Abstract: A method for producing para-aramid pulp by using gravity-induced orientation of anisotropic para-aramid solutions. The solutions are those in which the para-aramid is still actively polymerizing. The process can be practiced on immobile inclined supports or on a moving inclined support in the form of a conveyer.

Abstract: Continuous extrusion apparatus in the form of a rotatable wheel having a peripheral endless groove for material to be extruded. An abutment having a die orifice protrudes into the groove. The sides of the abutment and of the groove are of complementary stepped form to inhibit the egress of material from between the sides of the groove and of the abutment.

Abstract: Air is blown on the surface reverse to a cooling drum of the thermoplastic resin film extruded onto the cooling drum. The air is decelerated and is continuously varied in the velocity. An air nozzle to blow air on the surface reverse to a cooling drum of the thermoplastic resin film extruded onto the cooling drum, not less than two air supply openings disposed along the circumferential direction of the drum and a reduction filter covering the air supply openings are provided. The cleaning times of the air nozzle can be reduced, and the thermoplastic resin film is always held in an excellent quality.

Abstract: An apparatus for production of a continuous plastic sheet (2) includes structure for the forming of at least one layer cast in the liquid state of this plastic material, or a reaction mixture of reactive components, on a mobile support of glass plates (1) placed edge to edge and carried by a conveyor, followed by the setting of the layer formed on the surface of the glass plates and pulling off the set sheet. Strips (3) of flexible material are inserted between the adjacent glass plates. The adjacent edges of the glass plates are covered, before the casting is performed, by a ribbon (4) of a material nonadherent to the glass, which overlaps the section of the inserted strip or strips. After having been positioned on the glass plates, the ribbon is made temporarily adherent to the latter upstream from the casting in the liquid state by electrostatically charging with opposite charges the glass plates and the ribbon.

Abstract: For continuous production of a resin film having a plain surface, a resin solution cast in film form over an endless belt is pre-hardened by a gas stream supplied for flow in a direction generally parallel to the surface of the endless belt, and then a jet of gas is blown in the direction of movement of the endless belt whereby the resin is hardened. In the process for resin film production wherein the resin film is cast over the endless belt and then pre-hardened by a parallel gas stream, the cast film being then hardened by a jet of gas, the installation for production is divided by partitions so as to enable various stages to be operated independently.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for injection molding of continuous molded products employs a single endless flexible mold band having multiple injection ports revolving in registration with a rotating cylindrical mold member. This cylindrical mold member comprises a wide wheel rim or a circumferential wall on a rotating drum. Continuous mold cavities extend in parallel relationship circumferentially around the periphery of the cylindrical mold member. Injection ports in the mold band are kept in alignment with these mold cavities by sprocket teeth of the mold member engaging with sprocket holes in margins of the band. Fluid plastic material (either thermoplastic material or thermosetting material) is injected through these ports into the mold cavities. When injecting thermoplastic material, heaters warm the cylindrical mold member and band prior to injection; then coolers chill them for cooling the thermoplastic material for solidifying it.

Abstract: An end portion-treating method and apparatus for manufacturing a synthetic resin film by first extruding through a slit die or coating with the use of a coater onto or on a conveyor belt or drum a fluid synthetic resin composition in a smooth layer form, and then solidifying it. Gas is blown at both end portions of the film of the fluid synthetic resin composition extruded onto the surface of the conveyor belt or drum to change the sectional form of both end portions. A synthetic resin film is obtained without creasing in the process of drying or cooling of the film or lifting of the film off the surface of the conveyor belt. A film of superior quality is thus provided. Also, since both longitudinal end portions of the film need not be trimmed off and discarded, the film manufacturing effifiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced substantially.

Abstract: Processes for extruding thermoplastic coatings on substrates are provided by this invention. The processes include directing a substrate between two pressure roll means wherein one of the pressure roll means has a temperature less than the melting point of the thermoplastic. Next, the processes include providing a molten curtain of thermoplastic which is then directed with a current of a fluid medium, such as compressed air, so as to cause at least a first portion of the molten curtain to contact the first pressure roll means for a time sufficient to form a thermoplastic sheet. Next, the processes include extruding at least this thermoplastic sheet with the substrate between the two pressure roll means so as to form an extruded substrate having a thermoplastic layer which is separable from the substrate.

