Abstract: The radiation-selective absorber coating, in particular for an absorber tube of a parabolic trough collector, includes a reflective layer which is reflective in the infrared range, at least one barrier layer arranged below the reflective layer, at least one absorption layer arranged above the reflective layer, an antireflection layer arranged above the absorption layer and at least one adhesion-enhancing layer arranged between the barrier layer and the reflective layer. The adhesion-enhancing layer preferably is a molybdenum layer, but can also be provided by a copper, titanium, titanium oxide, or silicon layer. The adhesion-enhancing layer preferably has a thickness of 5 to 50 nm.

Abstract: A method for reducing surface roughness of an article includes contacting a surface of an article with a molten metal agent, the surface having an initial roughness; altering at least a portion of the surface in the molten metal agent; and removing the surface from contact with the agent; wherein, after the removing step, the surface has a processed roughness that is less than the initial roughness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for hot-dip coating a metal strip with a metal covering, wherein the metal strip is directed continuously through a melt bath, wherein the thickness of the metal covering present on the metal strip when it leaves the melt bath is adjusted by means of a scraping device, and wherein slag which is present on the melt bath is driven away from the metal strip leaving the melt bath by means of a gas flow. To prevent slag from coming into contact with the metal strip leaving the melt bath, the invention drives away the slag from the metal strip by means of at least one nozzle which is arranged in close proximity to the metal strip, that a gas flow which extends over the width of the metal strip is directed onto the surface of the melt bath.

Abstract: A plant for coating a strip (5) by means of continuous hot dipping, comprising a containment tank (2) to contain molten zinc; a coating vessel (3) receiving the molten zinc, arranged above the containment tank and provided with an opening (4) on a bottom thereof for passing the strip; a chamber (6) arranged below the coating vessel and provided with guide rollers (7, 8) to guide the strip towards said opening; wherein the containment tank is arranged below the guide rollers so that chamber and containment tank form a single place, and wherein there is provided an intercepting and conveying system (9), arranged within the chamber, to intercept and convey the molten zinc leaking from said opening into the containment tank, said intercepting and conveying system being configured to bypass and wind the guide rollers and the strip being fed towards said opening.

Abstract: A process for metalizing a ceramic surface or attaching a ceramic to a metal is provided. The process may comprise: immersing the ceramic into an aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, making the ceramic move or stay still relative to the melt to adhere the melt to the ceramic; and then removing the ceramic from the melt to unaffectedly cool the film adhered thereto. The process can attach an aluminum or aluminum alloy thin film having a thickness of several to tens of micrometers on a ceramic surface. The thin film is formed by solidification, and does not have microscopic faults such as oxide film inclusions or pores, therefore having proper physical of mechanical properties of aluminum. Ceramics or a ceramic and a metal can be brazed via the surface metalizing film, the bonding strength of their interface can over the strength of aluminum itself. This invention discloses a process for metalizing the surface of a ceramic and a process for attaching a ceramic to a metal.

Abstract: A coated article is provided with a coating including at least one underlayer and a hydrophobic layer over at least the underlayer. The hydrophobic layer may have properties such as high contact angle ?. Hydrophobic properties of a multi-layer coating may be improved by depositing the underlayer(s) using flame pyrolysis.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot dip plated steel sheet, the method controlling a coating weight by injecting a gas toward a surface of a steel sheet from a time when the steel sheet continuously immersed into a plating bath is pulled up from the plating bath to a time when plating metal adhered onto the surface of the steel sheet is solidified, the method includes: setting an oxygen concentration of a bath surface of the plating bath to be more than or equal to 0.05 vol % and less than or equal to 21 vol % when the gas is injected toward the surface of the steel sheet; and setting an oxygen concentration in a space of an end of the steel sheet at a position where the gas collides with the steel sheet pulled up from the plating bath to be more than or equal to 0.05 vol % and less than or equal to 3 vol % when the gas is injected toward the surface of the steel sheet.

