By Heat Treating Silica And The Alkali Metal Patents (Class 423/334)
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Patent number: 11807567Abstract: The invention relates to a glass production method comprising the production of a glass precursor mixture for a glass furnace, in which water, sand and sodium carbonate are mixed in weight proportions of between 0 and 5%, 40 and 65%, and greater than 0 and at most 25% respectively, and, after at least 10 minutes, calcium oxide is added in a weight proportion of between 1 and 20% of the total. The invention relates to a method for producing glass using a mixture containing, in particular, calcium oxide, and a glass melting furnace, said method and furnace using a burner with a flame directed at the glass batch.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 2018Date of Patent: November 7, 2023Assignee: ARC FRANCEInventors: Herve Charles, Jean-Marie Bonningues, Sebastien Donze, Francois Famchon, Xavier Ibled
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Patent number: 10780414Abstract: A method of preparing an adsorbent for removing siloxane, in which the method includes mixing a silica particle and an OH compound to bond OH functional groups to the silica particle; measuring percentage by weight of OH bonded to the silica particle; calculating a bonding number and spacing of the OH functional groups by the percentage by weight of OH bonded to the silica particle; performing an evaluation of an adsorption rate and desorption rate of the silica particle to which the OH functional groups, of which the bonding number and spacing are calculated, are bonded; and adjusting the bonding number of the OH functional groups in the silica particle according to the evaluation.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 2018Date of Patent: September 22, 2020Assignee: Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyInventors: Jong-soo Jurng, Hyoun-duk Jung, Young-haeng Lee
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Patent number: 8621889Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing compounds based on one or more silicates of alkali metals and/or of alkaline-earth metals, optionally in the form of mixed silicates that combine at least two of these elements, said process involving: (i) preferably a conversion reaction (1) in which halides of said alkali metals and/or of said rare earths and/or of said alkaline-earth metals are converted into the corresponding sulfates; (iii) a conversion reaction (2) in which said sulfates together with silica are converted into the corresponding silicates, the heat supply needed for this conversion being provided, at least in part, by a combustion reaction (3) using a submerged burner or a plurality of submerged burners.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2008Date of Patent: January 7, 2014Assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass FranceInventors: Pierre Jeanvoine, Arnaud Le Verge
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Patent number: 8512664Abstract: A method is provided for treating silica sand scrubs (SSS) generated and accumulated as waste in the chloride manufacturing process of titanium dioxide pigment. A hydrothermal process is used to produce sodium silicate solutions of modulus 3.0 to 3.8, and precipitated silicas. In some embodiments, the process uses two specific principal reaction stages. A sodium silicate solution having a low SiO2:Na2O molar ratio, in the range from 2.0 to 2.8, is first produced by reaction of the SSS, as a cost-effective SiO2 source, with aqueous caustic soda. The conversion of this intermediate sodium silicate solution of low modulus to a high SiO2:Na2O molar ratio is made possible by using a SiO2 source that is prepared as precipitated amorphous silica from the intermediate sodium silicate solution produced above.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2012Date of Patent: August 20, 2013Assignee: The National Titanium Dioxide Co. Ltd. (CRISTAL)Inventors: Fadi Mohammed Saeed Trabzuni, Hassan Moenes El Dekki, Chathangat Cheroolil Gopalkrishnan
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Patent number: 8460453Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing clear aqueous solutions of silicates, remaining stable at 20° C. on storage for at least 6 months, containing 20% to 40% by weight SiO2, 10% to 20% by weight M2O, where M is a cation from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, K+ and NY4+ and Y is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, 0.5% to 6% by weight Al2O3 and 100% by weight water, by introducing an aqueous solution of a silicate of the general formula M2O x nSiO2, in which M is a cation from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, K+ and NY4+, and where Y is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, and n is a number in the range from 1 to 5, and metering in an aluminium compound in such a way that the viscosity of the reaction mixture remains below 10 000 mPas, and the reaction being carried out in a temperature range from 20 to 140° C.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2010Date of Patent: June 11, 2013Assignee: Cognis IP Management GmbHInventor: Ralf Bohlander
