Abstract: Method and apparatus for manufacturing a heater roller which includes a cylindrical electrically insulating substrate having an outer circumferential surface, and an electrically resistive heat generating layer formed on the substrate for heating a desired member in evenly pressing contact with that member, wherein an electrically resistive paste for forming the electrically resistive layer is delivered from a paste delivery tube of a paste delivery device onto the outer circumferential surface of the substrate, while the cylindrical substrate is rotated about its axis and while the paste delivery device and the electrically insulating substrate are fed relative to each other in the axial direction of the cylindrical substrate, such that the relative feeding speed is controlled in relation to the relative position of the paste delivery device and the substrate in the axial direction of the substrate, within a range that permits formation of a film of the electrically resistive paste on the substrate, which fi

Abstract: A method of producing mirrors comprising depositing a reflecting metal layer by pyrolysis on a ribbon of hot glass during the glass production process characterized by applying to the glass ribbon prior to deposition of the reflecting metal layer a primer for enhancing metal nucleation on the glass. The invention also provides a method of producing mirrors during the glass production process the method comprising pre-treating the surface of a ribbon of hot glass with an activating agent and pyrolytically depositing over the pre-treated surface a reflecting metal layer.

Abstract: The green reflection color of back surface mirrors produced by deposition of a reflecting layer over two reflection enhancing layers on a glass substrate is controlled by selection of the layer materials and thicknesses to provide a reflection color having an a* value greater than -6, with a light reflection of at least 65%, preferably at least 70%. The inner reflection enhancing layer and reflecting layer are preferably of silicon, with the inner reflection enhancing layer having an optical thickness less than 125 nm; the intermediate reflection enhancing layer, which may be of silicon oxide, preferably has an optical thickness greater than 125 nm. The mirror may be produced by depositing the successive layers on a hot ribbon of glass during the glass production process.

Abstract: Liquid methyltin halide compositions and their use as intermediates in chemical synthesis and as precursors for forming tin oxide coatings on substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a luminant for a field emission display fabricated through PVD is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: forming a ZnO:Zn luminescent thin film on a glass substrate through PVD; and forming a conductive thin film on the ZnO:Zn luminescent thin film, to thereby change the luminescence threshold, brightness and luminescent color suitable for the operation characteristics of the emitter in a predetermined range, by controlling the thickness of the luminescent layer, temperature and ambient of heat treatment of the luminant.

Abstract: A blank master for manufacturing an optical disc is produced by the method including steps of grinding a glass disc, cleansing the glass disc, drying the glass disc, coating a binding agent on the glass disc, coating a photo resist on the glass disc within 24 hours from the grinding, and baking the glass disc.

Abstract: A method for making a tantala/silica interference filter on a vitreous substrate, which filter retains integrity at temperatures in excess of 600.degree. C., includes the steps of depositing by low pressure chemical vapor deposition a first coating of tantala/silica on the substrate, heat treating the first coating, and depositing by low pressure chemical vapor deposition a second coating of tantala/silica, the first and second coatings in combination providing a tantala/silica interference filter with a thickness of at least 3.5 microns on the vitreous substrate. There is further presented an electric lamp having an envelope and an interference filter applied thereto, in accordance with the above method.

Abstract: Thin multilayer signature control films having a large differential between the indices of refraction of adjoining layers are characterized by the use as the low index layer or layers of a material having a high coefficient of extinction and a very low index of refraction. The enhanced differential between the indices of refraction results in signature control materials which, in one embodiment, may be comprised of just a substrate and a coating and, in another embodiment, may be a supported or unsupported multilayer film comprised of as few as three layers that have performance characteristics equal to or exceeding prior art films comprised of 15-30 layers. Both continuous films and pigmented liquid coating compositions for signature control are provided. Improved pigments for liquid coating compositions are comprised of appropriately coated microspheres and microballoons.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing tranparent and conductive ultrathin films of metal carbide or metal nitride on a glass, ceramics or organic polymer substrate, which comprises the steps of exciting a surface of said substrate by irradiating said surface with a carbon or nitrogen ion beam; simultaneously vapor-depositing a transition metal onto said surface to form a carbide or nitride layer; and terminating the excitation and the vapor-deposition when the thickness of the metal carbide or nitride layer is in the range of 1 nm to 50 nm, and the light permeability of the metal carbide or nitride layer is in the range of 30% to 90%, wherein the conductivity of the metal carbide or nitride layer is in the range of 1 k.OMEGA./.quadrature. To 100 k.OMEGA./.quadrature..

