Abstract: The microarrays of the present invention are prepared by using a separate fiber for each compound being used in the microarray. The fibers are bundled and sectioned to form a thin microarray that is glued to a backing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for mixing nucleic acid with a water insoluble medium and application thereof, specifically to a method for mixing nucleic acid solution in a water insoluble medium through the addition of an intermediate solution. The medium is an inert medium and is not deteriorative to nucleic acid, and the intermediate solution increases solubility between the nucleic acid solution and the water insoluble medium. The resulted water-insoluble medium containing nucleic acid is used to label solid or liquid substances or articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of coupling multiple binding agents to respective areas of a substrate surface by hydrodynamic addressing, using two laminar fluid flows that flow together in the same direction over the substrate surface with an interface to each other to successively couple the binding agents to the substrate areas, wherein each successive coupling of a binding agent to a surface area is followed or preceded by selective deactivation or activation of a selected surface area according to a defined protocol. The invention also relates to the use of such a binding agent-coupled substrate surface for analytical purposes.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for immobilizing polypeptides, for forming arrays of polypeptides arranged on a support, and arrays produced using the methods of the invention. The immobilized polypeptides of the invention are generally in the same orientation, can be full-length and biologically active, and can be readily screened for a desired activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for selective molecular recognition, the device comprising a sensing portion, wherein said sensing portion includes a substrate having coated thereon a layer comprising a hyperbranched compound having:

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the treatment of surfaces using surface adsorbing polymers, methods for decreasing the adsorption of organic materials onto the surface of treated devices or vessels, methods for performing fluid operations involving the treatment of surfaces, and apparatus and systems comprising the treated surfaces. Further, the present invention provides a method for treating the surface of microfluidics channel wherein the microfluidics surface is coated for deactivation and wherein this coating can be easily regenerated. The present invention also provides a method for treating the surface of a plastic device. The surface adsorbing polymers of the invention are particularly stable at temperatures and conditions required for biochemical reactions, especially in applications involving temperature cycling or polymerization of polynucleotides or polypeptides.

Abstract: An exemplary system and method for bonding substrate layers in the presence of chemically active species to form functionalized microfluidic surfaces is disclosed as comprising inter alia a first substrate (100), a second substrate (200), a chemically functional species (120) attached to first substrate (100), and a radiatively absorptive mask material (130) disposed substantially between first substrate (100) and second substrate (200). Mask material (130) is suitably adapted to effectively bond first substrate (100) with second substrate (200) upon exposure of the composite structure to radiation of a predetermined, user-selectable wavelength. Disclosed features and specifications may be variously controlled, adapted or otherwise optionally modified to improve certain device fabrication parameters and/or performance metrics.

Abstract: A peptide comprising at least 5 amino acid residues and less than 15 amino acid residues, the peptide including an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 as well as pharmaceutical compositions, kits and methods for diagnosing and treating amyloid associated diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a probe immobilized substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the probe is able to be analyzed without any problems using various surface analysis methods, sampling inspection loss becomes minimum, and target substances are able to be promptly and cheaply detected and quantified.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for drying a probe immobilizing surface for preventing components of a probe solution used for immobilizing the probes from being left behind when the probe immobilizing surface of the substrate is dried.

Abstract: For synthesis of a support-bound array of oligomers with free ends A, whereby a temporary protecting group is provided on the 5′-OH end of the oligomers and permanent protecting groups on reactive side groups, it is proposed that the temporary protecting group is removed from the end B after combinatorial synthesis of the oligomers onto the support, the free ends B are then cross-linked even before splitting of the permanent protecting groups, then the covalent bond of the synthesised oligomers can be removed via the end A onto the support, resulting in free ends A, and a portion of the synthesised oligomers binds covalently to the support also after removal of the ends A from the support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plastic slide which after being chemically surface-treated is useful for the immobilization of proteins, peptides or small molecules to its treated surface and thus is useful in the fabrication of biochips. The plastic slide has at least one cavity chamber, wherein the depth of the cavity chambers may be the same or different and generally ranges from less than about 0.1 mm to up to about 0.5 mm. The present invention also relates to a plastic slide made of polystyrene, which after being surface-treated is useful for the immobilization of oligonucleotides or polynucleotides to its treated surface and thus is useful in the fabrication of DNA chips.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for attaching oligonucleotide to a solid support and an oligonucleotide array prepared by said method. In the present invention, an oligonucleotide array is prepared by the steps of: preparing a hydrophobic attachment layer; spotting solution of oligonucleotide in which a hydrophobic group is bonded to one side of its terminal onto the hydrophobic attachment layer; and solidifying the hydrophobic attachment layer.