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Publication number: 20130052544Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cathode active material which contains small-particle sized and low-crystalline lithium transition metal silicate and which undergoes charge-discharge reaction at room temperature. The cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is characterized by containing a lithium transition metal silicate and exhibits diffraction peaks having half widths of 0.175 to 0.6°, the peaks observed through powder X-ray diffractometry within a 2? range of 5 to 50°.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 30, 2012Publication date: February 28, 2013Applicants: THE FURUKAWA BATTERY CO., LTD, FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO., LTD.Inventors: Michio OHKUBO, Michihiro SHIMADA, Naoki UNO, Yosuke HIRAYAMA, Toshio TANI, Hidetoshi ABE, Miyu AITA
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Patent number: 8287833Abstract: A method is provided for treating silica sand scrubs (SSS) generated and accumulated as waste in the chloride manufacturing process of titanium dioxide pigment. A hydrothermal process is used to produce sodium silicate solutions of modulus 3.0 to 3.8, and precipitated silicas. In some embodiments, the process uses two specific principal reaction stages. A sodium silicate solution having a low SiO2:Na2O molar ratio, in the range from 2.0 to 2.8, is first produced by reaction of the SSS, as a cost-effective SiO2 source, with aqueous caustic soda. The conversion of this intermediate sodium silicate solution of low modulus to a high SiO2:Na2O molar ratio is made possible by using a SiO2 source that is prepared as precipitated amorphous silica from the intermediate sodium silicate solution produced above.Type: GrantFiled: September 21, 2011Date of Patent: October 16, 2012Assignee: The National Titanium Dioxide Co. Ltd. (CRISTAL)Inventors: Fadi Mohammed Saeed Trabzuni, Hassan Moenes El Dekki, Chathangat Cheroolil Gopalkrishnan
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Patent number: 8057770Abstract: A method is provided for treating silica sand scrubs (SSS) generated and accumulated as waste in the chloride manufacturing process of titanium dioxide pigment. A hydrothermal process is used to produce sodium silicate solutions of modulus 3.0 to 3.8, and precipitated silicas. In some embodiments, the process uses two specific principal reaction stages. A sodium silicate solution having a low SiO2:Na2O molar ratio, in the range from 2.0 to 2.8, is first produced by reaction of the SSS, as a cost-effective SiO2 source, with aqueous caustic soda. The conversion of this intermediate sodium silicate solution of low modulus to a high SiO2:Na2O molar ratio is made possible by using a SiO2 source that is prepared as precipitated amorphous silica from the intermediate sodium silicate solution produced above.Type: GrantFiled: October 28, 2009Date of Patent: November 15, 2011Assignee: The National Titanium Dioxide Co., Ltd. (CRISTAL)Inventors: Fadi Mohammed Saeed Trabzuni, Hassan Moenes El Dekki, Chathangat Cheroolil Gopalkrishnan
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Publication number: 20110268640Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 7, 2011Publication date: November 3, 2011Inventors: Emmanuelle GUILLON, Nicolas Bats, Antoine Fecant
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Patent number: 7691355Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 2007Date of Patent: April 6, 2010Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Emmanuelle Guillon, Nicolas Bats, Antoine Fecant
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Patent number: 7622097Abstract: A method is provided for treating silica sand scrubs (SSS) generated and accumulated as waste in the chloride manufacturing process of titanium dioxide pigment. A hydrothermal process is used to produce sodium silicate solutions of modulus 3.0 to 3.8, and precipitated silicas. In some embodiments, the process uses two specific principal reaction stages. A sodium silicate solution having a low SiO2:Na2O molar ratio, in the range from 2.0 to 2.8, is first produced by reaction of the SSS, as a cost-effective SiO2 source, with aqueous caustic soda. The conversion of this intermediate sodium silicate solution of low modulus to a high SiO2:Na2O molar ratio is made possible by using a SiO2 source that is prepared as precipitated amorphous silica from the intermediate sodium silicate solution produced above.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 2007Date of Patent: November 24, 2009Assignee: The National Titanium Bioxide Co., Ltd. (CRISTAL)Inventors: Fadi Mohammed Saeed Trabzuni, Hassan Moenes El Dekki, Chathangat Cheroolil Gopalkrishnan
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Patent number: 7538068Abstract: A carbon dioxide gas absorbent includes a porous body containing a lithium complex oxide. The porous body includes pores having a pore diameter distribution such that main pores which consist of first pores with a diameter of 10 to 100 ?m and second pores with a diameter larger than 100 ?m and 500 ?m or smaller occupy 80 to 100%, third pores with a diameter smaller than 10 ?m occupy 0 to 10% and fourth pores with a diameter larger than 500 ?m occupy 0 to 10%, the main pores have a pore diameter distribution such that the first pores occupy 15 to 85% and second pores occupy 15 to 85%.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 2006Date of Patent: May 26, 2009Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaInventors: Masahiro Kato, Toshihiro Imada, Kenji Essaki