Abstract: A thermoplastic sheet is prepared by (i) extruding a molten thermoplastic resin in the form of a sheet from a molding die; (ii) applying static charges to the extruded resin sheet from a first electrode whereby the charged resin sheet is pinned to the surface of an electrical insulating layer of a quenching roller to quench the resin sheet; (iii) peeling the quenched sheet from the surface of the quenching roller; and (v) applying electrostatic charges having a reverse polarity to that of the electrostatic charges from the first electrode to the exposed surface portion of the quenching roller from a second electrode. The quenching roller is made of an electrically earthed substrate and the electrical insulating layer formed on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: In a cast film process, a thin sheet of semi-molten resin is extruded from a die and directed onto a rotating cylinder such that the transverse length of the sheet and the rotational axis of the cylinder are parallel to one another. During this stage of the process, it is desired to prevent air from entering and subsequently being trapped between the film and the casting surface of the rotating cylinder. Ultimately, entrapped air results in localized film distortion and non-uniform heat dissipation from the film. The cast film process employs an air deflector to deflect this laminar air flow layer which is entrained with the surface of the rotating cylinder before it can be forced between the casting surface and the film. The elimination or substantial reduction of the tangential velocity of the entrained air layer provides more uniform adherence of the extruded film to the casting surface.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymer film includes the step of extruding a molten thermoplastic polymer through a die provided with neck-down prevention pieces onto a rotating cooling drum, and cooling the polymer to solidify, wherein the neck-down prevention pieces are made of aluminum or alumina and provided with a cooling device.

Abstract: An apparatus for laying a mat of fibrous material which includes an upwardly inclined belt onto which the fibrous material is fed, one or more combing roller located above the belt, a stripping roller at the upper end of the belt for removing the material from the belt and passing it into a mechanism for laying the material into a mat. The angle of inclination of the incline belt and the position of the first combing roller as such that the material can build up to reach a critical angle of repose and then slide back down. A second combing roller located upstream of the first combing roller serves to comb the material to a constant depth, and the speed of the incline belt is adjustable to determine the amount of material leaving the incline belt and thus regulate the thickness of the formed mat.

Abstract: A device to detect the loss of a continuous spun web of plexifilament fibers exiting a forwarding apparatus depends on the manner in which the filaments oscillate in a cross machine direction prior to depositing onto a collecting surface. The loss of these fibers, due to hang up in the filament forwarding device, can cause multiple position spinning machine loss due to the knock down of nearby spinning positions or wrap the sheet on forwarding rolls. The hang up in the forwarding device is referred to as a blow-up. This invention detects the instant a blow-up occurs through the loss of electrostatic charge due to the absence of the oscillating swath at the sensor. When the instant charge is lost at the sensor, a signal indicates a blow-up has occurred.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing silicone gel sheet comprising a material supplying means which supplies kneaded silicone gel material to a nozzle, a nozzle which admits to flow silicone gel material supplied from said material supplying means and is provided with a discharging port which is open to be narrow and long, at least one movable receiving means which receives a sheet-formed strip made of silicone gel material discharged from said nozzle and moves in accordance with the discharging speed of the sheet-formed strip, and a heating section for heating and gelling the sheet-formed strip made of silicone gel material on said movable receiving means.

Abstract: A film manufacturing method which utilizes a trough storing a liquid therein. The liquid surface of the liquid forms a developing region in which a monomolecular film of organic molecules is developed. The developed monomolecular film is compressed by a barrier to a predetermined surface pressure. A workpiece having a build-up surface is moved by a vertical moving mechanism in a direction perpendicular to the developing region through the monomolecular film while being moved ahead of the build-up surface in a horizontal direction by a horizontal moving mechanism, so that the monomolecular film is built up on the build-up surface.

