Abstract: The present application pertains in some embodiments to a thermal storage system. The system may include, for example, a warm thermal storage region; a cold thermal storage region; and a physical divider. The warm thermal storage region may include at least two liquid phases. The cold thermal storage region may include at least one liquid phase. The physical divider substantially separates the warm thermal storage region from the cold thermal storage region.

Abstract: The present application pertains to processes and systems for enhanced heat transfer. In some embodiments a process is described for removing a portion of a chemical from a heat transfer loop comprising a heat transfer fluid. The process may comprise adding a solvent to the heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer loop; removing at least a portion of the heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer loop; separating said removed heat transfer fluid into a permeate and a retentate using a membrane; and adding at least a portion of the permeate to the heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer loop.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a preset management method of a gas pipeline network for a smart gas, which is performed by a smart gas management platform. The smart gas management platform comprises a smart user service management sub-platform, a smart operation management sub-platform and a smart gas data center. The method comprises: obtaining, by the smart gas data center, a region feature of each region within a target range through a smart gas sensing network platform; determining, by the smart operation management sub-platform, a gas demand degree of the each region based on the region feature of the each region; determining, by the smart operation management sub-platform, a region as a first-class region based on the gas demand degree in the region meeting a preset condition, and determining a gas pipeline network opening scheme for the region.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus, system, and method, by which a plentiful supply of carbon dioxide may be provided to a fuel-conversion process operated in the deep sea far from shore thereby permitting a conversion of electrolysis-generated hydrogen gas into a carbonaceous liquid fuel. Because the cost and complexity of storing and transporting liquid fuels by ship is substantially simpler and less costly than is transporting gases, the present invention is expected to promote the extraction and distribution of energy harvested from the deep sea by permitting it to be accomplished with reasonable logistical complexity and at a reasonable and low cost.

Abstract: Certain implementations of amine sweetening of flash gas are described. Flash gas including acid gas is flowed from a flash drum through a column section connected to the flash drum. A lean amine stream is flowed through the column section. The lean amine stream is configured to treat the acid gas flowed from the flash drum through the column section. A quantity of the lean amine stream flowed through the column section is controlled based, in part, on a rate at which the flash gas including the acid gas is flowed from the flash drum through the column section and a concentration of the acid gas in the flash gas.

Abstract: An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then used to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when (1) sufficient low/zero-carbon electricity is available, (2) it is safe to operate the base-generating device, and (3) supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life.

Abstract: A process for absorbing carbon dioxide from a gas stream containing carbon dioxide, including the steps of contacting the gas stream with an aqueous composition including a substituted heteroaromatic compound having a six-membered heteroaromatic ring with from 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms in the heteroaromatic ring and at least one substituent wherein at least one of the substituents is of formula —R1NH2 wherein R1 is selected from C1 to C6 alkylene and ethers of formula —R2—O—R3— wherein R2 and R3 are C1 to C3 alkylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the combined production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture, in which the residual gas of a PSA H2 (12) is separated by permeation in order to reduce the hydrocarbon content thereof and the hydrocarbon-purified gas is separated at a low temperature to produce a carbon dioxide-rich liquid (22).

Abstract: A direct air capture (DAC) system for removal of carbon dioxide from ambient air has a reaction chamber having an air intake opening and an air exhaust opening, an air movement mechanism positioned to move air from outside through the reaction chamber, utilizing the air intake and the air exhaust openings, and a mechanism introducing sodium hydroxide into the reaction chamber. Carbon dioxide in the air moved through the reaction chamber interacts chemically with the sodium hydroxide, producing sodium carbonate and water.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a system and methods for the separation and removal of carbon dioxide from seawater. The system includes an extraction system that collects carbon dioxide from the seawater through a medium, and removes carbon dioxide from the medium; the extraction system comprising a reactor and a membrane. Alternatively, the extraction system includes a reactor, a membrane and a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation (1) and a method allowing the near total recovery and space-saving storage of carbon in the form of liquid carbon dioxide (19), from a substance (9) of the group consisting of hydrocarbons/ethers/alcohols, without the use of gas compression. To achieve this, a superheated gas (12) at a pressure of over 5.18 bar is generated from the substance (9) of the group consisting of hydrocarbons/ethers/alcohols and water (10), and this gas is delivered, by means of steam reforming and hydrogen liberation, into a retentate mass flow (15) containing carbon dioxide. Liquid carbon dioxide (19) is obtained therefrom by means of condensation, and is stored in a storage tank (7) while the liberated hydrogen is oxidised to provide mechanical and/or electrical as well as thermal energy. The use of membranes with low hydrogen/carbon dioxide permeation selectivity is permitted by forming a permeate mass flow circuit that is closed in respect of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically reducing CO2 comprises introducing a first feed stream comprising H2O to a positive electrode of an electrolysis cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton conducting membrane. A second feed stream comprising a solvent and a non polar form of a switchable polarity material is directed into a CO2 capture apparatus. A third feed stream comprising CO2 is directed into the CO2 capture apparatus to interact with the second feed stream and form a first product stream comprising the solvent and a polar form of the switchable polarity material. The first product stream is introduced to the negative electrode. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to convert the polar form of the switchable polarity material into CO2 and the non-polar form and to form products from the CO2 and the solvent. A CO2 treatment system is also described.

