Abstract: Continuous hot dip aluminum coated ferritic chromium alloy steel strip. Strip is cleaned by heating to a temperature no greater than about 650.degree. C. in a direct fired furnace. The cleaned strip is further heated in a protective atmosphere containing at least 95% by volume hydrogen, cooled in the protective hydrogen atmosphere to near or slightly above the melting point of an aluminum coating metal, and passed into a bath of the aluminum coating metal. The low direct fired furnace cleaning temperature and hydrogen protective atmosphere provides good wetting of a chromium alloy steel surface to prevent uncoated areas or pin holes in the aluminum coated layer.

Abstract: The surface quality and luster of galvanized wire produced by the gas jet wiping method and cooled by jets of a cooling fluid may be improved by exposing the wire to a reactive gas atmosphere containing sulphide or chloride radicals after the wire has passed through the gas jet wiping nozzle and before it is contacted by the cooling fluid. The wire is exposed to the reactive gas atmosphere for a sufficient length of time to form a protective surface coating of metal sulphide or chloride.

Abstract: The soldering arrangement has a lengthwise extending tunnel arrangement (1) with a soldering tunnel (3) through which a conveyor arrangement (10) for the work pieces extends. A soldering tunnel (3) which is inclined upwardly in the conveying direction is provided with a floor opening which is surrounded by a downwardly protruding sealing skirt (18) which is immersed in the molten liquid solder material (20) in a tub (19) below the soldering tunnel (3). The soldering nozzles (24, 25) arranged within the soldering tunnel (3) are supplied through riser channels within the sealing skirt (18). A protective gas conduit (41) for supplying nitrogen opens into the soldering tunnel (3). The soldering tunnel (3) and the conveyor path of the conveyor arrangement (10) extending within the soldering tunnel (3), are tiltable about a horizontal crosswise axis (47), whereby the inclination of the soldering tunnel (3) is adjustable.

Abstract: Continuously hot dip aluminum coated ferritic chromium alloy steel strip. After the steel has been given a pretreatment to remove surface contaminants, the steel is protected in a hydrogen atmosphere until it is passed into the molten aluminum coating metal. The coating metal readily wets the steel surface to prevent uncoated areas or pin holes in the coating layer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for metallic coating according to which the fiber is made to pass through a bath of molten metal. To prevent unevennesses in coating, caused by turbulence, a depression is made above the bath.The invention also pertains to a device by which the method is applied. The fiber goes vertically through a pot containing the molten metal above which the depression is made.The invention can be used to make optic fibers of greater mechanical strength.

Abstract: Process of manufacturing thin electrodes, supported on an electronically conductive sheet, the electrodes being made from an element selected from lithium, lithium alloy, or doped lithium, whose melting point does not differ from the melting point of lithium by .+-.50.degree. C. and whose thickness is constant, from a roller of the sheet and a source of the element. According to the invention, there is provided a bath of the element in molten state, the sheet is continuously unrolled, a constant quantity of the molten element is continuously applied on one of the two faces of the sheet, so as to produce a film on the sheet, whose thickness is constant and between about 0.1 and about 40.mu. and whose surface is homogeneous and uniform. The process is carried out in such a manner that the molten element is prevented from solidifying while in contact with the sheet, and the solidification of the element on the sheet takes place after formation of the film on the sheet.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for application of a metal-comprising coating to a metal-comprising surface without using a flux. The metal-comprising surface must be wettable by or become wettable upon contact with a bath of the metal-comprising coating. Application of the coating is carried out in an environment which is inert at least with respect to the coating material during the time period of its application to the metal-comprising surface, and preferably inert with respect to both the coating material and the metal-comprising surface. The inert environment temperature is sufficiently low that no damage is done to the metal-comprising surface and no damage is done to other materials adjacent to the metal-comprising surface.

