Abstract: A method of forming a film is provided. Nanoparticles are deposited on a surface of a substrate using a liquid deposition process. The nanoparticles are linked to each other and to the surface using linker molecules. A coating having a surface energy of less than 70 dyne/cm is deposited over the film to form a coated film. The coated film has an RMS surface roughness of 25 nm to 500 nm, a film coverage of 25% to 60%, a surface energy of less than 70 dyne/cm; and a durability of 10 to 5000 microNewtons. Depending on the particular environment in which the film is to be used, a durability of 10 to 500 microNewtons may be preferred. A film thickness 3 to 100 times the RMS surface roughness of the film is preferred.

Abstract: The amount of a paint for forming a porous heat-resistant layer supplied to the outer surface of a gravure roll is adjusted by removing the paint with a blade that is disposed so as to contact the outer surface. A resin blade is used, and the position at which the resin blade contacts the outer surface of the gravure roll is changed as the resin blade wears away. This prevents the amount of the paint for forming the porous heat-resistant layer removed from the outer surface of the gravure roll from changing as the resin blade wears away, so that the excess amount of the paint carried on the outer surface of the gravure roll is removed with good accuracy. An almost constant amount of the paint is thus transferred to an electrode surface from the outer surface of the gravure roll, and a porous heat-resistant layer with an almost uniform thickness is stably formed on an industrial scale.

Abstract: To provide a surface modified lithium-containing composite oxide having excellent discharge capacity, volume capacity density, safety, durability for charge and discharge cycles, and high rate property. A surface modified lithium-containing composite oxide, comprising particles of a lithium-containing composite oxide having a predetermined composition and a lithium titanium composite oxide containing lithium, titanium and element Q (wherein Q is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Sc, Y and In) contained in the surface layer of the particles, wherein the lithium titanium composite oxide is contained in the surface layer of the particles in a proportion of the total amount of titanium and element Q in the lithium titanium composite oxide contained in the surface layer to the lithium-containing composite oxide particles is from 0.01 to 2 mol %, and the lithium titanium composite oxide has a peak at a diffraction angle 2? within a range of 43.8±0.

Abstract: A process for coating an article includes the steps of contacting an article with a first solution to produce a coated article, the first solution includes a solvent and at least one non-conductive material comprising at least one oxide of a metal; contacting with a second solution the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer, the second solution includes a solvent and at least one conductive material comprising at least one of the foregoing: graphite, metals, conductive ceramics, semi-conductive ceramics, intermetallic compounds, and mixtures thereof; and drying the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer having the at least one conductive material in contact with at least one surface of the non-conductive material layer and the at least one surface of the article.

Abstract: An electrode material is created by forming a thin coating or small deposits of metal oxide as an intercalation host on a carbon powder. The carbon powder performs a role in the synthesis of the oxide coating, in providing a three-dimensional, electronically conductive substrate supporting the metal oxide, and as an energy storage contribution material through ion adsorption or intercalation. The metal oxide includes one or more metal oxides. The electrode material, a process for producing said electrode material, an electrochemical capacitor and an electrochemical secondary (rechargeable) battery using said electrode material is disclosed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electronic part (varistor 2) whose device 4 is covered by an outer cover material 6, including the steps of: forming a first outer cover film 8 by coating and fixing a first outer cover film liquid material 30 that includes an organic solvent, on the device 4; and forming a second outer cover film 10 by coating and fixing a second outer cover film liquid material 34, on the first outer cover film 8. The first outer cover film includes a silicone resin or a silicone elastomer, and one or more kind (s) of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydrate, or calcium hydrate at a weight ratio ranging from 45/55 to 5/95.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. The positive active material includes a core and a surface-treatment layer on the core. The core includes at least one lithiated compound and the surface-treatment layer includes at least one coating material selected from the group consisting of coating element included-hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxycarbonates, hydroxycarbonates and any mixture thereof.