Abstract: A method for capturing CO2 comprising dissolving at least one pure amino acid (AA) in water without the use of a catalyst for establishing protonation of an amino group of the amino acid, adding at least one base solution to the amino acid and water solution to deprotonate the protonated amino group of the amino acid and forming an amino acid-XOH—H2O wherein X is sodium or potassium, and subjecting CO2 to the amino acid-XOH—H2O to form new nanomaterials is provided. A regenerable nanofiber is disclosed comprising a NaHCO3 nanofiber, a KHCO3 nanofiber, or an amino acid nanofiber made from subjecting a CO2 gas to an amino acid aqueous solvent. Preferably, the amino acid aqueous solvent is one or more of a Gly-NaOH—H2O, an Ala-NaOH—H2O, a Phe-NaOH—H2O, a Gly-KOH—H2O, an Ala-KOH—H2O, and a Phe-KOH—H2O.

Abstract: A process for recovering sulfur from a tail gas stream comprising the steps of providing a tail gas stream to a chemical looping combustion (CLC) unit, the tail gas stream comprising a sulfide component, providing an oxygen carrier to the CLC unit, the oxygen carrier comprising a calcium carbonate, providing an air stream to the CLC unit, the air stream comprising oxygen, and reacting the sulfide component in the CLC unit with the calcium compound and the air to produce a product effluent, the product effluent comprising calcium sulfate.

Abstract: Non-oxidative direct methane conversion (NDMC) to value-added products, such as H2, C2 hydrocarbons, and aromatics, occurs within a reactor heated to an elevated temperature. The reactor can have a first volume, where a feed gas including methane is provided, separated from a second volume, where a sweep gas is provided, by a dense thin film membrane supported on a porous wall. The thin film membrane is a mixed ionic-electronic permeable membrane that allows H2 generated in the first volume to be transported to the second volume for removal by (or reaction with) the sweep gas. A catalyst can be provided in or adjacent to the first volume. For example, the catalyst can be a metal doped quartz material (e.g., Fe(c)SiO2) or a metal/zeolite material (e.g., Mo/ZSM5). Methane conversion and/or product selectivity in the reactor can be manipulated by control of gas flow rates, reaction temperatures, and/or feed and sweep gas compositions.

Abstract: A process for purifying a by-product stream comprising primarily CO2 that emanates from a an ethylene glycol plant, where the by-product stream may contain organic chlorides and water. The process employs an adsorbent to remove one or more organic chlorides from the by-product stream to produce pure or substantially pure CO2. To improve the efficiency of the organic chloride adsorbent, prior to the organic chloride adsorption process, a moisture adsorbent may be employed to remove at least some of the water from the by-product stream.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyaluminum chlorosulfate (PACS) includes adding an aluminum hydroxychloride (AHC) solution having about 38-43% basicity with (1) aqueous aluminum sulfate to form a solution and mixing a solid AHC with the solution to form an aqueous milky suspension or (2) a solid AHC and solid aluminum sulfate and adding water to the solid mixture to form an aqueous milky suspension, and maintaining the milky suspension for a period sufficient to allow the milky suspension to form a clear to slightly turbid solution including the PACS, the PACS having a basicity of 55 to 75%, the average molecular weight of the PACS is greater than or equal to 95 and less than or equal to 111, and salts present in the PACS comprise 0-1.0% sodium chloride by weight and 0-1.0% sodium sulfate by weight.

Abstract: A CO2 recovery device includes: a CO2 absorption tower in which CO2 included in an exhaust gas is absorbed by a CO2 absorption liquid; and a CO2 absorption liquid regeneration tower that heats and regenerates the CO2 absorption liquid that has absorbed CO2. The CO2 absorption liquid regeneration tower includes: a main body part in which the CO2 absorption liquid is temporarily stored; a boot part provided downward from a tank end of the main body part, having a relatively smaller capacity than the main body part; a flowmeter provided to the boot part, and measuring the liquid surface level of the CO2 absorption liquid that changes between the main body part and the boot part; and a control device controlling the liquid surface level of the CO2 absorption liquid between the main body part and the boot part on the basis of the measurement result of the flowmeter.