Abstract: A process for preventing crack formation in nickel alloy substrates having a gamma-prime phase includes providing a substrate comprised of a nickel alloy having a gamma-prime phase. A portion of the substrate is irradiated with a laser beam and thereby forms a molten pool of the alloy. A supply of coating particles are dispersed within the pool, the particles are comprised of a nickel alloy having gamma-prime forming constitutents. Rapid relative motion between the beam and the pool is effected so that the pool rapidly solidifies and thereby minimizes the formation of gamma-prime therein and adjacent thereto.

Abstract: Continuously hot dip aluminum coated ferritic chromium alloy steel strip. After the steel has been given a pretreatment to remove surface contaminants, the steel is protected in a hydrogen atmosphere until it is passed into the molten aluminum coating metal. The coating metal readily wets the steel surface to prevent uncoated areas or pin holes in the coating layer.

Abstract: A process and an installation for the continuous application of an oxidizable coating to a strip.The object of the invention is to provide an improvement in the recycle ratios and a savings of inert replenishing gas in an installation, in the enclosure which protects the draining means for controlling the coating, is recycled. To achieve this result, provision is made for the continuous purification of this gas by bringing it into contact with a reductive substance. If protective enclosure also contains the minimized flouring nozzles, zinc vapor can be introduced into the gas. This zinc vapor reacts with the oxygen and produces the nuclei by condensation.

Abstract: A component for an aluminum production cell comprising a refractory matrix having a rigid porous structure substantially filled with aluminum.

Abstract: A continuous hot dip aluminum coating method used in a continuous hot dip aluminum coating line for hot dip aluminum coating on steel in Sendzimir method or nonoxidizing furnace method, said method comprising the covering the surface of the coating bath in the snout of said hot dip coating line by use of an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of treating filaments in order to increase their wettability by molten magnesium or an alloy thereof. The filaments are treated by coating them with particulate molybdenum trioxide, chromic oxide, ferric oxide or nickel oxide and subsequently infiltrating them with molten magnesium or an alloy thereof.

Abstract: A process for suppressing zinc vapor in the snout of a continuous line for hot dip coating one side or both sides of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten zinc or zinc based alloy by maintaining the atmosphere within the snout to include about 1-8% hydrogen by volume and about 300 ppm to 4500 ppm water vapor with the balance being one or more inert gases, such as nitrogen. The atmosphere has a hydrogen/water vapor ratio of at least 4 to 1, or higher. This atmosphere is oxidizing to zinc vapor but non-oxidizing to the ferrous strip.

Abstract: A process for controlling zinc vapor in a finishing process for a hot dip zinc based coating on a ferrous base metal strip in which the strip emerges from the coating bath into an enclosed chamber, by injecting high dew point gas into the chamber. The process is applicable on both a one side and two side coating process. Preferably the atmosphere has about 1-3% water vapor, by volume, for both one-sided and two-sided process.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal coating on an elongated member, specifically, for forming a thick metal coating on a wire or the like, in which an elongated member being drawn through a melt is extracted from the surface of the bath in a gas container. The gas container is supplied with a nonoxidiziing gas, liquid or a mixture. Preferably, the gas, liquid or mixture is supplied at a temperature sufficiently low to prevent oxidation of the surface of the melt and to cool the elongated member rapidly. The bath should contain a structure for causing the gas, liquid or mixture supply thereto to swirl around the elongated member.

Abstract: An alloyed copper wire rod is formed by continuous rod-casting, wherein a core rod is driven through a crucible containing molten metal. High purity copper melt is continuously charged into the crucible; to which an alloying material is simultaneously added in a quantity which corresponds to the given casting speed of the core rod. The required alloy thus obtained is crystallized on the surface of the core-rod as it passes through the crucible and the rod produced is treated in the usual manner i.e., cooling, rolling and coiling.

Abstract: An installation for the continuous coating of a strip, especially for the galvanizing of sheet steel.The object of the invention is to improve the quality of the coating and the uniformity of its crystallization, especially for thin sheets with low coating thicknesses. To achieve this result, the minimized flouring nozzle or nozzles are placed in an enclosure from which the strip leaves through a narrow slit and in which is provided means for maintaining a protective atmosphere inside this enclosure.Preferably, this enclosure is one with an enclosure surrounding the draining means, and means for recycling the protective atmosphere and for purifying it with respect to oxygen are provided.

