Abstract: An electrically conductive elastic composite yarn comprises an elastic member that is surrounded by at least one conductive covering filament(s). The elastic member has a predetermined relaxed unit length L and a predetermined drafted length of (N×L), where N is a number preferably in the range from about 1.0 to about 8.0. The conductive covering filament has a length that is greater than the drafted length of the elastic member such that substantially all of an elongating stress imposed on the composite yarn is carried by the elastic member. The elastic composite yarn may further include an optional stress-bearing member surrounding the elastic member and the conductive covering filament. The length of the stress-bearing member is less than the length of the conductive covering filament and greater than, or equal to, the drafted length (N×L) of the elastic member, such that a portion of the elongating stress imposed on the composite yarn is carried by the stress-bearing member.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a magnetic device includes the steps of forming a magnetic substrate having a plurality of recesses, and forming at least one coil in the recess. In addition, a magnetic device is also disclosed. The magnetic device includes a magnetic substrate and at least one coil. The magnetic substrate has a plurality of recesses and the coil is disposed in the recess.

Abstract: An electrode mixture paste application method includes: a first step of unwinding a core material (2) wound in a coil shape; a second step of immersing the core material in an electrode mixture paste (5); a third step of adjusting an application amount of the electrode mixture paste; a fourth step of drying a paste-coated sheet (6) with the electrode mixture paste applied to the both sides thereof; and a fifth step of winding the paste-coated sheet in a coil shape, wherein a seam welding step for connecting coils of the core material to each other is provided between the first and second steps, wherein a metal containing molybdenum and/or tungsten is used as a welding electrode (91) in the seam welding step, and wherein a mechanism for air cooling by gas is provided. This can achieve a stable method for applying an electrode mixture paste in which apprehensions for micro short circuits and the like are eliminated and troubles in the step of welding core materials can be avoided.

Abstract: A foldable polymer-based coil structure and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. The coil structure has metal wirings and interconnections between the wirings. The wirings and connections are embedded by a polymer. The coil structure is foldable in two or more layers. In the folded condition, coils of one layer overlap the coils of another layer. A stackable structure and jigs for aligning the foldable and stackable structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hermetic compressor includes a compressing device and a drive motor connected to the compressing device. The drive motor has a stator with a stator coil made of aluminum wire and an insulating layer disposed on an outer surface of the aluminum wire. The aluminum wire has a diameter between about 0.4 mm to about 1.2 mm.

Abstract: A selfbonding enamel containing resins which are capable of crosslinking with one another, comprising (A) 5 to 95 wt % of at least one resin with nucleophilic groups selected from the group consisting of OH, NHR, SH, C(O)NHR, carboxylate, CH-acidic groups and Carbanions, (B) 0 to 70 wt % of at least one amide group-containing resin and (C) 0 to 30 wt % of at least one polyurethane resin, (D) 0 to 30 wt % of at least one epoxy resin, (E) 5 to 95 wt % of at least one organic solvent, wherein the resins of either component (A) and/or, if component (B) is contained in the composition, component (B) contain ?-carboxy-?-oxocycloalkyl carboxylic acid amide groups the coatings of the selfbonding enamel have excellent adhesion to electrically conductive wires high sticking properties and high re-softening temperatures.

Abstract: A method for varnish application to a dynamoelectric stator is disclosed. The method includes a varnish treatment process and application by preheating the stator; adjusting a viscosity of the varnish; dripping the varnish onto a coil end of the stator from radially outside the stator while rotating the preheated stator around a central axis; and hardening the varnish dripped onto the coil end by heating the stator. The varnish viscosity is adjusted so that said varnish dripped onto said coil end passes through the coil end from radially outside to radially inside, and the varnish is dripped onto said coil end along a direction which is perpendicular to the central axis of the collective coils.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet including an electrically insulating coating made of an amorphous carbon-hydrogen network, which is applied after final annealing in order to ensure electrical insulation of the individual layers of the sheet. The grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet including the electrically insulating coating made of an amorphous carbon-hydrogen network can be used in transformers.