Abstract: Device for the continuous manufacture of manufactured articles reinforced with mixtures of hydraulic binders and consisting of:a conveyor belt;a plurality `A` of process stations for the formation of superimposed thin and uniform layers of a net of a hydraulic binder mix, each station consisting of:a feeder of the reinforced net 4;a wetting and degassing device 5 of the net 4;a means 2 for metering the binders mix;a section 7 for feeding and laying the net 4 on the conveyor belt 1;compacting elements 16;a means 6 for the extraction of water during the compacting state; anda second metering device 2' for the hydraulic binders mix;a levelling and sizing station 23;a final water-extracting station 26;a pressing station 27;a longutudinal and cross-cutting station 35, anda gathering station 36 for the produced plates.

Abstract: A molten film extruded from a slot die onto a take-off drum in a cooling system is first cooled on the circumferential surface of the take-off drum and by the ambient air, is subsequently passed into the water bath of a water trough in which the take-off drum is immersed, and finally is transferred from the water bath of the water trough into a post-cooling water bath, in which the film solidifies to an intermediate film having a desired final temperature of approximately 40.degree. C. When the film leaves the take-off drum, the partially solidified molten film has a mean temperature T.sub.u of between 100.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. For optimization of the dwell time of the molten film in the cooling system and in the post-cooling water bath, the drum diameter D of the take-off drum and the length L of the post-cooling water bath are determined by a specific relationship.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cooling a melt strip from a wide-slot die includes a cooling roller driven at a predetermined angular velocity and juxtaposed with a corona-discharge electrode in the form of a rotation symmetrical rigid bar which is rotated about its axis at an angular velocity much greater than that of the cooling roller. The rotating corona-discharge electrode can be received in a nonrotatable insulating chamber having air inlets on a side opposite a slot-shaped outlet training ionized air onto the melt strip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous production of polymers and copolymers of water-soluble monomers particularly acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, optionally with additional comonomers, by the polymerization of an aqueous monomer solution that is introduced into the trough that is formed by an endless conveyor belt. The trough-like shape of the conveyor belt changes continuously into an extended flat profile during the polymerization process; starting from the side edges and working towards the center of the trough formed by the conveyor belt, the resulting polymer gel strand is released continuously during the transition of the curved trough-like shape of the conveyor belt into the extended, flat form.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously applying a plurality of liquid coating compositions to a moving web by the method of multi-layer coating; wherein the lowermost layer is comprised of water, with the wet coverage of water on the web being 2 cm.sup.3 or less per square meter (m.sup.2) of the web, and the layer immediately above the lowermost layer comprising a water-soluble coating solution having a viscosity greater than water and which is greater in thickness than the lowermost layer.

Abstract: A smooth film web is used as a smoothing surface in the nip between a cooling roll and a pressure roll. The pressure roll need not be coolable, and it preferably has an elastic surface layer. Since the elastic surface layer does not come into immediate contact with the extruded web, it need not be highly polished. Consequently, a high running time is achieved.

Abstract: Films such as LLDPE extruded through a slot-die and drawn under high Deborah number conditions behave like elastic solids and exhibit draw resonance which is alleviated by heating the film after it exits the extruder, e.g., with radiant heaters.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the method, products and apparatus for the manufacture of a high optical quality sheet of plastic comprising a polyurethane layer having energy-absorbing properties obtained by reactive pouring or reactive pulverization of the reaction components.In accordance with the invention, the polyurethane layer is treated, while it is in a state of ongoing polymerization corresponding to an NCO/CH ratio of less than 0.7, with water in a liquid or vapor form and then subsequently, after rolling with an interpolated film, stocking and unrolling, the layer is subjected to heat treatment.

Abstract: A method for continuous injection molding of thermoplastic materiall into three-dimensional sheets having a projection extending from a substantially uniform backing layer. An extrusion die having a face matching the surface of a rotatable mold drum with cavities therein provides molten thermoplastic material simultaneously into the cavities to form the projections and onto the surface to form the backing layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a conveyor belt made of urethane having reinforcement embedded therein which reinforcement permits the stretching of the belt under controlled conditions. The reinforcement consists of a fabric or a plurality of aligned strands that are embedded in the urethane body of the belt proper that allow for a controlled stretch in the conveyor belt under such fabric or cords limit the stretching of such belt.

