Abstract: The present invention provides a method that is capable of crystallizing a very small amount of solution arranged on a substrate at a predetermined position. By ejecting a solution prepared by dissolving a thin film forming material in a solvent using an ink jet method, droplets of the solution are arranged on the substrate. Crystalline nuclei are created in the solution by controlling a partial pressure of a gas made up of the same components as those of the solvent in the vicinity of the droplets immediately after being arranged to, e.g., a value equal to or substantially equal to the saturation vapor pressure. After creation of the crystalline nuclei, the partial pressure of the gas in the vicinity of the droplets is reduced.

Abstract: Methods are provided for removing edge beads from spin-on films. A spin-on film is removed from a region of a surface of a spin-coated substrate adjacent to an edge of the surface by spinning the spin-coated substrate, expanding a fluid through a nozzle to form a cryogenic aerosol stream, and directing the cryogenic aerosol stream against the spin-on film in the region as the substrate spins. In another aspect of the invention, a film is formed on a surface of a substrate by dispensing a liquid composition onto the surface, spinning the substrate to distribute the liquid composition to form a substantially uniform film on the surface, expanding a fluid through a nozzle to form a cryogenic aerosol stream, and directing the cryogenic aerosol stream against the film in a region of the surface adjacent to an edge of the surface as the substrate spins. The film may include an alkoxysilane and a low volatility solvent. The fluid may consists essentially of liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the emission of VOCs in a workstation is disclosed including a sensor to obtain a signal representative of the amount of coating discharged in the workstation, a database for storing data values representative of the signal, a network configured for allowing access to the database and at least one computing device for access to the database over the network and providing a user interface for presenting information representative of at least a portion of the data values. A method for monitoring the emission of VOCs in a workstation is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of using steam to achieve simultaneous impregnation and drying of lignocellulosic material to improve the strength of lignocellulosic material and to reduce the number of serial processing steps. The steam may be either indigenously generated by way of a heated press or heated nip, or the steam may be externally applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of using steam to achieve simultaneous impregnation and drying of lignocellulosic material to improve the strength of lignocellulosic material and to reduce the number of serial processing steps. The steam may be either indigenously generated by way of a heated press or heated nip, or the steam may be externally applied.

Abstract: A method of removing a polyethylene coating from a glass surface includes the steps of contacting the glass surface with a solution of ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2), rinsing the contacted surface with one or more rinses; and drying the surface. The thickness of the polyethylene slip coating applied to most commercial glass bottles is in the range 75-100˜m. The coating is removed by the process outlined above sufficiently to allow the application of an adherent decorative coating to the surface.

Abstract: A process for treating silica dielectric film on a substrate, which includes reacting a suitable hydrophilic silica film with an effective amount of a multifunctional surface modification agent. The film is present on a substrate and optionally has a pore structure with hydrophilic pore surfaces, and the reaction is conducted for a period of time sufficient for said surface modification agent to penetrate said pore structure and produce a treated silica film having a dielectric constant of about 3 or less, wherein the surface modification agent is hydrophobic and suitable for silylating or capping silanol moieties on such hydrophilic surfaces. Dielectric films and integrated circuits including such films are also disclosed.

Abstract: Electrolytic membrane comprising an ion-conducting polymer which is fixed in the pores of a porous polyalkene membrane stretched in at least one direction, wherein the polyalkene membrane has a porosity of 30-90% and a mean pore diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 &mgr;m. The electrolytic membrane can be manufactured by impregnating the polyalkene with a suitable solution of the ion-conducting polymer at a temperature which is at least 80° C., preferably at least 110° C., and which is not above the melting point of the polyalkene membrane used. The electrolytic membrane is very suitable for use in solid-polymer fuel cells and batteries.

Abstract: An organic film is coated on an insulating substrate and an organic solvent is infiltrated into the organic film to cause dissolution of the organic film to flatten the organic film. Thereafter, the flattened organic film is subjected to heat treatment at temperatures of 100 to 180° C. to evaporate the organic solvent included in the organic film. Evaporating the organic solvent included in the organic film at relatively low temperatures, i.e., temperatures of 100 to 180° C. makes it possible to reduce thermal stress on a wiring layer covered by the organic film and provide flatness of the surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoporous dielectric films and to a process for their manufacture. A substrate having a plurality of raised lines on its surface is provided with a relatively high porosity, low dielectric constant, silicon containing polymer composition positioned between the raised lines and a relatively low porosity, high dielectric constant, silicon containing composition positioned on the lines.

