Abstract: A process for recovering hydrogen from a multi-component gas stream is provided. This process includes compressing said multi-component gas stream, thereby creating a compressed multi-component gas stream. This process includes heating the compressed multi-component gas stream, thereby creating a heated compressed multi-component gas stream. This process also includes introducing steam into the heated compressed multi-component gas stream, thereby creating a first feed stream. This process further includes introducing the first feed stream into a CO shift conversion process, thereby creating a first intermediate stream. This process also includes introducing the first intermediate stream into an amine wash process, thereby creating a second intermediate stream and a carbon dioxide stream. This process also includes introducing the second intermediate stream into a methanation process, thereby creating a third intermediate stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for a partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel in the form of disk having through-hole. In addition, according to the invention, there is provided a fuel reforming apparatus and method using the catalyst. The catalyst for a partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel according to the invention makes it possible to progress the partial oxidation reforming reaction of fuel smoothly, to improve the efficiency when reforming the fuel and to simplify the fuel reforming reactor. According to the fuel reforming apparatus and method, since the heat of reaction is efficiently controlled and used, a simple on-off operation, reduction of starting time and a stable operational condition are accomplished, which are indispensably required for a fuel reforming system in fuel cells, such as household, portable and car fuel cells.

Abstract: A method of growing a III group nitride single crystal by using a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process, the method including: preparing an r-plane (1-102) substrate; forming a nitride-based nucleation layer on the substrate; and growing a nonpolar a-plane nitride gallium single crystal on the nitride-based nucleation layer while altering increase and decrease of a ratio of V/III group to alternate a horizontal growth mode and a vertical growth mode.

Abstract: A group III-V nitride-based semiconductor substrate is formed of a group III-V nitride-based semiconductor single crystal containing an n-type impurity. The single crystal has a periodical change in concentration of the n-type impurity in a thickness direction of the substrate. The periodical change has a minimum value in concentration of the n-type impurity not less than 5×1017 cm?3 at an arbitrary point in plane of the substrate.

Abstract: A composite material having utility as a cathode material for a lithium ion battery includes a first component which is a metal phosphate and a second component which is a metal nitride, a metal oxynitride, or a mixture of the two. The second component is coated on, or dispersed through the bulk of, the first component. The metal phosphate may be a lithiated metal phosphate and may be based upon one or more transition metals. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the material as well as electrodes fabricated from the material and lithium ion cells which include such electrodes.

Abstract: A chemical reaction is performed with separation of the product(s) and reactant(s) by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), using an apparatus having a plurality of adsorbers cooperating with first and second valve assemblies in a PSA module. The PSA cycle is characterized by multiple intermediate pressure levels between higher and lower pressure of the PSA cycle. Gas flows enter or exit the PSA module at the intermediate pressure levels as well as the higher and lower pressure levels, entering from compressor stage(s) or exiting into exhauster or expander stages, under substantially steady conditions of flow and pressure. The PSA module comprises a rotor containing the adsorbers and rotating within a stator, with ported valve faces between the rotor and stator to control the timing of the flows entering or exiting the adsorbers in the rotor. The reaction may be performed within a portion of the rotor containing a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2. This process is carried out at a high temperature, generally of between 700 and 1000° C., at a high HSV and in the presence of a catalyst composed of a mixed oxide of zirconium and of cerium existing in the form of a solid solution.

Abstract: An electrode material for an anode of a rechargeable lithium battery, containing a particulate comprising an amorphous Sn.A.X alloy with a substantially non-stoichiometric ratio composition. For said formula Sn.A.X, A indicates at least one kind of an element selected from a group consisting of transition metal elements, X indicates at least one kind of an element selected from a group consisting of O, F, N, Mg, Ba, Sr, Ca, La, Ce, Si, Ge, C, P, B, Pb, Bi, Sb, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Zn, Be, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, As, Se, Te, Li and S, where the element X is not always necessary to be contained. The content of the constituent element Sn of the amorphous Sn.A.X alloy is Sn/(Sn+A+X)=20 to 80 atomic %.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for treating an effluent containing ammonia in which method and apparatus N2O concentration in the gas at the outlet of a catalyst tower does not rise to a high level even when the NH3 concentration in the effluent was reduced and the amount of hazardous substances formed is small; in the method and apparatus, an NH3-containing effluent A and a carrier gas (steam C and combustion gas F) are contacted in stripping tower 7 to transfer the NH3 from the NH3-containing effluent to a gas phase, the gas containing the generated NH3 is heated with pre-heater 19 and then contacted with catalyst layer 13 placed in catalyst tower 12 to decompose the NH3 into nitrogen and water; and at that time, the oxygen concentration in the gas to be introduced into catalyst tower 12 and the N2O concentration in the gas discharged from catalyst tower 12 are determined by measuring instruments 21 and 22, respectively, and the oxygen concentration in the gas to be introduced into catalyst tower 1