Abstract: A CO2 recovery device includes: a CO2 absorption tower in which CO2 included in an exhaust gas is absorbed by a CO2 absorption liquid; and a CO2 absorption liquid regeneration tower that heats and regenerates the CO2 absorption liquid that has absorbed CO2. The CO2 absorption liquid regeneration tower includes: a main body part in which the CO2 absorption liquid is temporarily stored; a boot part provided downward from a tank end of the main body part, having a relatively smaller capacity than the main body part; a flowmeter provided to the boot part, and measuring the liquid surface level of the CO2 absorption liquid that changes between the main body part and the boot part; and a control device controlling the liquid surface level of the CO2 absorption liquid between the main body part and the boot part on the basis of the measurement result of the flowmeter.

Abstract: Herein, we describe polymerized ionic liquids, demonstrate the synthesis of polymerized ionic liquids, and demonstrate the polymerization of triazolium monomers. One embodiment shows the polymeriazation of the triazolium monomers with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions. In another embodiment we show the feasibility of copolymerizing with commodity monomers such as styrene using free radical polymerization techniques.

Abstract: Provided are a reclaimer that introduces a part of an absorbent that has absorbed CO2 or H2S in a flue gas through an introduction line and stores the absorbent, a heating section that heats the absorbent stored in the reclaimer to obtain recovered vapor, and a mixing tank disposed on the introduction line through which the absorbent is introduced into the reclaimer, and which introduces an absorbent (lean solution) and an alkaline agent for mixing thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyaluminum chlorosulfate (PACS) includes providing solid aluminum hydroxychloride, providing aluminum sulfate, mixing the solid aluminum hydroxychloride with the aluminum sulfate, in the presence of water, to form an aqueous milky suspension, wherein, on a dry weight basis, the ratio of the aluminum hydroxychloride to the aluminum sulfate is 0.75-20 parts aluminum hydroxychloride to 1 part aluminum sulfate, and maintaining the milky suspension for a period sufficient to allow the milky suspension to form a clear to slightly turbid solution including the PACS, the PACS having a basicity of 55 to 75%, the average molecular weight of the PACS is greater than or equal to 95 and less than or equal to 111, and salts present in the PACS comprise 0-1.0% sodium chloride by weight and 0-1.0% sodium sulfate by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream originating from a fermentation process by compression, absorption, condensation and distillation, wherein at least the absorption and condensation is performed under a high pressure of at least 30 bar.

Abstract: A Plasma Arc Reformer for creating a useful fuel, such as Methanol, using any of Methane, Municipal Solid Waste, farm or forest waste, coal orchar rock from oil shale production, petrochemical hydrocarbons, (any carbon containing charge), water, and/or Municipal Sewage, as the source material. A High temperature Plasma Arc de-polymerizes the source material into atoms which, upon partial cooling, creates a gas stream rich in CO and H2 (syngas). Subsequent molecular filter and catalyst stages in the system remove contaminants and produce the output fuel. The system is closed loop with regard to the syngas production in that it recycles the residual unconverted gas and even the exhaust gases if desired. The large amount of heat produced is captured and converted to electric power using a supercritical CO2 Rankin cycle resulting in potentially high efficiencies.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide gas stream is purified of contaminants by feeding it through a non-thermal plasma reactor. The contaminants are hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds which will be decomposed. The non-thermal plasma reactor may be part of an overall carbon dioxide purification process that uses a pre-purification step prior to further purification.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing direct reduced iron (DRI), comprising: generating a syngas stream in a carbon dioxide (CO2) and steam reformer; and providing the syngas stream to a direct reduction (DR) shaft furnace as a reducing gas stream. The methods and systems also comprise combining the syngas stream with a recycled off-gas stream from the DR shaft furnace to form the reducing gas stream. The methods and systems further comprise removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the recycled off-gas stream from the DR shaft furnace prior to combining it with the syngas stream to form the reducing gas stream. The methods and systems still further comprise feeding CO2 removed from the recycled off-gas stream from the DR shaft furnace to the CO2 and steam reformer. The methods and systems still further comprise feeding recycled off-gas from the recycled off-gas stream from the DR shaft furnace to the CO2 and steam reformer.

Abstract: A process for removing acid gases from a hydrocarbonaceous fluid stream or an oxygen-comprising fluid stream in which the fluid stream is contacted with an aqueous solution which is essentially free from inorganic basic salts and comprises (i) at least one amine and (ii) at least one metal salt of an aminocarboxylic acid and/or an aminosulfonic acid. Conjoint use of the aminocarboxylic and/or aminosulfonic salt reduces the coabsorption of hydrocarbons or oxygen without significantly impairing the absorption rate at which acid gases are absorbed, without significantly reducing the absorption capacity of the solution for acid gases, and without significantly increasing the energy demand required for regeneration.