Abstract: An optical disc having an aluminum reflective film is disclosed, wherein an oxide of Al in the stable oxidized state is introduced into the Al reflective film to eliminate changes with lapse of time to improve durability of the optical disc. A method for producing a reflective film on an optical disc is also disclosed, wherein a trace amount of oxygen is introduced into atmosphere in the course of formation of the reflective film.

Abstract: A process for improving the durability of a thin transparent coating deposited on a transparent substrate such as glass for controlling the spectrophotometric properties of said substrate, which consists of the deposition of one thin transparent layer of ZrO.sub.2-x or Zr transparent alloy oxides or a combination of transparent alloys containing ZrO.sub.2-x, according to a physical vapor deposition method that could be the same as the one utilized for the deposition of the base coating, without considerably altering its spectrophotometric features.

Abstract: This invention is a product comprising a transparent substrate of the glass substrate type (1), coated with at least one thin film (4) based upon an oxide comprising silicon, aluminum and at least one third element M facilitating the formation of a homogeneous mixed oxide structure of silicon and aluminum. The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing coated glass, especially by a gas phase pyrolysis technique, and its applications.

Abstract: A process for imprinting viewing fields on a cover glass is disclosed. First, the cover glass is annealed. A grid is then placed on the annealed cover glass. The grid has small openings which define the viewing fields. The annealed cover glass with a grid thereon is then coated with a thin film of an inert metal which can adhere to glass. The thin film is applied by way of a high vacuum coating method or a sputtering method. The grid is then removed from the coated cover glass. The coated cover glass is particularly useful in the preparation of microscope slides of filters having asbestos fibers or the like deposited thereon. A portion of the filter, which is smaller than the cover glass, is cut. The cut portion of the filter is placed onto either the coated cover glass or the microscope slide to form a filter combination. The filter combination is then cleared with a clearing solution. The filter combination is then fixed to the microscope slide or cover glass by means of a fixative.

Abstract: A method of producing front surface mirrors comprising depositing onto a hot ribbon of low transmissivity glass during the production process a low transmissivity reflecting coating whereby the mirrors have a transmissivity through the coated glass of up to about 10% in visible light. There is also provided a front surface mirror comprising a glass substrate of low transmissivity glass carrying a low transmissivity reflecting coating whereby the mirror has a transmissivity through the coated glass of up to about 10% in visible light.

Abstract: A narrow-band antireflective coating is comprised of a multilayer dielectric film formed on a dielectric substrate. The antireflective coating is initially formed so that its outer layer has a thickness greater than the thickness required for antireflection. The reflectivity is monitored while outer layer is reduced in thickness to reduce the thickness of the outer layer to reduce the reflectivity.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a glass substrate having deposited thereon an electroconductive coating useful for defrosting the glass. The coating comprises three layers. The first layer deposited on the glass is selected from the group consisting essentially of: (a) silicon oxide and (b) silicon nitride and it is deposited on at least a portion of a surface of the glass substrate. The second layer comprises an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting essentially of (a) aluminum doped zinc oxide and (b) gallium doped zinc oxide. It is deposited on at least a portion of the first layer in a thickness of at least 1 micron. This second layer has a sheet resistance of less than 20 ohms per square. A third layer comprising a protective material is deposited on and is at least coextensive with the second layer. It is deposited in a thickness of at least 10 microns and is selected from the group of materials consisting essentially of: (a) fluorine doped tin oxide, and (b) silicon nitride.

