Abstract: Compositions of the invention for regenerating defective or absent myocardium comprise an emulsified or injectable extracellular matrix composition. The composition may also include an extracellular matrix scaffold component of any formulation, and further include added cells, proteins, or other components to optimize the regenerative process and restore cardiac function.

Abstract: A system for delivering a therapeutic agent to a nasopharyngeal mucosa target comprises a foam generating mechanism, a gas, a therapeutic agent in liquid form that inhibits mucus production, and a delivery device. Actuation of the foam generating mechanism entraps gaseous bubbles from the gas in the liquid thereby forming a foam. The therapeutic agent is dispersed in the foam which has an expanded configuration adapted to fill a nasopharyngeal space and deliver the therapeutic agent to the mucosa targets. The delivery device is for delivering the foam to the nasopharyngeal space. The foam may also have a collapsed configuration for removal from the nasopharyngeal space or for concentration of the therapeutic agent onto the mucosa.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of using modified matrix metalloprotease (MMP) enzymes that exhibit regulated activity in the presence of calcium. The methods include conditionally controlling the activity of the MMPs through the use of calcium to treat fibrotic diseases or conditions involving a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Abstract: A method is disclosed to dissolve protein deposited in muscle. The method includes the step of administering an effective amount of an agent selected from the group consisting of fibrinolytics, proteolytics, photolytic and magnelytic agents.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for combating biofilm, said method comprising contacting a biofilm with an alginate oligomer. The biofilm may be on an animate or inanimate surface and both medical and non-medical uses and methods are provided. In one aspect the invention provides an alginate oligomer for use in the treatment or prevention of a biofilm infection in a subject. In another aspect the method can be used to combat biofilms, on abiotic surfaces, e.g. for disinfection and cleaning purposes.

Abstract: Methods for preventing or treating neuropsychiatric disorder and/or a neurological disorder including a neurological disorder mediated by the thalamus. Neuropsychiatric disorders and/or a neurological disorders, including a thalamically mediated disorder can be treated by peripheral administration of a botulinum toxin to or to the vicinity of a trigeminal sensory nerve, thereby preventing or treating a neurological disorder and/or a neuropsychiatric disorder.

Abstract: A composition is described with reduced degradation rate and/or improved stability of its components. The composition can alleviate or even annihilate cutaneous reactions and can include an emulsion with an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the oil phase can be a eutectic mixture of at least one anesthetic compound and at least one adrenergic receptor agonist. Methods of using such a composition are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating a subject suffering from tuberculosis which comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising an amount of an inhibitor of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in an amount effective to treat the subject, such that the therapeutic effect of said composition is different than the therapeutic effect attributable to the antibiotic properties of said composition. The present invention also provides a method for reducing or inhibiting destruction of lung extracellular matrix in a subject comprising administering to the subject at risk for such destruction a composition comprising an amount of an inhibitor of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in an amount effective to reduce or inhibit destruction of lung extracellular matrix in the subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a polysaccharide and a botulinum toxin for reducing a skin wrinkle. In some embodiments, the polysaccharide comprises disaccharides. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of a disaccharide unit of the polysaccharide is between about 345 D and about 1,000 D.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for identifying the flexor retinaculum of the carpal tunnel, injecting an effective amount of an agent into at least a portion of flexor retinaculum or tissue adjacent thereto, wherein the agent is configured to weaken the flexor retinaculum. The system may further include means for increasing the tensile stress in the flexor retinaculum post-injection using hand exercises, thereby weakening its structural integrity and decreasing the pressure within the carpal tunnel that impairs median nerve function.

Abstract: Methods of using an ETB receptor agonist, such as IRL-1620, for the treatment of stroke or cerebrovascular accidents are disclosed. The ETB receptor agonist is used alone or in combination with a second agent useful in the treatment of stroke or other cerebrovascular accident.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations of ADAMTS13 with enhanced or desirable properties. As such, the invention provides liquid and lyophilized formulations of ADAMTS13 that are suitable for pharmaceutical administration. Among other aspects, the present invention also provides methods of treating various diseases and conditions related to VWF and/or ADAMTS13 dysfunction in a subject. Also provided herein are kits comprising ADAMTS13 formulations useful for the treatment of various diseases and conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for prophylactic treatment of Herpes recurrence with a Clostridial neurotoxin, such as a botulinum neurotoxin or variant thereof.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a polynucleotide encoding a modified neurotoxin polypeptide comprising a modified neurotoxin light chain and a heavy chain, said modified light chain having at least one modification conferring altered cleavage by calpain proteases. Further encompassed by the present invention are vectors and host cells comprising the polynucleotide of the invention as well as polypeptides encoded by the said polynucleotide. In addition, the invention relates to compositions comprising the polynucleotide, vector, host cell or polypeptide of the invention as a medicament.

