Abstract: A portion capsule for producing a beverage has a capsule body with a capsule base and a filling side. A cavity for accommodating a pulverulent or liquid beverage base is formed between the capsule base and the filling side, and a filter element is arranged between the beverage base and the capsule base The filter element includes an open-pore felt and/or nonwoven. The felt and/or the nonwoven have/has an average first pore size in a first region which faces the beverage base and an average second pore size in a second region which faces the capsule base, wherein the first pore size is smaller than the second pore size.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a beverage using a beverage formation device. Opening of a brew chamber may automatically enable the provision of beverage precursor liquid from a reservoir to a heating tank that is used (heated or not) to form a beverage. For example, opening of the brew chamber may cause a valve to be opened or otherwise permit flow of beverage precursor liquid from the reservoir to the heating tank. The valve may open simultaneously and automatically with a brew chamber lid, and may close when the brew chamber lid is closed.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions, formulations, and intermediates are provided which may be utilized to formulate various sweeteners and other products. The formulations described herein are made from constituents found in soils or fossilized soils.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device (1), suitable for use with a beverage machine of the type comprising a code reader, the device (1) comprising: an inlet (40) for receiving, in use, heated water from a water supply of the beverage machine; and an outlet (43) through which said heated water can be dispensed; the device (1) further comprising a plurality of codes (19), each other plurality of codes (19) containing information relating to one or more dispensation parameters of the beverage machine; the device (1) being configurable by a user such that the user can choose one of the plurality of codes (19) to be read by the code reader of the beverage machine during a dispensation operation in order to set one or more dispensation parameters o the beverage machine.

Abstract: Fruit skin drink, fruit skin bag, and dried fruit skin (porous bag containing fruit skin fragments for consumption) provides consumers with a healthy food option. Fruit skin drink, fruit skin bag, and dried fruit skin includes at least one porous paper bag having perforations in an exterior surface and an inner volume. The inner volume contains at least one shredded particle of said fruit skin fragments peeled from at least one fruit and dried; and at least one seasoning. The porous bag contains the fruit skin fragments, and the at least one seasoning in combination. The fruit skin fragments provide a user-consumer with vitamins and antioxidants. The fruit is peeled to a depth of about ½ to 1½ mm and then washed to remove dirt and pesticides and dried to form the fruit skin fragments. The fruit skin fragments are sun-dried after removal from the fruit(s).

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly for preparing a beverage suitable for consumption. To that end, the assembly is provided with at least a first covering and a first ingredient included in the at least first covering, the first ingredient comprising a substance such as milk powder/creamer, sugar and like additives soluble or extractable in a liquid such as water. The assembly is further provided with a second ingredient, the second ingredient comprising a soluble or extractable substance such as ground coffee or tea while the second ingredient forms part of a substantially rigid body.

Abstract: Soy protein products which can be reconstituted to provide an aqueous acidic solution having a preferred level of clarity are produced by extracting a soy protein source with an aqueous calcium chloride solution to cause solubilization of soy protein from the protein source and separating the resulting aqueous soy protein solution from residual soy protein source. Either, within about 20 minutes of separation step, the aqueous soy protein solution is diluted to a conductivity of less than about 90 mS and the pH of the aqueous soy protein solution is adjusted to about 1.5 to about 4.4 to produce an acidified soy protein solution having an absorbance of visible light at 600 nm (A600) of less than about 0.055, or, within about 40 minutes of the separation step, the aqueous soy protein solution is diluted to a conductivity of less than about 90 mS, the pH of the aqueous soy protein solution is adjusted to about 1.5 to about 4.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for forming at least a portion of a beverage from a co-milled powdered composition. An amount of a co-milled powdered composition is combined with a fluid to produce at least a portion of a beverage. The co-milled powdered composition is obtained from co-milling together at least one powdered ingredient having a difficult to disperse or dissolve portion with one or more dispersion facilitator components to form a co-milled powder effective to enhance the dispersion or dissolving of the powder when forming a food or beverage.