Abstract: A method of producing mirrors comprising depositing onto a ribbon of hot glass during the production process a coating comprising at least one pyrolytic reflecting layer and at least two reflection enhancing layers, the last applied or outer of the enhancing layers also serving as a protective layer for the coating. The mirrors have a visible light reflection of at least 35% and less than 70% and exhibit a bright silver or chrome appearance. There is also a provided a mirror having such a coating.

Abstract: Surface haze resulting from a rough surface of a substrate e.g. a fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass piece is reduced by coating the rough surface with a smooth surface coating of sufficient thickness to smooth out the rough surface e.g. coating the tin oxide layer with a silica film having a thickness of about 100 to 2000 Angstroms.

Abstract: Liquid methyltin halide compositions and their use as intermediates in chemical synthesis and as precursors for forming tin oxide coatings on substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a coated glass or ceramic article having a surface formed primarily from silicates, comprising the steps of contacting the uncoated glass or ceramic article in a gaseous atmosphere at a pressure of at least 700 Tort with a silane and a carbon source for a sufficient time at a temperature of less than 35.degree. C. to form a coating on and in the glass surface, wherein the coating comprises a silicon-carbide-containing layer having a thickness of at least 100 angstroms and containing 35 to 55 atom % carbon, between 15 and 30% silicon, no more than 10% elements other than silicon, oxygen, and carbon, and the remainder oxygen. Glass and ceramic surfaces having the indicated compositions are also part of the invention.

Abstract: A device for the formation, by pyrolysis, of a coating on a face of a hot glass substrate includes a vault; support elements for conveying the substrate along a path through a coating chamber defined between the main vault and the substrate; elements for supplying and distributing gaseous reagent to the coating chamber; elements for discharging exhaust gas from the coating chamber; and a plurality of struts. The elements for supplying and distributing gaseous reagent to the coating chamber include an ejection nozzle having defined therein a slot which opens directly into the coating chamber, has opposing longitudinal internal walls, extends transverse to the path of the substrate, and has a length which is substantially equal to the coating width of the coating formed. The plurality of struts are positioned at spaced intervals and connect the opposing walls of the slot together to thereby maintain the walls of the slot in substantially parallel disposition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a substrate having a modified orientation layer and a liquid-crystalline display device comprising such a substrate. The orientation layer is made from a polymer and is modified with organic groups which induce a pretilt in the liquid-crystalline material when they are used in a liquid-crystalline display device. According to the invention, for modifying the orientation layer use is made of a precursor compound of the organic groups which is vaporized, whereafter the substrate carrying the orientation layer is exposed to the vapour formed in the process. Preferably, the orientation layer comprises hydroxyl groups such as PVA, and a carboxylic acid halogenide such as an alkyloyl chloride is used as the precursor. A further favourable combination comprises orientation layers of polyamide acid and alkylamine precursor compounds.

Abstract: Fluorine doped tin oxide coatings on glass are prepared by providing a uniform, vaporized reactant mixture containing an organotin compound, HF, water and oxygen, and delivering the reactant mixture to the surface of the hot ribbon of glass, where the compounds react to form the fluorine doped tin oxide coating. The fluorine doped tin oxide coatings applied in accordance with the invention exhibit lower sheet resistance, and improved uniformity in sheet resistance over the coated surface of the glass.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a face plate on which are formed a first transparent layer which has a high refractive index and is conductive and a second transparent layer which has a low refractive index. Thereby, the reflectance of the outer surface of the face plate can be made low and, at the same time, an antistatic property can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is a liquid crystal display device comprising a color filter which comprises: a) a transparent substrate; b) an opaque material disposed as a pattern on a major surface of the substrate, which pattern defines borders within which a coloring agent or agents can be received; c) a silicate layer superposing the opaque material, the silicate layer having reactive sites; d) a sufficient concentration of organosiloxane groups bonded to the reactive sites of the silicate layer to render the opaque material dispersion inhibiting; and e) at least one coloring agent disposed within the borders defined by the opaque material.