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Publication number: 20090042709Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing compounds based on one or more silicates of alkali metals and/or of alkaline-earth metals, optionally in the form of mixed silicates that combine at least two of these elements, said process involving: (i) preferably a conversion reaction (1) in which halides of said alkali metals and/or of said rare earths and/or of said alkaline-earth metals are converted into the corresponding sulfates; (iii) a conversion reaction (2) in which said sulfates together with silica are converted into the corresponding silicates, the heat supply needed for this conversion being provided, at least in part, by a combustion reaction (3) using a submerged burner or a plurality of submerged burners.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 29, 2008Publication date: February 12, 2009Applicant: SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCEInventors: Pierre JEANVOINE, Arnaud LE VERGE
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Patent number: 7448231Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing compounds based on one or more silicates of alkali metals and/or of alkaline-earth metals, optionally in the form of mixed silicates that combine at least two of these elements, said process involving: (i) preferably a conversion reaction (1) in which halides of said alkali metals and/or of said rare earths and/or of said alkaline-earth metals are converted into the corresponding sulfates; (iii) a conversion reaction (2) in which said sulfates together with silica are converted into the corresponding silicates, the heat supply needed for this conversion being provided, at least in part, by a combustion reaction (3) using a submerged burner or a plurality of submerged burners.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 2002Date of Patent: November 11, 2008Assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass FranceInventors: Pierre Jeanvoine, Arnaud Le Verge
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Publication number: 20080159941Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 14, 2007Publication date: July 3, 2008Inventors: Emmanuelle Guillon, Nicolas Bats, Antoine Fecant
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Publication number: 20080152569Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of a crystallised lamellar solid formed by magadiite consisting of implementing in a step (i) mixing of at least one silica source, at least one salt of N,N,N?,N?-tetramethyl-N,N?-dibenzyloctanediammonium, at least one alkali and/or alkaline earth metal M and water and then implementing in a step (ii) hydrothermal treatment of said mixture until said crystallised lamellar solid constituted by magadiite is formed.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 14, 2007Publication date: June 26, 2008Inventors: Emmanuelle GUILLON, Nicolas BATS, Antoine FECANT
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Patent number: 7335342Abstract: In the present invention a process for the preparation of sodium silicate from Kimberlite tailing generated as solid waste during diamond mining is disclosed. The process comprises, reacting Kimberlite tailing with mineral acid to remove acid soluble impurities followed by digesting acid treated Kimberlite tailing with alkali solution in a open or closed system to obtain sodium silicate useful for commercial applications.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 2006Date of Patent: February 26, 2008Assignee: Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchInventors: Raksh Vir Jasra, Hari Chand Bajaj, Rajesh Shantilal Somani, Haresh Mahipatlal Mody, Jatin Rameshchandra Chunawala, Devendra Lalijibhai Ghelani, Hemal Narendrakumar Ranpara, Dipti Jivanbhai Barochiya, Suresh Chandra, Maharaj Kishan Dhar, C. Kesava Rao, Kamlesh Kumar
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Patent number: 7314605Abstract: New bridged layered silicates are disclosed where the bridging groups bridge adjacent silicate layers via oxygen atoms on each silicate layer that are unshared to produce porous three dimensional structures. Methods for making these bridged layered silicates are disclosed as well as methods for using these compositions as catalysts, supports, adsorbents, drying agents and ion exchangers.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 2002Date of Patent: January 1, 2008Assignee: The University of Houston SystemInventors: Xiqu Wang, Lumei Liu, Allan J. Jacobson
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Patent number: 6883349Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing compounds based on one or more silicates of alkali metals, such as Na and K and/or alkaline earth metals such as Ca, Mg, and/or on rare earths, such as Ce, optionally in the form of mixed silicates which combine alkaline-earth metals, such as Ca, with the alkali metal(s) and the rare earth(s), by conversion of silica and of halides, especially of one or more chlorides, or sulfate or nitrate, of the said alkali metals and/or of the said rare earths and/or of the said alkaline-earth metals, such as NaCl, KCl or CeCl4. The heat needed for the conversion is supplied, at least partly, by one or more submerged burners. The subject of the invention is also an apparatus for carrying out the process and for its use.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 2000Date of Patent: April 26, 2005Assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass FranceInventor: Pierre Jeanvoine