Abstract: A beverage forming method and system employing the introduction of air into the heater tank and/or an expansion chamber after liquid delivery is complete. An expansion chamber may be provided at the top of the heater tank and provide a tortuous flow path from an air inlet to the tank outlet.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing a predetermined quantity of beverage suitable for consumption using an extractable product is disclosed. The system comprises at least one disposable capsule; an apparatus comprising a fluid dispensing device for supplying an amount of fluid, such as water, to the at least one disposable capsule, a receptacle for accommodating the at least one disposable capsule, and an outlet arrangement for supplying the beverage to a container, such as a cup. The at least one disposable capsule comprises a chamber for enclosing an inner space comprising the extractable product. The capsule further comprises a displaceable body conceived to interact with an entrance area and an exit area of the capsule for discontinuing the entrance area and the exit area thereby enabling the chamber to pass fluidum there through.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cartridge for a beverage preparation system, the cartridge comprising an inlet for the introduction of an aqueous medium into the cartridge, an outlet downstream of the inlet for the discharge of a beverage from the cartridge and a flow path connecting the inlet to the outlet, wherein the flow path includes within it a non-gelled beverage liquid concentrate containing about 0.01 to about 5 weight % in total of one or more thickeners. The cartridge may comprise an aperture having a cross-sectional area of 2 mm2 or less downstream of a chamber in which the beverage liquid concentrate is loaded. The beverage concentrate may comprise methyl cellulose and at least one alginate in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 to provide improved the organoleptic properties such as mouthfeel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a woven mesh. The woven mesh comprises polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate). The present invention also relates to associated uses and systems of the woven mesh.

Abstract: A single serve beverage dispensing device having a water reservoir from which water is drawn and ionized to produce alkaline water, which is returned to the water reservoir, and acidic water, which is routed to a waste water reservoir. The dispensing device includes a capsule holder for holding a beverage capsule including a powdered beverage media. The device includes a dispensing arm which punctures through the beverage capsule to and delivers the alkaline water into the capsule to mix with the beverage media. The beverage flows upward to exit the beverage capsule, and is then dispensed into a beverage receptacle.

Abstract: A pulse protein product, which may be an isolate, produces heat-stable solutions at low pH values and is useful for the fortification of acidic beverages such as soft drinks and sports drinks without precipitation of protein. The pulse protein product is obtained by extracting a pulse protein source material with an aqueous calcium salt solution to form an aqueous pulse protein solution, separating the aqueous pulse protein solution from residual pulse protein source, adjusting the pH of the aqueous pulse protein solution to a pH of about 1.5 to about 4.4 to produce an acidified pulse protein solution, which may be dried, following optional concentration and diafiltration, to provide the pulse protein product.

Abstract: Processes are provided for extracting color comprising anthocyanin and antioxidants from hibiscus flowers. Dried or wet flowers or flower particles are soaked in water to release color from the flowers. The released anthocyanin and antioxidants are suspended in water and separated from the solid components using centrifugation, filtration, water flotation, pressing, or any combination of separation techniques. The hibiscus color may be concentrated into a color concentrate and stabilized with a stabilizing agent, such as, for example, a sugar alcohol having a 2 to 12 carbon backbone, at a pH value in the range of about 2 to about 6. Residual hibiscus color in the solid hibiscus components may be collected by mixing the components with water and then separating the residual hibiscus color using any one or more separation techniques. The residual hibiscus color may also be concentrated and stabilized with the hibiscus color or the color concentrate.

Abstract: Generally described are extracts and beverages with enhanced nutrients, flavors and textures and methods of making the same. Some embodiments relate to extracts and beverages produced through high pressure extraction techniques.

Abstract: Processes for converting by-products of citrus, such as peels and juice from juice sacs attached to the peel after hand or mechanical peeling into high quality dietary fiber, naringin, juice, and oil. The processes involve pressing peels to release juice from vesicles and then grinding peels in water to create a slurry. Peel color and oil is removed by a flotation technique. Decolorized citrus peel particles—or pulp—are debittered with water in steps of boiling and washing. Dietary fiber obtained after debittering is dried and packaged for commercial use. The process promotes environmental responsibility by reducing standard citrus waste—a high BOD waste product, by overcoming discharging problems with industrial waste, by converting an environmentally undesirable product—peels, juice, and oils—into a value-added ingredient, by drastically reducing discharge and penalty cost of waste, and by eliminating the use of solvents that generate pollution.