Abstract: The coater apparatus enclosure encloses the entire die of a coating apparatus includes an enclosure structure, a saturation station which saturates a supply gas with solvent, a device which supplies solvent-saturated gas to the enclosure to continuously purge the enclosure, and a device which controls the gas flow to the enclosure. The saturation station could include a heated jacketed vessel and a porous metal bubbler, or it could include a series of heat exchangers. No streaks can form due to coating fluid drying on the die lip because the gas supplied to the die enclosure is saturated with the solvent.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive stencil having a thermoplastic resin film, and a porous resin layer formed thereon. The stencil has an air permeability in the range of 1.0 cm3/cm2·sec to 157 cm3/cm2·sec in a portion thereof when the thermoplastic resin film of the portion is perforated to form perforations providing an open ratio SO/SP of at least 0.2, wherein SO represents a total area of the perforations and SP represents the area of the portion. The heat-sensitive stencil is prepared by applying a coating liquid containing the resin of the porous resin layer to the thermoplastic resin film and drying the coating. The coating liquid contains a mixture of a good solvent and a poor solvent less vaporizable than the good solvent so that the porous resin layer is formed after drying.

Abstract: A resist coating and developing processing apparatus comprises an airflow forming mechanism for forming airflows from the tops of a cassette station, a processing station, and an interface section toward the bottoms and a controller for controlling the airflow forming mechanism, in which the processing station includes draft openings communicating with the cassette station and the interface section respectively. The controller controls the airflow forming mechanism so that the pressure in the processing station becomes higher than the pressures in the cassette station and the interface section to form flows of air from the processing station into the cassette station and the interface section. Thereby, influence of impurity components such as particles, alkaline components, and the like and changes in atmosphere such as temperature, humidity, and the like exerted on processing can be effectively precluded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of a metal oxide thin film and a method for production of an arrayed metal oxide functional device, comprising the steps of: preparing a sol containing a material and a solvent; gelating the sol to give a gel member; processing the gel member under a pressure of not less than 0.2 MPa at 100 to 400° C. in a water-vapor-containing atmosphere; and conducting a heat treatment on the water-vapor-processed gel member at 200 to 400° C.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating a thin film of polymer, particularly a semiconducting thin film of polymer with an improved structural order, wherein the thin film is formed by deposition of a polymer material onto a solid substrate material from a polymer solution formed by means of a solvent, the polymer solution is provided in a closed container such that a free volume is left in the container above the polymer solution and the substrate material immersed in the solution, whereupon the substrate material with a thin film deposited thereon is withdrawn from the polymer solution with a withdrawal speed being selected dependent on the concentration of the polymer solution, until the substrate material is located in the free volume a certain distance above the polymer solution. The substrate material is kept in vertical position in the free volume while the solvent evaporates, whereupon the substrate material with the thin film is removed from the container for further drying in a vacuum oven.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving the biocompatibility of devices, especially medical devices which are invasively present within a patient's body and the improved medical device. The present invention particularly reduces the thrombogenicity of polyurethane materials in contact with the blood of a living patient. The method comprises providing a biocompatible medical device having polymeric polyurethane components thereon, exposing the polyurethane components of the medical device to polar solvents for said polymeric components while the polar solvents are in the vapor phase, and allowing said vapor phase exposure to continue for a sufficient amount of time as to reduce at least some irregular or sharp features on the surface of the polymeric component.

Abstract: A material having a substrate and a coating formed on the surface of the substrate, in which the coating contains a resin swellable with water such as an acrylic copolymer, and a water-soluble compound such as polyethylene glycol. When such a coating is formed on the surface of a material such as an office automation sheet, inks and other deposits can be easily removed with water from the surface, and the office automation sheet can be repeatedly used. Thus, such a coating is useful for reserving resources and protecting environments. Furthermore, dirts can be easily removed from furniture, electric appliances, and the like.

Abstract: A display structure is formed using patterned deposition of display materials. A substrate includes a plurality of distinct electrodes. A plurality of droplets including a material are formed and charged to a second polarity. First selected ones of the plurality of electrodes are charged to a first polarity opposite the second polarity to selectively attract the droplets including the material to the oppositely charged first selected ones of the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of nanoparticles of metal oxides containing inserted metal particles and to metal-intercalated and/or metal-encaged “inorganic fullerene-like” (hereinafter IF) structures of metal chalcogenides obtained therefrom is provided, which comprises heating a metal I material with water vapor or electron beam evaporation of said metal I material with water or another suitable solvent, in the presence of a metal II salt, and recovering the metal II-doped metal I oxide, or proceeding to subsequent sulfidization, yielding bulk quantities of metal II-intercalated or metal II-encaged IF structures of the metal I chalcogenide. The metal II salt is preferably an alkaline, alkaline earth or transition metal salt, most preferably an alkali chloride. The intercalated and/or encaged IF structures are usable as lubricants. They also form stable suspensions, e.g.

