Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon black and a process for producing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coloring carbon black having both high blackness and excellent dispersibility, and to a process for producing the same.

Abstract: In a method for decomposition of hydrocarbons for the production of hydrogen and carbon black, the feed stock is passed through a plasma torch, which causes a pyrolytic decomposition of the feed stock. The feed stock is transported through the plasma torch (A) in a cooled lead-in tube (1) and undergoes a first heating in an area in the immediate vicinity of the plasma flame. The material thereby produced is passed on to one or more subsequent stages where the final and complete decomposition of the hydrocarbons to carbon black and hydrogen occurs. In this area further raw material may be added which causes quenching and reacts with the already produced carbon black. An increase is thereby caused in particle size, density and amount produced without further energy supply, whereafter the products produced are expelled and separated and hot gas may be transported in a return pipe to the torch, in order to further increase the energy yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon black producing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a carbon black producing method using an oil furnace, wherein the cooling medium for stopping the carbon black producing reaction is gas.

Abstract: A method for increasing the aggregate size and structure of carbon blacks produced by a furnace carbon black reactor by lowering the temperature of, but not stopping pyrolysis in, the effluent (the mixture of combustion gases and feedstock in which pyrolysis is occurring), preferably up to about 800 degrees F., at a residence time between about 0.0 second and about 0.002 second downstream from the furthest downstream point of injection of feedstock.

Abstract: Carbon blacks containing silicon and a process for manufacturing them. The carbon blacks containing silicon are suitable as reinforcing carbon blacks for rubber mixtures and give the latter viscoelastic properties such as reduced rolling resistance in tires. At the same time, the wet traction is even improved in the process.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus for producing carbon black is provided and unique reactor with separate carbon black forming reaction zones is described. The process utilizes such a reactor is to give unique carbon blacks which give rise to low hysteresis loss and good wear where used in rubber compounds for reinforcement and particularly in rubber tires.

Abstract: A non-aqueous solvent-type secondary battery having a large charge-discharge capacity and exhibiting a high utilization rate of an active substance, such as lithium, and an excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristic, can be constituted by using a carbonaceous electrode material having a specific microtexture. The carbonaceous electrode material is characterized by having an average (002)-plane spacing d.sub.002 of 0.336-0.375 nm and a crystallite size in c-axis direction Lc.sub.(002) of at most 50 nm, respectively, as measured by X-ray diffraction method, and an optically anisotropic texture showing a fine mosaic texture when observed through a polarizing microscope. The carbonaceous material may suitably be produced through a process including the steps of: crosslinking a tar or pitch of a petroleum or coal origin, and carbonizing the crosslinked tar or pitch at a temperature of at least 800.degree. C. under a reduced pressure or in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to fibrils. It more particularly refers to carbon/graphite fibrils and to an improved process for producing such. Carbon fibrils as used herein means graphitic fibrils having high surface area, high Young's modulus of elasticity and high tensile strength which are grown catalytically from available sources of carbon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a shaped composition composed of a carbonaceous pyropolymer having recurring units containing at least carbon and hydrogen atoms. The composition is characterized by a crush strength of at least 6 kg and has a bimodal pore distribution having maxima at pore diameters of about 60 to 900 .ANG. and about 120 to 160 .ANG..

Abstract: A rubber composition including 100 parts by weight of natural rubber and/or diene synthetic rubber and 30-100 parts by weight of carbon black having the following characteristics:(1) 24M4DBP of 0.95-1.30 ml/g;(2) D.sub.st of 50-80 nm;(3) .DELTA.D.sub.50 /D.sub.st of 0.55-0.75;(4) .DELTA.D.sub.10 /D.sub.st of 1.0-1.5;(5) a component ratio of 20% or less; and(6) CTAB of 120-180 m.sup.2 /g.The rubber composition is excellent in abrasion resistance without compromising low heat generation property and processability thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of a pollutant-free particulate carbon (i.e., a substantially ash-, sulfur- and nitrogen-free carbon) from carbonaceous feedstocks. The basic process involves de-oxygenating one of the gas streams formed in a cyclic hydropyrolysis-methane pyrolysis process in order to improve conversion of the initial carbonaceous feedstock. De-oxygenation is effected by catalytically converting carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen contained in one of the pyrolysis gas streams, preferably the latter, to a methanol co-product. There are thus produced two products whose use is known per se, viz., a substantially pollutant-free particulate carbon black and methanol. These products may be admixed in the form of a liquid slurry of carbon black in methanol.