Abstract: An improved method of and apparatus for hot dip metal coating of steel strip in which the strip is heated and cleaned in a furnace then passed through a protective hood containing a reducing gas and into the molten coating metal bath. Coating metal oxides evolved in the hood are removed by flowing a nonoxidizing gas across the surface of the coating metal in the hood and withdrawing the gas and entrained oxides from a location in the vicinity of the coating metal surface. The oxides are removed from the withdrawn gas, and the gas returned to be again flowed across the coating metal surface.

Abstract: In the hot-dip coating utilizing molten metals in which the partial pressure of the metal vapor is substantial at the coating temperature, the resultant metal vapor in the snout area over the metal bath tends to cause pinhole type imperfections on the resultant coating. For example, substantial vaporization occurs during high temperature galvanizing and during hot-dip coating of Al-Zn, in which Al is a major constituent, such that the bath must be maintained at a high enough temperature to keep the aluminum molten. The accumulation of such vapors inside the snout area is minimized by (i) utilizing baffles within the snout to isolate it as much as possible from the cooling section of the annealing furnace, and (ii) venting a portion of the gas from the snout.

Abstract: A finishing method and apparatus for use in conventional hot-dip coating of the type wherein a ferrous base metal strip, having been appropriately pretreated so as to be at or near the proper coating temperature and so as to have its surfaces free of oxides, is cause to pass beneath the surface of a bath of molten coating metal, exiting the bath between conventional finishing rolls. The method comprises the steps of providing an enclosure which overlies at least the coating metal meniscus areas created between the finishing rolls and the strip, and maintaining within the enclosure an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere to shroud the meniscus areas. The apparatus comprises the above mentioned enclosure with an appropriate system to provide and maintain the inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere therein.

Abstract: A dual-purpose production plant for cold rolled steel sheets and hot-dip galvanized steel sheets having, successively disposed in series, a heating zone, a soaking zone, a primary cooling zone, an overaging zone equipped with a controlled cooling facility, a molten galvanizing zone, an intermediate cooling means, a secondary cooling zone, a temper rolling means, and a chemical treatment means, and a bypass for directly connecting the overaging zone and the secondary cooling zone with each other.

Abstract: A method is presented for preparing a boride layer on a transition metal substrate for use in corrosive environments or as a harden surface in machine applications. This method is particularly useful in treating current collectors for use within a high temperature and corrosive electrochemical cell environment. A melt of a alkali metal boride tetrafluoride salt including such as KF to lower its melting point is prepared including a dissolved boron containing material, for instance NiB, MnB.sub.2, or CrB.sub.2. A transition metal to be coated is immersed in the melt at a temperature of no more than 700.degree. C. and a surface boride layer of that transition metal is formed within a period of about 24 hours on the substrate surface.

Abstract: Predetermined diffusing elements such as chromium and/or aluminum are diffused into the surface of a ferrous-based part while preventing, or at least minimizing, bonding of portions of such part to each other or to a fixture with which the part is processed, by constructing the fixture of a barrier material or placing a barrier layer between the member and the part. The barrier has a composition to substantially preclude diffusion therein of the predetermined element and that is capable of withstanding a molten-lead alloy bath. Then the part is contacted by a molten alloy bath consisting essentially of lead and the diffusing elements. Thereafter, the part is separated from the member. The process finds particular use when the part is coiled sheet steel, in which case adjacent flights of coil are spaced by separator means which is made of a barrier material or carries a barrier layer.

Abstract: A hot dip galvanized steel strip in which the zinc based alloy coating exhibits a satisfactory appearance and is firmly fixed to the strip substrate, which strip is produced by a process which comprises coating at least one surface of a steel strip with a melted zinc based alloy controlling the weight of the melted zinc based alloy coating and; solidifying the melted zinc based alloy coating and which process is characterized in that the zinc based alloy contains 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of magnesium and in at least a portion of a stage in which the melted zinc based alloy coating is still in the fluid state, the zinc based alloy coating is exposed to an oxygen-controlled atmosphere containing 1000 ppm or less of molecular oxygen, the controlling procedure for the weight of the melted zinc based alloy coating being carried out in the oxygen-controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: Metal strip is passed around a cylinder immersed in a bath of molten metal. Selection of one-sided or two-sided coating is made by selecting the position at which the strip enters and leaves the bath relative to the position at which the strip comes into and out of contact with the cylinder, by selecting the level of the bath surface or by moving an auxiliary roll.