Abstract: A metallized substrate, such as used to make a resonant circuit tag with inductive and capacitive elements in series, has a thin inorganic or polymeric dielectric layer formed on a metal layer. The inorganic layer may be formed by anodizing a surface of the metal layer. The organic layer may be formed by flexographic printing. In both cases, a via hole is formed through the dielectric layer. A second layer of very thin conductive metal is deposited on the dielectric layer and in the via hole. The substrate is subsequently patterned with an etch resist and then etched to form the inductor coil and the capacitor plates, which are interconnected via the metallized via hole.

Abstract: A photosensitive material is coated on an insulating material (13) stacked on a substrate (1) (FIG. 16A), and exposed and developed using a mask having a light-shielding film capable of controlling a light transmittance from 100% to 0% annularly and continuously to form a spiral photosensitive material (FIG. 16B). After conducting treatment at a high temperature, the insulating material under the photosensitive material is spirally formed by etching (FIG. 16C). A metal (12) is stacked on the substrate (FIG. 16D), and a photosensitive material is coated (FIG. 16E). The photosensitive material is exposed and developed using a mask having an annular light-shielding film with a light transmittance of 0% to leave the photosensitive material covering only the metal on the base of the spiral structure (FIG. 16F). After treatment at a high temperature is conducted and the metal exposed is etched (FIG. 16G), the photosensitive material is removed (FIG. 16H).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing a high-quality insulation for conductors or conductor bundles of electrical machines by means of spray-sintering. Unlike in the prior art, it is possible to apply internal corona-discharge protection, insulation and external corona-discharge protection to conductors or conductor bundles in which, on account of a very low level of defects in the insulation and its inherent resistance to partial discharges, it is possible to dispense with the use of winding processes using glass/mica tapes. This eliminates the need to use complex special equipment and allows the throughput times to be shortened considerably.

Abstract: The method for hardening electro-insulating materials is characterised by the utilization and/or co-utilization of near-infrared radiation (NIR) having a wavelength of 500 nm to 1400 nm. NIR also enables very fast hardening of the component surface even with pure thermally hardenable impregnating material and further provides good hardening of thick layers located deep inside said layers. Combined hardening, for example, NIR and UV light, is also possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coiled composite sheet material far brazing, the composite sheet material having a structure comprising a substrate, the substrate including an aluminium substrate and/or an aluminium alloy substrate, on at least one side coupled to a carrier layer having a thickness of at most 150 ?m and additionally a polymer being homopolymers of olefin, or a copolymer of an olefin and a non-olefinic comonomer copolymerizable with the olefin being vinyl monomer, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or acetic acid as a carder filled with a brazing flux material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a strain element. In one aspect, the method of the invention comprises forming a coating film of titanium or a titanium compound on a surface of a cylindrical mold, and shaping the coating film like a coil. The method invention further comprises forming a crystal film of a strain element having a property of a piezoelectric inverse effect by hydrothermal synthesis on the coating film shaped like the coil, and removing the strain element from the cylindrical mold.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel liquid epoxy resin emulsions which contain the following components, dissolved and/or dispersed in water: (A) at least one binding agent selected from the group made of epoxy resins and modified epoxy resins, (B) at least one non ionic thickener and (C) at least one catalyst for hardening, produced by reacting at least one boron trifluoride complex with at least one compound containing at least one epoxy group. The invention also relates to a method for the production and use thereof as an impregnating varnish for electrotechnical components, particularly for electrical winding items.

Abstract: A common mode choke coil has a plurality of metallic conducting wires buried into a sintered magnetic material such that the metallic conducting wires are proximate to each other and an electrode mounted on a surface of the sintered magnetic material so as to be connected to each end portion of each of the metallic conducting wires. The metallic conducting wires are integrally coated with a non-magnetic and electrically insulating material at a predetermined distance between each of the metallic conducting wires to thereby form coated conducting wires. The coated conducting wires buried into the sintered magnetic material are thus obtained.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing coils which achieves an uniform and complete curing of the paper impregnated with epoxy thermo curable resin placed between conductors by applying an electric current uniformly to all portions of the coil thus completely heating the coil, including the conductors near the core.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an inductor is performed in such a manner that the surface of a metal wire provided with an insulating film thereon is coated with a thermal melting resin. The thickness of the thermal melting resin is, for example, approximately 1 ?m. As the thermal melting resin, a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, such as a polyimide resin or an epoxy resin, containing 85 wt % of a powdered ferrite is used. This coated metal wire is densely wound to form a solenoid-type coil conductor. Next, the thermal melting resin is softened by a heat treatment at, for example, 180° C. and is then solidified by spontaneous cooling. Accordingly, the portions of the coil conductor adjacent to each other are bonded together by the thermal melting resin.