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Patent number: 6818579Abstract: A ceramic material, includes SiO2 and Na2O and/or K2O. The material is characterized by a porosity of over 60% and by pores, more than 70% of which have a pore size ranging between 0.1 and 15 &mgr;m. The ceramic material can be used as filtering material, for water storage and as adsorbent material.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 2002Date of Patent: November 16, 2004Assignee: Pfleiderer Infrastrukturtechnik GmbH & Co. KGInventor: Antonio Giangrasso
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Patent number: 6811602Abstract: A process for preparing a silicate porous product, which comprises a step of forming a clay mineral into a dispersion by means of a dispersant, a step of removing gases dissolved in the dispersion, a step of freezing the dispersion and drying it in its frozen state under reduced pressure, and a step of firing the dried product obtained by the drying.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 2002Date of Patent: November 2, 2004Assignee: Asahi Glass Company, LimitedInventors: Yoshihisa Beppu, Shinji Kondoh
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Publication number: 20030077547Abstract: The present invention relates to a material and a method for treating of photographic effluents in order to eliminate micro-organisms and pollutant by-products so as to control bacterial growth and thereby obtain effluents that comply with regulatory requirements. The method for preparing an oxidizing material according to the invention comprises the dispersion in colloidal form of a metal or metal compound in an aqueous solution of an inorganic aluminosilicate polymer, said aluminosilicate being able to form an inorganic gel, and said metal or metal compound being able to cause the oxidation of oxidizable products and (or) micro-organisms to be eliminated, followed by the addition of a base to cause said aluminosilicate to gel. The metal is preferably silver in a powder form that is able to form a colloid when it is dispersed. The oxidizing material of the invention is efficient especially for the treatment of photographic baths, in particular wash baths placed after the fixing step.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 31, 2002Publication date: April 24, 2003Applicant: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Danielle M. Wettling, Olivier J. Poncelet
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Patent number: 6413493Abstract: The invention describes a process for preparing P zeolites in which aluminate and silicate solutions are reacted in the presence of a P-zeolite seed.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 1994Date of Patent: July 2, 2002Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventor: Abraham Araya
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Patent number: 6407055Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline alkali metal phyllosilicate of the formula aMI2O.bEO2.cX2O5.dZO3.SiO2.eH2O, in which MI is an alkali metal, E is an element of the fourth main group, X is an element of the fifth main group and Z is an element of the sixth main group of the Periodic Table of the Elements and the following also applies: 0.25≦a≦6.25 2.5·10−4≦b≦5.63 0≦c≦2.81 0≦d≦5.63 0≦e≦15.3. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this crystalline alkali metal phyllosilicate and also to detergents and cleaners which comprise the crystalline alkali metal phyllosilicate according to the invention.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 2000Date of Patent: June 18, 2002Assignee: Clariant GmbHInventors: Harald Bauer, Josef Holz, Günther Schimmel
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Patent number: 6274111Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic magnesium silicate having a layered crystalline structure, to a process for its preparation and to its use.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1998Date of Patent: August 14, 2001Assignee: Clariant GmbHInventors: Harald Bauer, Günther Schimmel, Volker Thewes
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Patent number: 6168694Abstract: Metal nitride, carbonitride, and oxycarbonitride powder with high surface area (up to 150 m2/g) is prepared by using sol-gel process. The metal organic precursor, alkoxides or amides, is synthesized firstly. The metal organic precursor is modified by using unhydrolyzable organic ligands or templates. A wet gel is formed then by hydrolysis and condensation process. The solvent in the wet gel is then be removed supercritically to form porous amorphous hydroxide. This porous hydroxide materials is sintered to 725° C. under the ammonia flow and porous nitride powder is formed. The other way to obtain high surface area nitride, carbonitride, and oxycarbonitride powder is to pyrolyze polymerized templated metal amides aerogel in an inert atmosphere. The electrochemical capacitors are prepared by using sol-gel prepared nitride, carbonitride, and oxycarbonitride powder. Two methods are used to assemble the capacitors.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 1999Date of Patent: January 2, 2001Assignee: Chemat Technology, Inc.Inventors: Yuhong Huang, Oiang Wei, Chung-tse Chu, Haixing Zheng