Abstract: (1) A carbon film derived from a polyimide film, which has a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.2, a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 5000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and an electric conductivity of at least 200 S/cm.(2) A process for preparing a carbon film which comprises the following steps:1) reacting a monomer combination selected from the group consisting of a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine and a combination comprising a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, an aromatic diamine, and a polyamino compound having at least three amino groups to form a polyamic acid;2) forming a film of polyamic acid;3) imidizing the polyamic acid film to form a polyimide film having a tensile strength of at least 10 Kgf/mm.sup.2 and a tensile modulus of elasticity of at least 500 Kgf/mm.sup.2 ; and4) carbonizing the polyimide film in an inert gas or in a vacuum until a carbon film having a tensile strength of at least 15 Kgf/mm.sup.

Abstract: There is disclosed carbon black for a tire tread rubber which has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2 SA) of 60 to 160 m.sup.2 /g and a dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP) of 90 to 150 ml/100 g which belong to the respective regions of hard grades of carbon black, and an intraaggregate void volume Vp (ml/g) which is at most equal to the value calculated according to the formula.

Abstract: A process for preparing a carbon black which can control the particle size distribution and aggregate size distribution of the carbon black. This apparatus comprises a combustion chamber, a cylindrical throat more contracted than the combustion chamber, which is adapted for forming a plug flow of the hot gas, downstream of said throat, an expanding venturi portion downstream of said throat, and a carbon black reaction chamber; and a process comprising forming a plug flow of the hot gas in at least the cylindrical throat and the expanding venturi portion; and feeding a hydrocarbon material from hydrocarbon material spraying nozzles provided at two or more axially separate sites in the expanding venturi portion.

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks having an I.sub.2 No. of 26-34 mg/g; a CTAB of 26-34 m.sup.2 /g; a Tint of 46-54%; a DBP of 61-69 cc/100 g and a Dst/Dmode ratio of 1.31-136. Preferably the carbon blacks are additionally characterized by having a Number Median (D.sub.c /D.sub.p) of 2.7-3.1. Also disclosed are novel rubber and plastic compositions which, when the novel carbon blacks are incorporated therein, have lowered viscosity properties during subsequent processing.

Abstract: A carbon black process control system measures input variables such as feedstock flow rate, feedstock quality, air flow rate, air humidity, air temperature, fuel flow rate, fuel quality, and/or potassium additive solution flow rate at spaced intervals while the carbon black reactor is operating. Then, at spaced intervals in time one or more output variables of the carbon black, such as iodine number and/or DBP, are predicted in accordance with a prediction algorithm based on the values of the measured input variables. Then, at spaced intervals in time the predicted values of the output variables, such as iodine number and/or DBP, are averaged. Based on the average values of the predicted output variables, one or more input variables are then adjusted to achieve goal values of the predicted output variables, and thus obtain carbon black of substantially consistent quality.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing hydrogen and carbon black from hydrocarbon gases comprising mixing the hydrocarbon gases with a source of carbon and applying radiofrequency energy to the mixture. The hydrocarbon gases and the carbon can both be the products of gasification of coal, particularly the mild gasification of coal. A method is also provided for producing hydrogen an carbon monoxide by treating a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and steam with radio-frequency energy.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon blacks having lower-than-normal structure at a given surface area, and lower-than-normal surface area at a given overall combustion level. The process is carried-out by adding auxiliary hydrocarbons, which is hydrogen or any hydrocarbon having a molar hydrogen-to-carbon ratio greater than the molar hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the feedstock, to the reaction zone of a carbon black reactor and adjusting the primary combustion and overall combustion so that the SSI of the process is less than zero.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing hydrogen and carbon black from hydrocarbon gases comprising mixing the hydrocarbon gases with a source of carbon and applying radio-frequency energy to the mixture. The hydrocarbon gases and the carbon can both be the products of gasification of coal, particularly the mild gasification of coal. A method is also provided for producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by treating a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and water with radio-frequency energy.

Abstract: Electrically conductive carbon flakes and films are prepared in high yield by the pyrolysis of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, optionally halogenated, in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent at about at least 800.degree. C. Flakes of thicknesses up to 20 .mu.m and lengths up to 1 cm on a side are metal-like in appearance and have a conductivity of about 200-300 S/cm at room temperature. By heat treatment to 2600.degree. C., graphitic order is improved and the conductivity rises to .apprxeq.10000-15000 S/cm.