Abstract: A metallized substrate, such as used to make a resonant circuit tag with inductive and capacitive elements in series, has a thin inorganic or polymeric dielectric layer formed on a metal layer. The inorganic layer may be formed by anodizing a surface of the metal layer. The organic layer may be formed by flexographic printing. In both cases, a via hole is formed through the dielectric layer. A second layer of very thin conductive metal is deposited on the dielectric layer and in the via hole. The substrate is subsequently patterned with an etch resist and then etched to form the inductor coil and the capacitor plates, which are interconnected via the metallized via hole.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a soft ferromagnetic film structure with reduced edge stress anisotropy and enhanced magnetization switching speed. A soft ferromagnetic film structure is formed over an underlying structure. The soft ferromagnetic film structure has one or more edges exhibiting edge stress anisotropy. A non-ferromagnetic film structure is formed along the one or more edges to induce stress contributions therein that control the edge stress anisotropy.

Abstract: Method and system for encapsulating a coil are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the method allows providing a chamber for performing at least one manufacturing operation in connection with at least one coil to be encapsulated. The method further allows providing a pallet for supporting the at least one coil to be encapsulated. The pallet may be mounted on a conveyor configured to move the pallet in the chamber proximate to a nozzle configured to dispense encapsulant to the at least one coil. A vibration generator may be mechanically coupled to the conveyor. The vibration generator is electrically responsive to command signals from a controller.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a laminated electronic component, in which magnetic layers and conductive patterns for coil are sequentially provided, a coil pattern is enclosed between the magnetic layers inside a laminated body, and a nonmagnetic section is provided between adjacent conductive patterns for coil, the coil pattern being provided by repeatedly performing: a first step of providing a second magnetic layer over the entire top face of a first magnetic layer, which a first conductive pattern for coil is provided on; a second step of providing a loop-shaped groove in the second magnetic layer by using laser processing; a third step of providing a nonmagnetic section in one portion of the loop-shaped groove; and a fourth step of printing a second conductive pattern for coil so that one end section thereof overlaps the end section of the first conductive pattern for coil and the other end section extends to the surface of the nonmagnetic section.

Abstract: A method of forming a toroidal winding assembly comprises: forming a longitudinal assembly having a first assembly end and a second assembly end; bending the longitudinal assembly to form a generally toroidal assembly; and bonding the first assembly end to the second assembly end to form the toroidal winding assembly.

Abstract: A curable epoxy resin composition comprising (a) a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin that is liquid at RT and, suspended therein, a core/shell polymer, (b) a polycarboxylic anhydride and (c) fillers, wherein the composition is flame-retardant because two different fillers (c1) and (c2) are present, the nature of filler (c1) being such that, starting at RT, it is able to release water as the temperature rises, the total proportion of fillers (c1) and (c2) is from 58 to 73% by weight, based on the total amount of components (a), (b), (c1) and (c2), and the ratio by weight of the fillers (c1):(c2) is from 1:3 to 1:1, is suitable as a casting resin, especially in the impregnation of electrical coils and in the production of electrical components, such as air-cooled transformers, bushings, insulators, switches, sensors, converters and cable end seals.

Abstract: A common mode choke coil has a plurality of metallic conducting wires buried into a sintered magnetic material such that the metallic conducting wires are proximate to each other and an electrode mounted on a surface of the sintered magnetic material so as to be connected to each end portion of each of the metallic conducting wires. The metallic conducting wires are integrally coated with a non-magnetic and electrically insulating material at a predetermined distance between each of the metallic conducting wires to thereby form coated conducting wires. The coated conducting wires buried into the sintered magnetic material are thus obtained.