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Patent number: 6143266Abstract: A method for producing a crystalline inorganic builder having the following composition in its anhydrous form: xM.sub.2 O.ySiO.sub.2.zMeO, wherein x, y and z are numerical values satisfying the following relationships: y/x is 1.0 to 4.0, z/y is not more than 1.0, M stands for Na and K, K/Na is 0.01 to 2.0, and Me stands for Ca and/or Mg, the method comprising the steps of (a) adding water, a Na-containing compound, a K-containing compound, and at least one member of Ca-containing compounds and Mg-containing compounds to silica sand, to give a mixture; (b) subjecting the resulting mixture to a hydrothermal treatment; and (c) baking the resulting treated mixture. Also, a method for producing a crystalline inorganic builder having the following composition in its anhydrous form: xM.sub.2 O.ySiO.sub.2, wherein x and y are numerical values satisfying the following relationships: y/x is 1.0 to 4.0, M stands for Na and K, K/Na is 0.01 to 2.Type: GrantFiled: August 26, 1998Date of Patent: November 7, 2000Assignee: Kao CorporationInventors: Mikio Sakaguchi, Ichiro Sakamoto, Kazuhiro Otsuka, Masaharu Jyono
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Patent number: 6114269Abstract: A chemically modified mica composite formed by heating a trioctahedral mica in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride having a concentration of at least 1 mole/liter at a temperature greater than 180 degrees Centigrade for at least 20 hours, thereby replacing exchangeable ions in the mica with sodium. Formation is accomplished at temperatures and pressures which are easily accessed by industrial equipment. The reagent employed is inexpensive and non-hazardous, and generates a precipitate which is readily separated from the modified mica.Type: GrantFiled: January 7, 2000Date of Patent: September 5, 2000Inventors: Stephen Frederic Yates, Irene DeFilippi, Romulus Gaita, Abraham Clearfield, Lyudmila Bortun, Anatoly Bortun
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Patent number: 6036733Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and high .delta. phase content from water glass, which has been prepared predominantly hydrothermally, by dehydration of the water glass and subsequent crystallization at elevated temperature, wherein the water glass is a mixture of water glass prepared hydrothermally and tank furnace water glass, and also to its use.Type: GrantFiled: February 23, 1998Date of Patent: March 14, 2000Inventors: Josef Holz, Gunther Schimmel, Alexander Tapper, Volker Thewes
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Patent number: 5833940Abstract: Disclosed is a commercial grade of soluble silicate solutions, clear homogenous and water white essentially free of unreacted silica, made by dissolving in a closed container biogenetic silica, preferably rice hull ash, in a strong alkali solution, preferably sodium hydroxide in the presence of an agent, such as an active carbonaceous material, which prevents discoloration of the soluble silicates by absorbing and/or reacting with polyvalent metals, organic materials, and the like, in the biogenetic silica as it dissolves in and reacts with the alkali solution. The invention takes advantage of the residue of such active carbonaceous material on the biogenetic silica, such as rice hulls, left by commercial energy burning thereof which effectively prevents discoloration. A solid residue results from the method which is an active carbonaceous material including concentrated manganese from the biogenetic silica, both of which are valuable commercial products.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1992Date of Patent: November 10, 1998Assignee: EnviroGuard, Inc.Inventors: Roy S. Reiber, William A. Mallow, Jesse R. Conner
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Patent number: 5807529Abstract: A process for producing silicate or silicate-containing builder granules having an apparent density of at least 600 g/l by compacting silicate materials having an apparent density of less than 500 g/l, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of 1.3 to 4, and a water content of up to 15% by weight, wherein the silicate materials are X-ray amorphous and are present in the form of a fine particle solid having a flake structure.Type: GrantFiled: January 2, 1997Date of Patent: September 15, 1998Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf AktienInventors: Hans-Friedrich Kruse, Beatrix Kottwitz, Volker Bauer, Berthold Schreck, Joerg Poethkow, Wolfgang Breuer