Abstract: A method for depositing gold on a substrate is provided. By this aspect, nucleation centers are bound, deposited or formed at one or more sites on the substrate, the substrate is then contacted with a treatment composition which comprises soluble gold-providing agent from which gold is deposited onto a nucleation center to yield gold metal deposits. The method of the invention may be used for a variety of image enhancing techniques as well as diagnostic and analyte detection techniques.

Abstract: A method of preparing a microarray of polymer elements. The method includes providing a substrate surface, providing a plurality of individual monomers in a liquid phase, depositing said monomers as a plurality of discrete monomer elements on the substrate surface, and exposing the plurality of discrete monomer elements to initiating conditions to form polymer elements. A portion of the discrete monomer elements may include more than one type of monomer.

Abstract: An assay article for detection first biomolecules contained in a sample is described. The assay article includes a substrate having a modified surface and a first biomolecule directly adsorbed and immobilized on the modified surface of the substrate without linking moieties. A second biomolecule is bound to or adsorbed on the first biomolecule. Also disclosed is a method of making the assay article. A first biomolecule (other than an adhesive protein) is contacted with a modified surface of a substrate. The substrate is dried to directly adsorb the first biomolecule and immobilize it on the modified surface of the substrate without additional fixing steps to form an activated substrate. Then, a second biomolecule is contacted with the activated substrate under conditions sufficient for the first biomolecule to bind the second biomolecule.

Abstract: A substrate with a charged surface coated with one or more bilayers of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Subsequent optional bilayers of polyelectrolytes must bear alternating opposite charges. The final or top layer may be activated for biomolecular attachment.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an array with multiple sets of neighboring features. In the method, for each of multiple sets of neighboring features, at least one set of drops is deposited from a corresponding same pulse jet dispenser onto a substrate so as to form the array with the sets formed from drops deposited by respective different dispensers. Apparatus and computer program products which can execute a method of the invention, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to binding surfaces for the immobilization of ligands, ligand surfaces and structured surface arrays which present a plurality of identical or different ligands. The invention further relates to a process for the production and the use of such surfaces and to specific binder molecules which can be used for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, methods for synthesizing polymers on a substrate are provided. The method includes the steps of coupling a monomer into exposed areas of a substrate in positive-tone application of a photoresist, or coupling a monomer into unexposed areas of a substrate in negative-tone application of a photoresist, where at least one area of the substrate is coated with the photoresist.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for immobilizing nucleic acids on one of the surfaces of a non-porous organic polymeric material which does not carry any primary and/or secondary amine groups. The inventive method comprises the following steps: (a) an aqueous solution containing a nucleic acid as well as a dissolved salt is prepared, whereby the cation of the salt is selected from the group comprised of sodium, magnesium and of mixtures of these cations; (b) the solution mentioned in step (a) is brought into contact with the surface of the polymeric material, and; (c) the surface of the polymeric material, which is in contact with the solution, is irradiated with UV light after step (b) or simultaneously thereto.