Abstract: A beverage dispenser and methods of use for combining at least one beverage ingredient with a diluting ingredient to form a beverage. In one embodiment, the beverage ingredient is coffee or tea and the diluting ingredient is water. The beverage ingredient is retained in a container which is positioned in the beverage dispenser. The ingredient is mixed with water at least in part in the container for dispensing into a receptacle positioned relative to the dispenser. In one embodiment, the beverage ingredient is a liquid form of beverage concentrate packaged in a disposable container. The beverage dispenser includes mechanisms and assemblies which form a single opening in the container to allow water to enter and exit the container through the single opening in the container to release and mix the beverage ingredient.

Abstract: A method for preparing a liquid comestible from a cell by passing liquid through the substance using centrifugal forces, wherein gas contained in the cell is controllably purged from the cell as liquid fills the cell. In one embodiment, the method includes prewetting the substance in the cell by filling liquid in the cell and rotating the cell at a first rotational speed; and then extracting the liquid comestible from the cell in an extraction phase which comprises continuing to fill liquid into the cell and rotating the cell at a second rotational speed that is higher than the first rotational speed. The invention also discloses a cell for use in these methods which cell includes a filter for preventing solids from being carried by gas during the gas purge.

Abstract: A novel canola protein isolate including predominantly 2S canola protein and having equal to better solubility properties and improved clarity properties, has an increased proportion of 2S canola protein and a decreased proportion of 7S canola protein. The novel canola protein isolate is formed by heat treatment or isoelectric precipitation of aqueous supernatant from canola protein micelle formation and precipitation, to effect precipitation of 7S protein which is sedimented and removed. Alternatively, the novel canola protein isolate may be derived from a selective membrane procedure in which an aqueous canola protein solution containing 12S, 7S and 2S canola proteins is subjected to a first selective membrane technique to retain 12S and 7S canola proteins in a retentate, which is dried to provide a canola protein isolate including predominantly 7S canola protein, and to permit 2S canola protein to pass through the membrane.

Abstract: The production of starch containing products such as rice for use in a low glycemic diet as a carbohydrate substitute in diet preparations is disclosed. The preparation may be readily adjusted in form and taste with respect to aroma, texture, consistency, and flavor for utilization in a number of food preparation techniques including baking and frying. The method provides digestible starches from native and commercial starches by controlled heating and/or enzymatic processing and filtration of carbohydrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in the preparation of beverages and, in particular, to an improved cartridge for preparing beverages in brewing machines. The cartridges can also be used for preparing liquid food products. The cartridge comprises a continuous elongate tubular chamber containing the at least one ingredient providing a fluid flow path linking an inlet for the introduction of the liquid at one end of the chamber to an outlet for discharge of the beverage or food product at an opposite end of the chamber. The chamber has an internal width to length ratio in the range of 1:4 to 1:200.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for brewing a beverage in a brewing apparatus, wherein a cartridge containing infusible material is connected to a brew chamber and will form the bottom of the brew chamber. By the introduction of air through the filter of the cartridge, water and infusible material are mixed, and an effective brewing process is conducted. After brewing the beverage is discharged into a receptacle through the filter of the cartridge, leaving infusible material behind in the cartridge. The invention also provides a cartridge for use in the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brewing device for extracting portion capsules, comprising first and second brewing chamber elements, wherein the first brewing chamber element can move between a loading position, in which the first and second brewing chamber elements are spaced apart from one another, and an extraction position, in which the first and second brewing chamber elements are brought closer together in order to form a closed brewing chamber, and wherein during movement the first brewing chamber element carries out a linear displacement along an axial direction when the first and second brewing chamber elements are spaced apart from one another, and additionally carries out a pivoting movement about a pivot axis perpendicular to the axial direction when the first and second brewing chamber elements are brought together at least to some extent.

Abstract: A capsule-based beverage production machine that comprises a module designed for producing a beverage on the basis of ingredients which are contained in a capsule. The module comprises: means for retaining the capsule in a fixed position, and means for perforation of the capsule, wherein the perforation means are controlled to perforate the capsule after the capsule is retained in the fixed position by the retaining means.

