Abstract: In a liquid type display cell wherein a liquid crystal or an electrochromic substance is poured into the space between a pair of substrates through a pouring port of a spacer ring, the pouring port is sealed by an inorganic substance such as solder. Where the cell is provided with display electrodes and electrochromic layers on the electrodes, the display electrodes and the electrochromic layers are etched in one step to have the same pattern.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an image pickup tube target is disclosed, in which, in evaporating a porous Sb.sub.2 S.sub.3 film in a low pressure insert gas, the amount of pre-evaporation of Sb.sub.2 S.sub.3 is decreased as the number of times of repetitive use of an evaporation boat increases in which Sb.sub.2 S.sub.3 is placed for evaporation, whereby an Sb.sub.2 S.sub.3 film having a given porosity is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display cell having an alignment film therein. The present invention also relates to a method of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a selected direction in a liquid crystal display cell. An alignment film whose film growth is oriented in the same direction is deposited on an electrode film of a liquid crystal cell. The alignment film is used to align the molecules of a liquid crystal material. The film growth sympathetically aligns the molecules of liquid crystals in the direction of the film growth. A liquid crystal display cell which has two such alignment films therein is used to form a polarizing liquid crystal display cell.

Abstract: Applying a thin film coating to the surface of a workpiece, in particular, applying a coating of titanium nitride to a klystron window by means of a crossed-field diode sputtering array. The array is comprised of a cohesive group of numerous small hollow electrically conducting cylinders and is mounted so that the open ends of the cylinders on one side of the group are adjacent a titanium cathode plate. The workpiece is mounted so as to face the open ends of the other side of the group. A magnetic field is applied to the array so as to be coaxial with the cylinders and a potential is applied across the cylinders and the cathode plate, the cylinders as an anode being positive with respect to the cathode plate.

Abstract: Electrically-conductive films of tin oxide are prepared by a novel process utilizing gaseous chemical compounds which react to form a tin-fluorine bond at a temperature which is (1) high enough so that the newly-created tin-fluorine bond-bearing molecule remains in the vapor phase; and (2) low enough so that oxidation of the molecule occurs only after the indicated re-arrangement. Films prepared by the process of the invention are characterized by surface resistances as low as 1 ohm per square when the film thickness is as thin as about a micron. These films are also characterized by extremely good reflectance of infrared radiation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the type comprising outer and lower substrates, electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates, liquid crystal orientation layers covering the protective films, and a liquid crystal interposed between the liquid crystal orientation films, is manufactured by forming the liquid crystal orientation layers by depositing SiO onto the protective films at a definite deposition angle with respect to the protective films and at a vapor deposition speed which varies in accordance with the type of the liquid crystal used.

Abstract: A process of forming a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a glass substrate by contacting such face while at elevated temperature with droplets comprising a metal compound which by pyrolysis forms the coating metal or metal compound on the face, the improvement which comprises the steps of discharging at least one stream of the droplets at an inclination to the face so as to impinge on a zone within the face area to be coated, effecting a relative displacement between the stream and substrate so that the instantaneous zone of impingement of the stream on the face is progressively displaced along the face area to be coated, and creating suction forces in exhaust ducting whose entrance is located directly downstream from the impingement zone so as to cause gases environmental to the stream to flow continuously in the downstream direction away from the stream and from the vicinity of the impingement zone and directly into the ducting substantially without affecting the paths of the droplets toward the

Abstract: A process of forming a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a glass substrate which comprises the steps of contacting such face while it is at elevated temperature with a gaseous medium containing a substance in gaseous phase, which undergoes chemical reaction or decomposition to form the metal or metal compound on the face, causing the gaseous medium to flow along the face as a substantially turbulent-free layer along a flow passage which is defined in part by the face of the glass, and drawing residual medium away from the face through exhaust ducting into which the flow passage leads.

