Abstract: Process for the production of sodium chloride crystals from a sodium chloride brine contaminated by potassium chloride and sulphate ions, according to which a calcium compound (32) is added to the brine (48) to crystallize glauberite (35), which is isolated, the resulting aqueous solution (36) is subjected to evaporation to crystallize sodium chloride (40), which is collected, and the aqueous mother liquor (41) from the crystallization of the sodium chloride is subjected to cooling (42) to crystallize glaserite (45).

Abstract: Electrode active materials, preferably having an olivine structure, of the formula:

Abstract: Electrode active materials, preferably having an olivine structure, of the formula:

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. In this method, a lithium salt is reflux-reacted with a metal salt in a basic solution. The positive active material has a spherical or sperical-like form, diameter of 10 nm to 10 &mgr;m, and a surface area of 0.1 to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive process for the preparation of lithium salts of formula LiX having a desired or required level of purity using lithium chloride and lithium sulfate. In the process of the invention, a lithium salt selected from lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, and combinations thereof is reacted with NaX or KX in a aqueous, semiaqueous, or organic solution and the precipitated salts are removed to obtain the LiX solution of desired purity. Preferably, a semiaqueous solution containing water and an organic solvent is used at some point in the reaction. The process of the invention eliminates the use of highly acidic materials and thus reduces the cost of raw materials and the need for specialized equipment.

Abstract: Aluminum polychlorosulphates having the general formula (I) Al(OH)l Clm(SO4)nMp(I) where M represents an alkali metal l, m, n, p represent the number of moles per mole of aluminum, so that 1.74≦l≦2.25, 0.01≦n≦0.17, 0.32≦p≦1.49, and l+m+2n=p+3, their use as coagulation and flocculation agents, and their preparation process by reaction, at room temperature, of an alkali metal basic compound, such as Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, K2CO3, KHCO3 and KOH, and an alkali metal sulphate or sulphuric acid with an aluminum polychloride or polychlorosulphate having the general formula(I′) Al(OH)l′Clm′(SO4)n′Mp′(I′) where 1.1≦1′≦1.44, n′≦0.10, p′<p(p of formula (I)), and l′+m′+2n′=p′+3.

Abstract: from Groups 2, 3, 12, 13, or 14 of the Periodic Table. Preferred embodiments include those having where c=1, those where c=2, and those where c=3. Preferred embodiments include those where a ≦1 and c=1, those where a=2 and c=1, and those where a≧3 and c=3. This invention also provides electrodes comprising an electrode active material of this invention, and batteries that comprise a first electrode having an electrode active material of this invention; a second electrode having a compatible active material; and an electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing oxidic nanocrystals, the process comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A manufacturing method of spinel type manganese oxide for a lithium ion secondary cell, includes pre-firing a mixture of lithium salt including lithium carbonate, manganese oxide, and heterogeneous metal, firing the mixture at 900 to 1200° C. to form a raw material, adding in the raw material at least one of crystal growth accelerators selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, lithium sulfide and a mixture thereof, and firing the resulting compound at 750 to 850° C. to form an excess lithium heterogeneous metal-doped spinel compound having a BET specific surface area of 0.5 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing potassium sulfate by reacting ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride at a temperature of about 30 to 40° C. to produce a slurry containing K2SO4·NH4·2SO4 double salt, and reacting this double salt with an aqueous solution containing potassium chloride at a temperature of about 30° C. to produce a slurry containing potassium sulfate. The slurry containing potassium sulfate is subjected to a solids/liquid separation step to obtain potassium sulfate crystals having a size in the range of about 20 mesh to about 150 mesh.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound based on an alkaline-earth metal, on sulphur and on aluminium, on gallium or indium, to its process of preparation and to its use as luminophore. The compound of the invention corresponds to the formula AB2S4, in which A represents an alkaline-earth metal and B aluminum, gallium, or indium and it is characterized in that it is provided in the form of a powder with a residual oxygen content of not more that 1.5% and composed of particles with a mean size of not more than 10 &mgr;m. This compound is obtained by a process which contains the following stages: a solution or a suspension comprising salts of the elements A and B is formed, the solution or the suspension is dried by atomization and the product obtained in the preceding stages is reacted with carbon disulphide or with a mixture of hydrogen sulphide and or carbon disulphide. The compound of the invention can be used as a luminophore, in particular in cathodoluminescence.