Abstract: Pyrolysis methods and apparatuses that allow effective heat removal, for example when necessary to achieve a desired throughput or process a desired type of biomass, are disclosed. According to representative methods, the use of a quench medium (e.g., water), either as a primary or a secondary type of heat removal, allows greater control of process temperatures, particularly in the reheater where char, as a solid byproduct of pyrolysis, is combusted. Quench medium may be distributed to one or more locations within the reheater vessel, such as above and/or within a dense phase bed of fluidized particles of a solid heat carrier (e.g., sand) to better control heat removal.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: Described are methods for preparing liquid fuel and chemical intermediates from biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons in a single reactor. The method includes reacting a water soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature, pressure, and weight hour space velocity for a time sufficient to produce a self-separating, three-phase product stream comprising a vapor phase, an organic phase, and an aqueous phase. A portion of the organic phase can be reacted to produce alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and aromatics.

Abstract: Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasonline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for catalytic deconstruction of biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating an exhaust gas containing CO2, that can adjust the concentration of an oxidation inhibitor in an absorbent to the concentration enough to inhibit oxidation, without measuring the concentration of the oxidation inhibitor in an alkanolamine contained in a CO2 absorbent. Disclosed are a method and a device for adjusting the compositional ratio of an absorbent, in which absorption and release of carbon dioxide are performed by adding an oxidation inhibitor to an alkanolamine absorbent when the sum of the concentrations of ammonia and an alkylamine in an absorber column outlet gas of a CO2 absorption equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a gas stream comprising combustion fumes containing CO2 in an initial proportion, water vapor, one or more volatile acid compounds, and one or more additional impurities selected from among oxygen, nitrogen and argon, comprising the steps of: i) compressing the gas stream to a final pressure of 1 bar to 74 bar absolute; ii) cooling the gas stream to a temperature of around ?10° C. to around ?130° C. and eliminating at least one additional impurity; and iii) recovering a CO2-enriched gas stream containing a final proportion of CO2 greater than the initial proportion of CO2 in the stream to be treated. In addition, the method comprises, prior to step i), a step of pre-drying the stream for removing therefrom at least a portion of the water vapor which it contains.

Abstract: This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

Abstract: The present invention describes the process of preparing ceramics for the absorption of ACIDIC gases, which worsen the greenhouse effect, that are released in combustion systems, or that are present in closed environments. In relation to carbon dioxide, principal target of the present invention, the process of absorption, transport, processing and transformation of the gas into other products is described. The process uses ceramic materials prepared through the solid mixture of one or more metallic oxides, with one or more binding agents and an expanding agent. The product generated can be processed and the absorbent system regenerated. The carbon dioxide obtained in the processing can be used as analytic or commercial carbonic gas, various carbamates and ammonium carbonate.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and/or devices for synthesis gas recapture are provided, which may include methods, systems, and/or devices for filtering a synthesis gas stream. In some cases, tars, particulates, water, and/or heat may be removed from the synthesis gas stream through the filtering of the synthesis gas stream. The filtered synthesis gas stream may then be captured and/or utilized in a variety of different ways. Some embodiments utilizing a C—O—H compound to filter a synthesis gas stream. In some embodiments, the C—O—H compound utilized to filter the synthesis gas stream may be utilized to produce additional synthesis gas. The additional synthesis gas may be filtered by additional C—O—H compound.

Abstract: A process for removing impurities, in particular oxides of sulphur (SOx) and/or oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from oxygen-containing gas streams by scrubbing with at least one washing agent is described. In order to achieve effective gas purification in an economical manner even in the case of so-called large “oxyfuel” furnaces which operate with oxygen as fuel gas, it is proposed to convert the impurities at an elevated pressure of at least 2 bar with at least one basic constituent of the washing agent into salts and to wash out said impurities as dissolved salts.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide (CO2) from a fluid stream and for delivering that extracted CO2 to controlled environments for utilization by a secondary process. Various extraction and delivery methods are disclosed specific to certain secondary uses, included the attraction of CO2 sensitive insects, the ripening and preservation of produce, and the neutralization of brine.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving a carbon dioxide recycle stream having carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. The carbon dioxide recycle stream is fed to a catalytic reactor. The hydrocarbons are converted to carbon dioxide in the catalytic reactor by a catalytic reaction without combustion to form a purified carbon dioxide recycle stream. Electrical energy is generated by using heat produced by the catalytic reactor in the conversion. Another method comprises receiving a recycle stream having carbon dioxide, C1-C2 hydrocarbons, and C3+ hydrocarbons. The C3+ hydrocarbons are separated from the carbon dioxide and the C1-C2 hydrocarbons. The carbon dioxide and the C1-C2 hydrocarbons are fed to a catalytic reactor at a pressure greater than about 300 pounds per square inch (psi), and the C1-C2 hydrocarbons are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and heat.