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Patent number: 5807951Abstract: The present invention provides silicate polymers which regulate the function of a living body by restoring and normalizing the lowered cell functions due to diseases. The silicate polymers are preferably water soluble. The molecular weight of the polymers is in the range of 4,800 to 2,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 1,000,000, and they have a degree of polymerization in the range of 75 to 33,000, preferably 490 to 16,500. The monomer unit is --(SiO.sub.2)--. The polymers may be produced by dissolving a water-soluble silicate or a silicic acid containing material such as water glass in water to obtain an aqueous solution. The solution may be admixed with an acid to adjust the pH to 2-10, preferably 4-9.5. A saccharide or sugar alcohol or pharmaceutically acceptable salt may also be admixed with the solution. The aqueous solution is preferably dried to obtain a powder by heating at 150.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. or by lyophilization.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1997Date of Patent: September 15, 1998Assignee: Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Jin-emon Konishi, Giichi Hamada
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Patent number: 5800801Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolite catalyst, a process for using the catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons, especially naphtha and LPG feedstock, and a process for preparing the catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 1996Date of Patent: September 1, 1998Assignee: Intevep, S.A.Inventors: Jorge Tejada, Juan Lujano, Yilda Romero
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Patent number: 5785940Abstract: The present invention pertains to a reactor for producing sodium or potassium silicate. The reaction vessel includes submerged burners. A trough extends downwards and away from the reaction vessel. The trough connects to an outlet in the reaction vessel where molten silicate produce is removed, molded, and allowed to cool. The reactor also includes first and second heat exchangers, both located in the exit path of the exhaust gases from the reactor. The exhaust gases pass through a first heat exchanger and exchange heat with incoming combustion gas. This preheated combustion gas is then used as the oxidizer to burn fuel gas through the burners. The hot exhaust gases are then passed through a second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger exchanges heat between the hot flue exhaust gases and feed sand. The hot exhaust gases can also be passed through a third heat exchanger to make hot water. The hot water is used to dissolve the silicate product.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1996Date of Patent: July 28, 1998Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: J. Randol Carroll, William E. Breitenbach, William C. Combs
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Patent number: 5776893Abstract: A crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous sodium and potassium silicate composite material with predetermined hardness ion sequestration properties is achieved by controlling the process for forming the material. The process for producing the crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous is sodium and potassium silicate composite comprises hydrolyzing DB-1 crystalline sodium and potassium silicate glasses as a precursor material to produce the composite material known as DB-2. Hydrolysis of the DB-1 precursor material is achieved by adding typically up to 100.0 milliequivalents per gram of H.sub.3 O.sup.+ ions or up to 50 milliequivalents per gram of OH.sup.- ions. The resulting DB-2 material can sequester CA.sup.2+ ions, Mg.sup.+ ions, or both, depending on the results desired, processing conditions, and starting materials used.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1995Date of Patent: July 7, 1998Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Eric Von Rehren Borgstedt, Raymond P. Denkewicz, Jr.
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Patent number: 5739098Abstract: A crystalline silicate material containing both sodium and potassium cations within the crystalline matrix. Wherein the material is SiO.sub.2 /(xNa.sub.2 O+yK.sub.2 O)=Z where x+y=1, 0.75<x<1.0 (and therefore 0.0<y<0.25), and 1.3.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.3.22. The material possesses predetermined superior hardness ion sequestration properties determined by the composition and processing of the material. The material can be made by any one of several processes which are also set forth.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1994Date of Patent: April 14, 1998Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Raymond P. Denkewicz, Jr., Eric von Rehren Borgstedt
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Patent number: 5693304Abstract: A particulate amorphous alkali metal silicate is prepared by heating a mixture of silicate glass and water or aqueous solution to a temperature of about 300.degree.-400.degree. C. to provide a foamed material that is easily formed into particles of less than 20 microns. After careful hydration, a product having 1-15% water based on loss of ignition (LOI) of product at 800.degree. C. is produced that controls the activity of magnesium in solutions and is, therefore, a useful detergent ingredient.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1995Date of Patent: December 2, 1997Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Eric von Rehren Borgstedt, Raymond P. Denkewicz, Jr.