Abstract: This invention relates to synthetic chalcoalumite-type compounds represented by formula (1) below:M.sup.2+.sub.a-x/2 Li.sub.x.sup.1+ Al.sub.4.sup.3+ (OH).sub.b (A.sup.n-).sub.c.mH.sub.2 O (1)(whereinM.sup.2+ represents at least one of the following divalent metal ions: Zn.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+,a is 0.6<a<1.2,x is 0<x<1.4,b is 11<b<13,A.sup.n- is at least one member of the group consisting of SO.sub.4.sup.2-, HPO.sub.4.sup.2-, CO.sub.3.sup.2-, SiO.sub.3.sup.2-, SO.sub.3.sup.2-, HPO.sub.3.sup.2-, H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.- and OH.sup.-,c is 0.5<c<1.2, andm represents a number of 1 to 4)and processes for their preparation. The synthetic chalcoalumite-type compounds of the present invention are conveniently used for adsorbing agents of acidic substances, anion exchangers, infrared absorption agents for agricultural films, deodorants and recording media for ink jet, etc.

Abstract: There is provided a flash activated hydrotalcite which, when extruded to sizes of about 1/16 inch or more, has a crush load strength of at least about 7 pounds. The process for making this extrudate includes: (a) providing a hydrotalcite compound; (b) heating said compound for less than two seconds to one or more temperatures above about 482.degree. C. (900.degree. F.); (c) cooling said heated compound; (d) collecting said cooled compound; (e) forming said compound into an extrudate; and (f) reactivating said extrudate by heating to one or more temperatures above about 400.degree. C. (752.degree. F.) for about 20 minutes or more. Further strength improvements are achieved by exposing these extrudates to steam for at least about 8 hours prior to step (f).

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging agent and compositions capable of providing good oxygen absorption capabilities which contain said agent, wherein the agent is a modified anionic hydrotalcite particulate material.

Abstract: Polynucleate metal hydroxide anionic compounds and method for their production. The compounds have the formula:M.sub.a N.sub.b (OH).sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.e Z.sub.f.(H.sub.2 O).sub.gwhereinM is a tri- or more valent metal ion;N is a divalent metal ion that forms a soluble salt with anions X, Y or Z;OH represents the level of basicity;X is a monovalent anion;Y is a divalent anion;Z is a trivalent anion;a is 1;b is from 0.15 to 2.0;c is from 0.3 to 5;d is from 0 to 3;e is from 0.1 to 2.25;f is from 0 to 1; andg is greater than 4 where the compound is in the form of an aqueous solution, or from 0 to 20 where the compound is not in the form of an aqueous solution. The compounds are useful for water treatment for removal of suspended solids and for various applications in the paper industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a needle-shaped pigment with a particle size of 0.3.+-.0.1 .mu.m, which has uniform particle distribution, higher thixotropy, an excellent gloss, and good absorption of printing ink, by continuous addition of aluminum sulfate solution and zinc sulfate solution to a milk of lime.

Abstract: This invention relates to dimetal sulfide or selenide microporous crystalline compositions. These compositions have the empirical formulaR.sub.x (M.sup.1+.sub.y M.sup.2+.sub.z M.sub.4)A.sub.qwhere R is a cation such as tetramethylammonium ion, M.sup.1+ is a metal such as copper, silver, etc. M.sup.2+ is a metal such as zinc, cobalt, etc., M is germanium or tin and A is sulfur or selenium. The subscripts x, y, z and q represent the mole fractions of R, M.sup.1+, M.sup.2+ and A respectively. Finally, the three dimensional structure of said composition is characterized in that it contains M.sup.1+ --M.sup.1+ metal-metal bonds.