Abstract: The use of a copolymer (A) preparable by free-radical polymerization of

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of fabricating electromagnetic coil vanes. The method involves placing a bonding composition on opposing surfaces of a substrate. First and second complementary coil patterns are formed, and are aligned and bonded to respective clamp plate fixtures. The first complementary coil pattern is bonded to one surface of the opposing surfaces of the substrate via the bonding composition, and the second complementary coil pattern is bonded to the other surface of the opposing surfaces of the substrate via the bonding composition. The bonding composition is cured, and the clamp plates are removed from the first and second complementary coil patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing resin impregnated wire windings by trickling an impregnating resin onto a heated rotating winding or by dipping the heated rotating winding in a bath filled with an impregnating resin. The impregnating resin comprises an epoxy resin and an initiator for the polymerization of the epoxy resin. The initiator is either a selected compound that is activated by ultraviolet irradiation, a heat-activatible initiator, or a mixture thereof. The heat-activatible initiator is a mixture comprising at least one quarternary ammonium salt and at least one thermal radical former.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an insulated coil for use in an electromotive machine includes an aligning and winding step for forming a coil by aligning and winding a wire coated with insulating material; an insulator forming step for winding or coating an insulator around a slot inserting portion of the coil which is formed in the aligning and winding step and applying an adhesive layer between the insulator and the slot inserting portion; and a shaping step for shaping and fixing the wire and the insulator of the slot inserting portion into a unit through melting by increasing the temperature thereof and thereafter cooling the adhesive layer of the slot inserting portion 12, around which the insulator is wound or coated and applying the adhesive layer therebetween in the insulator forming step, under a restrained condition using a shaping metal mold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of fabricating electromagnetic coil vanes. The method involves photolithographically exposing high resolution, dense wire patterns in a flash coat of copper, on both sides of a ceramic vane substrate. The substrate can be pre-drilled with a through hole to connect the two copper coil patterns. Additional copper is then deposited on both high resolution patterns and in the through hole by plating until the desired thickness is obtained. A firing operation is then performed that eutectically bonds the copper to the ceramic.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is the use of a resin composition (A) comprising A1) at least one unsaturated polyester resin, A2) at least one vinyl ether having a viscosity of less than 4000 mPa·s at 25° C., A3) if desired, at least one further polymer and/or oligomer, A4) if desired, at least one curing accelerator, A5) if desired, at least one ethylenically unsaturated reactive diluent, and A6) if desired, further customary additives, as impregnating, casting and coating compositions for electrical and/or electronic components and for carrier materials for sheetlike insulating materials. The present invention additionally relates to coating compositions suitable for this purpose which can be cured with low emissions.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing coils for use in a charged-particle-beam (CPB) optical system such as would be used in a CPB imaging apparatus or CPB lithography apparatus. In an embodiment, on a surface of a coil substrate is formed a mask layer defining channels corresponding to a coil pattern. Using the mask layer as a mask, a pattern of conductive coil-forming material is applied to the substrate surface in the channels. Coil elements formed on the substrate surface by this method exhibit steep sides and a desired aspect ratio. To such end, the depth of the channels desirably is greater than the desired thickness of the coil elements. Alternatively, a metal layer (for use as an electroplating electrode) is formed on a surface of the substrate. The metal layer is coated with a resist at a thickness of at least 0.1 mm. The resist is removed by lithography from regions where coil elements are to be formed. In the regions, conductive metal is grown by electroplating to form the coil elements.

Abstract: A process for producing impregnable fine mica tapes with a built-in accelerator which after winding onto the conductors of the windings of electrical machines are impregnated with a solvent-free impregnation resin and are then cured under the action of heat. The fine mica film is sprinkled with a powder epoxy resin system which contains a curing agent and the side of the fine mica film which has been sprinkled with the powder epoxy is cemented to a carrier material, the powder epoxy resin system curing under the influence of temperature.

Abstract: An electroless plating reaction catalyst is imparted to a substrate and then the catalyst is deactivated or removed at desired locations by irradiating with an energy beam to form groove portions in the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to increase compressive creep capabilities of high voltage coil insulation. The method preferably includes applying at least one layer of a first tape as a groundwall insulation to substantially the entire length of a high voltage coil. The first tape preferably has a first predetermined amount of resin therein. The method also includes curing the groundwall insulation for a first predetermined time period, applying at least one layer of a second tape as a protective armor overlying the groundwall insulation only to end portions of the high voltage coil after the first predetermined time period. the second tape preferably includes substantially more resin than the first tape. The method further includes curing the protective armor for a second predetermined time period.