Abstract: Hot dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in shapeability and plateability comprised of high strength steel sheet according to the present invention can be provided containing, by mass % about, C: 0.05 to 0.25%, Si: 0.3 to 2.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 2.8%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.5%, N: 0.0060% or less and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The exemplary steel sheet can have thereon a galvanized layer containing, e.g., about Al: 0.05 to 10 mass % and Fe: 0.05 to 3 mass % and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities. Such exemplary hot dip galvanized steel sheet can have oxides containing Si in an average content of about 0.6 to 10 mass % at the crystal grain boundaries and in the crystal grains at the sheet steel side 5 ?m or less from the interface between the high strength steel sheet and the plating layer and by the presence of Fe—Zn alloy with an average grain size of about 0.5 to 3 ?m at the plating side.

Abstract: An approach is provided for depositing a material onto a printed circuit board layer. The approach includes steps of treating surface of a base film, forming a tie layer on the base film, forming a metal conductive layer on the tie layer, and depositing a metal on the metal conductive layer by radiating electronic beams to form a metal plated layer thereon. The above steps are continuously performed in a vacuum chamber. The approach also includes an unwinding roller, film guide rollers, a surface treating part, tie layer and copper conductive layer, a vacuum depositing part for depositing a metal plated layer on the metal conductive layer by radiating electronic beams, and a winding roller, all of which are provided in a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal-graphite foam composite, and particularly, the utilization thereof in connection with a cooling apparatus. Also provided is a cooling apparatus, such as a liquid cooler or alternatively, a heat sink for electronic heat-generating components, which employ the metal-graphite foam composite.

Abstract: A method for sputtering a thin film protective layer with improved durability is disclosed. The method reduces kinetic energy of the ions of the overcoat material during the initial period of deposition to form a buffering interface which reduces the interpenetration of the atoms of the protective layer into the underlying film. In the method of the invention the sputtering of the overcoat preferably begins with zero (or very low) voltage applied to the underlying film resulting in minimal ion implantation in the underlying film. The “high energy” phase of the process begins with increases in the magnitude of the negative bias voltage applied to the underlying film. The higher energy imparted to ions in the plasma result in a denser and harder film being formed over the initial buffer layer. The protective layer preferably comprises carbon and nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of coating dual phase high strength cold rolled steel having controlled amounts of carbon, manganese, and molybdenum is used as a starting material in a galvanizing/galvannealing process. Conditions in a multi-zone furnace of the galvanizing line can be controlled in a conventional manner while still effectively coating the high strength steel. A dual phase high strength steel product is made having a uniform coating of zinc in spite of the high manganese content of the steel.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a plated steel material and a method of production the same, having enhanced corrosion resistance and workability required for outdoor and exposed uses such as structures, revetments, fishing nets, fences, etc.

Abstract: This invention provides a plated steel wire with high corrosion resistance and excellent workability, wherein the average composition of the plating alloy in the plated steel wire comprises, in terms of weight percentage, Al: 4-20%, Mg: 0.8-5%, and if necessary one or more from among Si: ≦2%, Na: 0.001-0.1% and Ti: 0.01-0.1%, with the remainder Zn, and an Fe—Zn alloy layer of no greater than 20 &mgr;m thickness is present at the plating-base metal interface; it is produced by coating a steel wire with a molten zinc plating composed mainly of zinc as the first stage and then.coating it with a molten zinc alloy plating with the aforementioned average composition as the second stage. The maximum plating bath immersion time is 20 seconds, and the part of the plated steel wire drawn out from the plating bath is purged with nitrogen gas.