Abstract: Cast film on the basis of low-density polyethylene is prepared by extruding the molten polymer at temperatures of the melt at the die gap of below 200.degree. C. Films that have been prepared this way have special mono-axial orientation as a result of which the mechanical properties are improved.

Abstract: Acrylic resin sheets having an excellent heat moldability and solvent resistance are prepared by:(1) preparing a syrup of methyl methacrylate or a monomer mixture comprising at least 60 weight % of methyl methacrylate and not more than 40 weight % of an acrylic acid ester by partially polymerizing the monomer or monomers in the presence of 0.01 to 2.0 weight %, based on the monomer or monomers, of a chain transfer agent, as well as a polymerization initiator; and(2) incorporating the thus-prepared syrup with 0.02 to 1.0 weight %, based on the syrup, of a cross-linking agent, and subjecting the resulting mixture of cast polymerization under such conditions that if the crosslinking agent is not present, the intrinsic viscosity of the completely polymerized sheet is in the range of 0.05 to 0.12 l/g.

Abstract: In the process for the production of thin, biaxially stretched films from polypropylene, the latter is melted in an extruder and extruded from a slot die over the surface of a take-off roll. The plastic melt cooled on the surface of the take-off roll into an intermediate film is temperature-treated in the region of the take-off roll in a zone and the intermediate film is subsequently biaxially stretched and heat-set in a known way. At a take-off roll temperature T.sub.W of between 10.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., blowing air of a temperature T.sub.L greater than/equal to 30.degree. C. is blown onto the film surface on the air side not in contact with the circumferential surface of the take-off roll, the duration for this temperature treatment being at least 1.5 seconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous production of pipes with cross-profiled walls from a pipe strand of thermoplastic plastic emerging in still plastic state from an extrusion nozzle.

Abstract: A process improvement for preparing thermoplastic polymeric film, preferably of polyethylene terephthalate, by extruding a web in melt form onto a quench drum with a surface roughness of at least 3 microinches. In casting webs of less than about 5 mils in thickness the improvement involves drawing the melt to a melt drawdown ratio of less than about 25 and spacing the die lips from the quench roll at less than about 120 mils, preferably 20 to 80 mils. It is also preferred that the flow stability index be greater than 5.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of foam materials, wherein the foaming and/or foamed synthetic starting material is passed through the pressure zone (4) of a continuously operating press (1), and in which method at least a part of the heat required for foaming is produced in the synthetic starting material itself as dielectric heat of an electromagnetic high-frequency condenser field, wherein production of this heat in the starting material takes place at least to its greatest part within a high-frequency condenser field which is arranged in the direction of passage (8) of the material through the press (1) in front of the pressure zone (4), and that in order to supply additional heat into the foaming and/or foamed starting material or in order to prevent or delay its surface cooling, at least one of the electrodes (10, 11) between which prevails the high-frequency field and/or at least one of the pressure surfaces of the press may be heated.

Abstract: An apparatus for making an embossed gypsum panel on a conveyor including an embossing device mounted on a movable device such that the embossing device can be moved to the optimum location for embossing.

Abstract: Juxtaposed nozzle openings apply the same or different melts to the surface of a moving cooler surface for producing thin metal strips or foils with a considerable width. The nozzle openings can be staggered in the direction of movement of the cooler surface and apply different materials to produce a metal strip with juxtaposed and sharply defined regions with different characteristics. Amorphous or mixed amorphous/crystalline, or solely crystalline material structures can also be produced. Alternatively, different cooling capacities on different cooler surface areas and different structuring of different cooler surface areas permit the melt to solidify on the cooler surface such that the strips or foils obtained have adjacent regions with different metallic and/or geometrical structures. By geometrical configuration of the cooler surface, foils with a structured surface or with shape-limited individual regions can be used for mass production of small parts from sheet or strip material.

Abstract: A coating method and apparatus using an extrusion head to apply a liquid film to a running web. The thickness of the film is measured at two transverse points and a roller conveying the web is tilted to correct any difference. The amount of tilt per roller with a roller bearing span of 750 mm is 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably 0.5 to 15 mm.