Abstract: A process for the production of insulator-coated black particles, which comprises the steps of (1-a) dispersing particles of silica or a metal oxide in an alcohol-based solvent consisting mainly of an intermediate alcohol to obtain a dispersion of the above particles, (1-c) forming a titanium oxide coating of TiO2 on the surface of each of the particles whose surfaces have been activated in the above step, to obtain titanium oxide-coated particles, (1-d) calcining the titanium oxide-coated particles obtained in the above step in a reducing and/or nitriding atmosphere and thereby blackening the above titanium oxide coatings to obtain black particles, and (1-e) forming an electrical insulator coating on a surface of each of the black particles obtained in the above step, to obtain insulator-coated black particles; characerized in that the process includes a step of (1-b) adding an alkaline aqueous solution to the dispersion obtained instep (1-a) to activate a surface of each of the particles of a metal oxi

Abstract: A process for producing a metallic protective layer whereby a metal-containing plating, cladding, paint or other coating is applied to at least a portion of a reactor system and then contacted with a gaseous stream containing hydrocarbons, such as impure hydrogen, thereby producing a continuous and adherent metallic protective layer. The gaseous stream preferably comprises hydrogen, which may be recycled. A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to touch-up procedures where a portion of an already protected reactor system is replaced or rewelded and the protective layer is formed as the replaced portion is brought on-stream.

Abstract: A method is provided for eliminating surface imperfections on a medical device having a drug release coating including a therapeutic substance in a polymeric carrier disposed on at least a portion of the medical device. The medical device is preferably a stent including wire-like members interconnected to form struts with open interstices therebetween. A therapeutic substance incorporate into a polymeric carrier is disposed on the surface of the stent through which process imperfections including polymeric fibers, polymeric particles or other polymeric surface aberrations or imperfections are formed. This imperfections are eliminated by contacting the polymeric coating with a vaporized solvent for a specified period of time.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive stencil including a porous support, and a thermoplastic resin film laminated on the support and having a surface smoothness of at least 10,000 seconds. The stencil is fabricated by bonding a thermoplastic resin film to a porous support with an adhesive having a specific viscosity and a specific volatile matter content, while maintaining each of the support and the film under a specific tension. The stencil may also be fabricated by applying a coating composition containing a resin and first and second solvents having a specific solubility and specific evaporation rates, and drying the applied composition to form a porous support. A printing master is produced by heating the above stencil imagewise by a thermal head with a heating energy of not greater than 0.05 mJ/dot.

Abstract: To provide a composition for the formation of insulating films that can form an insulating film having a low dielectric constant. The composition comprises (A) an electrically insulating curable resin selected from the group consisting of electrically insulating curable organic resins and electrically insulating curable inorganic resins; and (B) at least two solvents: (B)(i) a solvent capable of dissolving resin (A) and (B)(ii) a solvent whose boiling point or vapor pressure curve differs from that of solvent (B)(i) or whose affinity for resin (A) differs from that of solvent (B)(i). Also claimed is a method for forming a insulating films that have a dielectric constant of less than 2.7.

Abstract: Use for protective coatings of compositions comprising (% by wt.): A) from 10 to 60% of a A1) (per)fluoropolyethereal prepolymer having a polyisocyanic functionality obtainable by reacting a bifunctional having hydroxylic functionality, said fluoropolyethers having --CH.sub.2 OH terminations directly linked to a perfluoroalkylic group CF.sub.2 or CF.sub.2 CFX (X.dbd.Cl, F) or CF(CF.sub.3), with a polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate rings, preferably obtained by cyclotrimerization of HDI, IPDI or other monomeric diisocyanates, by utilizing an excess of isocyanate groups comprised between 10 and 80% by moles; the above fluoropolyether prepolymer can be partially or totally replaced by A2) non fluorinated polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate rings and/or hydrogenated polyisocyanate prepolymers;B) from 0.1 to 50% of a (per)fluoropolyether having bifunctional hydroxylic functionality of the type --CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --CF.sub.2 CFXCH.sub.2 OH (X.dbd.Cl, F) or --CF(CF.sub.3)CH.sub.