Abstract: A method is provided for immobilizing lipid layers on solid-body surfaces, in which method the solid-body surfaces are modified such that the properties, in particular with regard to diffusivity, of the lipid layers which are deposited on the surfaces to a large extent correspond to those of lipid layers which have not been immobilized. In the method, the solid-body surface is firstly modified with molecules such that an essentially hydrophilic surface area is formed. In a second procedural step, lipid layers, in particular double lipid layers, are deposited on this modified surface.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and devices for detecting nucleic acids. The invention particularly regards composite arrays of immobilized amplification primers and hybridization probes. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for covalently immobilizing oligonucleotides and other biological molecules to glass and plastic surfaces.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an addressable array of chemical probes at respective feature locations on a substrate surface. The method may use a deposition apparatus with a substrate unit which includes the substrate and with a drop deposition unit which includes a drop deposition head. Such an apparatus when operated according to a target drive pattern based on nominal operating parameters of the apparatus provides the probes on the substrate surface in the target array pattern. The method may include depositing at least one drop from the head unit onto the substrate surface. A fiducial on the substrate unit is optionally viewed from a sensor. A deposited drop on the substrate surface is viewed from a sensor. An actual position of the viewed deposited drop may be determined relative to a fiducial on the substrate unit, based on the views of the fiducial and deposited drop. An error is determined based on any difference between the actual and target positions.

Abstract: A method of authenticating products or packaging by analyzing key ingredients on products or on product packaging is disclosed. Light-sensitive compounds can be used to identify the product or product packaging. The product or product package may include visible or invisible ink containing a particular light-sensitive compound. One or more light-sensitive compounds and ink, if used, may be printed in one or more locations on the product or product packaging to produce an authentication mark to inhibit inadvertent or intentional removal of the mark, thereby rendering the mark tamper-resistant. The mark is sealed to isolate the mark from the environment. A device may be used to irradiate the mark and read light absorption or emission. A controller determines the authenticity of the mark by comparing the emitted or absorbed properties to a standard.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, surface properties of a microarray are examined to detect manufacturing failure. The surface properties may be determined using FTIR.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of attaching hydrophilic species to hydrophilic macromolecules and immobilizing the hydrophilic macromolecules on a hydrophobic surface, to a nano-assembly and to uses of the nano-assembly.

Abstract: Method for the attachment and/or crystallization of macromolecules, chemical reagents used in the said method, products obtained as well as applications of the said products in the field of materials and of structural biology, in particular as biosensors or as biomaterials.

Abstract: A preparation method for biochips. The method comprises spraying a hydrophobic material onto a substrate by a micro injecting process to form a hydrophobic region thereon, wherein the hydrophobic region separates a plurality of partitions on the substrate, and immobilizing a probe on the partition by the micro injecting process.

Abstract: A nucleotide detector 10 includes: metal particles 12 having a size of the order of nanometers (diameter: about 6 nm) placed on a surface of a substrate 11 at high density with high precision (with spaces of about 12 nm between adjacent particles); and single-stranded DNAs (thiol DNAS) 13 having sulfur atoms at ends bonded to the gold particles 12. The thiol DNAS 13 are placed uniformly over the entire substrate 11 at high density with high precision. Therefore, once a fluorescence-labeled single-stranded DNA is hybridized with any of the thiol DNAs 13, high fluorescence intensity is stably obtained. This detector is therefore usable as a high-performance DNA sensor with a high SN ratio.

Abstract: Methods for producing ligand arrays, e.g., peptide and nucleic acid arrays, as well as the arrays produced thereby, methods for use of the arrays and kits that include the same are provided. In one embodiment of the subject methods, a substrate having a surface displaying acetate functional groups that produce surface bound hydroxyl functional groups upon hydrolysis is first provided, where the acetate groups are then hydrolyzed to hydroxyl functional groups. In another embodiment of the subject methods, a substrate having a surface displaying alkenyl functional groups is first provided, where the alkenyl functional groups are then converted to carboxylic functional groups. The resultant substrates, optionally after an additional functionalization step, are then contacted with ligands, e.g., via deposition of each different ligand onto a different region of the surface, resulting in covalent attachment of the contacted ligands to the surface.