Abstract: In order to prevent particles generated in the preparation of a chemically reinforcing molten salt from getting into an operation atmosphere for performing a chemical reinforcement, a chemical reinforcement tank 2 and a dissolution tank 10 for preparing the chemically reinforcing molten salt are separated from each other. In a typical embodiment, the chemical reinforcement tank is disposed in a clean room 35, and the dissolution tank 10 is disposed outside the clean room.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the production of a strip-like metallic composite material by the high-temperature dip coating of a metallic carrier strip, consisting of a metallurgic vessel for receiving the liquid depositing material, through which the carrier strip is capable of being led in a preferably vertical run-through direction by means of pairs of rollers arranged on the entry and the exit side, and of a preheating device for the carrier strip, said preheating device being located upstream of the metallurgic vessel. At the same time, the preheating device (41) is arranged in a housing (61) which is arranged in the entry region upstream of the metallurgic vessel (11) and surrounds the carrier strip (21) and into which the medium coming from a media supply (52) is capable of being introduced via at least one feed (51) led into the housing.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus forms a thin film of high-dielectric or ferroelectric such as barium/strontium titanates, or a copper film for wiring on a substrate, and has a gas ejection head for individually introducing at least two gases including a material gas and ejecting the gases toward a substrate to be processed. The gas ejection head has at least two gas passageways for individually introducing the two gases, and at least two temperature control devices for individually controlling temperatures of the gases flowing through the gas passageways.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hybrid treatment into which CVI treatment and PIP treatment are combined. A dense matrix is formed around a ceramic fiber by the CVI treatment, and a gap in the matrix is infiltrated/filled well with the matrix by the PIP treatment, so that hermetic properties are enhanced. Moreover, when a volume ratio of the matrix by the CVI treatment in the total matrix is set to about 5% or more, about 80% or less, fine cracks are present in the matrix by the PIP treatment, so that a binding force of the ceramic fiber is weakened, and Young's modulus can be reduced. As a result, a thermal stress is alleviated and a resistance to thermal shock is enhanced.

Abstract: A process for galvanizing a metal strip having a given area in a continuous galvanizing line through which the strip is run at a given speed comprising, in series, the steps of: (iii) pre-heating the metal strip; (iv) annealing the metal strip; (v) cooling the metal strip; (vi) dipping the metal strip into a bath comprising liquid zinc or a liquid zinc alloy, the steps (i)-(iv) being maintained in closed fluid contact with each other; (vii) circulating a reducing atmosphere comprising an inert gas and hydrogen to the steps (i)-(iv) in the galvanizing line and exposing the metal strip, before the step (iv) of dipping the metal strip into the bath, to the reducing atmosphere in order to remove oxides present on its surface, (viii) replenishing the reducing atmosphere in the galvanizing line by injecting the reducing atmosphere into the line and adjusting the hydrogen flow rate depending on the area of the metal strip to be treated per unit time.

Abstract: A process is provided for depositing a silver coating on a metallic component of a feedthrough assembly to displace surface oxide and to deposit a conductive finish suitable for making an electrical connection. The feedthrough assembly includes a ferrule, an insulator mounted within the ferrule, and at least one tantalum terminal pin extending through the insulator. An inert gas dispensing hood is positioned over the terminal pin to create an argon gas environment around the terminal pin to prevent oxidation. A ground electrode of an electric circuit is connected to the feedthrough assembly. The electric circuit includes a direct current power source electrically connected to a resistor and a high energy storage capacitor. An active electrode of the electrical circuit is attached to a silver anode.

Abstract: A device and a process for producing thin steel metal bars in which an elongated metal product is brought into contact with a molten metal causing the latter to crystallize. Different materials are used for the elongated metal product and the molten metal, whereby one of the materials is a stainless steel. A temperature of the elongated metal product, a temperature of the molten metal and a dwelling time of the elongated metal product in the molten metal are set in such a way that the molten metal crystallizes on the elongated metal product so as to form a layer having a thickness of 2% to 20% of a thickness of the elongated metal product.