Abstract: The methods and compositions disclosed herein are effective in the promoting the reattachment of delaminated cartilage to bone. The methods (and related compositions) comprise the removal of the acellular layer of the delaminated cartilage thereby exposing the underlying chondrocyte cells thereby allowing the promotion of the reattachment of the delaminated cartilage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid pharmaceutical composition of botulinum toxin which is improved in stability. It comprises botulinum toxin, polysorbate 20, and methionine and optionally isoleucine. Employing, instead of the animal-derived protein albumin or gelatin, a combination of polysorbate 20 and methionine and optionally isoleucine as botulinum toxin stabilizers, the liquid pharmaceutical composition eliminates the risk of contaminating the body with serum-derived pathogens or microorganisms and can be administered safely to the body. Also, the composition is convenient for use as a direct injection for patients. Superior to conventional compositions employing either detergents or amino acids in terms of the storage stability of botulinum toxin at 25˜37° C. as well as at refrigerated temperatures, the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is very useful for storing botulinum toxin under an emergency condition such as an environment without maintaining low temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and kits for safely removing and inactivating topical therapeutic or cosmetic compositions. The methods and kits according to the invention are particularly well suited for removing and inactivating highly toxic substances.

Abstract: Behavioral pharmacological data with the compound of formula (I), a novel and selective 5HT2A/2C receptor inverse agonist, demonstrate in vivo efficacy in models of psychosis and dyskinesias. This includes activity in reversing MK-801 induced locomotor behaviors, suggesting that this compound may be an efficacious anti-psychotic, and activity in an MPTP primate model of dyskinesias, suggesting efficacy as an anti-dyskinesia agent. These data support the hypothesis that 5HT2A/2C receptor inverse agonism may confer antipsychotic and anti-dyskinetic efficacy in humans, and indicate a use of the compound of formula (I) and related agents as novel therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease, related human neurodegenerative diseases, and psychosis.

Abstract: A synthetic, flexible tissue matrix and methods for repairing hyaline cartilage defects in a joint using the flexible tissue matrix are described. The flexible tissue matrix includes a high molecular weight polycaprolactone polymer entangled with a polysaccharide such as hyaluronic acid. In the methods, autologous bone mesenchymal stem cells are introduced to a joint by a microfracturing technique, and a membrane made of the flexible matrix is applied to the joint. Cartilage which forms in the joint is hyaline cartilage rather than fibrocartilage.

Abstract: Methods for prolongation of climax time in a patient in need thereof are presented, as are methods for treating premature ejaculation by local administration of a Clostridial neurotoxin, such a botulinum neurotoxin, to the patient, are provided.

Abstract: Botulinum toxin, among other presynaptic neurotoxins is used for the treatment of autonomic nervous system disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. The neurotoxin is delivered to target the sympathetic ganglion. Exemplary delivery is carried out by way of injection.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods and compositions for treatment of adipose deposits.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel therapeutic agent and a novel treatment method for cancer. Specifically disclosed are: a targeting agent for a cell selected from the group consisting of a cancer cell and a cancer-associated fibroblast, which comprises a retinoid; a substance delivery carrier for the cell, which comprises the targeting agent; an anti-cancer composition utilizing the targeting agent or the carrier; an anti cancer-associated fibroblast composition; and a method for treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating scars on the skin, comprising a mixture of botulinum toxin and air. The mixture of botulinum toxin and air according to the present invention, when injected in the dermis, may temporarily removed the elasticity of the dermis and flatten out the depressed part of the scar, and thus enables elaborate intradermic resection and increases the therapeutic effects of lasers for treating pulsed dye laser or of fractional lasers. Thus, scars on the skin can be effectively improved through a one-time operation without negatively affecting the daily lives of patients.

Abstract: Methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating severe ischemic events including cerebral infarction, cardiac infarction, or pulmonary embolism, comprising a thrombolytic intervention including thrombolytic agents and an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-mediated signal transduction are disclosed.

Abstract: Cosmetic compositions include a Clostridial neurotoxin component and a microsphere component. In certain compositions, the composition includes a botulinum toxin and a plurality of swellable microspheres. The compositions are administered to individuals, by injection and the like, to treat a cosmetic defect of deficiency.

