Abstract: A process is provided for converting an alkane to an oxygenated product by passing an alkane gas over a first fixed bed containing a higher valence bromide salt to produce an alkyl bromide, a hydrobromic acid, and a lower valence bromide salt. The alkyl bromide and hydrobromic acid are conveyed as a gas to a second fixed bed containing a metal oxide and are passed over the second fixed bed to produce the first bromide salt and the oxygenated product. The metal oxide in the second fixed bed is regenerated by passing oxygen over the second fixed bed producing the metal oxide and bromine. The bromine is conveyed as a gas from the second fixed bed to the first fixed bed. The first bromide salt of the first fixed bed is regenerated by passing the bromine over the first fixed bed producing the first bromide salt.

Abstract: A photocatalyst including a metal oxide semiconductor represented by the formula: In1?xMxAO4 wherein M represents a transition metal element, A represents an element belonging to the Group 5a of the Periodic Table and x is a number greater than 0 but smaller than 1.

Abstract: A process to produce mixed metal oxides and metal oxide compounds. The process includes evaporating a feed solution that contains at least two metal salts to form an intermediate. The evaporation is conducted at a temperature above the boiling point of the feed solution but below the temperature where there is significant crystal growth or below the calcination temperature of the intermediate. The intermediate is calcined, optionally in the presence of an oxidizing agent, to form the desired oxides. The calcined material can be milled and dispersed to yield individual particles of controllable size and narrow size distribution.

Abstract: A positive active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided comprising lithium manganese oxide having such a spinel structure that the half-width (2?) of the reflection peak corresponding to 440 plane as determined by X-ray diffractometry using CuK? ray is not greater than 0.145°. The use of this positive active material makes it possible to obtain a secondary battery which exhibits a good cycle life performance at room temperature and high temperatures and a reduced capacity drop when stored at high temperatures.

Abstract: A catalyst of a water insoluble vanadyl sulfate or a complex catalyst, in which a specific oxide and a specific sulfate are combined to the water insoluble vanadyl sulfate are excellent not only in their activity, durability and SO2 resistance, not only in substantially no oxidization of SO2 to SO3 as in HCl resistant. Therefore, using this catalyst, a decomposition treatment of an organic halide(s) can be carried out with high efficiency and good stability. In particular, a efficient decomposition treatment of an organic halides(s) can be carried out also in the cases that dust is coexist; the gas to be treated contains SOX or HCl; or they generate in the decomposition area.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having high energy density and of excellent safety, and a cathode active material used therefor are provided. The cathode active material is a Li-containing composite oxide comprising a plurality of transition metal elements selected from Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, in which the composition of the transition metal elements is in a range not inclined to particular transition metal elements. The composite oxide having a crystal structure in which the range of an angle &bgr; formed between a axis and b axis of the crystallographic structure is controlled as: 90° <&bgr;≦110°. The composite oxide is used as the cathode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming a nanosize ceramic powder. A precursor ceramic material is formed of a fugitive constituent and a non-soluble constituent in a single phase. The precursor is contacted with a selective solvent (water, acid, etc.) to form a solution of the fugitive constituent in the solvent and a residue of the non-soluble constituent. The precursor is sufficiently reactive with the solvent to form the solution of the fugitive constituent in the solvent and form the nondissolved residue of the non-soluble constituent. The precursor material and the non-soluble residue are sufficiently insoluble in the solvent such that there is insufficient precursor material and non-soluble residue in solution to deposit and precipitate upon the residue of the non-soluble-constituent.

Abstract: A method of producing fine particles of an oxide of a metal, comprising the steps of: preparing an acidic solution which contains ions of the metal; precipitating fine particles of a hydroxide of the metal by adding an alkaline solution to the acidic solution; collecting the fine particles of the hydroxide of the metal precipitated in a mixed solution of the acidic solution and the alkaline solution; mixing fine particles of a carbon with the collected fine particles of the hydroxide of the metal; and heat-treating a mixture of the fine particles of the hydroxide of the metal and the fine particles of the carbon at a predetermined temperature in a non-reducing atmosphere, whereby the fine particles of the oxide of the metal are produced.