Abstract: Provided herein are porous single-molecule trap materials with fixed pore sizes that are capable of trapping one molecule per cavity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for adsorbing carbon dioxide onto porous metal-organic framework materials, a method for cooling porous metal-organic framework materials, a method for obtaining aldehyde using porous metal-organic framework materials and a method for warming porous metal-organic framework materials. In each method, porous metal-organic framework materials are used while an electric field or an electromagnetic field is applied to the porous metal-organic framework materials, or while a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field is applied to the porous metal-organic framework materials. If an electric field is applied, at least one organic compound included in the porous metal-organic framework materials is a polar compound. Instead, if a magnetic field is applied, at least one metal included in the porous metal-organic framework materials has an unpaired electron.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cyclic process for producing synthesis gas comprising: a first step of oxidation of an oxidizable oxygen-carrying solid; a second purge step; a third combustion step with production of CO2; a fourth step of production of synthesis gas; a fifth purge step.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of preparing functionalized graphene nanoribbons. Such methods include: (1) exposing a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to an alkali metal source in the presence of an aprotic solvent to open them; and (2) exposing the opened CNTs to an electrophile to form functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The methods may also include a step of exposing the opened CNTs to a protic solvent to quench any reactive species on them. Additional methods include preparing unfunctionalized GNRs by: (1) exposing a plurality of CNTs to an alkali metal source in the presence of an aprotic solvent to open them; and (2) exposing the opened CNTs to a protic solvent to form unfunctionalized GNRs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for recovering carbon dioxide from exhaust gas, more particularly, a method for recovering carbon dioxide from exhaust gas for saving the cost for recovery of carbon dioxide by decreasing energy required for recycling a carbon dioxide absorbent solution. In particular, a circulating solvent, whose heat of vaporization and/or sensible heat is lower than that of a solvent of an absorbent solution introduced to a recycling tower, is supplied to the lower portion of the recycling tower and mixed with the heated absorbent solution. As a result, the pressure inside the recycling tower is maintained so that carbon dioxide released from the absorbent solution is discharged to a storage tank/drum.

Abstract: A method of removing organic components from a mixture containing organic and inorganic components which method involves providing an induction heated screw conveyor having an auger and passing the mixture through the induction heated screw conveyor while inductively heating the auger so as to heat the mixture in the induction heated screw conveyor primarily from the center of the induction heated screw conveyor. The mixture is heated to a temperature that is sufficient to cause the organic components in the mixture to separate from the mixture as a vapor. The oxygen concentration in the induction heated screw conveyor is controlled so as to gasify the organic components. The gasified organic components are removed and the remaining inorganic components are collected.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods which provide a process stream comprising a gaseous component, capture the gaseous component from the process stream by an ionic liquid solvent of a separator, and recover a captured gaseous component from the ionic liquid solvent in a regenerator. A second gaseous component from the process stream may be captured by the ionic liquid solvent of the separator, and the second gaseous component may be recovered from the ionic liquid solvent in the regenerator. Alternatively, the second gaseous component from the process stream may be uncaptured by the ionic liquid solvent, and the uncaptured second gaseous component may be recovered from a membrane unit.

Abstract: A chemical looping system that contains an oxidizer and a reducer is in fluid communication with a gas purification unit. The gas purification unit has at least one compressor, at least one dryer; and at least one distillation purification system; where the gas purification unit is operative to separate carbon dioxide from other contaminants present in the flue gas stream; and where the gas purification unit is operative to recycle the contaminants to the chemical looping system in the form of a vent gas that provides lift for reactants in the reducer.

Abstract: An integrated chemical looping air separation unit (5) in a large-scale oxy-fuel power generating plant takes a portion of recycled flue gas (6) via a recycling conduit (7) through a heat exchanger (8) to a reduction reactor (9). The reduction reactor (9) exchanges oxidized metal oxide with an oxidation reactor (11) via transfer means (10) which return reduced metal oxide from the reduction reactor (9) to the oxidation reactor (11). This enables the reduction reactor (9) to feed a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas into the boiler (13) of the power generating plant in a more energy efficient manner than conventional oxy-fuel power plants using air separation units.