Abstract: A Clostridial toxin pharmaceutical composition comprising a Clostridial toxin, such as a botulinum toxin, wherein the Clostridial toxin present in the pharmaceutical composition is stabilized by a non-protein excipient such as a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a disaccharides, a trisaccharide, a polysaccharide, an alcohol, a metal, an amino acid, a surfactant and/or a polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of identifying the presence of or quantifying the amount of one or more of T helper (Th) cells and iTreg cells present in a sample by identifying the presence of an ADAM or the amount of an ADAM, such as ADAM12, present in a sample. The present invention also provides methods for increasing or decreasing signaling of a TGF such as TGF? by increasing or decreasing the biological activity or expression of an ADAM. Further, the present invention provides methods for inhibiting or stimulating, downregulating or upregulating, an immune response, and for treating diseases associated with an immune response such as cancer, viral, bacterial and fungal infections, autoimmune diseases and graft versus host diseases. Still further, the invention provides screening methods effective for identifying therapeutic agents, pharmaceutical compositions containing therapeutic agents, and vaccines.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are materials, means and methods for sustained release of therapeutic agents for topical treatments. In particular, disclosed are means and methods for topical treatment of diseases of internal body cavities by embedding therapeutic agents in a slowly degrading biocompatible mixture applied to affected tissue.

Abstract: Methods of using botulinum toxin based pharmaceuticals are disclosed. The methods cause vasodilatation and decreased flow resistance of certain vascular beds for the purpose of increasing blood flow to a region in order to positively impact deterioration from a number of diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of using extracellular matrix digesting enzymes and neurotoxins, such as a Clostridial neurotoxins, to treat various medical conditions, such as overactive bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hyperhidrosis, for example.

Abstract: The embodiment described herein are related nanoemulsions comprising botulinum toxins. In one embodiment, the nanoemulsions are prepared by high pressure microfluidization and comprise a particle size distribution exclusively between 10 and 300 nm. The nanoemulsions contemplated by the present invention are useful for the cosmetic and medical treatment of muscular contracture states. For example, botulinum toxin may relax facial muscles such that skin wrinkles become smoother and less noticeable. Further, the present invention contemplates a cosmetic formulation that may be self-administered, for example, in the privacy of one's home and without medical supervision.

Abstract: Methods for preventing or treating depression including a depression mediated by the thalamus. Depression, including a thalamically mediated depression, can be treated by peripheral administration of a botulinum toxin to or to the vicinity of a trigeminal sensory nerve, thereby preventing or treating the depression.

Abstract: Described is a new method of treating chronic compartment syndrome in a muscle of a mammal, particularly exertional compartment syndrome. The method includes introducing an effective amount of a nerve-blocking toxin, such as human botulinum toxin into the muscle. Further in addition to treating chronic or exertional compartment syndrome, a method is included and described in the disclosure of confirming diagnosis of exertional compartment syndrome in a muscle of a mammal. In the method, venous compression and/or expansion in a mammal in an area of a muscle having a symptom associated with exertional compartment syndrome is evaluated by comparing venous flow at rest and after stress on the muscle. An anaesthetic is used to block a nerve supplying motor function to the muscle causing compression of a blood vessel. The mammal is evaluated after the block of the nerve to determine if the symptom associated with exertional compartment syndrome is alleviated.

Abstract: There are provided a lyophilized preparation of botulinum toxin without a protein stabilizer derived from animals. The lyophilized preparation of botulinum toxin according to the present invention can maintain an activity of botulinum toxin, and also exhibit excellent long-term storage stability even under conditions of high temperature, which may occur when botulinum toxin is stored, delivered, and processed.

Abstract: Ophthalmic conditions such as presbyopia, myopia, and astigmatism can be corrected by the use of a molding contact lens in combination with a pharmaceutical composition suitable for delivery to the eye. The molding contact lenses are preferably commercially available and are not specifically designed for orthokeratology. The agents in the pharmaceutical compositions such as hyaluronase allow the cornea of the eye to be molded in order to correct the refractive error of the eye. The contact lenses and the pharmaceutical composition induce a change in the radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, thereby correcting the refractive error of the eye. One advantage of the inventive technique is that the patient with his or her own individual visual needs guides the treatment until the patient near and far visual needs are met.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of treating baldness, treating alopecia, promoting hair growth, and/or promoting hair follicle development and/or activation or stimulation on an area of the skin of a subject (for example, a human) by subjecting said area of the skin to integumental perturbation. Integumental perturbation can be used in combination with other treatments for promoting hair growth. The invention provides devices for integumental perturbation for promoting hair growth, and provides pharmaceutical compositions for use in combination with integumental perturbation for promoting hair growth.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes patient-specific landmarks in order to treat headache pain. In one aspect, the present invention relates to the administration of Clostridial toxins, such as a botulinum neurotoxin, to a patient suffering from a headache pain, where the location of administration of the botulinum toxin is based upon at least one suture line of the patient's skull.

Abstract: Methods for treating premature ejaculation and prolongation of climax time in a patient in need thereof by local administration of a Clostridial neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, are provided.