Abstract: Etching indium patterns on insulating supports with the use of an etchant-resistant mask, by means of a solution of an acid to which ferric chloride has been added. Passivation of the bath is prevented by adding ferric chloride.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell being capable of display with liquid crystal molecules aligned towards a predetermined direction has its display characteristics made greatly dependent on the properties of an alignment film coming into contact with the molecules of the liquid crystal. A louver having a predetermined angle is disposed between the substrate on which the alignment film is to be formed and an evaporation material source to pass a material evaporated from the evaporation material for deposition onto the substrate. The thus formed film exhibits a very great orientation controlling power of biaxial anisotropy. This forming method of the alignment film also allows the easy formation of the alignment film on a large substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing devices in which a liquid crystal has molecules orientated in accordance with directions belonging to one and the same plane, is provided. To this end, an organic polymer deposit is formed upon the internal faces of two electrode-carrying plates, by directing on to them at a very low angle of incidence, a monomer vapor flow, for example a monomer such as vinyl-trichlorosilane. The long-chain molecules of the in situ formed polymer, are disposed parallel to the direction of the vapor flow. They orientate, by their influence, the molecules of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A continuous glass ribbon advances from a float forming chamber past a first heat source and into a coating chamber where a surface of the glass ribbon is provided with a pyrolytic oxide coating as a second heat source heats the opposed surface of the glass ribbon. Thereafter the glass ribbon is advanced into an annealing lehr to relieve residual stress in the glass ribbon. The first heat source reduces the heat loss of the ribbon as it advances into the coating chamber to provide a durable pyrolytic oxide coating on the glass ribbon. The second heat source heats the ribbon to minimize or eliminate glass ribbon warpage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemical method of strengthening glass articles subjected to abrasion resistance treatment, which comprises (1) a first step of applying a metal oxide-forming compound to the surface of a heated glass article to form the corresponding metal oxide coating having a thickness of 50 to 130 Angstrom on the surface of the glass article, (2) a second step of causing to adhere, to the outer and inner surfaces of the glass article, a mixed solution of potassium chloride and potassium nitrate, having a potassium chloride to potassium nitrate ratio by weight of 85 to 45:15 to 55, or a mixed solution of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, having a potassium sulfate to potassium nitrate ratio by weight of 30 to 100:70 to 0, (3) a third step of holding the glass article at an elevated temperature below the strain point of the glass but as near the strain point as possible for a period of time sufficient to obtain a compressive stress layer having a depth of at least 10 microns and a compres

Abstract: A composite polymeric material having metallic surface properties is prepared by subliming solid crystalline polymeric sulfur nitride to a vapor, and thereafter condensing the polymeric sulfur nitride vapor onto the surface of a highly-oriented thermoplastic polymeric substrate to thereby form on the substrate an epitaxial crystalline polymeric sulfur nitride film. The polymeric sulfur nitride film is completely oriented parallel to the direction of orientation of the substrate and has a relatively high degree of anisotropy with respect to its electrical conductivity and optical properties.

Abstract: A low resistance indium oxide conductive film is made on a substrate in an atmosphere for vacuum evaporation or sputtering where aqueous vapor or gas mixed with the vapor is introduced or wherein aqueous vapor is generated, by reactive vacuum evaporation or sputtering in said atmosphere using indium oxide or metallic indium as starting material.

Abstract: Monitoring of gas contamination and of related deviations in pressures within a sealed cavity is effected by way of electrical-network responses to conduction characteristics of a thin-film deposit of getter material within the cavity, the getter film being deposited upon inert insulation between conductive contacts externally connected into an electrical circuit which controls related output signalling in accordance with conductance changes caused by getter material reactions with gas within the cavity.

Abstract: Applying a thin film coating to the surface of a workpiece, in particular, applying a coating of titanium nitride to a klystron window by means of a crossed-field diode sputtering array. The array is comprised of a cohesive group of numerous small hollow electrically conducting cylinders and is mounted so that the open ends of the cylinders on one side of the group are adjacent a titanium cathode plate. The workpiece is mounted so as to face the open ends of the other side of the group. A magnetic field is applied to the array so as to be coaxial with the cylinders and a potential is applied across the cylinders and the cathode plate, the cylinders as an anode being positive with respect to the cathode plate.

Abstract: An electrically conductive and optically transparent coating comprising a very thin, noble metal oxide film applied to a nonconductive, transparent substrate, said noble metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium and iridium. These coatings are useful as resistance heaters for windows, as optically transparent electrodes for electro-optic and electro-chemical applications, for radio frequency shieldings and a wide variety of other applications.

Abstract: A method of mounting thin film photodiodes to a cryogenic cold finger in ch the photodiode uses opaque metal Schottky barrier contacts to form the active regions of the photodiode. The method comprises laying a mirrored surface on one side of a radiation transparent substrate with the thin film photodiode on the other side of the substrate and the plurality of metal Schottky barrier contacts on the photodiode. The mirrored side of the substrate is mounted to the cold finger and reflects incoming radiation off the mirrored surface back to the active area of the photodiode.