Abstract: An electrowetting optical element comprising a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer opposite said first electrode layer, and a containment space formed between said first and said second electrode layer. The first electrode layer comprises an insulating layer, and a hydrophobic surface layer contiguous to said containment space. The electrowetting element further comprises a barrier layer in between said insulating layer and said containment space, for preventing ion migration of ions from said containment space into said insulating layer, for preventing charge accumulation in said insulating layer. The disclosure further relates to a method of manufacturing an electrowetting element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a target for isotope production, that comprises a porous, nanostructured material with structure elements having in at least one dimension an average size of 700 run or less, preferably 500 nm or less and most preferably 150 nm or less, said nanostructured material comprising one Of Al2O3, Y2O3 and ZrO2.

Abstract: A production method for a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that includes a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a conductive agent and a binder, in which the positive electrode active material is produced by coating cobalt-based lithium composite oxide represented by a general formula: LiaCo1-sM1sO2 with lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide of general formula: LibNitCouMnvO2, ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the cobalt-based lithium composite oxide and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide being 2?r1/r2?50, and the average particle diameter r2 of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is 0.5 ?m?r2?20 ?m. A positive electrode produced by such method results in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having enhanced energy density and capacity and retention characteristic when charging/discharging is repeated at a high potential of 4.5 V based on lithium.

Abstract: In a method of forming a dielectric layer structure, a precursor thin film chemisorbed on a substrate in a process chamber is formed using a source gas including a metal precursor. The process chamber is purged and pumped out to remove a remaining source gas therein and to remove any metal precursor physisorbed on the precursor thin film. The forming of the precursor thin film and the purging and pumping out of the process chamber are alternately and repeatedly performed to form a multi-layer precursor thin film. An oxidant is provided onto the multilayer precursor thin film to form a bulk oxide layer.

Abstract: An electrode, for a rechargeable lithium battery, including a current collector; an active material layer disposed on the current collector; and a coating layer disposed on the active material layer. The coating layer includes a lithium ion conductive polymer and an inorganic material represented by Formula 1: MwHxPyOz, wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a transition element, a rare earth element, and a combination thereof; and 1?w?4, 0?x?4, 1 ?y?7, and 2?z?30.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a dielectric layer (3) in an electroacoustic component (1), in particular a component operating with acoustic surface waves or bulk acoustic waves, comprising a substrate and an associated electrode structure, in which the dielectric layer (3) is formed at least in part by depositing by a thermal vapour deposition process at least one evaporation material selected from the following group of layer vaporising materials: vapour deposition glass material such as borosilicate glass, silicon nitride and aluminium oxide. The invention further relates to an electroacoustic component.

Abstract: In a method of forming an aluminum oxide layer, an aluminum source gas and a dilution gas can be supplied into a chamber through a common gas supply nozzle so that the aluminum source gas may be adsorbed on a substrate in the chamber. A first purge gas can be supplied into the chamber to purge the physically adsorbed aluminum source gas from the substrate. An oxygen source gas may be supplied into the chamber to form an aluminum oxide layer on the substrate. A second purge gas may be supplied into the chamber to purge a reaction residue and the physically adsorbed remaining gas from the substrate. The operations can be performed repeatedly to form an aluminum oxide layer having a desired thickness.

Abstract: An improved ion conductor layer for use in electrochromic devices and other applications is disclosed. The improved ion-conductor layer is comprised of at least two ion transport layers and a buffer layer, wherein the at least two ion transport layers and the buffer layer alternate within the ion conductor layer such that the ion transport layers are in communication with a first and a second electrode. Electrochromic devices utilizing such an improved ion conductor layer color more deeply by virtue of the increased voltage developed across the ion conductor layer prior to electronic breakdown while reducing the amount of electronic leakage. Also disclosed are methods of making electrochromic devices incorporating the improved ion conductor layer disclosed herein and methods of making ion conductors for use in other applications.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The transparent conductive film includes a plurality of oxide atomic layers, containing a plurality of multi-oxide atomic layers, wherein a single multi-oxide atomic layer has more than one kind of uniformly mixed oxide. The method includes providing more than one kind of oxide precursor which is individually introduced into atomic layer deposition equipment through different sources, wherein the oxide precursors are consecutively introduced into the atomic layer deposition equipment, so that the oxide precursors are simultaneously present in the atomic layer deposition equipment, forming a uniform mixture for settling onto the substrate. Then, an oxidant is provided to react with the oxide precursors to form a single multi-oxide atomic layer. The above mentioned steps are repeated to form a plurality of multi-oxide atomic layers.