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Patent number: 5643358Abstract: The present invention pertains to a crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous sodium and potassium silicate composite material with predetermined hardness ion sequestration properties achieved by controlling the process for forming the material. The process for producing the crystalline hydrated layered sodium and potassium silicate/amorphous sodium and potassium silicate composite comprises hydrolyzing DB-1 crystalline sodium and potassium silicate glasses as a precursor material to produce the composite material known as DB-2. Hydrolysis of the DB-1 precursor material is achieved by adding typically up to 100.0 milliequivalents per gram of H.sub.3 O.sup.+ ions or up to 50 milliequivalents per gram of OH.sup.- ions. The resulting DB-2 material can sequester CA.sup.2+ ions, Mg.sup.+ ions, or both, depending on the results desired, processing conditions, and starting materials used.Type: GrantFiled: November 3, 1994Date of Patent: July 1, 1997Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Eric von Rehren Borgstedt, Raymond P. Denkewicz, Jr.
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Patent number: 5629362Abstract: Photon-diffusive coating compositions contain a binder and a mineral containing at least about 65%, preferably at least about 75%, and most preferably at least about 85% to 90% silica, of which at least about 60%, preferably at least about 75% to 85% is in the crystal form of cristobalite, which has been reacted with sodium hydroxide. In typical embodiments, ground Klannerite.RTM. is reacted with sodium hydroxide in an aqueous slurry by the application of heat to just below the boiling point until the pH falls to below 12, and then a latex binder is added. Preferred binders comprise a mixture of polysaccharide resin and a latex binder; the polysaccharide resin is added, the mixture is neutralized somewhat, and then the latex binder is added. The viscosity of the final composition may be adjusted by adding water. Cured coatings exhibit good spectral reflectance and are useful in a variety of applications such as coating furnace interiors.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 1995Date of Patent: May 13, 1997Assignee: Heatshield Technologies Inc.Inventor: Paul R. Arena
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Patent number: 5614160Abstract: The present invention pertains to a crystalline hydrated layered sodium silicate/amorphous sodium silicate composite material with predetermined hardness ion sequestration properties achieved by control of the process for forming the material, and a process for making the material. The process for producing the crystalline hydrated layered sodium silicate/amorphous sodium silicate composite consists of producing a crystalline sodium disilicate by heating a sodium silicate at a specified time and temperature. The resulting material may include amorphous material, and the crystalline sodium disilicate can be either alpha-phase or delta-phase disilicate. This crystalline sodium disilicate is then hydrolyzed with up to 50.0 milliequivalents per gram of either H.sub.3 O.sup.+ ions or OH.sup.- ions. The resulting material can sequester Ca.sup.2+ ions, Mg.sup.2+ ions, or both, depending on the results desired, processing conditions, and starting materials used.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1994Date of Patent: March 25, 1997Assignee: PQ CorporationInventors: Petra M. Gill, Eric von Rehren Borgstedt, Raymond P. Denkewicz, Jr.
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Patent number: 5614161Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline sheet sodium silicate of the general formulaxNa.sub.2 O.multidot.ySiO.sub.2 .multidot.zP.sub.2 O.sub.5in whichthe ratio of x to y corresponds to a number from 0.35 to 0.6,the ratio of x to z corresponds to a number from 1.75 to 1200and the ratio of y to z corresponds to a number from 4 to 2800,a process for its preparation and its use.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 1996Date of Patent: March 25, 1997Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Jan Wilkens, Gunther Schimmel
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Patent number: 5503819Abstract: Novel fluoride containing substituted smectite clays are disclosed as well as their preparation and uses. The clay has the formulaA.sub.x (M.sub.y M'.sub.4--y)(Si.sub.8--x M.sub.t M'.sub.v)O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4--u F.sub.uwhere A is a cation, M and M' are metals having a +3 oxidation state, each selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron and chromium, x is the moles of A, y is the moles of M, t and v are the moles of M and M' in the tetrahedral layer and t+v=x and u is the moles of F. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1994Date of Patent: April 2, 1996Assignee: UOPInventor: Jennifer S. Holmgren
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Patent number: 5417951Abstract: The invention is a process for the hydrothermal production of crystalline sodium disilicate by heating an aqueous mixture of quartz sand and sodium hydroxide or an aqueous solution of sodium disilicate with a solids content of at least 50% by weight or more than 75% by weight at a temperature above 235.degree. C. and under autogenous pressure to form crystalline sodium disilicate.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1993Date of Patent: May 23, 1995Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventor: Guenther Just
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Patent number: 5393507Abstract: The characteristics of compacted sodium silicate, in particular the bulk density, are improved by heating the material at an elevated temperature in an agitated bed. Bulk density in the region of 1 kg/liter can be obtained.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1993Date of Patent: February 28, 1995Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventors: Joseph P. H. Theunissen, Theo Osinga