Abstract: An extrusion die for two-ply seamless plastic tubing, includes an extrusion head with a first nozzle provided with a first centering means; a first hollow mandrel placed within said nozzle; an elongate carrier bearing a second mandrel, a second nozzle and a spider in turn supporting a distributor splitting an extrudate. The first nozzle and the distributor define a first annular extrusion orifice for an outer parison of the tubing while the second nozzle and the second mandrel define a second annular extrusion orifice for the inner parison of the tubing. A threaded member longitudinally adjusts said carrier to vary the size of the first extrusion orifice. A coupling means interconnects the carrier and the first mandrel and allows only the axial, without rotation, movement of the carrier. A second centering means mounts the distributor uniformly spaced around the spider.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a polyphenylene sulfide film, which comprises melt-molding polyphenylene sulfides in a sheet-like form from a die, casting the thus obtained sheet-like form onto a chilled drum on which an adhering liquid has been applied, while closely contacting the sheet-like form with the chilled drum surface by an electrostatic pinning method.

Abstract: Device for the continuous manufacture of manufactured articles reinforced with mixtures of hydraulic binders and consisting of:a conveyor belt;a plurality `A` of process stations for the formation of superimposed thin and uniform layers of a net of a hydraulic binder mix, each station consisting of:a feeder of the reinforced net 4;a wetting and degassing device 5 of the net 4;a means 2 for metering the binders mix;a section 7 for feeding and laying the net 4 on the conveyor belt 1;compacting elements 16;a means 6 for the extraction of water during the compacting state; anda second metering device 2' for the hydraulic binders mix;a levelling and sizing station 23;a final water-extracting station 26;a pressing station 27;a longitudinal and cross-cutting station 35, and a gathering station 36 for the produced plates.

Abstract: Plastic foam insulation panels are fabricated in a continuous elongated strip by an apparatus comprising upper and lower generally horizontally extending conveyors which form a support for the foam material during the expansion and solidification thereof. The thickness of the panel is determined by the vertical spacing between adjacent runs of the respective conveyors and the panel width is determined by spaced apart longitudinally extending sideplates which, together with the upper and lower conveyor runs define the cross-sectional dimensions of the insulation panel. The sideplates are mounted on laterally extending arms secured to spaced apart support stanchions and the position of the respective sideplates may be adjusted to vary the width of the panel.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the continuous production of articles or coatings with contours wherein a liquid material is introduced at one end into the mold cavity formed between at least two travelling continous shaping faces, said material being cured in the mold cavity and subsequently removed from the mold, characterized in that (i) the travelling faces are moved downwards at least in the region of the material feed, (ii) the stream of material supplied is moved to and fro transversely to the direction of advance of the faces, and (iii) the quantity of material supplied is controlled so as to fill the mold cavity with a uniform coating and an apparatus for use therein.

Abstract: A machine for building a dome or sphere has an extruder that extrudes part of a wall of a dome or sphere from fluid material which hardens on extrusion as the extruder travels around a center axis. A ramp allows the extruder to gradually ride up onto the initial wall so that another partial wall of the sphere can be formed. The extruder continuously moves along its own produced track in a spiral path to ultimately form a dome or sphere, as desired.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a magnetic liquid to a moving web by using an extruder head for ejecting the magnetic liquid onto the web. A by-pass line for returning the liquid to a feed source through a changeover valve is provided immediately upstream to the extruder head. The liquid is supplied to the by-pass line through the valve after the extruder head is filled with the liquid before the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof. The position of the valve is shifted at the time of the first starting of the application or the resumption thereof so as to supply the liquid to the head to perform the application.

Abstract: The present invention of an extrusion machine for forming prestressed concrete cored slabs includes a mechanism for cutting and core-plugging a molded concrete slab into sections having both ends plugged. The extrusion machine is capable of forming several transverse ribs at intermediate positions along the slab. The mechanism includes a cutting blade, blade cylinder, blade vibrator, supplement feed device, supplement feed plate, supplement feed plate cylinder, a hydraulic system and means for movement of the machine. The extrusion machine is able to produce directly high quality prestressed concrete cored narrow and large size slab units.