Abstract: A thin-film EL element which does not permit the color of the emitted light to change irrespective of a change in the voltage, which remains chemically stable and which emits light of high brightness even on a low voltage. The element comprises two or more polycrystalline thin light emitting layers (4, 5, 6) and one or more thin insulating layers (3, 7). The interface between a thin film and a thin film constituting a light emitting layer is formed by epitaxial growth, and the electrical characteristics of the element are equivalent to those of a single circuit which includes two Zener diodes (12, 13) connected in series, a capacitor (14) connected in parallel with the serially connected Zener diodes, and a capacitor (15) connected to one end of the capacitor (14).

Abstract: A method for making a tantala/silica interference filter on the surface of a tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp having molybdenum leads includes depositing on the lamp surface by low pressure chemical vapor deposition the interference filter comprising alternating layers of tantala and silica. Thereafter, the filter is heat treated in an atmosphere of humidified inert gas containing less than 1% oxygen.

Abstract: The coated substrate product finds particular application in eyeglass and sunglass lenses, architectural glass, analytical instrument windows, automotive windshields and laser bar code scanners for use in retail stores and supermarkets. The product has greatly improved wear resistance for severe abrasive environments and comprises a substantially optically transparent substrate, a chemically vapor deposited first interlayer bonded to the substrate and a chemically vapor deposited outer layer of substantially optically transparent diamond-like carbon bonded to the interlayer and away from the substrate.

Abstract: Method for optimizing an optical assay device for an analyte, including the steps of: providing a substrate having a chosen thickness of an optically active layer thereon; providing an attachment layer of a chosen thickness on the optical coating; providing a receptive layer of a chosen thickness for the analyte, wherein at least one of the thicknesses of the optically active layer, attachment layer and receptive layer is varied to provide a plurality of thicknesses of that layer; contacting analyte with the receptive layer under conditions in which an increase in mass on the receptive layer results; and determining the optical thickness of the layer.

Abstract: The coated substrate product finds particular application in eyeglass and sunglass lenses, architectural glass, analytical instrument windows, automotive windshields and laser bar code scanners for use in retail stores and supermarkets. The product has greatly improved wear resistance for severe abrasive environments and comprises a substantially optically transparent substrate, one or more chemically vapor deposited interlayers bonded to the substrate and a chemically vapor deposited outer layer of optically transparent or substantially optically transparent hard and low friction material bonded to the interlayer and away from the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating a CRT screen after assembly. The method and apparatus includes isolating a surface portion of the CRT to be coated from the remaining surface to prevent or minimize coating problems resulting from outgassing and to isolate noncompatible components from the deposition environment.

Abstract: A metal nitride or oxynitride layer is pyrolytically deposited onto a transparent substrate by a process consisting of simultaneously bringing into contact at least one metal precursor and at least one amine as a nitrogen precursor into contact with said substrate which is heated for a high temperature.

Abstract: A method for applying a coating to a substrate comprises a gas distributor having an outlet disposed adjacent to the substrate for directing a gaseous reactant mixture to the surface of the substrate. A plurality of drop tubes are provided which communicate with and are spaced along the length of the distributor for supplying the gaseous reactant mixture to the distributor. The uniformity of the thickness of the coating which is applied to the substrate along its width is determined. Finally, one or more of the reactants or an inert gas is supplied to one or more of the drop tubes to alter the concentration of one or more of the reactants in the gaseous reactant mixture flowing through one or more drop tubes. The rate of deposition of the coating in the proximity of such drop tubes is thereby altered to improve the uniformity of the coating deposited.