Abstract: A perovskite feedstock (powder or preform) is placed in a high-pressure cell of a high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) apparatus and subjected to pressures in excess of about 2 kbar and temperatures above about 800° C. for a time adequate to increase the density of the preform.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a compound of molecular formula LixCryMn2−yO4+z, wherein 2.2<x<4, 0<y<2 and z≧0, and to the use of this compound as a cathode material in secondary lithium and lithium ion cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive, pigment or colorant materials which may be used for laser marking. The materials comprise oxides of bismuth and at least one additional metal. Preferred laser-markable bismuth-containing oxide compounds are of the formula BixMyOz, where M is at least one metal selected from Zn, Ti, Fe, Cu, Al, Zr, P, Sn, Sr, Si, Y, Nb, La, Ta, Pr, Ca, Mg, Mo, W, Sb, Cr, Ba and Ce, x is from about 0.3 to about 70, y is from about 0.05 to about 8, and z is from about 1 to about 100. The bismuth-containing material may be dispersed in a substrate which is subsequently irradiated by a laser to provide a contrasting mark in the irradiated region.

Abstract: A method for continuously calcinating product to form mixed metal oxide powders comprising providing a continuously operated indirectly heated rotary furnace having a heating cavity, introducing raw feedstock including product to be calcined into the heating cavity of the furnace while the heating cavity is maintained at temperature, and maintaining a controlled atmosphere in the heating cavity during the heating of the feedstock, and discharging and recovering the mixed metal oxide powders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming inorganic pigments using one or more metal alloys. Metal alloys used in the method of the invention are preferably milled to a mean particle size of less than about 10 microns, may be mixed with other metal oxides, and calcined in the presence of oxygen in a rotary kiln. Inorganic pigments formed in accordance with the method of the invention can be used in a wide variety of applications, including the coloration of glass matrixes, ceramic bodies, polymers, and paints.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity hydrotalcites by reacting alcohols or alcohol mixtures with at least one or more divalent metal(s) and at least one or more trivalent metal(s) and hydrolyzing the resultant alcoholate mixture with water. The corresponding metal oxides can be produced by calcination.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity hydrotalcites by reacting alcohols or alcohol mixtures with at least one or more divalent metal(s) and at least one or more trivalent metal(s) and hydrolysing the resultant alcoholate mixture with water. The corresponding metal oxides can be produced by calcination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to additive, pigment or colorant materials which may be used for laser marking. The materials comprise oxides of bismuth and at least one additional metal. Preferred laser-markable bismuth-containing oxide compounds are of the formula BixMyOz, where M is at least one metal selected from Zn, Ti, Fe, Cu, Al, Zr, P, Sn, Sr, Si, Y, Nb, La, Ta, Pr, Ca, Mg, Mo, W, Sb, Cr, Ba and Ce, x is from about 0.3 to about 70, y is from about 0.05 to about 8, and z is from about 1 to about 100. The bismuth-containing material may be dispersed in a substrate which is subsequently irradiated by a laser to provide a contrasting mark in the irradiated region.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, the material is a non-linear optical compound with a general chemical formula (&Sgr;iM&agr;i1)(&Sgr;jM&bgr;j2)(&Sgr;kM&ggr;k3)Be2O5  Formula 1 wherein M1, M2, and M3 are mono-, di-, or tri-valent metal ions respectively; wherein (&Sgr;i&bgr;i)=X and ranges from 0 to 6, (&Sgr;j&bgr;j)=Y and ranges from 0 to 3, and (&Sgr;k&ggr;k)=Z and ranges from 0 to 2, (hereinafter referred to as “MBE2O5” compounds).

Abstract: Described are preferred polymerized organic-inorganic processes for producing mixed metal oxide powders suitable for use in the ceramics and related industries. The preferred processes employ a non-chelating polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyalkylene glycol as a carrier and can provide single-phase, mixed oxide powders in high yields at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: A chromium catalyst is disclosed for use in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous titania, which has an anatase-form crystalline structure, an anatase-form crystallite diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm, a degree of anatase crystallinity of 60% or more, a BET specific surface area of 10 m2/g or more, a total pore volume of 0.05 cm3/g or more, and a volume for pores having a pore radius of 1 nm or more of 0.02 cm3/g or more, and the porous titania and the catalyst comprising the porous titania of the present invention exhibit an excellent catalytic activity for removal of nitrogen oxides, oxidation of organic substances, decomposition of dioxine compounds, as well as decomposition and removal of organic solvents, agricultural chemical and surfactant.