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating energy from a composition comprising urea and water are described. The method in one embodiment includes: (a) reacting the urea with water to form ammonia; and (b) oxidizing the ammonia formed in step (a) to form water and nitrogen generating energy.

Abstract: This invention provides novel stable metallic mesoporous transition metal oxide molecular sieves and methods for their production. The sieves have high electrical conductivity and may be used as solid electrolyte devices, e.g., in fuel cells, as sorbents, e.g. for hydrogen storage, and as catalysts. The invention also provides room temperature activation of dinitrogen, using the sieves as a catalyst, which permits ammonia production at room temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of monochloramine by reaction of an ammonium chloride solution with a sodium hypochlorite solution. The sodium hypochlorite solution is basified beforehand with an inorganic base and the ratio of the concentration of ammonium chloride in the reaction medium to the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the reaction medium is between 1 and 1.5. This ratio is preferably equal to 1.1.

Abstract: Processes and systems for generating hydrogen gas from resonant cavities are disclosed. A preferred version includes separating a resonant cavity into two compartments with a dielectric type diaphragm, injecting gases such as ammonia into one compartment and generating electromagnetic energy from an antenna, microwave generator or waveguide into the other compartment so that a plasma discharge is formed in the cavity, and hydrogen gas can be selectively released from an outport of the cavity.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the amount of oxygen in an oxygen-containing gas within a closed environment. A selected amount of hydrogen gas is mixed with a portion of the oxygen-containing gas from the closed environment to form a first gas mixture. A catalyst exposed to the first gas mixture causes a reaction between the hydrogen and at least a portion of the oxygen therein. The resulting second gas mixture, which is returned to the closed environment, has a lower percentage of oxygen. At least one oxygen sensor is positioned in the closed environment to determine when oxygen levels in the closed environment reach a threshold level. The output signal from the sensor is used to control when and/or how much hydrogen is mixed in the first gas mixture.

Abstract: Device nanotechnology based on silicon wafers and other substrates is described. Methods for preparing such devices are discussed. The teachings allow integration of current semiconductor device, sensor device and other device fabrication methods with nanotechnology. Integration of nanotubes and nanowires to wafers is discussed. Sensors, electronics, biomedical and other devices are presented.

Abstract: A process for preparing a salt-free aqueous hydroxylamine solution by distilling an aqueous solution of a hydroxylammonium salt and a base in a tray column having at least two mechanical trays, wherein random or structured packings are located above at least one tray of the tray column over the cross section of the column.

Abstract: This method for hydrogen production from ammonia is based on the catalytic dissociation of gaseous ammonia in a cracker. A catalytic fixed bed is used. The ammonia cracker supplies a fuel cell (for example, an alkaline fuel cell AFC) with a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. Most of the supplied hydrogen is burned in the ammonia cracker for the supply of the energy needed for the ammonia dissociation process.

Abstract: Bulk GaN and AlGaN single crystal boules, preferably fabricated using a modified HVPE process, are provided. The single crystal boules typically have a volume in excess of 4 cubic centimeters with a minimum dimension of approximately 1 centimeter. If desired, the bulk material can be doped during growth, for example to achieve n-, i-, or p-type conductivity.

Abstract: A non-chrome, copper-containing catalyst, Cu—Al—O and method of preparing the same are provided wherein the Cu—Al—O catalyst is prepared by the co-precipitation of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and sodium aluminate (Na2Al2O4) solutions using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a precipitant. The precipitate is filtered, washed to removed excess sodium, and dried. The dried product, to be used in a powder form, is calcined at a preferred temperature of approximately 700° to 900° C. for approximately 1 to 4 hours. The dry powder, to be tableted or extruded, is calcined at a temperature of approximately 400° to 700° C. The activity of the Cu—Al—O catalyst can be promoted in hydrogenolysis applications by the addition of various agents. The Cu—Al—O catalyst can be employed in applications in place of Cu/Cr, or other copper based catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective decomposition of hydrazine in a hydrazine/substituted hydrazine/water mixture. A catalyst chosen from the group consisting of nickel supported on silica/alumina, the nickel-nickel oxide mixture supported on silica/alumina and rhodium supported on carbon is introduced into this mixture and then the mixture is heated at a temperature of between 60° C. and 120° C.