Abstract: Superior treadwear/hysteresis carbon blacks having a CTAB of about 90-98 m.sup.2 /g, a N.sub.2 SA of about 92-102 m.sup.2 /g, an I.sub.2 No. of 90-98 m.sup.2 /g, a DBP of about 126-136 cc/100 g, a CDBP of about 102-110 cc/100 g, and a Tint of about 104-112. Also disclosed are rubber compositions containing the carbon blacks which exhibit superior treadwear/hysteresis performance properties.

Abstract: Carbon blacks having a N.sub.2 SA of from at least about 150 m.sup.2 /g to about 180 m.sup.2 /g, a DBP of about 125 cc/100 g or less, a Dmode of 70 nm or less, a N.sub.2 SA/I.sub.2 No. ratio of 0.85 to 0.98 and a .DELTA.DBP less than 210 cc/100 g which, when incorporated into rubber compositions, impart increased abrasion resistance, heterogenous abrasion resistance and grip performance properties. Also disclosed are rubber composition incorporating the novel carbon blacks.

Abstract: Petroleum residual oil which has been contacted with an oxygen-containing gas to increase its softening point is combined with a pyrolysis tar and the combination is subjected to delayed coking to produce isotropic coke containing reduced sulfur and having a low CTE ratio.

Abstract: There is disclosed carbon black for a tire tread which has a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide specific surface area (CTAB) of 120 to 160 M.sup.2 /g, a dibutly phthalate absorption number of compressed sample (24M4DBP) of at least 100 to 145 ml/100g, a tinting strength (Tint) of 100 to 150%, and such a value Ma defined by the following equation (1) as to satisfy the relationship expressed by the following formula (2): ##EQU1## wherein N.sub.2 SA is a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (m.sup.2 /g), and Dst is the equivalent Stokes diameter (nm) at the maximum absorbance of the distribution curve of aggregates determined by the centrifugal classification method, and psMa.gtoreq.1.7-0.005 [CTAB]TM . . . (2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling in a continuous fashion the surface area of carbon black being produced in the carbon black formation zone of a carbon black reactor. Specifically, this invention is a method and apparatus for maintaining uniform surface area of a particular grade of carbon black while it is being produced continuously by an oil furnace process. The process parameters, such as rate flow of an oxidation material, of a combustion material, and of a hydrocarbon feedstock material as well as the quality (composition) and temperature of each of these materials may be altered based upon the temperature of the flowing mass as measured in the reaction zone of a carbon black reactor. The temperature measured within the reaction zone then can be used as an indicator of the particle size of the carbon black since an adjustment to rate of flow, quantity, and temperature of each material affects the end product.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced from a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon wherein pyrolysis is effected by combusting a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas is produced from reforming a hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the reformation is heated by combusting carbon black effluent tail gas or indirect heat exchange of the hot tail gas.

Abstract: A new process and apparatus for producing carbon black is provided and unique reactor with separate carbon black forming reaction zones is described. The process utilizes such a reactor to give unique carbon blacks which give rise to low hysteresis loss and good wear when used in rubber compounds for reinforcement and particularly in rubber tires.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black by thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon starting material in a production furnace by introducing the starting material to a high temperature zone heated by a high temperature combustion gas formed by burning a fuel and an oxygen-containing gas by a high temperature combustion gas-generating burner, characterized in that an alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound is (A) introduced from alkali burner, burner specially itemed for ionizing the alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, set independently from said high temperature combustion gas-generating burner, for burning a mixture of a fuel and an oxygen-containing gas, or (B) ionized in an ionizing furnace specially itemed for ionizing the alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound, and then introduced to the production furnace.

Abstract: The present invention discloses carbon black for a tire tread having a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide specific surface area (CTAB) of 120 to 160 m.sup.2 /g, a dibutyl phthalate absorption number of compressed sample (24M4) of 95 to 135 ml/100 g, and a tinting strength (Tint) of 100 to 150% and exhibits an M value defined by the following formula (1) and satisfying the following formula (2): ##EQU1## wherein IA is the iodine adsorption number (mg/g), N.sub.2 SA is the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (m.sup.2 /g), Dst is the equivalent Stokes diameter (nm) at the maximum absorbance of the distribution curve of aggregates determined by the centrifugal classification method, and .DELTA.Dst is the difference (nm) between two equivalent Stokes diameters at two points on the distribution curve of aggregates at which the absorbance is 50% of the maximum absorbance.