Abstract: This pertains generally to precursors and deposition methods suited to aerogel thin film fabrication of nanoporous dielectrics. A method of forming a nanoporous dielectric on a semiconductor substrate is disclosed. By a method according to the present invention, a precursor sol is applied as a nongelling thin film 14 to a semiconductor substrate 10. This substrate may contain patterned conductors 12, gaps 13, and/or other structures. A portion of the solvent is evaporated from the thin film 14 to produce a reduced thickness film 18. Film 18 is gelled and may be aged. A surface modification agent is introduced to the reaction atmosphere in a vaporish form, e.g., a vapor, mist, aerosol, or similar form. The surface modifier can then diffuse into, condense onto, and/or settle onto the wet gel and then diffuse throughout the thin film. This vaporish introduction of the surface modification agent ensures that there are no strong fluid flows across the wafer that might damage the wet gel.

Abstract: A method for producing an alignment chemisorption monomolecular film having high efficiency of washing solution and being excellent in alignment property of molecules constituting the alignment monomolecular film. The method comprises the step of forming a monomolecular film by chemisorption on a hydrophilic surface of a base material by bringing the hydrophilic surface into contact with a silane-based surfactant having a carbon chain or a siloxane bond chain so as to cause a chemical reaction between them, thereby bonding one end of the surfactant molecules to the hydrophilic surface, orienting the base material in a predetermined orientation, and then vapor washing the base material in vapor of an organic solvent, and aligning molecules constituting the monomolecular film by the flow of condensation of the organic solvent formed on the surface of the base material during the vapor washing.

Abstract: An apparatus for spin coating surfaces with liquid polymer comprises a spin coating chamber having a rotatable chuck for supporting an object to be coated. A distributor introduces gases into the chamber. A solvent vapor and carrier gas supply provides a carrier gas having a controlled level of solvent vapor therein within the range of from 0 to saturation concentrations of solvent vapor. A solvent vapor sensor is positioned with respect to the coating chamber to produce signals which correspond to the concentration of solvent vapor in the coating chamber. A control means is connected to the solvent vapor concentration sensor and to the solvent vapor and carrier gas supply means for controlling the level of solvent concentration in the carrier gas supplied by the solvent vapor and carrier gas supply means. The solvent vapor level can be obtained by controlled mixing of solvent-bearing and solvent-free gas streams, or by injection of solvent into a gas stream by means of an atomizer, for example.

Abstract: A process for spreading and flowing in a flowable dielectric during manufacture of an integrated circuit resulting in greater planarity and better gap filling ability. The process involves spinning the integrated circuit while controlling evaporation of the solvent from the flowable dielectric to increase the amount of flow in time and decrease spin velocity during flow in to improve planarity in gap filling ability. The process includes supporting the integrated circuit in a chamber; dispensing the flowable dielectric in a solvent on the integrated circuit in the chamber; covering the integrated circuit to provide a controllable environment within the chamber after the step of dispensing; spinning the integrated circuit while controlling the controllable environment to spread and flow in the flowable dielectric; uncovering the integrated circuit within the chamber; spinning the integrated circuit to spin off flowable dielectric; and curing the flowable the flowable dielectric.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for coating substrates by a liquid spray so as to avoid entrapment of gaseous bubbles, particularly air bubbles, in the coating and desirably to thereby obtain bubble-free coatings. More particularly, the invention involves spray applying the coating to a substrate in an atmosphere consisting of gases having appreciable solubility in the applied coating, such as carbon dioxide, such that gas bubbles that may become entrapped in the coating are removed after application by the gases dissolving into the coating and diffusing to the surface.

Abstract: The properties of cement matrices are improved by one or more of the three processes which can be performed individually, sequentially, or in any desired combination. In each instance a supercritical fluid including at least one substance other than CO.sub.2 is flowed through the matrix and the matrix is contacted by the substance to change, e.g. react, constituents of the two with each other. Alternatively, the supercritical fluid can be used as a solvent, itself or by combining it with a solvent which itself may or may not be supercritical, and the fluid is infused into the matrix to carry into the matrix and there deposit the dissolved material. This step can be repeated with another supercritical fluid which has a reactant for the material dissolved so that, upon the infusion of the second supercritical fluid, the initially deposited material and the reactant react to provide the matrix with desired characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a processing apparatus comprising holding means, support means, process solution supply means, life means, and rotating means. A substrate to be processed is rotatably held by the holding means. An overhanging portion of the substrate extending over an edge of the holding means is supported by the support means to maintain a front surface of the substrate horizontally flat. A process solution is supplied from the process solution supply means onto the front surface of the substrate held by the holding means and supported by the support means. The substrate held by the holding means is vertically moved by the lift means relative to the support means. Further, the substrate moved upward relative to the support means is rotated by the rotating means.

