and adherence of such scale forming salts in the aqueous system employing the synergistic combination is also provided.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed. The oxygen scavengers comprise cyclohexanediones which, when added to basic aqueous solutions, effectively scavenge oxygen from the aqueous solutions. The oxygen scavenger has particular utility as an oxygen scavenger from water in heating systems such as boilers and heat exchangers.

Abstract: A method for deoxygenating water is provided comprising the steps of (1) adding an oxygen scavenger such as hydrazine, carbohydrazide, diethylhydroxylamine or morpholine to water containing oxygen, contacting the water and the oxygen scavenger with hydroxide, carbonate or carbonate/bicarbonate form strong base anion resin wherein the water within the bed has a pH greater than about 7; and (2) contacting the water containing the oxygen scavenger with the strong base anion resin for at least about one minute and removing from the bed water containing less than about 100 ppb oxygen. The method is especially useful in deoxygenating boiler feedwater and makeup water at substantially ambient temperatures during boiler start-up procedures.

Abstract: An aqueous scale inhibitor product is corrosive to the elongated feed lines of a geothermal well due to the length of such feed lines, extended residence time of the product therein, and/or the elevated internal temperatures reached therein, and such corrosivity of aqueous scale inhibitor products is reduced when the scale inhibitor actives are no more than about 10 weight percent of the aqueous solution, when the pH of such aqueous solution is raised to the range of from about 5.5, or 8, to about 12, when carbohydrazide is added to such product, and by combinations of such factors.

Abstract: Polyether polyamino methylene phosphonates possess high calcium tolerance and have been found to give excellent inhibition of the formation, deposition and adherence of scale-forming salts, especially calcium carbonate, under severe conditions which include elevated pH, high dissolved solids content, and high saturation levels of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an anion selected from the group consisting of phosphate, borate and molybdate groups, and a method for making these compounds. The compounds are useful in the control of microorganisms in aqueous systems and in the inhibition of corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with aqueous systems.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion in ammonia-water absorption machines that includes adding to an ammonia-water solution soluble silicon compounds. Examples of these silicon compounds include sodium silicate (Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3), potassium silicate (K.sub.2 SiO.sub.3), lithium silicate (Li.sub.2 SiO.sub.3), silicic acid (H.sub.2 SiO.sub.5), and tetramethoxysilane (CH.sub.3 O).sub.4 Si. Sodium silicate is revealed as the preferred embodiment.

Abstract: An environmentally acceptable and economically appealing method of inhibiting corrosion in brine solution systems wherein an aqueous brine solution is treated with gluconate or sorbitol.

Abstract: The corrosion of steam and condenser systems and piping therefor is minimized by the addition of anti-corrosion amounts of Vitamin A or Vitamin E.