Abstract: A gas wiping die for wiping wire issuing from a molten metal coating bath is provided with critical parameters with respect to the die angle, the length and thickness of the die orifice and the relationship of the sides of the orifice, the throat diameter of the die and the height above the molten bath surface. The thickness of molten coatings on wire wiped with the combined die can be very accurately controlled by changes in wiping gas pressure.

Abstract: A finishing method and apparatus for conventional continuous hot-dip coating of the type wherein a ferrous base metal strip is caused to pass beneath the surface of a coating bath of molten coating metal and is thereafter subjected to jet finishing, the ferrous base metal strip having been appropriately pretreated so as to be at the proper coating temperature and so as to have its surfaces oxide-free when passing through the bath of molten coating metal. The method comprises the steps of providing an enclosure for the two-side coated strip as it exits the coating bath, locating a finishing jet nozzle to either side of the coated strip within the enclosure, jet finishing the coated strip with a non-oxidizing or inert gas. The apparatus comprises the above mentioned enclosure with the jet finishing nozzles located therein and an appropriate system to provide a non-oxidizing or inert atmosphere within the enclosure.

Abstract: A cladding process and apparatus in which steel strip or sheet is cladded with a metal of lower melting point, e.g. lead, by maintaining a bank of constant level of the molten cladding material between a belt and the strip or sheet substrate which passes along an inclined path and is cooled to harden the molten material thereon. During the cooling process the applied material is compressed against the substrate.

Abstract: One side surface of a continuous metal strip is continuously brought into contacted with a surface of a molten metal bath. The surface of the molten metal bath is flowed to the directions departing from both edges of the strip by a linear induction motor dipped in the bath. A one side surface metal coated product having no deposition of a molten metal on the reverse surface is obtained by the method of the present invention.

Abstract: The occurrence of defects on wire coated with an aluminum-zinc alloy coating applied by hot dipping in a molten coating bath is substantially decreased by preventing the deposition of zinc powder particles upon the surface of the molten aluminum-zinc coating prior to solidification of the coating. The deposition of metallic zinc powder particles upon the molten aluminum-zinc coating may be alleviated in several different manners, including preventing the formation of the zinc powder, preventing the accumulation of the zinc powder upon the surface of the molten aluminum-zinc bath, decomposing the zinc powder before it accumulates and exhausting or removing the zinc powder from the vicinity of the molten metal coated wire as it leaves the molten bath. Several novel apparatus arrangements for accomplishing the above are disclosed.

Abstract: Passed through a chamber holding a non-oxidizing atmosphere substantially horizontally, a steel strip is continuously coated on one side only with a molten coating metal. An electromagnetic pump imparts a thrust to the molten coating metal on the entry side of a guide so as to form a stream of the molten metal rising above the bath surface on the exit side of the guide. The rising molten metal stream contacts the bottom surface of the strip to form a film of the coating metal thereon. Provision is made to offer less flow resistance to the rising stream widthwise then lengthwise, so that the molten coating metal flows positively toward both edges of the strip.