Abstract: A composite comprised of reinforcement fibers having a continuous coating of a metal nitride wherein the metal is from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, and mixtures thereof, and a molten silicon infiltration formed silicon carbide matrix. The reinforcement fibers are fibers from the group consisting of elemental carbon, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof. A method of forming the composite comprises depositing a continuous coating of the metal nitride on the fibers. A carbonaceous material is admixed with the coated fibers so that at least 5 volume percent of the mixture is the coated fibers. The mixture is formed into a preform having an open porosity ranging from about 25 volume percent to about 90 volume percent of the preform. The preform is heated in an inert atmosphere or partial vacuum, and infiltrated with molten silicon to produce an infiltrated product having the composition of the composite.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a reaction bonded silicon carbide by the infiltration of molten metal by using a porous silicon carbide/carbon or carbon preform in which the molten metal is supplied to the carbon preform by capillary action through a pyro-carbon coated dense graphite feeder on which a transfer path of molten metal is defined from a molten metal supplier under an inert atmosphere, and a carbon woven fabric on which the carbon preform is placed transfers continuously the carbon preform at a constant speed and thereby infiltrates the carbon preform.The apparatus and method for manufacturing a reaction bonded silicon carbide which enable mass production of goods of various sizes and characteristics by continuously transferring the carbon preform on the carbon woven fabric and supplying the molten metal through the pyro-carbon coated graphite feeder.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for making semi-finished products in the form of thin metal bars having a width-gauge ratio of over 60 and a maximum sheet metal gauge tolerance of 2%. A metal profile is fed continuously and upwardly through a pool of melt material having the same composition as the metal profile so as to form a coated metal profile. The metal profile is fed at a rate which would result in a coated metal profile having a thickness of at least three times that of the uncoated metal profile. The coated metal profile is subjected to a smoothing pass between a pair of smoothing rolls when the mean temperature in the crystallized layer of the coated metal profile meets a given condition. The smoothing rolls are adjustably disposed inside a housing at a distance of 0.5 to 5 m from the melt pool surface.

Abstract: In connection with the manufacture of zinc hot dip galvanized or galvannealed steel strip using a high strength, high tensile steel strip containing Si, Mn or Cr as a starting steel strip, the invention provides a method for hot dip galvanizing a high tensile steel strip with minimal bare spots which can manufacture a bare spot-free steel strip of quality in an inexpensive manner while minimizing process complications and lowered productivity. The invention is achieved by subjecting a cold rolled steel strip containing at least one component of 0.1 to 2.0% of Si, 0.5 to 2.0% of Mn, and 0.1 to 2.0% of Cr and optionally further containing up to 0.2% of P, in % by weight, to recrystallization annealing in a continuous annealing line, cooling the steel strip, removing a steel component concentrated layer at the surface of the steel strip by polishing and/or pickling, subjecting the steel strip again to heat reduction at a temperature from 650.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for fabricating ceramic-metal composites having continuous ceramic and metallic phases. In one embodiment, the metal phase includes copper metal. The method can include the steps of contacting a porous ceramic matrix material with molten metal whereby capillary action pulls the metal into the ceramic matrix to substantially fill the open void space. The present invention also provides a ceramic-metal composite having continuous metal and ceramic phases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for forming metal matrix composite bodies. Particularly, an infiltration enhancer and/or an infiltration enhancer precursor and/or an infiltrating atmosphere are in communication with a rigidized filler material or a rigidized preform, at least at some point during the process, which permits molten matrix metal to spontaneously infiltrate the rigidized filler material or rigidized preform. Such spontaneous infiltration occurs without the requirement for the application of any pressure or vacuum. In one embodiment of the invention, a filler material or preform can be rigidized by firing and at least partially sintering the filler material so as to provide a three-dimensionally interconnected network of sintered filler material. In another embodiment of the invention, a refractory material mixture is contacted against an exterior surface of a preform or filler material and at least at some point during the process becomes structurally supportive.

Abstract: A method for making triniobium tin foil is disclosed where the niobium-based foil with an oxide layer is passed continuously at a set speed into an enclosed chamber. The enclosed chamber has an inert atmosphere which is substantially oxygen free. Upon entering the chamber, the foil passes through a decomposition anneal furnace, a low temperature tin dip, and then a high temperature reaction anneal furnace before exiting the chamber as triniobium tin foil.