Abstract: A tubular furnace as a reactor for producing carbon black is disclosed having a constriction in at least the area of the spray device for the carbon black starting material which is oriented along the reactor axis. A combination chamber for generating the gaseous pyrolysis medium for the carbon black raw material is laterally located in front of the constriction. The central axes of the reactor tube and the combustion chamber are in the same plane and are essentially at right angles to one another. In addition, a method for producing furnace carbon blacks is disclosed in which the described reactor can be used for forming a highly turbulent, yet essentially non-swirling flow of combustion gases into which the carbon black starting material is injected.

Abstract: A virgin heavy oil is hydrotreated, separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction which are separately delay coked to obtain (a) a coke product of low sulfur content suitable for use as recarburizer coke or for use in the manufacture of graphite electrodes used in the manufacture of steel and (b) a coke product of higher sulfur content suitable for use in electrodes employed in the manufacture of aluminum.

Abstract: An anisotropic carbonaceous body is produced by plastically deforming a pitch-based semicoke at elevated temperature to align the internal structure. The semicoke may be carbonized and graphitized while retaining its anisotropic properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing carbon blacks which for a given surface area are characterized by having lower tinting strength and higher structure.

Abstract: A process for producing graphite includes heat treating, in an inert gas or in vacuo, at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyphenyleneoxadiazole, polybenzothiazoles, a polybenzobisthiazole, a polybenzoxazole, a polybenzobisoxazole and a polythiazole, at a temperature of at least 1600.degree. C., preferably at least 2000.degree. C., for at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 60 minutes, to convert the polymer to a highly-graphitized graphite. The process produces almost perfect graphite in any shape, such as film-shaped for large-area graphite, fibrous or powdered.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon filaments which comprises exposing a suitable thermostable substrate which is covered with reduced monocrystalline metal particles with a diameter of at least 5 nanometers to a carbon containing gas mixture at temperatures of about 250.degree. up to about 700.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., for a period of time sufficient to form filaments of the desired length, and thereafter removing the substrate and/or the metal particles. The filaments are characterized by a crystalline graphitic structure and a morphology defined by a fishbone-like arrangement of the graphite layers along the axis of the filaments. A high carbide content is a prerequisite for the nucleation of the filamentous carbon with a fishbone like structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing carbon fiber chopped strands excellent in bundling of fibers, high in bulk density, uniform in fiber length and superior in molding operability which includes application of an inorganic and/or organic binder in an amount of 0.1-3% by weight in terms of solid to carbon fiber or graphite fiber strands or chopped strands made from a petroleum or coal pitch.

Abstract: A process for economically recovering char, oil and fuel gas from vehicle tires is disclosed, for either whole tires or physically fragmented tires. The tires may be washed to remove dirt and road film. The tires are dried and preheated with super-heat steam. The hot tires are pyrolyzed to partially devolatize a major portion of the hydrocarbons and produce a char that can be separated from the steel and fiberglass. The char may be subsequently pyrolyzed with microwaves that elevate the tire temperature and devolatize the remaining hydrocarbons from the char as gas. The hot gases are cooled and partially condensed. The uncondensed gas is used as fuel. The condensed oil is sent to storage. The solid residue from the tire pyrolysis is substantially char, fiberglass and steel. The char is mechanically separated from the glass and steel. Alternately, the char and the glass and steel are separated by dumping the hot mixture into a water quench tank. The mixture is cooled.

Abstract: High structure carbon black is produced in an oil furnace reactor characterized by abrupt expansions in the reaction flow passage following the reactor throat.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor is characterized by a converging zone, a throat, a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone serially connected. Oil can be injected both upstream and downstream of the throat. Annular walls connect the throat with the first reaction zone and the first reaction zone with the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A carbon black for blending in rubber is disclosed, which has a BET specific surface area (N.sub.2 SA) within a range of 65 to 84 m.sup.2 /g, an a value to be obtained according to the following calculation formula, of at least 270 and a ratio of the BET specific surface area (N.sub.2 SA) to the iodine adsorption number (IA), N.sub.2 SA/AI, within a range of 1.10 to 1.35:a=(24M4DBP).sup.2 .times.(Blackness/IA ).sup.2 .times.(Dst).sup.2 .times.10.sup.