Abstract: Synthetic resin plates having an irregular flow pattern of different colors are prepared by continuously polymerizing polymerizable materials in a polymerization zone defined by confronting surfaces of two confronting and running endless belts and gaskets held between the confronting surfaces of the belts. Polymerizable materials of different colors are supplied in the polymerizable material supply region close to the upstream end of the polymerization zone by a plurality of supply means, each of which includes at least one polymerizable material supply opening to the polymerizable material supply region. The supply means are arranged in such a manner that they are spaced from one another in the direction of travel of the belts.

Abstract: An auger assembly is provided which includes a core, the surface of which increases in diameter from the upstream end towards the downstream end. The auger flighting upon the core, however, maintains a constant diameter from the upstream end towards the downstream end so that the depth of flighting gradually decreases to zero at the downstream end. This means that the maximum thrust against the concrete being augered occurs at a negative angle of approximately 105.degree., said thrust being at right angles to the surface of the core. This produces a negative flow of the concrete thus contradicting the free concrete flow required in order to provide the necessary bond between the concrete and the cables. The present invention reduces this surface angle to an angle of approximately 90.degree., or having the surface substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for the continuous production of elongate hollow bodies or inner linings for such hollow bodies, from a liquid material wherein the peripheral surface of a mandrel rotating about a horizontal or slightly inclined shaft is covered with a separating film and the liquid material is applied to said separating film and the resulting hollow body is continuously from the mandrel in the axial direction of the shaft while observing the solidification speed of the material, the improvement wherein the separating film is applied to the mandrel in the axial direction of the shaft.

Abstract: A method for producing a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film by slot-die extrusion from an extrudate having an inherent draw resonance tendency whereby draw resonance is eliminated in the production of film at high speeds. Film of commercially uniform gauge thickness is obtained having significantly improved strength over films formed by conventional slot-die extrusion of LLDPE.

Abstract: Extruded polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sheet roughness is controlled by use of PVB resin lightly cross-linked through stable intermolecular linkages.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing webs of synthetic thermoplastics comprises a machine frame, a cooling roller mounted in said machine frame and provided with drive means, and an extrusion die mounted in said machine frame and spaced above said cooling roller and connected to a supply line for molten plastic material and having a die slot which faces the cooling roller and is parallel to a generatrix of said roller, also comprising two electrodes, which in the direction of rotation of the cooling roller precede the slot and are disposed adjacent to the lateral end portions of the slot and mounted in the machine frame and directed toward the cooling roller, and electric cables electrically connected to the electrodes and to the cooling roller. The electrodes consist of brush electrodes consisting of wire ends arranged like a brush.

Abstract: Juxtaposed nozzle openings apply the same or different melts to the surface of a moving cooler surface for producing thin metal strips or foils with a considerable width. The nozzle openings can be staggered in the direction of movement of the cooler surface and apply different materials to produce a metal strip with juxtaposed and sharply defined regions with different characteristics. Amorphous or mixed amorphous/-crystalline, or solely crystalline material structures can also be produced. Alternatively, different cooling capacities on different cooler surface areas and different structuring of different cooler surface areas permit the melt to solidify on the cooler surface such that the strips or foils obtained have adjacent regions with different metallic and/or geometrical structures. By geometrical configuration of the cooler surface, foils with a structured surface or with shape-limited individual regions can be used for mass production of small parts from sheet or strip material.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous extrusion of metals in which feed is introduced into a circumferential groove 26 (FIG. 3) in a rotating wheel 2 to contact arcuate tooling 22 and an abutment 24. The abutment 4 is spaced from the walls of the groove 26 so that in operation a lining of the feed material is produced. Indentations 52 assist in holding the lining in place. The extrusion is generally in a radial direction through an aperture 58. The extrusion orifices (not shown) may be of part annular cross-section of different area. The extrusion aperture may extend from outside the groove 26 to permit of increased orifice area.