Abstract: A combined gas wiping die and closed protective atmosphere chamber for treating linear material issuing from a molten metal coating bath is provided with gas exit orifices leading from the hood to the external environment. The gas exit orifices have a combined cross sectional area less than the total cross sectional area of the throat of the wiping die. The combined wiping die and protective chamber with limited area exit orifices is used with a wiping gas such as nitrogen or argon. The thickness of molten coatings on linear material wiped with the combined die and protective chamber can be very accurately controlled by changes in wiping gas pressure.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for one-sided, hot-dip coating which includes guiding and causing a metal sheet to be coated to travel over a molten metal bath by means of a pair of guide rolls disposed above the bath; sucking a hot-dip coating metal inside the molten metal bath by an electromagnetic pump disposed outside the bath and jetting the hot-dip coating metal through the molten metal bath from a nozzle protruding beyond the surface of the bath between the pair of guide rolls; and bringing the hot-dip coating metal thus jetted into contact with the lower surface of the metal sheet over its entire range in its transverse direction while the metal sheet is travelling, thereby forming a coating layer of the hot-dip coating metal on the lower surface of the metal sheet.

Abstract: A filament served bondable conductor is described. A metal wire is wrapped with an insulating yarn then suspended between two supports. After passing over the first support, the wire is immersed in a varnish, excess varnish is removed, and the varnish is cured in an oven before the wire passes over the second support. The wire is again suspended between two more supports. After passing over the third support the wire is immersed in an enamel, excess enamel is removed, and the enamel is cured to a non-tacky B-stage in the same oven. The wire can then be wound on a take-up reel until needed. The wire can be formed into coils and the coils heated to fuse and completely cure the enamel.

Abstract: A method for controlling the coating of wires, strips or the like, emerging from molten metal baths, involving subjecting the wire to a single stationary, alternating electromagnetic field generated by an electromagnetic device positioned at or below the point of emergence such that the point of emergence is always within the electromagnetic field. The frequency and/or current for generating the field may be adjustable, and the field generated by either parallel or transverse to the wire, strip or the like. The wire, strip or the like may pass through, or adjacent, the electromagnetic device. A neutral or reducing atmosphere may be provided within a chamber situated at the point of emergence and the point of emergence covered with particles inert to the environment. Alternatively the emergence area, may be covered by a confined or unconfined bed of oil charcoal.

Abstract: A method of wiping hot dipped metal coated wire or strip, and an apparatus for performing the method, involving drawing the wire or strip upwardly from a bath of molten metal through a wiping bed located at the point of emergence from the bath, with an interference device being positioned adjacent the wire or strip below the surface of the molten bath such as to restrict the lamella flow of molten metal entrained by the moving wire or strip. The interference device wholly or partly surrounds the wire or strip and is located below the wiping bed, which bed in turn may be laterally confined or unconfined. The interference device may be of any convenient configuration such as in the form of a horizontally disposed flat plate provided with one or more slots, grooves or other apertures through which the wire or strip passes.

Abstract: A ferrous based substrate is diffusion coated by contacting the substrate with a molten alloy bath consisting essentially of lead and chromium, wherein the quantity of chromium is less than 0.85% of the weight of the lead.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for pretreating graphite fibers and woven graphite preforms so that they may be wetted and infiltrated by molten metals such as aluminum and alloys thereof. Pretreatment includes immersing graphite fibers or preforms in a bath of liquid NaK alloy at room temperature. The pretreatment allows a lower temperature and shorter immersion time than prior art processes and permits improved wetting and infiltration by the molten metal constituting the matrix of a graphite fiber reinforced metal composite.

Abstract: Method and means for continuously contact-coating one side only of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal. One or more roll means are provided to conduct the strip surface to be coated above the surface of a bath of the molten coating metal. The strip surface to be coated is caused to travel sufficiently close to the molten coating metal bath surface that the surface tension and wetting characteristics of the coating metal will permit the formation of a meniscus which will continuously contact and coat the strip surface. The coating is subjected to jet finishing. The strip is maintained in a protective non-oxidizing atmosphere at least until the one side thereof is coated. Alternatively, at least that side of the strip to be coated with the molten coating metal is coated with a flux which remains on the strip until contacted by the coating metal meniscus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and means for applying one or more coatings on to a substrate. The invention is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with applying metal or alloy coatings on to metallic substrates in order to improve the formability and corrosion resistance of the substrates. Known coating processes include hot dip galvanizing, tinning and aluminizing, and in particular the method comprises feeding the substrate through a molten composition of a first coating material and subsequently feeding the so coated substrate into a molten composition of a second coating material whereby the coating of the second material is overlaid upon the coating of the first material.