Abstract: An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst includes combining a non-aqueous solution of a first metal salt, such as ZnBr2, with a non-aqueous solution of a second metal salt, such as CoBr2, and with a non-aqueous solution of an alkali metal cyanide, such as NaCN, in a single step to synthesize the DMC catalyst, Zn3[Co(CN)6]2.

Abstract: A photocatalyst which contains at least rhombic tantalum nitride or consists of rhombic tantalum nitride. A photocatalyst wherein said photocatalyst loads a promoter composed of transition metal, in particular, the photocatalyst wherein a transition metal is platinum, further the photocatalyst for decomposition of water comprising any of these photocatalysts.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing a non-oxide ceramic formed of a metal constituent and a non-metal constituent. A salt of the metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent are introduced into a liquid alkali metal or a liquid alkaline earth metal or mixtures to react the constituents substantially submerged in the liquid metal to form ceramic particles. The liquid metal is present in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the constituents into ceramic particles to absorb the heat of reaction to maintain the temperature of the ceramic particles below the sintering temperature. Ceramic particles made by the method are part of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic decomposition of N2O to N2 and O2. This process is carried out at a high temperature, generally of between 700 and 1 000° C., at a high HSV and in the presence of a catalyst composed of a mixed oxide of zirconium and of cerium existing in the form of a solid solution.

Abstract: Metal oxyanion coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic porous substrate having a coating of metal oxyanion on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of metal oxysulfide, oxycarbide and oxynitride coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as diatomite porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heat dissipation and shielding applications.

Abstract: A lithium-containing composite nitride with an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal added thereto is used as the negative electrode active material, or used as surface layers of core particles of a lithium-containing composite nitride, to provide a negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with large capacity and high reliability improved in oxidation and decomposition resistance property and thus capacity recovery property after overdischarge.

Abstract: This invention provides a fuel cell catalyst material containing catalyst particles having a composition substantially represented by

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of monochloramine by reaction of an ammonium chloride solution with a sodium hypochlorite solution. The sodium hypochlorite solution is basified beforehand with an inorganic base and the ratio of the concentration of ammonium chloride in the reaction medium to the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the reaction medium is between 1 and 1.5. This ratio is preferably equal to 1.1.

Abstract: Nanostructured non-stoichiometric materials and methods of reducing manufacturing and raw material costs through the use of nanostructured materials are provided. Specifically, use of non-stoichiometric materials of oxide, nitride, carbide, chalcogenides, borides, alloys and other compositions are taught.

Abstract: A pigment, especially a yellow to red emitting luminescent material, with a host lattice of the nitridosilicate type MxSiyNz:Eu, wherein M is at least one of an alkaline earth metal chosen from the group Ca, Sr, Ba and wherein z=⅔x+{fraction (4/3)}y.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating energy from a composition comprising urea and water are described. The method in one embodiment includes: (a) reacting the urea with water to form ammonia; and (b) oxidizing the ammonia formed in step (a) to form water and nitrogen generating energy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for removing nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas using natural manganese ores. In the method, ammonia is used as a reductant to selectively reduce the nitrogen oxides in the presence of a catalyst prepared from the natural manganese ores. The catalyst allows nitrogen oxides to be completely removed from exhaust gas at a relatively low temperature of 130-250° C. without discharging unreacted ammonia through oxidation reaction. The catalyst is superior in economic terms in addition to preventing the deleterious effects which occur when discharging ammonia.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for decomposing NH3. A fluid containing NH3 is passed in contact with a tubular membrane that is a homogeneous mixture of a ceramic and a first metal, with the ceramic being selected from one or more of a cerate having the formula of M′Ce1-x M″3-&dgr;, zirconates having the formula M′Zr1-xM″O3-&dgr;, stannates having the formula M′Sn1-xM′O3-&dgr;, where M′ is a group IIA metal, M″ is a dopant metal of one or more of Ca, Y, Yb, In, Nd, Gd or mixtures thereof and &dgr; is a variable depending on the concentration of dopant and is in the range of from 0.001 to 0.5, the first metal is a group VIII or group IB element selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ag, Pd, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Au, Cu, Rh, Ru and mixtures thereof. The tubular membrane has a catalytic metal on the side thereof in contact with the fluid containing NH3 which is effective to cause NH3 to decompose to N2 and H2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of preparing of a gas composition suitable for the injection in an oil-containing field to increase the degree of recovery and simultaneously reduce the discharge of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, injection of a gas composition containing large amounts of oxygen will result in a degraded submarine formation which is not desirable. The present invention relates to a process for the production of a gas composition comprising N2, CO2, minor parts of NOx, VOC (volatile organic compounds) and about 0-2.0 mole % O2 from an oxygen containing exhaust gas, wherein a stream of an exhaust gas from the combustion of air and natural gas in a gas turbine containing 18% by weight O2 or less, is combusted with natural gas, whereupon the desired gas composition is discharged as a flue gas. Further, a process of recovering oil from submarine formations is also described, where said gas composition is compressed and injected into a submarine formation.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a nitrogen gas, useful in the petroleum industry, by combusting fuel with air in a “once through”-type boiler and injecting a supplemental fuel, such as natural gas, into the exhaust gas at a location just before a combustion catalyst that promotes the reaction between this supplemental fuel and the residual oxygen present in the exhaust gas. This oxygen-diminished, exhaust gas is then passed through a heat exchanger, where it transfers its heat to the air entering the boiler.