Abstract: A cermet inert anode having a reduced level of contaminating surface metal is disclosed. Methods for preparing cermet inert anodes and methods for treating cermet inert anodes are also disclosed. The methods generally use an oxidizing agent to convert metals on the surface of the anode to inert oxides and/or to otherwise remove the metal contaminants. The inert anodes of the present invention may be used in electrolytic reduction cells for the production of commercial purity aluminum, as well as other metals.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves the in situ formation of metal-molybdate catalyst particles active for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, with iron as an example, the catalyst is made by mixing particulate forms of Fe2O3 and MoO3 which form an active Fe2(MoO4)3/MoO3 component inside the reactor during methanol oxidation.

Abstract: A method for continuously calcinating product to form mixed metal oxide powders comprising providing a continuously operated indirectly heated rotary furnace having a heating cavity, introducing raw feedstock including product to be calcined into the heating cavity of the furnace while the heating cavity is maintained at temperature, and maintaining a controlled atmosphere in the heating cavity during the heating of the feedstock, and discharging and recovering the mixed metal oxide powders.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method for removing and stabilizing liquid chromate ion and other oxy-metal ions with barium compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nanostructured materials in high phase purities using cavitation is disclosed. The method comprises mixing a metal containing solution with a precipitating agent and passing the mixture into a cavitation chamber. The chamber consists of a first element to produce cavitation bubbles, and a second element that creates a pressure zone sufficient to collapse the bubbles. The process is useful for the preparation of mixed metal oxide catalysts and materials for piezoelectrics and superconductors.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell having improved cyclic characteristics at elevated temperatures. The non-aqueous electrolyte cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode contains, as a positive electrode active material, a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by the general formula LiCoxAyBzO2 where A denotes at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, V, Mn and Fe, B denotes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ca and x, y and z are such that 0.9≦x<1, 0.001≦y≦0.05 and 0.001≦z≦0.05.

Abstract: A spinel oxide, Li4Mn5O12, is synthesized by a solution phase oxidation reaction of Mn2+ with lithium peroxide in the presence of excess lithium hydroxide, followed by firing at T≦500° C. This material may be useful as a cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Samples fired at 400° C. and 500° C. show an initial capacity of, respectively, 160 mAh/g and 153 mAh/g, in the voltage range 3.3-2.3 V. These capacities are close to the theoretical value. The sample fired at 500° C. shows excellent cyclability with <2% capacity decline over 40 cycles.

Abstract: Novel, fine particulate synthetic chalcoalumite, process for preparation thereof, and a heat insulating agent and agricultural film containing said fine, particulate synthetic chalcoalumite. The above objects are met by synthetic chalcoalumite represented by formula (1) below: (M12+)a−x(M22+)Al3+4(OH)b(An−)c. mH2O  (1)  (in which M12+ stands for Zn2+ or Cu2+,  M22+ is at least one divalent metal ion selected from Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+,  a is 0.3<a<2.0 (with the proviso that M1 and M2 are not the same),  x is 0 ≦x<1.0, and x<a  b is 10<b<14,  An− is at least one selected from SO42−, HPO42−, CO32−, SO32−, HPO32−, NO3−, H2PO4−, Cl−, OH− and silicate ion,  c is 0.4<c<2.

Abstract: A process for producing positive electrode active material includes feeding an aqueous nickel salt solution, aqueous solutions of different kinds of metals, aqueous solution containing ammonium ions and aqueous alkali solution each independently and simultaneously into a reaction vessel such that the amount of alkali metal is 1.9-2.3 moles relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals and the amount of ammonium ions is 2 moles or more relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals, the pH in the vessel is 11-13, the temperature in the vessel is 30-60° C. and the average residence time is 20-50 hours.

Abstract: In a process for dechroming, and/or depleting the MgO content of, steel slags, oxygen is introduced into the liquid steel slag to an extent sufficient for converting iron quantitatively to iron oxide and at least 5% by weight of the iron oxide contained in the slag to iron-III-oxide. The oxidized slag obtained solidifies and is disintegrated, whereupon the paramagnetic portions formed are magnetically isolated and separated from the dechromed slag.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slurry composition for chemical mechanical polishing comprising spinel particles having the formula AO•xZ2O3 wherein A is at least one divalent cation, Z is at least one trivalent cation, and 0.01≦x≦100. The present invention also includes a method of chemical mechanical polishing the surface of a substrate using slurry compositions that include these spinel particles. The slurry compositions of the present invention provide the desired level of planarization and selectivity for both metal and oxide surfaces. In addition, the slurry compositions of the invention can be prepared such that they are substantially free of alpha phase alumina particles and other high hardness particles to produce a scratch-free polished surface.