Abstract: A glass body having a fluorescent pattern inwardly of a surface thereof is formed by depositing a first material in a predetermined pattern on a surface of glass containing readily ion-exchangeable first ions, the first material containing second ions capable of ion-exchange with the first ions, one of the glass and the first material containing ions for providing a fluorescence center, and by causing the second ions to penetrate into the glass through ion-exchange with the first ions so that the fluorescence-center providing ions may be distributed in a pattern which is in positive or negative relationship with the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: In a photosensitive element including an electroconductive layer, a photoconductive layer manifesting persistent internal polarization and a highly insulative layer and utilized in the method of electrophotography wherein a first electric field is applied to deposit a charge of one polarity on the surface of the highly insulative layer, and a second field is applied to deposit a charge of the opposite polarity concurrently with the projection of a light image to form a latent image on the surface of the highly insulative layer, there is provided a vapor deposited layer at the interface between the photoconductive layer and the highly insulative layer which consists of a mixture of a first Se-Te alloy having a percentage of Te therein such that it is a highly photosensitive material and a second Se-Te alloy having a percentage of Te therein such that it has high charge trapping capability.

Abstract: A D.C. glow discharge is applied to a heated glass substrate coated with a conductive layer in the form of a pattern in an evacuated chamber, to which chamber certain amounts of oxygen and a volatile tin composition have been added. A glass substrate is produced which is coated with a patterned, transparent, conductive coating of tin oxide, wherein the surface region of the glass has been depleted of alkali metal ions.

Abstract: Applying a D. C. glow discharge to a heated glass substrate in an evacuated chamber to which certain amounts of oxygen and a volatile tin composition have been added, produces a glass substrate coated with a transparent, conductive coating of tin oxide wherein the surface region of the glass beneath the coating has been depleted of alkali metal ions.

Abstract: A target for an image pickup tube having high sensitivity, low dark current and low amount of lag-image is manufactured by forming a hetero-junction by the evaporation process. A first layer of ZnS.sub.x Se.sub.1.sub.-x or Zn.sub.u Cd.sub.1.sub.-u S (wherein 0 .ltoreq. x .ltoreq. 1 and 0 .ltoreq. u .ltoreq. 1) is deposited on a light transmitting substrate having a coefficient of linear expansion of 56 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 /.degree.C - 110 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 /.degree.C and a second layer of (Zn.sub.y Cd.sub.1.sub.-y Te).sub.z (In.sub.2 Te.sub.3).sub.1.sub.-z (wherein 0.1 .ltoreq. y .ltoreq. 0.9 and 0.7 .ltoreq. z .ltoreq. 1) is deposited on the first layer. The substrate is then heat treated in an inert gas atmosphere or under vacuum at a temperature of 350.degree.-650.degree.C, preferably 500.degree.-600.degree.C for a time period of 5-90 minutes, preferably 5-15 minutes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display cell having an alignment film therein. The present invention also relates to a method of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a selected direction in a liquid crystal display cell. An alignment film whose film growth is oriented in the same direction is deposited on an electrode film of a liquid crystal cell. The alignment film is used to align the molecules of a liquid crystal material. The film growth sympathetically aligns the molecules of liquid crystals in the direction of the film growth. A liquid crystal display cell which has two such alignment films therein is used to form a polarizing liquid crystal display cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film photodetector array of resistance-variable light detectors and a method for manufacturing such an array. Electronic read-out circuitry is normally associated therewith.

Abstract: An optically clear, electrically conductive, transparent coating on a substrate and a method of coating are disclosed. The coating comprises a first transparent layer deposited as TiO.sub.x on the substrate, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7, a layer of silver or gold deposited on the first layer, and a third transparent layer deposited as TiO.sub.x on the second layer, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7. The coating is deposited under vacuum in a partial pressure of oxygen on a rigid transparent substrate such as glass or a flexible plastic substrate and the resultant coated substrate used in electrically heated windows.

Abstract: Certain volatile organotin compounds are volatilized in a heated carrier gas stream and brought into contact with a preheated substrate to be coated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The process is particularly applicable to deposition of tin oxide on glass faceplates of cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: Certain volatile organotin compounds are vaporized in a heated carrier gas stream and brought into contact with a preheated substrate to be coated in an atmosphere containing oxygen. Indium oxide coatings may be doped with tin by vaporizing an organotin compound and an indium chelate of a .beta.-diketone and bringing the vapors in contact with a heated substrate in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A layer of unoxidized metal is provided on surfaces of the device in such manner as to possess an oriented microstructure capable of causing sympathetic alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. The metal layer is thereafter heated in the presence of oxygen, preferably in a device envelope sealing process, to oxidize the metal layer. The metal oxide layer is stable, in that it retains the molecular aligning characteristic, and is more transparent than the metal layer.