Abstract: A container that enables a food product with one or more pieces of solid food, such as soup, to be made utilizing a brewing machine. The container can be configured to hermetically contain a soup extract and dried pieces of solid food. The container can be pierceable to accommodate an injection of water into the container for combination with the soup extract to produce a broth, and an outflow of the broth from the bottom of the container. The container can also contain one or more inner chambers holding solid food pieces in an isolated location that can be kept separate and dry from both the water that flows into the container as well from the broth that is produced when the soup extract is infused with the water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beverage cartridge for use in a beverage preparation machine, the cartridge being formed from substantially water-impermeable materials and comprising an inlet for the introduction of an aqueous medium into the cartridge and an outlet for discharge of a beverage produced from the aqueous medium and one or more beverage ingredients contained in the cartridge, wherein the one or more beverage ingredients includes one or more discrete edible components which are substantially insoluble in the aqueous medium and which, in use, are dispensed from the cartridge with the beverage.

Abstract: The invention provides a beverage substance cartridge, a tea filtering apparatus, a beverage producing equipment, a beverage producing system and a beverage producing method to solve the problem in the present technology that people eat tea leaf powder when drinking tea from present tea brewing equipment and it is troublesome to clear away tea leaf powder in the equipment. The invention could efficiently filter tea leaves and get rid of the trouble of clearing away used tea leaves manually. The beverage substance cartridge is used in conjunction with the tea filtering apparatus, the piercing point of the triangular pyramid structure could pierce the sealing cover of the beverage substance cartridge and then form matrix-shaped filtering holes in the sealing cover, brewed tea water could flow out, and used tea leaf is left in the extracting cartridge, so the filtering process is simple and convenient without clearing away tea leaves manually.

Abstract: According to the invention, the object is achieved by providing all necessary conditions at optimum level to produce plant and plant parts having higher nutrients and secondary metabolites, when compared to normal plants or grown in tap water. Formulated solution containing balanced nutrients, higher levels of targeted nutrient, required pH, single or multiple eliciting factors, required concentrations of natural preservatives and maintained at required temperature and light facilitated to achieve the above object.

Abstract: A liquid infusion and/or brewing process is described. The process includes the steps of placing a desired amount of an infusion material into a chamber at atmospheric pressure, placing a desired amount of liquid into said chamber, sealing said chamber from the surrounding atmosphere, and applying at least one reduced pressure cycle within said chamber, wherein said at least one cycle comprises reducing pressure within said chamber to form at least a partial vacuum within said chamber and subsequently returning said chamber to about atmospheric pressure. Methods for separating the brewing media from the liquid after completion of the brewing process are also described.

Abstract: The present invention has as an objective to provide an apparatus for brewing a beverage that provides an attractive brewing experience for the consumer, which can perform an effective and efficient brewing process, and which also can be easily rinsed to remove any spent infusible material. These objectives have been met by a beverage brewing machine comprising an at least one water inlet port that is arranged at an angle of less than 4 degrees relative to the wall of the brew chamber to direct water around the wall of the brew chamber. The apparatus also provides for improved agitation of infusible material. Moreover a method is provided to brew a beverage using the brewing machine of the invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for brewing a beverage, which includes an elongated member having a plurality of disks stacked along an axis of the elongated member; a filter having at least one slot and adapted to fit over the plurality of disks; and an elongated housing member having first and second slots on opposite sides of the elongated housing member, wherein the elongated housing member is adapted to fit over the filter.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing machine includes: a first hydraulic circuit including a water source, a pump, a water heater, a brewing device selected from a brewing chamber and a capsule, the brewing device including an inlet and outlet, a beverage collector collecting brewed beverage leaving the brewing device and for dispensing the beverage to a container; and a second hydraulic circuit that includes a second pump and second water heater, the outlet of the second water heater being connected to the first circuit at a location that is downstream to the brewing device with respect to the water flow in the first circuit. The first circuit can maintain in the brewing device a pressure substantially constant for a pre-set time, the pressure being less that an opening pressure for the brewing device.