Abstract: A ferrite magnetic film structure exhibiting a magnetic anisotropy, the ferrite magnetic film structure comprising, a substrate provided on one main surface thereof with a groove-like recessed portion and with a ridge-like projected portion located neighboring to the groove-like recessed portion, and a ferrite magnetic film constituted by a continuous film having a substantially flat upper surface and formed on one main surface of the substrate, wherein the ferrite magnetic film structure meets the following conditions: (a/(a+b))(h/(t−h))≧0.047 1≧(a+b) where “a” is a width of the ridge-like projected portion, b is a width of the groove-like recessed portion, h is a height of step between the groove-like recessed portion and the ridge-like projected portion, t is a thickness of the ferrite magnetic film at the recessed portion, and l is a length of the recessed portion and of the projected portion.

Abstract: A method for coating an electric coil of a workpiece. A step of the method includes applying a curable coating material to the electric coil of the workpiece. Another step includes externally vibrating the workpiece before the applied curable coating material has cured. An embodiment of apparatus for coating an electric coil of a workpiece includes a mechanism for applying a curable coating material to the electric coil of the workpiece and also includes a mechanism for externally vibrating the workpiece before the applied curable coating material has cured.

Abstract: A heat-resistant transparent glass article is formed with an inner sandwich structure comprising a metallic infrared-reflective metal film sandwiched between thin protective silicon films, the inner sandwich structure in turn being sandwiched between transparent dielectric films and the film stack being deposited upon a glass substrate. One or both of the transparent dielectric films may also contain silicon.

Abstract: A combined sunken magnetoresistive (MR) read/write head is provided wherein first and second shield layers are eliminated or thinned down in an insulation stack region just behind a pole tip region. This provides a depression behind the pole tip region where head components, such as the write coil, insulation stack and pole pieces of a write head, are located. Leads for an MR sensor of the head extend parallel to an air bearing surface (ABS) where they connect to first and second conductors beyond the limits of the shield layers. The conductors extend back into the head normal to the air bearing surface without any danger of shorting to the shield layers.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for impregnating components with polymerizable impregnants which are liquid at room temperature or can be liquefied by heating and are cured by combined use of heat and high-energy radiation, wherein the components are impregnated at ambient temperature or in a preheated state and, after impregnation, are heated in the impregnant until partial gelation occurs, are treated with high-energy radiation before full curing and are then fully cured by thermal means.

Abstract: An insulated metallic strip suitable for use in the coils of power transformers and method of producing the same. Following the extrusion of a flat metallic strip of conductive material for winding into a magnet coil, the flat strip having a predetermined thickness and first and second sides bounded by a pair of fully rounded edges, the method of insulating the strip of conductive material by supporting the flat strip in a level state at a predetermined temperature in a vacuum chamber and while in the vacuum chamber applying a liquid coating of resin to the entire first side of the strip and the pair of rounded edges and extending onto the second side of the strip from each of the edges a distance at least as great as about 0.25" to prevent turn to turn discharge.

Abstract: The present invention uncouples the dependence between the zero throat height and the flare point of a write head by recessing the first insulation layer within the first pole piece layer. The first pole piece layer and the first insulation layer have planar surfaces which preferably lie in a common plane, the zero throat height being defined at the point where the planar surface of the first pole piece layer first meets the planar surface of the first insulation layer within the head. It is also at this point that the first and second pole piece layers separate from one another. Accordingly, the zero throat height can be accurately placed relative to the stripe height of a magneto-resistive (MR) sensor. Further, when a photoresist layer is spun onto the partially completed head for the construction of the pole tip of the second pole piece light directed into the photoresist layer for photo-imaging the pole tip does not reflect into the photoresist layer adjacent the pole tip.