Abstract: A metal-ceramic composite body is prepared by impregnating a porous ceramic preform with a molten metal. A preform (3, 15), a crucible (7) containing molten metal (6), and a channeling bundle (8) of filaments are set such that one end of the bundle (8) is disposed above the molten metal (6) in the crucible (7) and the other end of the bundle (8) is disposed in contact with the preform (3, 15). The crucible (7) is moved up until the bundle one end is immersed in the molten metal (6) whereby the molten metal (6) is channeled to the preform (3, 15) through the filaments of the bundle (8) for impregnating the preform (3, 15) with the molten metal. The crucible (7) is moved down until the bundle one end is withdrawn from the molten metal (6) whereby supply of the molten metal to the preform (3, 15) is interrupted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a freshly metallized substrate in which a metal substrate is passed through a bath of molten metal for the purpose of applying a coating thereto while a treating gas containing a reducing gas, a non-oxidizing gas or combination thereof is provided at the region where the metallized substrate exits the molten metal bath to thereby at least reduce oxidation of the metallized substrate and the surface of the molten metal bath.

Abstract: Steel alloys containing chromium may be hot dip aluminized in a bath having up to 15% silicon with improved wettability by using a bright preannealing practice in a box furnace having a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere. The surfaces of the preannealed steel are easily coated if the box annealing furnace has a dew point of less than -60.degree. C. (-75.degree. F.). The preannealing should also include a minimum soak of at least 1 hour at a temperature of 675.degree. C. to 785.degree. C. (1250.degree. F. to 1450.degree. F.). It is important that the surfaces of the strip after preannealing are not removed prior to aluminizing. During the aluminizing operation, the strip temperature does not need to be heated to much above the bath temperature since the strip has already been preannealed. The furnace is maintained to avoid oxidation with an atmosphere which is typically a nitrogen, hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

Abstract: The thin film electrode is prepared by first forming a bath of a molten lithium material in a vessel. The molten lithium containing material is selected among lithium, a lithium alloy and lithium containing compounds. A substrate is coated with a thin layer of the molten material by transporting the substrate below the vessel where it contacts the molten lithium material.

Abstract: A method of molten metal plating, comprising the steps of: bringing a travelling steel strip into contact with a revolving roll; applying a molten metal on the roll through a nozzle disposed near the roll; and transferring the applied molten metal from the roll to the steel strip by the revolution of the roll. An apparatus for molten metal plating, comprising: a coating roll capable of being brought into contact with a travelling steel strip; a nozzle disposed near the roll for applying a molten metal on the roll; and a source for supplying a molten metal to the nozzle.

Abstract: Scavenger compositions useful for purifying process gas streams, such as process gas streams, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, noble gases, diborane, and hydride gases from Groups IVA-VIA of the Periodic Table, such as arsine, phosphine, silane, germane, hydrogen selenide, and hydrogen telluride, and mixtures thereof, to remove water, oxygen, and other oxidant and Lewis acid impurities therefrom, such scavenger comprising a porous, high surface area inert support having thereon an active scavenging species, formed by the deposition on the support of a Group IA metal and pyrolysis thereof at a selected elevated temperature on said support.

Abstract: A process for coating a steel strip, particularly ferritic stainless steel, with aluminum by hot quenching, in which the strip is preheated to a temperature less than 500.degree. C. in a first non-oxidizing atmosphere containing a quantity of oxygen less than 3%, the strip is then heated to a temperature less than 950.degree. C. in a second non-oxidizing atmosphere, the strip is then conveyed to an atmosphere (3, 4) which is non-reactive at the coating temperature, and, finally, the strip is quenched in a coating bath.