Abstract: Lenses are brought individually or in pairs on a transport device (12) to a continuous vacuum apparatus (1) equipped with a rotating substrate carrier (3). The eyeglass lenses (13) are introduced through a system of locks (15) into the continuous vacuum apparatus (1), where they are coated in at least one controllable coating station (5, 6, 7) with at least one transparent layer and then sent back to the transport device (12). The eyeglass lenses (13) are given codes (18), and the codes are read by a code reader (19). The coating parameters of the individual coating stations (5, 6, 7) and the drive of the substrate carrier (3) are controlled by the code reader (19).

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a thin film, evaporated particles are generated by a vapor source and are clustered. The clustered evaporated particles are deposited onto a substrate in a vacuum atmosphere without ionizing the particles. A partial pressure of water in the vacuum atmoshpere is controlled to not more than 5.times.10.sup.-6 Torr. A temperature of the substrate is maintained to be 150.degree. C. or lower. A film according to this method has a high adhesion characteristics and a high mechanical strength without heating the substrate to a high temperature and without damaging the substrate by ions.

Abstract: A method of producing mirrors comprising depositing onto a ribbon of hot glass during the production process a coating comprising at least one pyrolytic reflecting layer and at least one color modifying layer whereby the mirrors exhibit color in reflectance and have a visible light reflection of at least 35% and less than 70%. There is also provided a mirror having such a coating.

Abstract: A temperable coated article with metallic properties is prepared by coating a glass substrate with a metal-containing film such as titanium nitride, which ordinarily oxidizes at high temperature, overcoating with a protective layer of a silicon compound which forms a durable layer and prevents oxidation of the underlying metal-containing film and undercoating with a stabilizing metal-containing layer. The coated article can be tempered without losing its metallic properties to oxidation.

Abstract: Optical thin films are produced on a substrate by alternate chemical vapor deposition of two metal oxides having different indices of refraction. Said oxides are prepared from reactants capable of decomposing to form only volatile by-products, typically alkoxides. The preferred oxides are titania and spinel.

Abstract: An optical structural element has a substrate and includes at least one wear protection system built up of one or several layers on the substrate. The layers are of at least one of the materials ZrO.sub.2, AlN,(Al,Cr).sub.2 O.sub.3, BN and diamond. A total thickness of the layers is more than about 100 nm and the mean transmission of the wear protection system is at least 10% in a spectral band of 10 nm within the visible light spectrum.

Abstract: A elemental mirror for vehicles having a luminous reflectance of at least about 30% includes a substrate coated with a thin layer of elemental semiconductor having an index of refraction of at least 3 and an optical thickness of at least about 275 angstroms. Preferably, the elemental semiconductor coating is sputter coated silicon or germanium and a light absorbing coating is included therebehind. The mirror is spectrally nonselective with elemental semiconductor optical thicknesses of about 275 to 2400 angstroms on the front substrate surface. Spectrally selective mirrors are provided by adding an interference coating to the elemental semiconductor layer coating, preferably of a dielectric such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, on either the front or rear substrate surface, or by using a thicker, single elemental semiconductor layer. Instead of an absorbing coating behind the mirror, additional elemental semiconductor and dielectric thin layers may be included to reduce secondary reflections.

Abstract: A magnetooptical recording medium provided with a first magnetic layer and a second magnetic layer having a higher Curie point and a lower coercive force than the first magnetic layer and being exchange coupled with the first magnetic layer satisfies the relation: ##EQU1## wherein H.sub.H is the coercive force of the first magnetic layer; H.sub.L is the coercive force of the second magnetic layer; M.sub.s is the saturation magnetization of the second magnetic layer; h is the thickness thereof; and .sigma..sub.w is the magnetic wall energy between the first and second magnetic layers.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a contrast-improving filter which uses a tri-layer comprising a metal layer, preferably silver, sandwiched between two metal precoat layers. The silver layer is thin so that it is substantially transparent to visible light. Additionally, the contrast-improving filter uses a silicon nitride layer between the tri-layer and further oxide layer to improve the durability and scratch-resistance of the contrast-improving filter.