Abstract: Microarray is produced by the method comprising the steps of forming a droplet of a liquid sample containing a biological substance at a pouring port of a micropipette by ejecting a predetermined amount of the liquid sample from the micropipette, supporting the micropipette at a position where the droplet formed at the pouring port can contact with a substrate, and transferring the droplet formed at the pouring port to the substrate, thereby spotting the sample on the substrate. The microarray has a plurality of visually identifiable spots of samples on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for printing a microarray on a substrate having a substrate surface is provided. At least one probe reservoir and at least one capillary bundle comprising a plurality of individual capillaries is provided. The output ends of the individual capillaries are secured in a print head such that the output ends of the capillaries are substantially coplanar in an array in a facet of the print head. The capillaries have a capillary pitch P. Probe is transported from at least one probe reservoir to the output ends of the capillaries. An array of probes are printed on the substrate such that the printed probes have a probe pitch of approximately P/N where N is an integer greater than one. Also provided is a method of associating proximal and distal ends of a plurality of capillaries in a capillary bundle. A plurality of fluids are loaded into the distal ends of the plurality of capillaries, each capillary having a unique fluid being loaded therein.

Abstract: A protein interaction method and composition are described. The method and composition are useful for a number of purposes including: reconstituting multisubunit protein complexes, identifying known binding subunits, determining the kinetics and order of self assembly of a multisubunit protein complex, and drug screening. The method involves contacting a conjugate with a solid surface having an immobilized first coil-forming peptide characterized by a selected charge and an ability to interact with a second, oppositely charged coil-forming peptide to form a stable &agr;-helical coiled-coil heterodimer, where the conjugate comprises (a) the second, oppositely charged coil-forming peptide, and (b) a first subunit polypeptide which is one of a plurality of subunit polypeptides in a multisubunit complex. By said contacting the conjugate is bound to the solid surface. Other subunits of the complex are added under conditions effective to promote self-assembly of the subunit complex on the solid surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, non-biological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for delivering a plurality of different biological materials onto discrete locations on a receiving surface, as for example to fabricate an array of different biological materials. The apparatus and methods may include a plurality of orifices in an orifice member, at least six delivery chambers each in fluid conducting relationship with at least one of the orifices, a plurality of reservoirs each in fluid communication with at least one of the delivery chambers, means associated with each orifice for propelling fluid through the associated orifice from the delivery chamber that is in fluid conducting relationship with the orifice, and a vent for commonly venting at least two of the reservoirs. In some embodiments the chambers and reservoirs are loaded with fluids containing selected biomolecules by drawing the selected fluids into the chambers through the orifices; in other embodiments the fluids are introduced into the reservoirs.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array of polymers and methods of forming arrays of polymers by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support and a second layer including a plurality of polymers disposed on the first layer. The invention also provides methods for forming an array of polymers on a substrate using light-directed synthesis by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support; derivatizing the first layer by contacting the first layer with a silanation reagent, and a second layer disposed on said first layer wherein the second layer includes functional groups protected with a photolabile protecting group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bio-molecule resistant surfaces for use in assays, particularly in assay devices such as arrays and microfluidic devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for synthesizing a plurality of compounds such as biopolymers on the surface of supports. The synthesis comprises a plurality of steps in which reagents for conducting the synthesis are deposited on the surface of the support to form precursors of the chemical compounds and, ultimately, the chemical compounds themselves. An error in the deposition may occur in one or more of the plurality of steps. In the method in accordance with the present invention, a reagent for forming the chemical compounds is deposited on the surface of the support. A determination is made as to whether an error occurred in the depositing of the reagent. If an error is detected, then, in accordance with the present invention, the support is treated to re-deposit at least some of those reagents that were not correctly deposited because of the error in the deposition step.

Abstract: Improved nucleic acid arrays are provided which have been prepared using nucleoside phosphoramidites having reduced levels of interfering phosphoramidite impurities.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for detecting a molecular recognition by electrochemiluminescence. Said method comprises the steps consisting in a) depositing an electronically conductive film on a support and attaching on said film a sensor molecule in order to obtain a test support; b) subjecting the sample to be tested to a protocol of marking the target molecule with an electrochemiluminescent marker; c) bringing the marked target into contact with the test support; d) rinsing the test support; and e) subjecting the test support rinsed in step d) to a reading of the electrochemiluminescence signal triggered by a direct, or indirect, electronic transfer between the target and the support via the electronically conductive film.