Abstract: Blue, quantum-confined phosphors for field-emission displays made by reducing metal (M) sulfoaluminates at high temperature. This yields phases of the type M.sub.4 (AlO.sub.2).sub.6 S. Bulk sulfide contaminant mixed with the reduced sulfoaluminate phase is removed by treating it with a chelating agent in nonaqueous solution. A photometric cathodoluminescence efficiency of 9 lumen/watt at 1000 V for Sr.sub.3 PbS(AlO.sub.2).sub.6 is observed. Undoped Sr.sub.4 S(AlO).sub.6 displays 5 lumen/watt at 1000 V, with excellent blue chromatic saturation.

Abstract: A fluorescent substance is comprised of a rare earth oxysulfide represented by the chemical formula, R.sub.2(1-x) Pr.sub.2x O.sub.2 S, wherein R stands for at least one member selected from the group consisting of Y, Gd, La, and Lu and x for a numerical value satisfying the expression, 5.times.10.sup.-5 .ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.times.10.sup.-2, and has a linear absorption coefficient of not more than 6.0 cm.sup.-1 at 550 nm. And further fluorescent substance contains PO.sub.4 in an amount of not more than 100 ppm.

Abstract: In an improved method for manufacturing a phosphor ceramic on the basis of a rare earth oxisulfide, a phosphor powder having a high specific surface of more than 10 m.sup.2 per gram is employed and is compressed to form a high-density, optically pure and translucent ceramic by single-axis hot-pressing under a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A phosphor for a high energy radiation detector is formed by a rare earth oxisulfide having the general sum formula (M.sub.1-x Ln.sub.x).sub.2 O.sub.2 S, wherein M is at least one element of the group Y, La and Gd, Ln stands for at least one element of the group Eu, Ce, Pr, Tb, Yb, Dy, Sm and Ho, and whereby (2.times.10.sup.-1).gtoreq..times..gtoreq.(1.times.10.sup.-6), which also contains molybdenum in a proportion between 10.sup.-1 and 10.sup.-6 mol percent for reducing the afterglow of the phosphor.

Abstract: This invention deals with a crystalline oxysulfide composition, a process for preparing the composition, a catalyst using the composition and processes using the composition. The crystalline oxysulfide composition has a three-dimensional microporous framework structure of at least MO.sub.2, MS.sub.2, and MOS tetrahedral units, having an intracrystalline pore system and an empirical formula expressed in molar ratios:(M.sub.s Al.sub.t P.sub.u Si.sub.v)S.sub.w O.sub.2-wwhere M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals which: 1) can be incorporated into the framework structure of a microporous molecular sieve and 2) form hydrolytically stable sulfides; s, t, u, v and w are the mole fractions of M, Al, P, Si and S respectively. The oxysulfide composition is prepared by contacting a molecular sieve having an empirical formula: (M.sub.s Al.sub.t P.sub.u Si.sub.v)O.sub.

Abstract: An alumina-silica-sulfate of the formulaxR:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zSO.sub.4.pH.sub.2 Owherein R is an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide, a transition metal capable of forming a sulfate salt or mixtures thereof, x is about 0.001 to 0.5, y is about 0.01 to 3.00, z is about 0.00 to 3.00, and p is about 0 to 100.00, and wherein the sulfate is present as a bound network. Compositions comprising the alumina-silica-sulfate of the invention and a carrier, articles of manufacture comprising the alumina-silica-sulfates of the invention in the form of a catalyst, rubber, plastics, paint and paper, among others. Hollow microspheres are formed by spray drying a gelled composition. Hollow microspheres containing a porous network are formed by calcining the spray-dried hollow microspheres to eliminate the sulfate network.