Abstract: A shallow vessel (50,52) for being horizontally disposed when containing a molten metal or metal alloy (66) for meniscus coating one side of a clean metal strip (34A) when the strip is moved vertically past one side of the vessel. The vessel includes a shell (68) such as austenitic stainless steel, a refractory lining (70), a molten metal departure lip (72) mounted on the upper surface of the side of the vessel, a spirally shaped induction coil (64) for maintaining the molten metal above its melting point and a flux concentrator (74). The induction coil is positioned below the refractory lining and the flux concentrator is positioned below the induction coil. The induction coil and the flux concentrator underlie the area occupied by the molten metal.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a galvanized steel sheet, comprising steps of coating a steel sheet with nickel in an amount of from 0.2 to 2 g/m.sup.2, heating the steel sheet thus coated to a temperature within the range of from 420.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. in a non-oxidative atmosphere, and dipping the nickel coated steel sheet into a molten zinc bath containing aluminum at a content of from 0.1 to 1% without contact with air, wherein the steel sheet is dipped into the molten zinc bath within 15 seconds after the temperature of the steel sheet exceeds 350.degree. C. in the heating step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for forming metal matrix composite bodies. Particularly, an infiltration enhancer and/or an infiltration enhancer precursor and/or an infiltrating atmosphere are in communication with a rigidized filler material or a rigidized preform, at least at some point during the process, which permits molten matrix metal to spontaneously infiltrate the rigidized filler material or rigidized preform. Such spontaneous infiltration occurs without the requirement for the application of any pressure or vacuum.

Abstract: A method for producing ultra-high strength galvanized steel strip from a martensitic, plain carbon, steel strip which is pre-treated by induction heating rapidly or by fluxing, then hot dip galvanized and tempered, and then cooled to stop further tempering. The resulting galvanized steel strip has a microstructure comprising tempered martensite, a tensile strength substantially greater than 120,000 psi (827 MPa) and a coating weight substantially greater than 30 g/m.sup.2 /side.

Abstract: This method combines etching of the strip by passing through reduced pressure electric plasma discharge zones and the direct off-line dip-coating of the etched strip in a bath of molten aluminum.The strip brought to cathode potential defilades continuously in registration with the magnet elements and anodes of a plurality of consecutively disposed magnetron devices and, therefore, directly into said molten metal bath.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbide coating of Group IVA, VA and VIA transition metals and their alloys. The metal to be coated is heated in a bath of molten alkali or alkaline earth metal containing carbon. There is also provided a method for preparing a metal surface for carburization by heating the metal in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a galvanized steel sheet, comprising steps of coating a steel sheet with nickel in an amount of from 0.2 to 2 g/m.sup.2, heating the steel sheet thus coated to a temperature within the range of from 420.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. in a non-oxidative atmosphere, and dipping the nickel coated steel sheet into a molten zinc bath containing aluminum at a content of from 0.1 to 1% without contract with air, wherein the steel sheet is dipped into the molten zinc bath within 15 seconds after the temperature of the steel sheet extends 350.degree. C. in the heating step.

Abstract: A method of pretreating and hot-dip coating aluminum or aluminum alloys on a chromium-containing steel strip to provide an improved coating comprising annealing final gauge steel strip in an oxygen excess atmosphere to produce a chromium-rich oxide on the surface and thereafter electrolytically descaling the strip in an aqueous salt solution to remove the oxide and to expose a chromium depleted surface of the strip. The strip is then transported to a coating line where it is heated to a temperature at or above the temperature of a bath of aluminum or aluminum alloy. A substantially hydrogen atmosphere is maintained over the bath while the dew point is maintained below minus 35.degree. C. The strip is then drawn through the bath to coat the strip.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the metal coating on metal parts immersed in a molten metal coating bath of a different composition. The apparatus comprises (a) a vacuum pump, (b) a buffer tank, (c) centrifuge having a drum, a cover for sealing the drum, a platform within the drum to receive the parts and means to spin the platform, and (d) valved lines connecting with the drum cover and connecting, respectively, with the buffer tank a source of gas at atmospheric pressure and a source of gas at greater than atmospheric pressure. The tank has a volume of at least 10 times the volume of the drum.