Abstract: A process for producing a relatively coarse, highly structured carbon black having a large surface area. The method comprises mixing a hydrocarbon feedstock with hot combustion gases at a high temperature in a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and stream velocity are relatively low in order to produce a preliminary coarse carbon black and effluent gases. The produced coarse carbon black is subsequently separated from the effluent gases. The separated produced carbon black is thereafter fed into a reaction chamber wherein turbulence and residence time are specifically controlled. Subsequently, the separated and produced carbon black is oxidized under controlled conditions within the reaction chamber with hot combustion gases in order to produce a coarse, large surface area, highly structured carbon black product and effluent gases. The effluent gases are thereafter separated from the coarse, high surface area, highly structured carbon black product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel high color carbon black having an electron microscope surface area over 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area between about 240 and about 500 m.sup.2 /g and a novel furnace carbon black having an electron microscope surface area above 250 m.sup.2 /g and a nitrogen adsorption surface area below about 800 sq. m/g. Also disclosed is a process for making these high color carbon blacks comprising feeding into a carbon black reactor a carbonaceous feed which is cracked at a high temperature to produce carbon black, wherein the reaction producing carbon black is at least quenched partially by contacting the reaction products directly with an auxiliary fuel taken from the group comprising a high BTU gas and a vaporizable hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: In a heat exchange unit that recovers waste heat from carbon black smoke by preheating oxygen-containing gas such as air being passed to a carbon black producing reactor, a control loop is provided that automatically diverts the oxygen-containing gas being preheated through a by-pass line if the temperature of the effluent smoke being removed from the heat exchange is below a minimum temperature value in order to minimize the deposition of carbon on the heat exchange surfaces in said heat exchange zone.

Abstract: The moving of adjacent axial stream at sufficiently different speeds to create turbulence and rapid mixing of feedstock and hot gases in a carbon black reactor is utilized to provide a high surface area carbon black.

Abstract: A process for producing carbon black by a furnace method wherein carbon black is produced in a reaction system comprising a first zone where a mixture of a fuel hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas is burned to form a high temperature combustion gas atmosphere, and a starting oil material is continuously supplied to the high temperature combustion gas atmosphere, and a second zone, as a down-stream zone subsequent to the first zone, where a carbon black-suspended hot gas formed in the first zone flows in and is rapidly cooled, characterized in that carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and steam are supplied to the first zone and/or the second zone to bring the carbon dioxide concentration in the second zone within a range of from 15 to 70% by volume, and the retention time of the carbon black-suspended hot gas in the second zone is at least 0.2 second.

Abstract: Carbon black filter bags are heated and then pretreated with "dry" carbon black to extend the life of the filter bags.

Abstract: An axial flow carbon black reactor can be provided with multiple expansion steps in the reactor expansion zone, tangential air entries into the steps, tangential process air entry with straightening vanes in the converging zone to provide axial reactor flow, tangential process air entry using longitudinal baffles in the reactor expanded zone to provide axial reactor flow; multiple expansion steps with flow of fluid from the converging zone and into the steps and multiple step expansions of the reactor expansion zone with downstream sloping faces on the steps.

Abstract: A process for economically recovering carbon black, oil and fuel gas from vehicle tires is disclosed, for either whole tires or physically fragmented tires. The tires are washed to remove dirt and road film. The clean tires are dried and preheated with super-heat steam. The hot tires are pyrolyzed to partially devolatize a major portion of the hydrocarbons and produce a char that can be separated from the steel and fiber glass. The char is subsequently pyrolyzed with microwaves that elevate the tire temperature and devolatize the remaining hydrocarbons from the char as gas. The hot gases are cooled and partially condensed. The uncondensed gas is used as fuel. The condensed oil is sent to storage. The solid residue from the tire pyrolysis is char, fiberglass and steel. The char is mechanically separated from the glass and steel. The char is milled to break down agglomerates and subsequently pelletized and bagged. The steel and glass are discarded as trash.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of fluidized carbon black with gases in a fluidized bed, wherein the carbon black and the treatment gases are conveyed for introduction in an unique operating procedure into the treating region in a countercurrent stream manner. The mass stream of the carbon black and the treating gases are held constant and the mass streams of the starting carbon black or the treated carbon black is regulated with the help of an optical electrical level sensor means so that the height of the fluidized bed is bed is held on a predetermined level. An apparatus is shown for the carrying out of the fluidized bed countercurrent process which has a novel carbon black product delivery system and is provided with a optical electrical level sensor means for controlling the level of the fluidized bed. The sensor means comprises a hair pin shaped lighting circuit composed of two legs or rods separated by a gap.