Abstract: Intercalation compositions having spinel structures with crystallites of metal oxides (M2O3) dispersed throughout the structure are provided having the general formula Li1+xMyMn2−x−yO4. Methods of producing the intercalation compositions and rechargeable lithium batteries containing the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the activation of perovskite-type oxide by increasing its surface area and/or catalytic activity, which comprises: (i) treating perovskite-type oxide hydrothermally with liquid water with water/perovskite-type oxide ratio of above 0.1 at temperature of 50°-500° C. and period of 0.1-100 h under autogeneous pressure and drying the resulting mass or treating perovskite-type oxide hydrothermally with water vapors with or without any inert gas at space velocity of above 100 h−1, temperature of 200°-1000° C. and a period of 0.1-100 h and (ii) calcining the hydrothermally treated perovskite-type oxide in air or inert gas or under vacuum at temperature of 300°-1000° C. for a period of 0.1-100 h.

Abstract: A continuous fiber of titania are made having an average diameter per a monofilament of from 5 to 50 &mgr;m, which has a BET specific surface area of 10 m2/g or more, a pore volume of 0.05 cc/g or more, a volume of pores having a pore diameter of not less than 10 angstroms being 0.02 cc/g or more and an average tensile strength per a monofilament of 0.1 GPa or more, or which has an average tensile strength per a monofilament of 0.5 GPa or more.

Abstract: Multimetal oxides containing Mo, V and at least one of the elements W, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Cr, Si and Ge and having a special three-dimensional atomic arrangement are used in catalysts for the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of organic compounds.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity hydrotalcites by reacting alcohols or alcohol mixtures with at least one or more divalent metal(s) and at least one or more trivalent metal(s) and hydrolysing the resultant alcoholate mixture with water. The corresponding metal oxides can be produced by calcination.

Abstract: A process for producing positive electrode active material includes feeding an aqueous nickel salt solution, aqueous solutions of different kinds of metals, aqueous solution containing ammonium ions and aqueous alkali solution each independently and simultaneously into a reaction vessel such that the amount of alkali metal is 1.9-2.3 moles relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals and the amount of ammonium ions is 2 moles or more relative to 1 mole of the total amount of nickel and different kinds of metals, the pH in the vessel is 11-13, the temperature in the vessel is 30-60.degree. C. and the average residence time is 20-50 hours.

Abstract: A method of producing a homogeneous metal oxide fiber having high denseness and free of voids that may adversely affect the electro-optic characteristic of the fiber, and a metal oxide fiber produced according to the method. The method comprises:a first step of forming a gel-form fiber from a sol obtained by concentrating a solution composed of a metallic compound, water and a solvent to the extent that the solution exhibits a spinnable behavior;a second step of decomposing and eliminating organic components out of the gel-form fiber obtained at the first step; anda third step of solidifying the gel-form fiber obtained at the second step;the second step and/or the third step being carried out while heating is made in a water vapor atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid from propane and oxygen gas through a vapor-phase catalytic oxidation reaction, said process comprising conducting the reaction using as a catalyst a metal oxide containing metallic elements Mo, V, Sb, and A (provided that A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Sn, W, Ti, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Co). The metal oxide is prepared by a process including specific steps (1) and (2). The metal oxide may be supported on a compound containing specific elements.

Abstract: Perovskite-type structure compounds having the general empirical formula ABO.sub.3 are prepared by a process comprising subjecting a mixture of starting powders formulated to contain the components represented by A and B in the formula to a high energy milling sufficient to induce chemical reaction of the components and thereby synthesize a mechanically-alloyed powder comprising the perovskite in the form of nanostructural particles. The process according to the present invention is simple, efficient, not expensive and does not require any heating step for producing a perovskite that may easily show a very high specific surface area. Another advantage is that the perovskite obtained according to the present invention also has a high density of lattice defects thereby showing a higher catalytic activity, a characteristic which is highly desirable in their eventual application as catalysts and electronic conductors.