Abstract: Methods of performing array-based assays are provided. A feature of the subject methods is that a sample is initially contacted with a first substrate, i.e., a backing element, to produce a substrate supported sample. Next, the resultant substrate supported sample is contacted with an array of at least two different ligands, and the presence of any resultant surface bound binding complexes is detected. Also provided are backing elements, as well as kits and systems, for use in practicing the subject methods. The subject methods and compositions find use in any array based application, including genomic and proteomic applications.

Abstract: The invention is related to protein chips, the methods producing it, the use thereof, wherein the protein chip can operate multiple index detection in parallel. The protein chip comprises a solid carrier and proteins being detectable multiple index in parallel, the various of proteins are fixed on the carrier in order by automatic sample system. The parts that does not drop samples on the chip are blocked by blocking solution, lyophilized and stored. The invention is also related to the detection system of the protein chip above, comprising protein chip, mixture of various labelled proteins with peroxidase, diluent, chemical composition that can perform chemoluminescence reaction, detergent and standard.

Abstract: A method of making a microarray comprising the steps of: providing a support; coating on the support a fluid composition containing microspheres and gelatin; immobilizing the microspheres in the gelatin coating; partially digesting the gelatin with an enzyme to expose surfaces of the microspheres; and removing the enzyme and digested gelatin from the coating.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and compositions for testing for pregnancy and non-pregnancy in ungulates and non-hoofed ruminates. The tests provided by this invention are useful during a time that coincides with the estrus cycle during which breeding occurs or the first estrus cycle after breeding of a non-pregnant animal. The tests provided by this invention are useful in estrus and ovulation synchronization programs, with pregnancy testing useful at a time allowing for resynchronization of non-pregnant animals within the first estrus cycle. The tests provided by this invention assay for the presence, absence, or level of a selected IFN-&tgr;-induced protein in a sample from a female animal. The tests of this invention are useful for testing cells, blood, plasma, serum, cells, milk, nasal secretions, occular secretions, vaginal secretions, urine, and saliva samples. The tests provided by this invention are immunoassays.

Abstract: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor biointerface with a rigid thiol linker layer and/or interaction layer ligand loading with reversible collapse and/or iron oxide nanoparticle sensor response amplification.

Abstract: Improved composite microarray slides for use in micro-analytical diagnostic applications are disclosed. Specifically, composite microarray slides useful for carrying a microarray of biological polymers on the surface thereof including composite microarray slides having a porous membrane formed by a phase inversion process effectively attached by covalent bonding through chemical agents that comprise anchor/linker moieties to a substrate that prepares the substrate to sufficiently bond to the porous membrane formed by a phase inversion process such that the combination produced thereby is useful in microarray applications and wherein the composite microarray slides are covalently bonded to a solid base member, such as, for example, a glass or Mylar microscope slide, such that the combination produced thereby is useful in microarray applications. Apparatus and methods for fabricating the composite microarray slides are also disclosed.

Abstract: A medical diagnostic device has a non-absorbent substrate that has a hydrophilic target area on which a reagent is deposited by non-impact printing of microdroplets. During deposition, the device is moved relative to the stream of microdroplets to form a substantially uniform reagent layer on the substrate. The device is particularly well adapted for measuring blood coagulation times. In a preferred embodiment, coagulation times are determined by monitoring the optical transmission of light through the target area as an applied blood sample interacts with the reagent.

Abstract: Boronic acid containing polymers are used to form bioinert gels and multilayer surface structures. These polymers form crosslinked hydrogels, which are highly swollen in water. The crosslinking can either be chemical or physical. Water soluble polymers containing boronic acid groups, such as phenylboronic acid (PBA), can be physically crosslinked by mixing the polymers in water with other polymers containing hydroxyls or carboxylic acids. Alternatively, surfaces can be treated by stepwise incubation with a solution of the boronic acid containing polymer, followed by incubation with a solution of a diol or carboxylic acid containing polymer. Many successive layers can be generated, increasing the thickness of the formed structure at each step.