Abstract: An aluminum coated low alloy low carbon killed steel sheet material which exhibits increased resistance to subsurface oxidation at elevated temperatures having incorporated in the low carbon killed steel before rolling and hot-dip aluminum coating an amount of vanadium or a combination of vanadium and titanium at least four times the weight percent carbon in the steel but not more than ten times the weight percent carbon in said steel with said amount being sufficient to combine with all the carbon and nitrogen in the steel and provide an excess of uncombined vanadium in the steel of about 0.1 wt. %.

Abstract: Delamination of plating on aluminum, for example tin plating, is avoided by providing an intermediate alloy coating on the aluminum prior to its passage through a bath of molten tin or a tin alloy. The coating is applied by passing cleansed aluminum through to the plating thereof with a primary protective metal. The intermediate alloy coating alloy contains zinc, bismuth, cadmium, tin and lead.

Abstract: A one side plated metal of excellent appearance and quality can be obtained by dipping the material into a plating bath. In this case, one side of the material is oxidized just before it enters the bath so as to form an oxide film on that side and leave it unplated. As soon as it is pulled up from the bath it is maintained under reducing atmosphere so as to prevent adherence of the plating metal to the oxide film.

Abstract: An aluminum coated carbon article or composite, and process therefor having aluminum chemically bonded to carbon via an interface of a metal monocarbide formed in situ when an intermetallic phase comprising aluminum and a metal capable of reacting with carbon to form a metal carbide is reduced by carbon to aluminum and a metal carbide, the metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium and hafnium.

Abstract: Method and means for continuously contact-coating one side only of a ferrous base metal strip with a molten coating metal. One or more roll means are provided to conduct the strip surface to be coated above the surface of a bath of the molten coating metal. The strip surface to be coated is caused to travel sufficiently close to the molten coating metal bath surface that the surface tension and wetting characteristics of the coating metal will permit the formation of a meniscus which will continuously contact and coat the strip surface. The coating is subjected to jet finishing. The strip is maintained in a protective non-oxidizing atmosphere at least until the one side thereof is coated. The strip may be maintained in the protective non-oxidizing atmosphere until it is sufficiently cooled to prevent the formation of a visible oxide on the uncoated side thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in continuously applying molten coating metal, such as in galvanizing or aluminizing to tubes, rods, wire or other work pieces passing through a metallic bath. The molten metal in a reservoir is discharged onto the tube or rod, the metal flowing around the tube or rod being controlled by a splash tube. The coating metal is progressively agitated and cooled within the splash tube, after which the tubing or rod is accurately centered to exit the splash tube with an even coating of the desired thickness, such coating being in a stable condition. The entire system is enclosed in an inert atmosphere eliminating the formation of "galvanizers' dross", oxides of aluminum, etc.

Abstract: A method of cladding metal plate with a protective layer of copper or copper base alloy is disclosed. The metal plate is contacted with a standing waveform of molten copper or copper base alloy in order to provide the cladding layer. This clad composite material is used to provide corrosion resistance for the metal plate substrate and an inexpensive alternative to solid thick sheets of copper or copper base alloy to deter corrosion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of hot-dip coating a ferrous strand. The strand is passed through a furnace in which the strand is heated, passed through a second furnace in which the strand is subjected to a reducing atmosphere and then passed through a protective hood and into the molten bath of aluminum-zinc alloy. A preheated reducing gas is introduced into the protective hood so as to sweep across and cover the surface of the molten bath within such hood prior to passing upwardly through it and the second furnace countercurrent to the movement of the strand. The preheated reducing gas has a temperature of at least 750.degree. F, a dew point no greater then 0.degree. F and is composed of at least 20% by volume of hydrogen, balance essentially nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of producing electrode units for plasmatrons, according to which a direct-current arc is struck between a tungsten electrode and a melt, so that the electrode acts as a cathode, prior to dipping the electrode into the molten metal, intended e.g. for an electrode holder. Then the electrode is dipped into the melt, and the arc is extinguished.