Abstract: The invention provides a rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising the specific lithium composite exhibiting good charge-discharge cycle performance and mechanical properties. The lithium-material comprises an intermetallic lithium/transition metal pnictide phase, wherein the transition metal present in said lithium/transition metal pnictide phase is a metal of one of the columns IVa and Va of the periodic table of the elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxides on suitable substrates, as converted from nitride precursors. A composition comprising a solid solution of zirconium nitride and yttrium nitride (YZN) represented by the formula (ZrxY1−x)N where x is a value from 0.1 to 0.9 is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of filling a sealed elastomer chamber (2, 6, 8) with gas is provided, wherein the chamber is filled with the gas chemically produced by thermal decomposition of a gas producing material (12, 14, 16) inside of the chamber itself using a usual means of a high frequency electromagnetic heating. This method is easier than a conventional gas filling method by charging a compressed gas from outside of the chamber to obtain a desired internal pressure in the chamber, and makes it possible to fill more than two sealed elastomer chambers individually with gas at one time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of decomposing an ammonia gas, including the step of decomposing an ammonia gas, into a nitrogen gas with use of a composite material as a catalyst. The composite material has a carrier made mainly of carbon and at least one kind of an active element which is supported by the carrier and selected from alkaline earth metals and transition metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gas separation membranes including a metal-based layer having sub-micron scale thicknesses. The metal-based layer can be a palladium alloy supported by ceramic layers such as a silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer. By using MEMS, a series of perforations (holes) can be patterned to allow chemical components to access both sides of the metal-based layer. Heaters and temperature sensing devices can also be patterned on the membrane. The present invention also relates to a portable power generation system at a chemical microreactor comprising the gas separation membrane. The invention is also directed to a method for fabricating a gas separation membrane. Due to the ability to make chemical microreactors of very small sizes, a series of reactors can be used in combination on a silicon surface to produce an integrated gas membrane device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the decontamination of fluid ammonia are described. Liquid or gaseous ammonia is purified of contaminants by passage through an adsorbent bed, the contaminants accumulating in the bed. A portion of the purified ammonia discharged from the bed is decomposed to hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen is used to regenerate an adsorbent bed which has accumulated sufficient contaminants to reduce its ability to further decontaminate incoming ammonia satisfactorily. Preferably there are a plurality of interconnected adsorbent beds, with some being operated for ammonia decontamination while others are being regenerated, with their operations being reversed as needed to maintain a continual production of decontaminated ammonia from the plurality of beds. Computers or other controllers can be used to control such bed operations and interchanges. Internal production of hydrogen makes the system self-contained and no addition of hydrogen is needed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for making dilithium initiators in high purity. This process can be conducted in the absence of amines which is desirable since amines can act as modifiers for anionic polymerizations. The dilithium compounds made are highly desirable because they are soluble in aromatic solvents. The present invention more specifically discloses a process for synthesizing a dilithium initiator which comprises reacting disopropenylbenzene with a tertiary alkyl lithium compound in an aromatic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of about 0° C. to about 100° C. The present invention further discloses a process for synthesizing m-di-(1-methyl-3,3-dimethylbutyllithio)benzene which comprises reacting diisopropenylbenzene with tertiary-butyllithium in an aromatic solvent at a temperature which is within the range of about 0° C. to about 100° C.