Abstract: The invention provides a beverage substance cartridge, a tea filtering apparatus, a beverage producing equipment, a beverage producing system and a beverage producing method to efficiently solve the problem that a tea brewing equipment of the present technology has problems like slow tea leaf extraction, long tea drinker waiting time, low tea water temperature, bad tea water taste, etc. The water filling apparatus of the beverage producing equipment fills hot water into the bottom of the beverage substance cartridge near the side wall of the cartridge body, and forms vortex in the beverage substance cartridge which speeds up extraction efficiently. Furthermore, inside convex edges are set at the side wall of the beverage cartridge and hot water temperature is high enough to strengthen extraction effects and then realize rapid brewing effects in the tea brewing equipment. The beverage producing equipment adopting the invention could be widely applied in offices and homes.

Abstract: A method for preparing a beverage through a capsule inserted in a beverage machine; the capsule comprising an enclosure containing one or more beverage ingredients, wherein a brewing fluid is introduced in the enclosure to brew the said one or more beverage ingredients, wherein a brewed liquid is filtered by a filtering wall and delivered from the capsule, wherein the filtering wall extends from substantially the bottom of the enclosure and said filtering wall is associated to an overflow wall that forces the brewed liquid to traverse at least one overflow aperture. The method is particularly suitable for brewing a tea containing capsule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements in the preparation of beverage and food products and, in particular, to an improved composition for preparing beverage and food products in machines. The composition is 10 prepared by the addition of a liquid to said composition and comprises one or more beverage or food ingredients and at least one preparation aid. The preparation aid comprises a plurality of bodies formed from a substantially insoluble material and the preparation aid is selected to have a 15 predetermined effect on the interaction between the liquid and the composition. The bodies have a diameter in the range of 0.1 mm to 200 mm, and preferably in the range of 1 to 20 mm or in the range of 100 to 200 mm.

Abstract: A method, system and cartridge for forming a beverage includes a cartridge having a container defining an interior space, a lid, a filter, and a beverage medium contained in the interior space. The filter may be attached to the lid only, and extend into the interior space to separate first and second chambers of the cartridge. The filter may hold the beverage medium and be arranged so that, when the lid is removed from the container, e.g., by peeling the lid from the container, the filter and beverage medium are removed together with the lid.

Abstract: A process of preparing a beverage from a beverage preparation chamber includes feeding water to the preparation chamber until a first pressure is reached, interrupting the flow of water to the preparation chamber, holding the preparation chamber in a closed condition for a first time interval, opening the outlet of the preparation chamber and delivering the thus prepared beverage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for infusing a substance to be infused having an infusion chamber for receiving the substance to be infused and for passing a pressurised water flow through the substance to be infused, the infusion chamber having an inlet portion (4) for feeding water into the infusion chamber and an outlet portion (2) for the infused beverage, the injection channel in fluid communication via an injection end with the inlet portion (4) and adapted for connection via an intake end (39) to a pressurised water circuit, characterised in that it comprises adjustable means for varying the water pressure in the injection channel, adapted for generating a water pressure difference between the intake end (39) and the injection end (40) and controlled by control means outside the infusion chamber.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of a foamy or creamy instant drink, wherein at least two capsules are sequentially injected with cold water to produce an instant milk-based drink, the first capsule to be injected comprising milk powder, a creamer component and sugar, the second capsule comprising milk powder, a soluble main flavour component and sugar.

Abstract: A capsule, device, system and method for preparing a liquid food or beverage. The capsule comprises an enclosure containing one or more extractable or infusible ingredients and configured and dimensioned to have a perimeter and be radially symmetrical about a central axis to facilitate rotation; and an opening arrangement that allows liquid food to leave the capsule after passing through the ingredient(s), wherein the opening arrangement is configured and positioned near or upon the perimeter of the enclosure to allow the liquid food to leave the capsule radially due to the application of the centrifugal forces. The method and device introduce liquid into the capsule to form the liquid food while applying centrifugal forces to the capsule to urge the liquid to pass through the ingredient(s).

Abstract: Apparatus and related methods for brewing or making individual servings of a brewed beverage with a manual pump brewer. The manual pump brewer can include a pump assembly and a brew chamber assembly, whereby user manipulation of the pump assembly directs a heated liquid through a brewing media to form a serving of a freshly brewed beverage. The manual pump brewer can include a filter assembly for directly brewing a beverage from a brewing media provided by a user. Alternatively, the manual pump brewer can receive individual pods having a single serving of a brewing media such that the pump assembly directs the heated liquid through the individual pod to brew each serving of the brewed beverage.