Abstract: An optically transmittant body comprising a solid solution of a ternary sulfide and a selected binary sulfide such as a solid solution of calcium lanthanum sulfide and phase lanthanum sulfide is provided by precipitating out of a nitrate solution of calcium and lanthanum, a starting powder of calcium carbonate and lanthanum carbonate. The molar ratio of lanthanum to calcium is greater than 2.0 moles lanthanum to 1.0 moles of calcium nitrate. The starting powder is reacted with a sulfurizing agent such as hydrogen sulfide to convert such starting powder into a powder of the solid solution of calcium lanthanum sulfide and phase lanthanum sulfide. The precipitate ion reaction forms a homogenous fine particle size starting powder of calcium carbonate and lanthanum carbonate which is substantially and uniformly converted into the solid solution powder. The phase lanthanum sulfide has a similar crystallographic structure as the calcium lanthanum sulfide.

Abstract: The invention is directed primarily to a method of doping tin oxide with Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 and/or Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 using pyrochlore-related compounds derived from the system SnO--SnO.sub.2 --Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 --Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 for use in thick film resistor compositions. The invention is also directed to thick film resistors containing the above-described pyrochlore-related compounds and to various compositions and methods for making such thick film resistors.

Abstract: Complex metal chalcogenides which are useful for high temperature lubrication applications have the formula:M.sub.p (M'O.sub.x A.sub.4-x).sub.m.nH.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal selected from the group consisting of: Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Cu, Ga, In, Bi, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sb, Sn and Ce;where M' is a metal selected from the group consisting of Mo and W;where A is S or Se;where x ranges from 1 to 3;where p is 1 or 2 depending on the oxidation state of Mwhere m ranges from 1 to 5 depending on the oxidation state of M;and n ranges from 0 to 6.

Abstract: High-temperature lubricant compositions which have good extreme pressure and antiwear properties include complex metal chalcogenides having the formula:M.sub.p (M'O.sub.x A.sub.4-x).sub.m.nH.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal selected from the group consisting of: Na, K, Cs, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Cu, Ga, In, Bi, As, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sb, Sn and Ce;where M' is a metal selected from the group consisting of Mo and W;where A is S or Se;where x ranges from 1 to 3;where p is 1 or 2 depending on the oxidation state of M;where m is ranges from 1 to 5 depending on the oxidation state of M;and n ranges from 0 to 6.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an antacid material based upon magnesium aluminium hydroxide, wherein magnesium hydroxide and/or magnesium oxide is reacted in an atomic ratio of magnesium to aluminium of 1:1 to 3:1 with an aqueous solution of aluminium sulphate until the pH of the reaction mixture is from 4.0 to 8.0, whereafter water-soluble components are removed from the mixture in a known manner and the mixture is isolated and, if desired, dried or preferably the mixture obtained after centrifuging or filtering off is used without further purification and optionally dried.The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing an antacid material prepared by these processes, in admixture with a conventional pharmaceutical adjuvant.Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of combating hyperacidity and gastrointestinal diseases, which comprises administering an antacid material prepared by the above processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adduct of the formula 4Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O.sub.2.KCl and a process for the preparation of this adduct by crystallizing the adduct out of a suspension containing from about 100 to 900 g of hydrogen peroxide per liter of solution and a quantity of sodium sulphate and potassium chloride which exceeds the saturation concentration of the adduct at the crystallization temperature, whereby the weight ratio of sodium sulphate to potassium chloride is in the range of from about 2:1 to 12:1. A continuous process is also disclosed for producing the adduct.

Abstract: A method for preparing stable non-stoichiometric cathode material to provide cathodes useful in non-aqueous electrochemical cells having an active metal (eg. lithium) anode. The method comprises reducing the non-stoichiometric cathode material (eg. manganese dioxide) with the active metal or a precursor compound of said active metal to form a compound of the active metal and stoichiometric active cathode material.

Abstract: The invention provides inorganic fibers based on calcium sulfate dihydrate or calcium sulfate aluminate hydrate (or their dehydration products), wherein the ratio of average length to diameter of the fibers is more than 100:1 and the length of the fibers is at least 0.2 mm; preferably the ratio of average length to diameter is 300-800:1, and the length is 0.5-6 mm.