Abstract: A cathode active material including: a lithium metal oxide core represented by Formula 1 below; and an oxide coating layer formed on the lithium metal oxide core: Li[LixMeyMz]O2+d.??<Formula 1> In Formula 1: x+y+z=1 (0<x<0.33 and 0<z<0.1); 0?d?0.1; Me includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Mg, Zr, and B; and M includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, Ir, Ni, and Mg.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dielectric film having a high permittivity and a high heat resistance. An embodiment of the present invention is a dielectric film (103) including a composite oxynitride containing an element A made of Hf, an element B made of Al or Si, and N and O, wherein mole fractions of the element A, the element B, and N expressed as B/(A+B+N) range from 0.015 to 0.095 and N/(A+B+N) equals or exceeds 0.045, and has a crystalline structure.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for selectively coating a substrate surface comprising a first and a second material with a thin film of a protective material using an atomic layer deposition process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrical separators and to a process for producing them. An electrical separator is a separator used in batteries and other arrangements in which electrodes have to be separated from each other while maintaining ion conductivity for example. The separator is preferably a thin porous insulating material processing high ion perviousness, good mechanical strength and long-term stability to the chemicals and solvents used in the system, for example in the electrolyte of the battery. In batteries, the separator shall fully electrically insulate the cathode from the anode. Moveover, the separator shall be permanently elastic and follow movements in the system, for example in the electrode pack in the course of charging and discharging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to separator-electrode units for lithium batteries and also to a process for their production. The separator-electrode units comprise a porous electrode which is useful as a positive electrode (cathode) or negative electrode (anode) in a lithium battery and a separator layer applied to this electrode and are characterized in that the separator-electrode units comprise a purely inorganic separator layer which comprises at least two fractions of metal oxide particles which differ from each other in their average particle size and/or in the metal. More particularly, the separator layer comprises metal oxide particles having an average particle size (Dg) which is greater than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous positive electrode that are bonded together by metal oxide particles having a particle size (DO which is smaller than the pores of the porous electrode.

Abstract: A composition for forming a dielectric layer includes a liquid organometallic compound serving as a precursor with high dielectric constant, a photo-sensitive polymer or a non-photo-sensitive polymer and a solvent, wherein the liquid organometallic compound includes metal alkoxide, and the metal of the metal alkoxide includes Al Ti, Zr, Ta, Si, Ba, Ge and Hf. The dielectric layer formed by the composition includes the photo-sensitive polymer or the non-photo-sensitive polymer and an amorphous metal oxide formed therein.

Abstract: Robust separator, which has on a substrate and in the intermediate spaces of the substrate, which comprises fibres of an electrically nonconducting material, an electrically nonconductive coating of oxide particles which are adhesively bonded to one another and to the substrate by an inorganic adhesive and comprise at least one oxide, selected from Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, wherein polymer particles are also present in the ceramic coating in addition to the oxide particles of Al2O3, ZrO2 and/or SiO2. These separators are particularly easy to handle, since they are mechanically very stable.

Abstract: Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A backside protection sheet for a solar cell module comprising a stacked material formed by successively stacking an alumina vapor deposited polyester film, a white polyester film and a polyester film in which 60% or more of tensile elongation is maintained in both a machine direction and a transverse direction of the film after the film is stored in high-pressure steam of 140° C. for 10 hours, wherein a shrinkage percentage of said backside protection sheet at a time of heat-treating at 150° C. for 30 minutes is 0.5% or less in both the machine direction and the transverse direction.