Abstract: Titanium and titanium alloy substrates are provided with a dense coating of a titanium silicide. The titanium silicide coating substantially increases the oxidation resistance of the substrate. The siliciding method includes the steps of: Forming a substantially molten pool of a siliciding alloy; contacting the substrate with the siliciding alloy; maintaining the substrate in contact with the siliciding alloy at a temperature at or above a minimum predetermined temperature to form a titanium silicide coating on the substrate; and separating the coated substrate from the siliciding alloy. The siliciding alloy includes a minimum effective concentration of silicon and a lithium metal flux.

Abstract: Continuous hot dip aluminum coated ferritic chromium alloy steel strip. Strip is cleaned by heating to a temperature no greater than about 650.degree. C. in a direct fired furnace. The cleaned strip is further heated in a protective atmosphere containing at least 95% by volume hydrogen, cooled in the protective hydrogen atmosphere to near or slightly above the melting point of an aluminum coating metal, and passed into a bath of the aluminum coating metal. The low direct fired furnace cleaning temperature and hydrogen protective atmosphere provides good wetting of a chromium alloy steel surface to prevent uncoated areas or pin holes in the aluminum coated layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of conducting a joining/coating operation which provides good wetting of metal-comprising substrate surfaces by metal-comprising filler/coating materials while reducing the rate of metal oxide formation. The joining/coating operation is carried out in a controlled oxidizing atmosphere having an oxidation capability greater than that required to oxidize a metal-comprising filler material used for joining or a metal-comprising coating, but having less oxidation capability than that of air. Typically the controlled oxidizing atmosphere consists essentially of nitrogen and oxygen, wherein the oxygen concentration is controlled at a set point. The range of the setpoint corresponds with an oxygen concentration which can range from greater than about 10 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, depending on the application.

Abstract: The surface appearance of a wire or tube coated with a liquid metal may be improved by the use of a gas jet wiping nozzle of defined shape to wipe excess molten metal from the wire or tube. The nozzle has an upper annular part and a lower annular part, each of the annular parts has an upper and a lower annular surface meeting in an annular edge. Adjacent surfaces of the upper and lower annular parts define between them an annular gas passage terminating in an annular gas orifice adapted to surround a wire or tube being wiped. The included angle between the upper surface of the upper annular part and the direction of travel of gas leaving the gas orifice being smaller than (80-x).degree. and the included angle between the lower surface of the lower annular part and the direction of travel of gas leaving the gas passage being smaller than (70+x).degree.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a precursor wire for a CFRM material, which comprised a continuous carbon fiber bundle of carbon filaments as a reinforcement and a metal as a matrix. In a pretreatment process, the fiber bundle with a sizing agent adhered thereto is passed through an inert atmosphere at a temperature in the range of from 350.degree. to 800.degree. C., thereby thermally decomposing the sizing agent, the chemical structure of the sizing agent including ether linkages, and a residue of thermal decomposition containing the ether linkages is left on the surface of each single filament. In a chemical vapor deposition process, a material gas containing a titanium compound and a boron compound and a reducing gas containing zinc are caused to act simultaneously on the fiber bundle at a temperature in the range of from 700.degree. to 800.degree. C.

Abstract: Known methods of melting Titanium and its alloys for the purpose of sheathing a ceramic filament include the premelting of the metal in a crucible. This method results in contamination of the metal. The present invention obviates the crucible and instead positions a rod of solid Titanium or an alloy thereof adjacent the filament and locally heats the end of the rod. The melt continuously coats the filament which is then traversed laterally of the rod. The method is employed in an inert atmosphere and contamination is thus avoided. In a preferred embodiment, a computer controls the rate of melting of the rod, the movement of the rod, and the lateral movement of the filament.