Abstract: A variable temperature method for the preparation of single and multiple epitaxial layers of single-phase (e.g., face-centered cubic), ternary lead chalcogenide alloys (e.g., lead cadmium sulfide, [Pb.sub.1-w Cd.sub.w ].sub.a [S].sub.1-a wherein w varies between zero and fifteen hundredths, inclusive, and a=0.500.+-.0.003), deposited upon substrates of barium fluoride, BaF.sub.2, maintained in near thermodynamic equilibrium with concurrently sublimated lead alloy and chalcogenide sources. During preparation, the temperature of the substrate is varied, thereby providing an epilayer with graded composition and predetermined electrical and optical properties along the direction of growth. This growth technique can be used to produce infrared lenses, narrowband detectors, and double heterojunction lasers.

Abstract: A lime material and a siliceous material containing 10 to 40% by weight of alumina are admixed with an alkali solution, and the mixture is subjected to hydrothermal reaction with saturated water vapor at 4 to 40 kg/cm.sup.2 to form tobermorite. The reaction mixture is filtered to separate the tobermorite therefrom. A lime material and a gypsum material are added to the resulting filtrate, and the mixture is reacted at room temperature to a temperature of 90.degree. C. to form ettringite. The alkali filtrate separated from the ettringite is reused for the production of tobermorite.

Abstract: An electrophotoconductive material having the molecular formula:Cd(S.sub.x Se.sub.1-x):yCu.zCl is improved by controlling x in the range of from about 0.95 to about 0.98, y from about 0.0001 to about 0.001 and z is from about 0.001 to about 0.0015. The materials also have a relatively narrow particle size distribution and a relatively fine particle size and the surfaces relatively free of p-type copper sulfide. The improved materials exhibit and maintain a large differential between the image voltage and the background voltage of in excess of 800 volts when the material is used as an electrophotoconductive layer in a photosensitive member of equipment used in electrophotograhic copying processes.

Abstract: Polyethylene or EVA copolymer film which includes up to about 15% by weight of an additive preferably a mixture of alunite - aluminum hydroxide is disclosed for particular use as a cover for agricultural purposes. The disclosed film has improved properties which provide growth of plants and/or crops by reducing thermal losses to the atmosphere and by minimizing shadow formation. The physical characteristics of the film are equal to or better than conventional films.

Abstract: The method of preparing a coagulant for purification of water from mechanical admixtures consists in that alunite is roasted at a temperature of 520.degree.-620.degree. C. The roasted alunite is leached with a 20-35 per cent aqueous solution of sulphuric acid taken in the quantity of 70-90 per cent of the stoichiometrically required quantity, at a temperature of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. After leaching, roasted alunite is added in the quantity of 10-15 per cent of the weight of the starting alunite. The resultant pulp consists of solid and liquid phases, the liquid phase being an aqueous solution of the end product, while the solid phase is an insoluble residue. The solution is separated from the insoluble residue and the end product is finally isolated from the solution.

Abstract: Magnesium oxide and a zinc salt are reacted with one another to form a magnesium zinc complex salt which is added to a halogen-containing plastic composition to serve as a smoke and/or fire retardant during combustion of the plastic. This magnesium-zinc complex salt is normally added along with an antimony compound but may be used alone if desired.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby aqueous slurries of particulate solid materials having a relatively low solids content are converted to aqueous slurries having a relatively high solids content. The process includes deflocculating a mixture comprising a particulate solid material and water with the aid of a chemical deflocculating agent to form a first aqueous slurry, partially dewatering the first aqueous slurry in, for example, a pressure filter to form a cake having a reduced water content as compared to the mixture and subjecting the cake to mechanical work which comprises at least one cycle of applying a stress to the cake and relaxing the applied stress to form a second aqueous slurry having an increased solids content as compared to the first aqueous slurry.