Abstract: Coatings are applied on a flexible substrate using atomic layer deposition and molecular layer deposition methods. The coatings have thickness of up to 100 nanometers. The coatings include layers of an inorganic material such as alumina, which are separated by flexibilizing layers that are deposited with covalent chemical linkage to the inorganic material and which are one or more of silica deposited by an atomic layer deposition process; an organic polymer that is deposited by a molecular layer deposition process, or a hybrid organic-inorganic polymer that is deposited by an molecular layer deposition process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a lanthanum oxide compound on a substrate includes: setting the number of H2O molecule, the number of CO molecule and the number of CO2 molecule to one-half or less, one-fifth or less and one-tenth or less per one lanthanum atom, respectively, the H2O molecule, the CO molecule and the CO2 molecule being originated from an H2O gas component, a CO gas component and a CO2 gas component in an atmosphere under manufacture; and supplying a metal raw material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, aluminum, titanium, zirconium and hafnium and an oxygen raw material gas simultaneously for the substrate under the condition that the number of O2 molecule are set to 20 or more per one lanthanum atom, thereby manufacturing the lanthanum oxide compound on the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a humidity sensor and a fabricating method thereof. The humidity sensor includes a substrate, an anodic aluminum oxide layer formed on the substrate and having a plurality of holes, and electrodes formed on the anodic aluminum oxide layer, in order to improve sensitivity and accuracy of the humidity sensor. Further, the fabricating method of a humidity sensor includes preparing an aluminum substrate, forming an anodic aluminum oxide layer by oxidizing the aluminum substrate, and forming electrodes on the anodic aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing electronic devices of resisting scrape and wear with nanotechnology is described hereinafter. Firstly, make an initial reactant into a coating solution of nanometer. Secondly, coat the coating solution of nanometer onto surfaces of an electronic product evenly. Lastly, put the electronic product coated with the coating solution of nanometer under a room temperature or a heating environment lower than 150 degrees centigrade to make the coating solution of nanometer dried for forming nanometer protective films on the surfaces of the electronic product, wherein the thickness of the nanometer protective film is substantially 10-20 microns. The nanometer protective film can protect the electronic product from being scraped and worn, and the thickness thereof is controlled to be 10-20 microns that ensures the aesthetic of the electronic product uninfluenced.

Abstract: A negative electrode for an electrochemical device comprises an active layer which forms a porous outer surface, the outer surface of the active layer being at least partially coated with nanoparticles, and/or an active layer which is at least partially covered by a porous functional layer at least an outer surface whereof is at least partially covered with nanoparticles. Also disclosed is a separator composite material for separating electrodes in an electrochemical device, comprising an essentially self-supporting support layer and a porous functional layer on at least one side of the support layer. An outer surface of the support layer is at least partially coated with nanoparticles on at least one side thereof. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: An active material for a battery includes an electrochemically reversibly oxidizable and reducible base material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a lithium-containing alloy, a sulfur-based compound, and a compound that can reversibly form a lithium-containing compound by a reaction with lithium ions and a surface-treatment layer formed on the base material and comprising a compound of the formula MXOk, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, and a rare-earth element, X is an element that is capable of forming a double bond with oxygen, k is a numerical value in the range of 2 to 4.