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Patent number: 5362466Abstract: The invention describes a process for preparing P zeolites in which aluminate and silicate solutions are reacted in the presence of a P-zeolite seed.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 1993Date of Patent: November 8, 1994Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventor: Abraham Araya
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Patent number: 5356607Abstract: This invention is a process for the hydrothermal preparation of sodium disilicate with a molar ratio of Na.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 of 1:2 at an elevated temperature and a pressure corresponding to said temperature in a pressure vessel, characterized in that quartz sand and caustic soda solution and/or an aqueous solution of amorphous sodium disilicate at a total solids concentration of from 50 to 75% by weight are heated to at least 235.degree. C. in a first step, the concentration may be increased in an optional second step by removing water from the reaction mixture, in a third step, dependent on whether the second step has been carried out, the amount of water removed in the second step is completely or partially added again to the mixture during or immediately after same has been cooled to from 90.degree. C. to 130.degree. C., and then the obtained crystalline sodium disilicate is recovered.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 1992Date of Patent: October 18, 1994Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventor: Guenther Just
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Patent number: 5340559Abstract: Alkali metal silicate solutions are formed into granules in a single stage. The heated solution is sprayed into a heated drum having a multiplicity of arms fixed to a rapid by rotating central shaft. A gas, preferably air, heated to 150.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. is also introduced with the silicate solution and a granulated product is obtained from the other end of the drum.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1992Date of Patent: August 23, 1994Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventors: Francois Delwel, Theo J. Osinga, Joseph P. Theunissen, Jack M. Vrancken
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Patent number: 5308596Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium disilicates having a laminar structure, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (1.9 to 2.1) 1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight, a water glass solution is first obtained by reacting sand with sodium hydroxide solution in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (2.0 to 2.3) : 1 at temperatures of 180.degree. to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This water glass solution having at least 20% by weight of solids is treated in a spray drier with hot air at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. with the formation of a pulverulent amorphous sodium disilicate having a water content (determined as loss on heating at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of at least 300 g/l. The spray-dried pulverulent, amorphous sodium disilicate is ground.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1992Date of Patent: May 3, 1994Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Michael Kotzian, Gunther Schimmel, Alexander Tapper, Knut Bauer
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Patent number: 5268156Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium silicates having a laminated structure, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (1.9 to 2.1) 1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight from a water glass solution which has a solids content of at least 20% by weight and is obtained by reaction of sand with sodium hydroxide solution in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O of (2.0 to 2.3) : 1, the water glass solution is treated with hot air of 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. in a spray drying zone to form a pulverulent, amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight. The pulverulent, amorphous, water-containing sodium silicate is first ground, preferably to particle sizes of 1 to 50 .mu.m, before it is introduced into an inclined rotary tubular oven and treated in this in countercurrent with flue gas at temperatures of more than 500.degree. to 850.degree. C. to form crystalline sodium silicate.Type: GrantFiled: February 21, 1992Date of Patent: December 7, 1993Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Gunther Schimmel, Michael Kotzian, Alexander Tapper, Gerd Wingefeld
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Patent number: 5262144Abstract: The present invention relates in general to highly siliceous zeolitic molecular sieve adsorbent compositions having reduced catalytic activity and to the process for preparing such compositions. The number of acid sites in the so-called silica molecular sieves is very low, but exhibit a disproportionately high acid activity. In a variety of adsorptive separation applications in which the hydrophobic character of these molecular sieves is important, undesirable catalytic conversion of one or more of the adsorbates is frequently encountered. This acid activity is effectively eliminated by incorporating a stoichiometric excess with respect to the aluminum content of the molecular sieve of an alkali metal compound into the molecular sieve followed by calcining the loaded silicalite at temperatures of at least 750.degree.C. The adsorbent is particularly useful in separations of materials which are subject to catalytically initiated reactions, e.g., olefins and alcohols.Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 1991Date of Patent: November 16, 1993Assignee: UOPInventor: Beth McCulloch