Abstract: One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for modulating uterine function in a mammal. One step of the method includes placing a therapy delivery device into direct contact with a spinal cord target associated with uterine function. Next, the therapy delivery device is activated to deliver a therapy signal to the spinal cord target in an amount and for a time sufficient to effect a change in sympathetic and/or parasympathetic activity in the mammal and thereby modulate uterine function.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient suffering from a condition with an active compound comprising the steps of (a) treating the patient intranasally with an effective amount of MMP-9 or a functionally equivalent fragment, wherein the tight junctions of the patient's nasal epithelial cells are modulated or wherein the basal lamina of the patient is partially digested and type IV collagen of the patient is degraded or wherein access to the patient's perineural, perivascular, or lymphatic compartment spaces is facilitated and (b) treating the patient intranasally with an active compound is disclosed.

Abstract: A high potency botulinum toxin pharmaceutical composition comprising two excipients (such as albumin and sodium chloride) in a weight to weight ratio of between about 1 and about 100.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a pharmaceutical composition that includes tetrabenazine and a release-retarding agent; and a method of treating a hyperkinetic movement disorder (e.g., Huntington's disease, chorea associated with Huntington's disease, hemiballismus, senile chorea, tic disorders, tardive dyskinesia, myoclonus, dystonia and/or Tourette's syndrome). The method includes administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition, for a period of time effective to treat the hyperkinetic movement disorder.

Abstract: Disorders such as headaches can be treated by administration of a botulinum toxin to a patient suffering therefrom, such as a migraine headache. A combined a fixed site/fixed dose and an optional follow the pain variable dosage and injection site paradigm is disclosed for optimizing clinical effectiveness of botulinum toxin administration for patients suffering headache, particularly chronic migraine.

Abstract: The invention discloses identification and therapeutic use of matrix metalloproteinase oligopeptides, SEQ ID 5-SEQ ID 21. These oligopeptides are bound to antibodies to create an immune response in the subject mammal against the matrix metalloproteinases of various diseases. This is a means of therapeutic intervention against the disease spread created by the matrix metalloproteinases. Further use of these oligopeptide-antibody responses can be extended to any and all diseases that use the matrix metalloproteinases to aid in their pathogenicity.

Abstract: The invention discloses identification and therapeutic use of matrix metalloproteinase oligopeptides, SEQ ID wherein the matrix metalloproteinase oligopeptide is at least one of SEQ ID 7, 11, 12, 18 and 19 and combination thereof. These oligopeptides are bound to antibodies to create an immune response in the subject mammal against the matrix metalloproteinases of various diseases. The instance method is a means of therapeutic intervention against the disease spread created by the matrix metalloproteinases. Further use of these oligopeptide-antibody responses can be extended to any and all diseases that use the matrix metalloproteinases to aid in their pathogenicity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating diseases and disorders by administering a composition containing the neurotoxic component of a Clostridium botulinum toxin complex, wherein the composition is devoid of any other protein of the Clostridium botulinum toxin complex and wherein the composition is administered at short intervals and/or in high doses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formulations of ADAMTS13 with enhanced or desirable properties. As such, the invention provides liquid and lyophilized formulations of ADAMTS13 that are suitable for pharmaceutical administration. Among other aspects, the present invention also provides methods of treating various diseases and conditions related to VWF and/or ADAMTS13 dysfunction in a subject. Also provided herein are kits comprising ADAMTS13 formulations useful for the treatment of various diseases and conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to for treating an obstructed biological conduit that include administering to the conduit an agent that can degrade extracellular matrix of obstructing tissue. Particular methods include delivery of an enzyme or a mixture of several enzymes to the area or region of obstruction wherein the enzyme(s) have the capability to degrade extracellular matrix components within the obstruction thereby restoring the normal flow of transported fluid through the conduit. The invention also includes prophylactically dilating a section of conduit to minimize the risk of obstruction formation.

Abstract: A Clostridium histolyticum collagenase ColH (Glu451Asp) melts adipose tissue when injected into selected regions of the body. This protein product melts fat pads effectively in fat rat experiments, with very little side effects. Very little hemorrhage was observed. We also invent a new version of ColH mutant by linking a peptide motif CKGGRAKDC-G (varying from 2 to 6 Gs) (SEQ ID NO: 2) in front of ColH (Glu451Asp) (called topical ColH-FM), which can target to white fat vasculature. By combining with novel transdermal technology (such as Hydroxysome technology), we develop a topical protein cream that can melt fat. This product can be used as cellulite cream and for chemical liposuction. This topical ColH-FM can also be injected into adipose tissue as a replacement for liposuction or as an adjunct method with liposuction. Since raise scar is formed by overgrowth of collagen, our topical ColH-FM cream is shown to have application in scar reduction.