Abstract: The method consists in depositing, by alumina spraying, an electrically insulating sublayer on the substrate, then in placing the sensor on the electrically insulating sublayer and finally in depositing, by alumina spraying, a cover layer on the sensor and the electrically insulating sublayer. It further includes a capillary impregnation step by means of an impregnant, so as to block the pores and microcracks on the surface of the cover layer or even through the entire thickness of the deposited alumina coatings right down to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of making a layered component with an improved surface finish by a shape metal deposition process is provided. The method comprises the steps of discriminating a first set of vectors on an exterior portion of the component from a second set of vectors on an interior portion of the component, and depositing a layer of metal material based on the vectors discriminated at different rates, wherein the material is deposited on the exterior portion at a high resolution and a slow rate, and the material is deposited on the interior portion at a low resolution and a fast rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive laminated body, and a method for preparing the same, wherein the conductive laminated body including: a substrate; a zinc oxide-based thin film doped with an element M; and an interlayer including an oxide M?2O3, which is interposed between the substrate and the zinc oxide-based thin film. The disclosed conductive laminated body includes a metal oxide interlayer of an oxidation number +3, between a substrate and a zinc oxide layer. Therefore, it is possible to improve electrical properties of a transparent conductive thin film, especially, a resistivity property, and to minimize the unevenness in electrical properties between a middle portion and a circumferential portion on the surface of the thin film in sputtering deposition.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor, formed from a pair of magnetically free layers located on opposing sides of a non-magnetic layer, and method for its manufacture, are described. Biasing these free layers to be roughly orthogonal to one another causes them to be magnetostatically coupled in a weak antiferromagnetic mode. This enables the low frequency noise spectra of the two free layers to cancel one another.

Abstract: The positive active material according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a composite metal oxide of the following Formula 1, and a compound being capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium having the composite metal oxide coated on the surface thereof. M1-xAlO2 ??[Chemical Formula 1] Wherein, in the above Formula 1, M is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, and combinations thereof, and 0.03?x?0.95. The composite metal oxide increases impregnation of an electrolyte, improves lithium mobility, and decreases internal resistance of a rechargeable lithium battery, and thereby improves discharge capacity and cycle-life characteristics.

Abstract: A porous battery electrode for a rechargeable battery includes a monolithic porous structure having a porosity in the range of from about 74% to about 99% and comprising a conductive material. An active material layer is deposited on the monolithic porous structure. The pores of the monolithic porous structure have a size in the range of from about 0.2 micron to about 10 microns. A method of making the porous battery electrode is also described.

Abstract: The carbon-doped metal oxide films described provide a low coefficient of friction, typically ranging from about 0.05 to about 0.4. Applied over a silicon substrate, for example, the carbon-doped metal oxide films provide anti-stiction properties, where the measured work of adhesion for a coated MEMS cantilever beam is less than 10 ?J/m2. The films provide unexpectedly low water vapor transmission. In addition, the carbon-doped metal oxide films are excellent when used as a surface release coating for nanoimprint lithography. The carbon content in the carbon-doped metal oxide films ranges from about 5 atomic % to about 20 atomic %.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antistatic deposition method of a wireless terminal component, which comprises depositing tin (Sn) or a tin-aluminum (Sn—Al) alloy on a molded material for a wireless terminal component. Also, the present invention discloses an antistatic deposition method of a wireless terminal component, which comprises: depositing tin (Sn) or a tin-aluminum (Sn—Al) alloy on a molded material for a wireless terminal component; and depositing one or more materials selected from the group consisting of Si, SiO, Ti, TiO, Al O and a mixture thereof on the deposited tin (Sn) layer or the deposited tin-aluminum (Sn—Al) alloy layer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns separator-electrode assemblies for lithium batteries and also a process for their production. The separator-electrode assemblies (SEAs) comprise a porous electrode useful as an electrode, ie. Positive (cathode) or negative (anode) electrode, in a lithium battery and a separator layer applied to this electrode. The separator electrode assembly (SEA) is characterized in that it has an inorganic separator layer comprising at least two fractions of metal oxide particles different from each other in their average particle size and/or in the metal, and an electrode whose active mass particles are bonded together and to the current collector by inorganic adhesive.

Abstract: A method for forming an oxygen resistant aluminum oxide layer on an outer surface of a thermocouple sheath composed of a nickel alloy containing between 1% to 7% aluminium comprises removing a pre-formed oxide layer from the outer surface so as to create a prepared sheath; performing a controlled oxidation by subjecting the prepared sheath to atmospheric conditions at a temperature between 1000° C. and 1250° C. so as to form the oxygen resistant layer on the thermocouple sheath and to thus form an oxidised sheath; and cooling the oxidised sheath so as to prepare the oxidized sheath for service.