Abstract: A method of application of a liquid or pasty medium onto a moving material web consisting, in particular, of paper or cardboard, in which a direct application (2) of a liquid or pasty medium (4) onto one side of a moving material web (1) and a contactless deflection (3) of the moving material web along a curved path of motion ensues, the side of the moving material web to be provided with the liquid or pasty medium passing through a concave curvature and the direct application (2) of the liquid or pasty medium ensuing directly ahead of the deflection (3) or during the deflection as a free jet along a contactlessly guided section of the moving material web. Additionally, an apparatus for implementing the method is described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that prevents premature drying of a layer of a water-based coating composition on a substrate are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new uses of difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (E245) or of compositions which contain difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane together with a further solvent (cosolvent). The invention furthermore relates to new compositions of E245 as a mixture with some of these solvents. A preferred process of use is fixing toner applied to a recording material in the fixing device of a printing or copying apparatus by means of a fixing vapor composed of difluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (E245) alone or in admixture with a cosolvent.

Abstract: Systems for initiating the polymerization of acrylic monomers comprising (1) organoborane amine complexes and (2) decomplexers comprising at least one anhydride group. Adhesive compositions prepared from the initiator systems advantageously exhibit low levels of mobile constituents, excellent solvent resistance, and good adhesion to low energy surfaces.

Abstract: A process for preparing articles having a fluorocarbonsulfonic ionomer layer, such as membranes and catalysts, is disclosed wherein the fluorocarbonsulfonic ionomer is deposited upon support using an new annealing process. The annealing process of the present invention includes the step of heating a fluorocarbonsulfonic ionomer coated substrate in the presence of a vaporous solvent. This process provides for fluorocarbonsulfonic ionomer coated articles which can be annealed quickly at temperatures below the degradation point of many desirable support materials.

Abstract: A transparent brittle film prepared from a resin composition comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin, (B) 20 to 200 parts by weight of an acrylic resin, (C) 20 to 250 parts by weight of fused silica comprising aggregates of particles having an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 20 .mu.m and individual particle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 100 .mu.m or aluminum hydroxide or barium sulfate comprising aggregates of particles having an average particle diameter in the range of 1 to 20 .mu.m and individual particle diameters in the range of 0.2 to 50 .mu.m, (D) 0 to 40 parts by weight of a plasticizer, and (E) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a stabilizer. The film is brittle, easily torn, and transparent, has a suitable degree of flexibility and hardness, and can be produced inexpensively and easily.

Abstract: A process for treating wood involving impregnation of the wood with a preservative followed by the heat-fixation of the preservative in the wood using a pre-heated aqueous heat transfer fluid to effect the heat fixation of the preservative. The process particularly relates to steps which are taken to reduce the level of any contamination of the aqueous heat transfer fluid resulting from any wood extractives, any unfixed preservative and/or any particulate matter (i.e. "sludge") that may be present in the fluid. The contamination is preferably reduced by incorporating in the heat transfer fluid an oxidant which will preferentially oxidize any wood extractives resulting from the contact of the treated wood with the fluid without any significant reaction occurring between the oxidant and the preservative. Useful oxidants include inorganic chlorate salts such as sodium chlorate.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic wax dissolved in the continuous organic phase of an water-in-oil emulsion retards evaporation of water from a dispersed aqueous phase. An in situ prepared equilibrium mixture of benzyl alcohol, formic acid and benzyl formate emulsified with oleic hydroxyethyl imidazoline or similar oil soluble emulsifying agent is thickened with hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight paraffin wax with a melting point of 47.degree. to 65.degree. C. Wax dissolved in the organic phase retards evaporation of water, and formic acid or ammonia which are very volatile in comparison with benzyl alcohol forming the major component of the organic phase. A petroleum distillate is used to pre-wet a hydroxypropyl cellulose thickener and dissolve the wax.