Abstract: Alkaline earth metal alkylene diamides of Ba, Sr, Ca and a method for their production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing manganese-based nitride having nearly zero temperature coefficient of resistivity and more particularly, to the effective method for preparing manganese-based nitride expressed by the formula (1), wherein the manganese-based nitride, prepared by heating the stoichiometric mixture of Mn2N and Cu in an evacuated quartz tube, provides some advantages in that i) the use of the Mn2N compound as a reactant, the formation of impurities and nitrogen evaporation may be prevented, and ii) through nitrogen is tightly bonded between metals, the manganese-based nitride has extremely low (46 ppm/K) temperature coefficient of resistivity.

Abstract: A lithium-containing composite nitride with an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal added thereto is used as the negative electrode active material, or used as surface layers of core particles of a lithium-containing composite nitride, to provide a negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with large capacity and high reliability improved in oxidation and decomposition resistance property and thus capacity recovery property after overdischarge.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clathrate compound which can be used as a thermoelectric material, a hard material, or a semiconductor material. Silicon or carbon are formed into a clathrate lattice, and a clathrate compound is then formed in which specified doping atoms are encapsulated within the clathrate lattice, and a portion of the atoms of the clathrate lattice are substituted with specified substitution atoms. The clathrate lattice is, for example, a silicon clathrate 34 (Si34) mixed lattice of a Si20 cluster including a dodecahedron of Si atoms, and a Si28 cluster including a hexahedron of Si atoms. Suitable doping atoms are atoms from group 1A, group 2A, group 3A, group 1B, group 2B, group 3B, group 4A, group 5A, group 6A, and group 8, and suitable substitution atoms are atoms from group 1A, group 2A, group 3A, group 1B, group 2B, group 3B, group 5A, group 6A, group 7A, group 5B, group 6B, group 7B, and group 8 of the periodic table.

Abstract: A method for producing zinc diammine chloride (ZDC) from a solution of zinc ammine sulfate and zinc ammine chloride by precipitating the ZDC by pH neutralization using hydrochloric acid. ZDC can be granulated for dry applications using melt granulation at about 340-360° F. Applications for ZDC include use in fertilizer formulation to provide a combination zinc/nitrogen source free of other metals and use as a galvanizing preflux adjuster. As a galvanizing preflux adjuster, ZDC addition is able to adjust the pH of the preflux while maintaining the desired zinc/ammonia ratio.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for removing NOx which is free of impairment in denitration efficiency at a reaction temperature of up to 300° C. even when the component molar ratio of NOx in the gas to be treated is NO2>NO. For use in removing NOx from the gas to be treated and containing NO2 in a larger amount than NO, that is, having a (NO2)/NOx ratio in excess of 0.5, by selective reduction with use of ammonia serving as a main reducing agent in the presence of a denitration catalyst, the process of the invention for removing NOx comprises adding to the denitration reaction system a substance for removing an excess of oxygen accumulating on catalyst active sites by selectively reducing the oxygen at not higher than 300° C., for example, at 300 to 150° C., in other words, a substance which reacts with the excess of oxygen on the catalyst active sites and becomes oxidized at not higher than 300° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing metal nitride thin film by chemical deposition employing amine-adduct single-source precursor at low temperatures. In accordance with the present invention, the chemical deposition is performed at low temperatures with a relatively cheap silicon substrate instead of expensive sapphire, which makes possible the economical preparation of the nitride thin film. Furthermore, since the invented process can eliminate the problems confronted in the post electrode deposition caused by insulating substrate, it can be practically applied to the development of new materials and the preparation of multi-layer thin film.

Abstract: An ammonia decomposition catalyst wherein a first catalyst having a crystalline silicate which is represented by the formula in terms of molar ratio of oxides as dehydrated: (1±0.8)R2O.[aM2O3.bM?O.cAl2O3].ySiO2, wherein R denotes an alkaline metal ion and/or hydrogen ion, M denotes a VIII Group element, rare earth element, titanium, vanadium, chromium, niobium, antimony or gallium, M? denotes magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, a?0, 20>b?0, a+c=1, 3000>y>11 or a specific porous material as a carrier and iridium or a noble metal as an active metal is present together with or covered with a second catalyst having at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum, if necessary, as well as a method of using the same.