Abstract: An extreme low resistivity light attenuation anti-reflection coating structure in order to increase transmittance of blue light. The coating structure includes a substrate and a coating module. The coating module is formed on a front surface of the substrate and composed of a plurality of mixture coating layers, a plurality of Al-based oxide coating layers and a plurality of metal coating layers that are alternately stacked onto each other. Each mixture coating layer is composed of silicon carbide compound and Ti-based oxide.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a hybrid nano-filament composition for use in a lithium battery electrode. The process comprises: (a) providing a porous aggregate of electrically conductive nano-wires that are substantially interconnected, intersected, physically contacted, or chemically bonded to form a porous network of electrically conductive filaments, wherein the nano-wires have a diameter or thickness less than 500 nm; and (b) depositing an electro-active coating onto a surface of the nano-wires, wherein the electro-active coating is capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions and the coating has a thickness less than 10 ?m, preferably less than 1 ?m. This process is applicable to the production of both an anode and a cathode. The battery featuring an anode or cathode made with this process exhibits an exceptionally high specific capacity, an excellent reversible capacity, and a long cycle life.

Abstract: A method of producing a photocatalyst according to the invention comprises forming an amorphous titanium oxide and heat-treating it in an atmosphere containing oxygen, whereby a photocatalyst having a good photocatalysis can be obtained. In particular, the amorphous titanium oxide is obtained by using the reactive sputtering method and via deposition at a low temperature and at a high film formation rate. This apparatus can be provided with cooling means to allow enhancement of the throughput of the film formation process.

Abstract: An electrochemical/electrically controllable device having variable optical and/or energetic properties, including a first carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a first stack of electrically active layers and a second carrier substrate including an electrically conductive layer associated with a second stack of electrically active layers. The first and second stacks each function optically in series on at least a portion of their surface and are separated by an electrically insulating mechanism.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing anodes used for the production of aluminium by fused bath electrolysis, said anodes comprising an anode stem made of a conducting metal and at least one block made of carbonaceous material called an anode block, said method including at least the following steps: a) obtain an anode stem; b) obtain a new anode block; c) fix one end of the anode stem onto the anode block, so as to give good mechanical attachment and good electrical connection between said stem and said anode block; said method being characterised in that before, during or after step c), but before placement of said anode in the electrolytic cell, a protective layer with a controlled thickness, typically between 5 and 25 cm composed of a material resistant to temperature and corrosion by the medium above the electrolytic bath is at least partially deposited on the upper surface of said anode block.

Abstract: A unique combination of solution stabilization and delivery technologies with special ALD operation is provided. A wide range of low volatility solid ALD precursors dissolved in solvents are used. Unstable solutes may be stabilized in solution and all of the solutions may be delivered at room temperature. After the solutions are vaporized, the vapor phase precursors and solvents are pulsed into a deposition chamber to assure true ALD film growth.

Abstract: An electrostatic dissipative paint including a plurality of particles having a composition selected from the group consisting of gallium magnesium oxide, gallium aluminum magnesium oxide and combinations thereof. The paint further includes an inorganic binder mixed with the particles to form a mixture. A method of making a thermal paint, a method of applying thermal paint and painted components are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided using wiring comprising aluminum to prevent hillock or whisker from generating, wherein the wiring contains oxygen atoms at a concentration of 8×1018 atoms·cm?3 or less, carbon atoms at a concentration of 5×1018 atoms·cm?3 or less, and nitrogen atoms at a concentration of 7×1017 atoms·cm?3 or less; furthermore, a silicon nitride film is formed on the aluminum gate, and an anodic oxide film is formed on the side planes thereof.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode employs a positive electrode active material wherein oxide containing Al and/or hydroxide containing Al having a protruding-shape is uniformly distributed and adhered to the surface of a positive electrode active material particle.