Abstract: A method for forming an embedded multiwound microcoil in a ceramic substrate including the steps of forming a sacrificial mutiwound microcoil to be used in the ceramic substrate by wrapping a first sacrificial coil winding about the midsection of a sintered ceramic bar thereby forming a one winding sacrificial coil structure; dipping the one winding sacrificial coil structure in a sol-gel precursor and then forming an encapsulated one winding sacrificial coil structure from such sol-gel precursor; wrapping a second sacrificial coil winding about the midsection of the encapsulated one winding sacrificial coil structure thereby forming a two winding sacrificial coil structure.

Abstract: An electrical component comprising an electrical component having an exterior protective layer on at least a portion of a surface. The layer is a cured copolymer of a reaction between at least one oligomer having a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one monomer having a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group. Alternatively, the layer is a cured copolymer of a reaction between at least two oligomers having a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group. The copolymerization reaction is preferably in the presence of a free radical initiator curing agent and a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A resist is applied or an inorganic oxide is put from over the upper surface of a coil formed on an insulating layer and including wire members of a rectangular cross-section and channels between the wire members of the coil are filled halfway with the resist or the inorganic oxide. A space left in the channel is then coated with the inorganic oxide. The inorganic oxide, which is used in this manner for the purpose of preventing the deformation of the coil due to a secular change, can be filled without generating voids in the channel between the wire members, the physical strength of the most important upper location of the wire member becomes high and the electric characteristics of the coil are improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an insulation system (1) for an electrically conductive component (10). Use is made of an insulating material (5) which is protected against damage by the partial discharge of electric fields. To produce the insulating material (5), a substrate material (2) having an insulating coating (3) on one or both of its surfaces is impregnated with a chemical compound (4). This is hardened by radiation polymerisation and/or the application of heat to secure the insulating material (5) and bond the insulation system (1) permanently to the component (10).

Abstract: An arbitrary pattern write head assembly for writing timing-based servo patterns on magnetic storage media is provided, comprising: (a) a first pole piece comprising a substrate comprising a magnetic material, said substrate having a major surface; (b) a plurality of electrically conducting windings formed on the major surface; and (c) a second pole piece formed on the substrate, with a portion thereof formed above the plurality of electrically conducting windings and electrically insulated therefrom, the second pole piece having at least one opening therethrough defining a gap above the electrically conducting windings and the substrate, the second pole piece comprising at least two layers, each layer comprising a magnetic material. A method of batch fabricating servo writer heads is also provided for batch fabrication of servo writer heads at a very low cost. The method enables fabrication of heads capable of azimuthal recording commonly practiced in the video recording art.

Abstract: A high temperature electrical insulation system is provided by forming a winding in an electrical device from a conductor that is pre-coated with a first layer of at least partially cured inorganic material. A second layer of inorganic material is applied, either during or just prior to forming the winding, over the first layer in order to seal any cracks in the first layer. The resultant electrical insulative coating is cured following the forming process, essentially at room temperature. The insulation system provided is thus totally inorganic, and its manufacture does not require the use of organics, or heating to high temperatures to cure the coating or to cause pyrolysis and/or volatilization of organic elements, as did prior electrical insulation systems. Furthermore, because no organics are utilized in either the manufacture or operation of the insulation system, there is no residual carbon in the resultant coating.

Abstract: A first guide roll, a second guide roll and a backing roll are mounted on a movable frame. A feed roll is disposed substantially perpendicularly below the second guide roll upstream of the second guide roll relative to a direction of movement of a base sheet. The distance between the feed roll and the second guide roll is ninety (90) to two hundred and ten (210) times as long as a distance of travel of the backing roll when the backing roll is moved away from a coating roll.

Abstract: Windings for an electric motor are formed by depositing successive layers of conductive material and etching into the conductive material with a precisely-controlled high-energy beam. A computer stores information on the exact structure of the monolith of windings to be built, in the form of a series of successive planar cross-sections of the monolith. In making the monolith, one deposits a layer of conductive material onto a workpiece, bonds the conductive material to the workpiece, and cuts a pattern into the layer, using a high-energy beam in the presence of an oxidizing atmosphere. The beam causes the formation of electrically-insulating oxides which separate the layer into distinct conductive regions, according to a pattern defined by one of the stored cross-sections. In an alternative, one can also inject additional insulating material into the cuts formed by the beam. The monolith is thus built up, layer by layer, in a series of iterations.