Abstract: A soy protein product having a protein content of at least about 60 wt % (N×6.25) d.b., preferably a soy protein isolate having a protein content of at least about 90 wt % (N×6.25) d.b., is prepared from a soy protein source material by extraction of the soy protein source material with an aqueous calcium salt solution, preferably calcium chloride solution, to cause solubilization of soy protein from the protein source and to form an aqueous soy protein solution, separating the aqueous soy protein solution from residual soy protein source, concentrating the aqueous soy protein solution while maintaining the ionic strength substantially constant by using a selective membrane technique, optionally diafiltering the concentrated soy protein solution, and drying the concentrated and optionally diafiltered soy protein solution.

Abstract: A cartridge for forming a beverage includes a container defining an interior space, a filter, a beverage medium contained in the interior space, and a filter guard. The filter may be arranged so that liquid that interacts with the beverage medium flows through the filter to exit the interior space. The container may include a surface arranged to be pierced by a piercing member to permit beverage to exit the container. The filter guard may be arranged to contact the piercing member to resist damage to the filter when the container surface is pierced. In one embodiment, the filter guard and filter may be in contact with the container surface that is pierced, yet damage to the filter that might be caused by the piercing element may be avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for extracting a cap (16) having a first part (2), a second part (3) which is movable with respect to the second part (2) which is provided with a space for the cap and defines the cap extracting position in a closed position thereof, an introduction and positioning part having the cap guiding elements (6, 7) which are arranged in such a way that it is possible to insert the cap by gravity force and position it in an intermediate position and a beverage pouring system (19) in which the second movable part (3) displaces the cap from the intermediate position to the extraction position.

Abstract: A single serve capsule (1) for the preparation of hot beverages such as coffee, cappuccino, tea or the like from soluble or ground preparations, having an outlet lid portion (1 b) located on a dispensing wall (F) in order to form a dispensing opening (11) after a liquid has been introduced into the capsule, as well as means for changing the area of said dispensing opening during the dispensing step of the beverage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a capsule and a device for preparing an infusion beverage, such as coffee, tea, or milk beverages. The capsule comprises two parallel extending wall sections, which are connected to each other by a sealing connection. A pressurized liquid or gaseous medium can be conducted through an access to the sealing connection of the capsule with the aid of a supply line in a holder of the device such that the sealing connection is partially undone. As a result, an opening is produced in the capsule. An infusion fluid can be conducted through the opening, wherein the fluid can then become mixed with a powder or granules present in the capsule into an infusion beverage. The infusion beverage can be discharged through a further opening.

Abstract: A brewing piston for infusion preparation, including a head associated with a filtering element, and a lateral surface having a first gasket in proximity to the head and a second gasket at a distance from the first gasket. The brewing piston includes a first conduit connected to the head and arranged to inject a liquid for infusion preparation, and a second conduit connected to the lateral surface between the gaskets and arranged to inject the liquid between the first gasket and the second gasket during infusion preparation. The piston is arranged to limit or avoid leaks in a machine for infusion preparation. Also included is a machine using the piston and a method of limiting or avoiding leaks in a machine for infusion preparation.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a fat-reduced soymilk having a reduced fat content, which is produced by separating a fat from a fat-containing soybean efficiently without relying on an organic solvent; and a novel fat-rich soybean material.

Abstract: A cartridge contains a beverage ingredient which comprises liquid beverage ingredient and elongate particles of beverage ingredient. The cartridge comprises an inlet (45) for the introduction of an aqueous medium, an outlet (44) for a beverage produced from the beverage ingredient, and a flow path linking the inlet to the outlet. The cartridge further comprises a filter (400) located in the flow path and an aperture (128) located in the flow path downstream of the filter, the aperture arranged, in use, to generate a jet of beverage. The filter has a plurality of openings (401) sized to retain a substantial portion of the elongate particles on the upstream side of the filter to prevent blockage of the aperture. The maximum area of each opening on the upstream face of the filter is no more than ten times the area of the aperture.