Abstract: A method for improving the quality of a system of layers deposited on a substrate such as glass is provided, in which, the system of layers have an oxide-based surface layer, in particular n-type semi-conductor oxides such as SnO.sub.x, in which the surface layer is subjected to IR irradiation to provide a stabilization of the layer equivalent to or better than with a 48-hour exposure to the air.

Abstract: A method of producing mirrors comprising depositing onto a ribbon of hot glass during the production process a coating comprising a reflecting layer and at least two reflection enhancing layers whereby the mirrors have a visible light reflection of at least 70%. There is also provided a mirror having such a coating. In a preferred embodiment the coating comprises: an inner layer having a refractive index of at least 1.6; an intermediate layer of relatively low refractive index and; an outer layer having a refractive index of at least 1.6; the intermediate layer having a refractive index less than the refractive index of either said inner layer or said outer layer and less than 3, provided that at least one of said inner and outer layers is of silicon, the aggregate refractive index of the inner and outer layers is at least 5.5, and the thicknesses of the layers are such that the mirror has a visible light reflection of at least 70%.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a recording film composed of a mixture of a metal and an oxide or alternating layers of a metal and an oxide is formed by vacuum evaporation or sputtering from separate metal and oxide sources without inducing an oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal and oxide. The oxide has a standard enthalpy of formation which is higher than that of an oxide obtained by oxidizing the metal. Information is recorded by irradiating portions of the film with a laser beam so as to cause an exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal and oxide, thereby causing an optically detectible change in the optical constant of the film at the portions irradiated.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for producing optical thin films with a high laser damage threshold and the resulting thin films. The laser damage threshold of the thin films is permanently increased by irradiating the thin films with a fluence below an unconditioned laser damage threshold.

Abstract: A method for coating a moving substrate provides a coating having a chemical composition which varies continuously from the interface with the substrate to the opposite surface of the coating. The method involves directing a vapor coating composition toward a substrate surface and moving portions of the vapor in opposite directions. A vapor coating mixture may include a tin-containing precursor and a silicon-containing precursor. An accelerant, e.g. a phosphorus-containing precursor, may be used with the metal-containing precursors to increase the deposition rate of the coating. The coating deposited on the substrate has regions of continuously varying weight percent of silicon oxide and tin oxide as the distance from the substrate-coating interface increases, with the surface of the coating farthest from the substrate-coating interface being predominantly tin oxide.

Abstract: A deposition method for vapor deposition of a film of fluorine-containing glass on a substrate in which said substrate is put into contact with fluxs of the vapors of the various constituents of said glass, wherein said vapor fluxs are emitted simultaneously from at least two crucibles, a first crucible containing a host bath and main metal fluorides that constitute said fluorine-containing glass, and at least one second crucible containing dopants constituted by at least one rare earth halide.

Abstract: An organic functional thin film is comprised of a polymer of a molecule having two or more identical or different groups selected from the group consisting of a carbonyloxycarbonyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid halide group, a carboxyl group, a --COCl group, an --NCO group, a --CHO group and an epoxy group and a molecule having two or more identical or different groups selected from the group consisting of an amino group, groups containing at least one amino proton, an alkylamino group, a silylated alkylamino group, a carboxylic acid group and a hydroxyl group, formed by vapor-phase deposition, the polymer-forming molecules having at least partially one or more donor and/or acceptor groups. Similar organic thin films are also disclosed. These organic thin films are useful for various electronic applications.

Abstract: Optical storage media based on ablative metals give improved stability and offer improved write-read characteristics when they are overcoated with inorganic oxide, nitride, carbide, hydride, oxynitride or carbohydride to a reflectivity of 40-80% at the media write/read wavelength. Preferably the metal and overcoat are applied by sputter-depositing.