Abstract: Water-free, gaseous sulfur trioxide is used as an agent to form patterns in organic coatings, films, and layers, including photoresists, by etching areas exposed to the agent through an overlying mask or by developing a latent image of the desired pattern using the agent as a dry-developer.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of fabricating a printing medium that is suitable for use with ink jet printing. The method includes preparing a polymeric dope solution. The polymeric dope solution is metered onto a substrate. A porous coating layer is formed on the substrate from the polymeric dope solution using a phase inversion technique. At least one component of an ink solution placed upon the porous coating layer is drawn into the porous coating layer to cause the ink solution to dry on the porous coating layer.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to aging methods suited to aerogel thin film fabrication, and particularly to techniques for improving gel strength and/or aerogel dielectric constant by a rapid aging technique, which avoid damage or premature drying of wet gel thin films during aging. A substrate having a wet gel thin film deposited thereon is contacted with a saturated water vapor atmosphere, preferably at an elevated pressure and a temperature greater than 100.degree. C. The method may comprise a vapor-phase exchange step to remove low boiling point pore liquids such as ethanol prior to or during aging. The method may also comprise a vapor-phase exchange step to replace water in the wet gel with another pore liquid such as acetone to stop the aging process and prepare the wet gel for drying. A vapor-phase aging catalyst (e.g. ammonia) may also be used to enhance the aging process.

Abstract: Luster pigments obtainable by treating titania-coated silicate-based platelets at from 400.degree. to 900.degree. C. with a gas mixture comprising a vaporized organic compound and ammonia are useful for coloring paints, inks, including printing inks, plastics, glasses, ceramic products and decorative cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic wax dissolved in the continuous organic phase of an water-in-oil emulsion retards evaporation of water from a dispersed aqueous phase. An in situ prepared equilibrium mixture of benzyl alcohol, formic acid and benzyl formate emulsified with oleic hydroxyethyl imidazoline or similar oil soluble emulsifying agent is thickened with hydroxypropyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and contains 0.1 to 1.0% by weight paraffin wax with a melting point of 47.degree. to 65.degree. C. Wax dissolved in the organic phase retards evaporation of water, and formic acid or ammonia which are very volatile in comparison with benzyl alcohol forming the major component of the organic phase. A petroleum distillate is used to pre-wet a hydroxypropyl cellulose thickener and dissolve the wax.

Abstract: A process for spreading and flowing in a flowable dielectric during manufacture of an integrated circuit resulting in greater planarity and better gap filling ability. The process involves spinning the integrated circuit while controlling evaporation of the solvent from the flowable dielectric to increase the amount of flow in time and decrease spin velocity during flow in to improve planarity in gap filling ability. The process includes supporting the integrated circuit in a chamber; dispensing the flowable dielectric in a solvent on the integrated circuit in the chamber; covering the integrated circuit to provide a controllable environment within the chamber after the step of dispensing; spinning the integrated circuit while controlling the controllable environment to spread and flow in the flowable dielectric; uncovering the integrated circuit within the chamber; spinning the integrated circuit to spin off flowable dielectric; and curing the flowable the flowable dielectric.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core with a coating thereover comprised of at least one polymer resin and at least one fibrillated or non-fibrillated fibrous carbon additive, and wherein the outer surface of the coated carrier is fibrillated.

Abstract: A light guide includes a hollow tubular cladding of a fluorocarbon resin having a methacrylic or acrylic monomer graft polymerized inner surface. The cladding is integrally filled with a core of a methacrylic or acrylic resin which is polymerized to the graft polymerized surface.

Abstract: This invention applies to methods for creating opaque indicia on substrate surfaces and to non-pigmented, moisture-free, jet ink compositions containing only solvents and solvent soluble resins and dyes that exhibit the acceptable characteristics of opacity, contrast, adhesion to non-pigmented, moisture-free, jet ink compositions containing only solvents and solvent soluble resins and dyes that exhibit the acceptable characteristics of opacity, contrast, adhesion and machine compatibility. The compositions are on weight percentage basis as stated below. The compositions contain a combination of film forming resins of varying weight average molecular weights of a dry resin solids percentage between 8 and 15%. The resins are chosen from the following: nitrates of cellulose; acrylics; alkyds; vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymers; and styrene acrylic.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for coating a substrate with a polymer solution to produce a film of uniform thickness, includes mounting the substrate inside an enclosed housing and passing a control gas, which may be a solvent vapor-bearing gas into the housing through an inlet. The polymer solution is deposited onto the surface of the substrate in the housing and the substrate is then spun. The control gas and any solvent vapour and particulate contaminants suspended in the control gas are exhausted from the housing through an outlet and the solvent vapor concentration is controlled by controlling the temperature of the housing and the solvent from which the solvent vapor-bearing gas is produced. Instead the concentration can be controlled by mixing gases having different solvent concentrations. The humidity of the gas may also be controlled.