Abstract: A method of improving certain vanadium oxide formulations is presented. The method concerns fluorine doping formulations having a nominal formula of LiV.sub.3 O.sub.8. Preferred average formulations are provided wherein the average oxidation state of the vanadium is at least 4.6. Herein preferred fluorine doped vanadium oxide materials, electrodes using such materials, and batteries including at least one electrode therein comprising such materials are provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and a process are provided for converting and/or removing harmful constituents from solid hazardous or other undesirable waste material by heating the waste in a reactor in the presence of a continuous flow of oxygen and waste metals, wherein the waste material becomes a molten metal oxide bath which when solidified, has a spinel structure to chemically bond harmful constituents within the spinel structure by crystal chemical substitution. The resulting metal oxides are environmentally acceptable. A substantially gaseous effluent which may contain particulate material is also generated. The effluent is conducted through a high temperature zone to destroy organic and other harmful constituents influenced by temperature and dwell time. The effluent is further processed through an emissions treatment system to achieve acceptable environmental quality.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging agent and compositions capable of providing good oxygen absorption capabilities which contain said agent, wherein the agent is a modified anionic hydrotalcite particulate material.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions based on ceric oxide having an improved oxygen storage capacity, these compositions being characterized in that they contain, besides ceric oxide, at least one oxide of another metallic element M chosen from the group consisting of iron, bismuth, nickel, tin and chromium or one of their mixtures, this oxide preferably being in solid solution with the abovementioned cerium oxide. The process of synthesis of these compositions consists in first of all preparing an intimate mixture between (i) a ceric oxide or a ceric hydroxide and (ii) at least one additive consisting of a hydroxide or a salt, thermally decomposable to an oxide, of the metallic element M, and in then calcining this mixture so as to obtain the desired composition based on oxides. The compositions according to the invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of catalysts and/or catalyst supports, especially those intended for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A synthetic chalcoalumite compound represented by the formula (1)(Zn.sub.a-x.sup.2+ M.sub.x.sup.2+)Al.sub.4.sup.3+ (OH).sub.b (A.sup.n-).sub.c.mH.sub.2 O (1)whereinM.sup.2+ represents at least one of Cu, Ni, Co and Mg;a represents 0.3<a<2.0;x represents 0.ltoreq.x<1.0;b represents 10<b<14;A.sup.n- represents one or two selected from SO.sub.4.sup.2-, HPO.sub.4.sup.2-, CO.sub.3.sup.2-, CrO.sub.4.sup.2-, SiO.sub.3.sup.2-, NO.sub.3.sup.2-, OH.sup.- and Cl.sup.- ;c represents 0.4<c<2.0 andm represents a number of 1 to 4,and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oxide (P), which includes the steps of (i) forming a solid phase compound (O) based on an oxide containing molecular entities (1) chosen from optionally substituted ammonium, diammonium, diazan-ium or diazandium, the entities being distributed within the solid matrix, and (ii) eliminating the entities (1) from the solid phase compound (O) by reacting the solid phase compound (O) with a gaseous stream containing a break-down reactant for the entities (1), and isolating the resulting solid material (P).

Abstract: This invention relates to new crystalline organic compositions having unique combinations of framework-confined uniform mesopores and textural mesopores and to a method for their preparation. The compositions typically possess a framework wall thickness of at least about 17 .ANG., small elementary particle size of less than about 400 .ANG., and ratio of textural to framework-confined mesoporosity of greater than about 0.2. The formation of the mesoporous structure is accomplished by a novel self-assembly mechanism involving hydrogen bonding between neutral amine surfactant (S.degree.) and neutral inorganic oxide precursor (I.degree.). This S.degree.I.degree. templating approach allows for facile and environmentally benign recycling of the cost-intensive template by simple solvent extraction methods.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal oxide powder which comprises heating a metal or metals in an atmosphere gas comprising a halogen gas, a hydrogen halide gas or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less; and oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of these gases in a concentration of from 0.5% by volume or more to 99.5% by volume or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing oxide powders and complex oxide powders having an oxygen amount smaller than the stoichiometric amount. The method comprises: spraying a combustible liquid that contains at least one raw material of metals capable of having a plural number of valences and compounds of such metals; and firing the raw material to give a powder of an oxide of at least one of said metals. The oxygen amount in the atmosphere in which the combustible liquid containing said raw material is sprayed and fired is smaller than the total of the oxygen amount necessary for the complete combustion of said combustible liquid and the oxygen amount necessary for the conversion of said raw material into an oxide that is the most stable in air at room temperature.